中石油托福阅读词汇

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中石油托福阅读词汇

中石油托福阅读词汇

阅读词汇考考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义频 abundant plentiful a.大量的 accelerate increase v.加速;加大 accessible available a.可用的 according to depending on 依据;按照;;取决于 accordingly for that reason ad.因此 accordingly consequently ad.因此 account explain v.解释;说明2account for explain v.解释,说明2account for explain v.解释,说明 accumulate collect v.积累;积聚 accumulate collect v.聚集 adequate sufficient a.充分的;足够的 adhere stick v.黏附;胶着 adjunct addition n.附加物 administered managed v.管理 adorn decorate v.装饰 advent arrival n.出现;到来 adversely negatively ad.不利地;有害地 advocate proponent n.倡导者;辩护者 aesthetically artistically ad.审美地;美学地 affront insult v.公开侮辱;轻蔑 aided helped v.帮助 alert wary a.机敏的 allay reduce v.减轻;减少 alter change v.改变;调整 alternative option n.替代;替代物 altogether completely ad.完全地 ancillary secondary a.附属的;辅助的 annihilate conquer v.消灭;征服 antagonist enemy n.对手;敌人 antecedent predecessor n.先辈 anticipate look forward to v.期待;盼望 apace with as fast as 快速的 appealing attractive a.吸引人的 apply used for v.应用;适用 appreciated recognized v.赏识 appreciation recognition n.鉴赏;鉴别 aptly appropriately ad.适当地 arduous difficult a.艰巨的;艰苦的 article object n.物品,物体 ascend climb v.攀升;升高2assemble gather v.装配;组合2assemble bring together v.装配;组合 assortment variety n.形形色色;各式各样 assumption belief n.确信的想法 at any rate regardless 无论如何;至少 attachment preference for n.依恋;偏好 attained achieved v.达到 attained reached v.达到 attendant accompanying n.服务员 attire clothing n.衣着;盛装 attribute credit v.被认为;被鉴定 attribute characteristics n.特征 avail make use v.有用 avid eager a.渴望的;热心的 barren infertile a.贫瘠的;不毛的 barter exchange v.易货贸易;物物交换 besides in addition to prep.除此之外2bias prejudice n.偏见;嗜好2bias prejudice n.偏见;嗜好 bind tie v.捆;绑;使结合 boast take pride in having n./v.夸口;自恃 boosted raised v.提高,推进 bound limit n.范围;界限 bound held v.限制 break departure from n.决裂;破裂 brief look glance n.瞥视;浏览 bring about cause v.导致;引起 brittle easily broken a.易碎的 by virtue of because of 依靠;由于 calculate determine v.计算;确定 came to the forefront became important  carry support v.支撑;支持2carry on conduct v.开展;维持;继续2carry on continue v.  cease stop v.停止;结束 celebratory full of praise n.颂扬 celestial astronomical a.天空的;天上的 chance unplanned a.偶然的;碰巧的 characteristics qualities n.性质,特性 charged with assigned to 主管, 掌管 chronicle describe v.记述 circumscribe restrict v.在……周围画线;限制 classify categorize v.分类 clear unobstructed a.畅通的;无阻的3clue information n.线索;信息3clue information n. 3clue proof n.  cluster group v.成群2coarse rough a.粗糙的2coarse crude a.  coin create v.创造;杜撰 coincide with happen at the same time ad.同时 collective group n.集体 collectively together ad.共同地 come of age establish itself v.达到法定年龄;确立自身地位 comparably similarly ad.可比地;相当地 compelling forceful a.强制的;强迫的 component parts n.部分 compose focus on v.创作;创造 comprise consist of v.包含;包括 concealed covered a.隐藏着的 concentrate cluster v.集中;积聚 conclusive definitive a.最后的 concomitant with in conjunction with ad.协同 concrete specific a.具体的;特定的 configuration arrangement n.结构;形状2confine limit v.限制;局限2confine restrict v.  confirm uphold v.证实;确认 conflicting opposing a.冲突的;抵触的 conjectural based on guessing a.猜测的;推测的 consequence result n.结果2conserve store v.保存;保护2conserve retain v. 4considerable large a.很重要的;很大的4considerable substantial a. 4considerable much a. 4considerable great a.  consistent constant a.持续的 consort associate v.结交 conspicuous noticeable a.显著的 constituent component n.成分;要素 constitute make up v.构成;组成 consume eat v.吃掉 consumption eat n.消费;消耗3contemporary existing a.当代的;现有的3contemporary current a. 3contemporary written at that time a.  convergence gathering n.聚集2convert change v.转换;转变2convert chang v.  correspondingly similarly ad.相应地;对应地 count weigh v.有价值;有分量 counter overcome v.反对;驳回 counteract negate v.抵消;反作用 counterpart version n.复本;对应物 crisscross move back andforthv.穿梭;交错往来 critical judge of fine arts connoisseur n.鉴赏家;评论家 crucial important a.重要的 cumbersome burdensome a.麻烦的;笨重的 customary usual a.习惯的;惯例的 dampen moisten v.使潮湿 daring bold a.勇敢的;大胆的 deft skilled a.熟练的;灵巧的 deliberate careful a.审慎的;仔细的 deliver present v.递送;呈递 demand require v.要求;需求 demise death n.死亡 demonstrate show v.表明;证实 dense thick a.稠密的;浓厚的 depend rely v.依靠;依赖 depict represent v.描绘;描述 depress lower v.压低;使沮丧 derive obtain v.得到 derive from base on v.基于 detect find v.探测2detectable measurable a.可察觉的;易发现的2detectable apparent a.  devastated ruined a.毁坏的;被破坏的 developing evolving a.发展的;演化的2devote to dedicate v.致力于;献身于2devote to specializing in v. 2dictate determine v.指示;决定;确定2dictate determine v.  diffuse travel v.扩散;传播 disaster catastrophe n.灾难 discard get rid of v.丢弃;抛弃 dispute argument n.争论;争执2disseminate spread/impart v.散布;传播2disseminate spread v. 4distinct separate a.清晰的;不同的;独特的4distinct separate a. 4distinct different a. 4distinct separate a.  distnctive unique a.特殊的;独特的 distinguish differentiate v.区分;辨别 divergence difference n.差异;变化3diverse dissimilar a.多种多样的;不一样的;不同的3diverse varied a. 3diverse different a.  dividing line boundary n.边界;分界线 do sth. repeatedly iterate v.重复;反复2domain field n.领域;范围2domain region n.  dominant most common a.主要的;占优势的 dominate be prevalent in v.支配;控制 dramatic striking a.戏剧性的;显著的 drastic radical a.激烈的;猛烈的 drastically severely ad.激烈地3draw attract v.吸引;引导3draw attract v. 3draw instruct v.  durability endurance n.经久,耐久2durable long-lasting a.持久的;耐用的2durable strong a.  dwelling house n.住处;寓所 eager enthusiastic a.热心的2easily moved portable a.轻便的;可携带的2easily moved portable a.  edge advantage n.优势 effect influence v.影响;效果 efficiency effectiveness n.效力 elaborately done in great detail ad.详尽地;精心地 elevate promote v.提高;提升 elicit bring out v.引出 embraced welcomed v.欢迎 emerge appear v.浮现;出现2emit give off v.发出;生产,发行2emit produce v.  emphasize stress v.强调 employ use v.雇佣;应用2enable allow v.使能够;使可能2enable help v.  enactment performance n.演出;表演 encompass include v.包含 encounter meet v.遇到;相遇 end goal n.末端;目的 endless continuous a.无止境的;无穷的 engage hire v.雇佣 enhance increase v.提高;增进 enhancement improvement n.提高;增进 ensure guarantee v.保证 entire whole a.全部的 entity object n.实体;存在 entomb trap v.埋葬;设陷阱 envelop surround v.遮盖;包围 era period of time n.时期 eradicate eliminate v.除去;消除 erroneous ideas misconception n.误解;错误观念 erroneously identified as mistake v.误以为;误认为 essence basic nature n.基本 essential fundamental a.基本的 establish create v.设立;创作 estimate judge v.鉴定 evidence indicate n.迹象;预示 evolution development n.发展;演化 exalted superior a.高贵的;崇高的2excavate dig v.挖掘;开凿2excavate dig v.  exceptional remarkable a.非凡的;例外的2execute create v.造成;制成;履行;执行2execute produce v.  exercise utilize v.行使,利用2exert cause v.引起;产生2exert put v.施加(压力等) exorbitant expensive a.昂贵的 expendable unprofitable a.没有用的2expose subject to v.使暴露;暴露于2expose uncover v. 2extend stretch v.延长;扩展2extend increase v. 2extol praise v.赞美2extol praise v. 3extract remove v.提取;取得;根除,移除3extract remove v. 3extract remove v.  extraordinary supreme a.非凡的;极度的2fabricate make v.制作;装配;构建2fabricate construct v.  facilitate enable v.使容易;使便利;帮助 faction side n.小派系 fashion create v.造成,引起 fatal deadly a.致命的 favor prefer v.喜爱 favored perferred a.喜爱的 feed put v.供给;供应 feel detect v.察觉;感觉 finding scientific discovery  fine tiny a.细小的 finely minutely ad.精细的  fixture commonplaceobjectn.固定设备;附属装置 flamed burned a.燃烧的 flattering complimentary a.称赞的;奉承的 flourished thrived n.茂盛2forage feed v.搜索;寻找食物2forage search for food v.  formidable difficult a.艰难的 fortuitous sudden a.偶然的;幸运的 forward-looking progressive a.向前看的;有远见的 frame pose v.构造;提出 framework structure n.结构;框架 freeing releasing n.解除,释放 frown on disapprove of v.露出不悦之色;表示不赞成 functional usable a.合用的 fundamental basic a.基础的;基本的 furnish provide v.提供;供应 gambit calculated risk n.策略;谋略 gap open n.缺口;缝隙 give rise to bring about v.引起;带来;导致 give way to turn into v.让位;变成 glowing shining a.光亮的 good name reputation n.名声;名誉 gradually by degrees ad.逐渐地;逐步地 graphic vivid a.生动的 grumble complain v.抱怨 hard firm a.坚硬的;牢固的 hardiest most vigorous a.最强健的;最有力的 hard to deal with stubborn a.执拗的;固执的 haul load n.搬运物;载货 heart center n.中心 hemisphere side n.半球;半边 hence for these reasons ad.因此;所以 henceforth from that time on ad.自此以后 herald announce v.预示;预报 hing on depend on v.依靠 hinterland region n.地方;区域 ideal perfect a.完美的 identical exactly alike a.同样的 ignite set on fire v.着火;燃烧 imitate copy v.模仿;伪造 immunity protection n.保护 immutable unchangeable a.不变的 impediment obstacle n.妨碍;阻碍 imperceptibly subtly ad.不可觉察地;极缓慢地 implement tool n.工具;器械 implication significance n.含义;意义 imposing demanding a.紧迫的;紧急的 inaccessible enreachable a.难接近的;难达到的 in place of instead of ad.代替  in reality actually n.实际上;事实上 inaccessible unreachable a.难接近的;难达到的 inception beginning n.起初 incinerate burn up v.烧毁 incised carved a.雕刻的 incise cut v.切割;雕刻 inclination preference n.倾向;偏好 incorporate combine v.结合;合并 indeterminate uncertain a.模糊的;不确定的 influx arrival n.流入;到达 ingenuity resourcefulness n.机灵 inhibit hinder v.阻止;阻碍2initiate start v.开始;引发2initiate cause v. 2innovation new idea n.创新;革新2innovative new a.创新的 insignificant unimportant a.不重要的 instance case n.实例;例证2integral essential a.整体的;不可缺少的;基本的2integral fundamental a.  intense extreme a.强烈的;剧烈的 intensive concentrated a.加强的,集中的2intent goal n.目的2intent purpose n.  interchangeable equivalent a.相等的;可互换的 intermittently periodically ad.间歇地;断断续续地 intervals periods n.周期 intervention influence n.干涉;影响 intricate complex a.复杂的3intriguing attractive a.迷人的 3intriguing fascinationg a. 3intriguing fascinationg a.  invade move into v.侵入 inviting attractive a.吸引人的;诱人的 justify prove v.辩护;证实 key important  laborious difficult a.费力的 lie be located v.位于 load weight n.重担 locale place n.场所 lured attracted v.吸引,引诱 magnify intensify v.放大;强化3maintain preserve v.维持;坚持3maintain preserve v. 3maintain keep v.  major principal a.主要的;大型的 make possible allow v.允许;使可能 mandate require v.要求 margin edge n.边;边缘2marked pronounce a.明显的;显著的2marked noticeable a.  means method n.方法  merely only ad.仅仅地,只不过 meteoric rapid a.迅速的 meticulously carefully ad.小心地 minuscule tiny a.很小的;微小的 minute tiny a.微小的;细微的 modifying changing v.修改;变化 momentarily effortlessly ad.即刻 monopolize dominate v.独占;占优势2moreover furthermore ad.此外;另外2moreover in addition ad.  motif design n.图案;花纹 mundane ordinary a.世俗的;普通的 myriad many a.许多的;无数的 nascent immature a.新生的;初生的 necissitate require v.使需要;使成为必需 nevertheless however ad.然而;仍然 norm standard n.标准 note observe v.注意到 notice announce v.宣告,通告2notwithstanding despite prep.尽管2notwithstanding in spite of prep.  noxious harmful a.有害的;有毒的3obtain get v.获得;取得3obtain acquire v. 3obtain acquire v.  obvious apparent a.明显的;显而易见的 on the threshold of at the start of 在……的起点;开端 optimal best a.最佳的 ornate elaborate a.华丽的 oscillate swing v.来回摇摆;犹豫不决 outbreak beginning n.爆发;开始 outline summarizing v.总结;概括 outstanding excellent a.杰出的;显著的 over great distances faraway a.遥远之处 oversee supervise v.检查;监督 overtake surpass v.赶上,超越 partitioning division n.分割, 划分 peak maximum a.最高的;高峰的 peculiar strange a.奇特的 penetrate go through v.穿透;透过 people in the play actor n.演员;剧中人物 periphery outer edge n.外围 permeate spread through v.渗透;透过 persist continue v.持续 personal magnetism charisma n.个人魅力 pertinent relevant a.有关的 phenomena event n.现象;事件 pick up follow v.寻找;寻路 picture imagine v.想像 pit hole n.坑;洼地 plunge drop n./v.投入,陷入 ponderous heavy a.笨重的 pore hole n.毛孔;细孔 position job n.职位;职务 postulate suggest v.假定;要求 potential possible a.潜在的;可能的 precarious uncertain a.不稳定的 precise accurate a.精确的 prefer favor v.偏好;喜欢 preside manage v.负责;统辖 presumably probably ad.大概 prevailed dominated v.成功,统治2prevailing most frequent a.盛行的;流行的;占优势的2prevailing dominant a.  prevent avoid v.制止;阻止 primarily chiefly ad.主要地 primary fundamental a.基本的;初步的 prime principal a.主要的;首要的 primitive undeveloped a.原始的, 远古的 prior to preceding a.在先;居前 prized valued a.贵重的2probe explore v.探察2probe explore v.  produce butter n.产物;产品2prolific productive a.多产的2prolific fruitful a.  prolonged extended a.持续久的;长时期的2prominent distinguished a.显著的;卓越的;著名的2prominent famous a.  proponent supporter n.支持者 prototype model n.原型;范例 protrude project v.突出;伸出 provision supply v.提供……以必需品 pry off locate v.查找 puncture pierce v.刺穿;刺破 pursue chase v.追赶 raise rear v.饲养;养育 random unpredictable a.不可知的 rapidity swiftness n.迅速 rare infrequent a.稀有的;罕见的 rather instead ad.相反;相反地 rather than instead of 而不是 readily easily ad.容易地2realization awareness n.认识;意识2realization recognition n.  reap accept v.收获;接受 rear raise v.培养;饲养 reckless irresponsible a.不负责任的 recorded documented a.已纪录的 recruit enlist v.征募;补充 refreshing unusual a.清新的;清爽的 regardless of no matter what a.不管 relate connect v.相关;关联 reliance dependence n.依靠 remarkable significant a.异常的;非凡的 representative typical a.典型的2resemble be similar to v.相似;类似2resemble appear similar to v.  resolve find a solution for v.解决 resort to using v.采用 revered respected v.尊敬 revise change v.修正;改造 revitalize bring new life to v.新生 robust strong a.强健的;坚强的 roll back reduce v.压低;减少2rotate alternate v.轮流;更迭2rotate turn v.  rotting decaying v.腐烂 roughly approximately ad.概略地;大约 rudimentary undeveloped a.原始的;简单的 rupture burst v.破裂;裂开 rushing rapid a.急流的 sanitation health n.卫生;健康状态 saturate soak v.浸透;饱和 saying two oppositethingsparadox n.悖论;隽语 scale measure n./v.刻度/测量 scattered irrgularlydistributeda.离散的;分散的 scarce rare a.稀有的 scarcely barely ad.稀缺;珍贵 scope extent n.范围 scorched burned v.烧焦 score musicalcompositionsn.乐谱 scurrying rushing v.急赶2secure acquire v.获得;取得2secure safe ad.安全的 sedentary inactive a.不移栖的 sentiment opinion n.意见;观点 serve as function as v.充当;担任 set establish v.确定;安置 settle decide v.决定;解决 settled stabled a.固定的 severe poverty indigence n.贫困;赤贫2shield protect v.保护;避开 significance importance n.意义;重要性 significant meaningful a.有重要意义的 site location n.地点;场所 skepticism doubt n.怀疑主义;怀疑态度 sketch draw v.速写;素描 skilled expert a.熟练的;擅长的 skyrocket increase rapidly v.猛涨,突增 sleep briefly nap n.小睡;打盹 smooth operation effectivefunctioning snap break v.折断;拉断2sole only a.唯一的;独一的2sole only a.  solemn serious a.严肃的;庄重的 sort out separate v.挑选出 source basis n.根源;水源;根本 source of energy fuel n.能源;燃料 spanning covering v.包含 spark bring about v.激发;发动 spawn create v.酝酿;引起 speculate hypothesize v.推测;假设 staggering overwhelming a.压倒的;压倒之势的 standard customary a.标准的 standing not flowing a.停滞的;不流动的2staple popular edition n.主要成分;流行的东西2staple basic element n.  stimulate encourage v.激发;促进 storey level n.楼层;层 strain stress v.拉紧,重压 strength basis n.实力;基础 stress emphasize v.强调 striking noticeable a.显著的;惊人的 strikingly noticeablely ad.显著地;惊人地 stringent strict a.严格的;严厉的 strip remove v.除去:剥去 struggle competition n.竞争 stunning impressive a.令人印象深刻的 subject susceptible a.易受影响的;遭受影响的 subjugated conquered v.征服 subscribe to agree with v.同意 subsequent later a.后来的 subsidize finance v.资助;赞助 subsidy finance n.补助金;补贴 succinct concise a.简洁的;简练的  sufficient adequate a.足够的;充足的 suitably appropriately ad.适宜地 sumptuous luxurious a.豪华的;奢侈的 sums amounts n.和2supplant replace v.取代;替代2supplement extension n.补充;补遗2supplement add to v.补充,增加 support hold v.支持;支撑 supposedly seemingly ad.想象地;表面上 supremacy dominance n.至高无上;支配地位 supreme most outstanding a.最大的;极度的 surge increase sharply v.急剧增加 surging accelerating a.高涨的;跃进的 suspend hang v.挂;悬挂 sustain support v.支撑 sweep extend v.扫过:伸展;逶迤 symmetrical proportionallybalanceda.对称的;匀称的 tangled twisted together a.混乱的 technically officially ad.学术上;正式地 telling challenging a.有效的;有力的 teeming with full of a.充满;富于 tempting attractive a.诱人的 tend care for v.照顾,照料 testimony to evidence of n.证据;证明 thanks to because of n.由于;多亏 thereby by that means  think highly admire v.钦佩;羡慕2thrive grow well v.繁荣;兴旺2thrive flourish v.  thwart frustrate v.妨碍;使挫折 tolerate endure v.忍受;忍耐 trace imprint n.痕迹;遗迹 transform change v.转换;改变 transition change v.转变;过渡 trend tendency n.趋势;趋向 typify characterize v.代表,表现2ultimately eventually ad.最后2ultimately in the end ad.  unchronicled unrecorded a.未记录的3undergo experience v.经历 3undergo experienced v. 3undergo experienced v.  underscore emphasize v.强调 underwater craft submarine n.潜水艇 undoubtedly certainly ad.的确地2unique particular a.独特的;非凡的2unique singular a. 2unprecedented never seen before a.空前的2unprecedented not existing before a.  unravel discover v.解开;阐明 unrestricted unlimited a.无限制的;自由的 unsubstantiated unverified a.未证实的;未核实的 urged encouraged v.催促,鼓励 usher begin v.引导;开始 various different a.不同的 vary differ v.变化;改变2vast large a.巨大的;大量的;广阔的2vast great a.  venture endeavor n.冒险;冒险行动 version form n.版本;形式 very closely intimately ad.亲密;密切 vestige evidence n.遗迹;残余 virtually completely n.实质地 want to much greedy a.贪婪的;贪心的 whether if conj.是否 wider more extensive a.宽广的 witness observe v.目睹;目击2yield provide v.产生;出产;生长;产生效果2yield produce v. 。

中石油托福词汇题

中石油托福词汇题

实用文档VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.(A) lived(B) died(C) hunted(D) fed2. Algae vary in their capacity to tolerate salinity changes.(A) desire(B) ability(C) effort(D) purpose3. Most classical music is recorded in studios where minimal extraneous sounds and distractions are likely to occur.(A) reliable(B) complementary(C) the loudest(D) the fewest4. Voted the most valuable player of the National League in 1949, baseball player Jackie Robinson also received a gold medal that year for his role in bettering race relations.(A) improving(B) discussing(C) evaluating(D) bartering5. Although great strides in agricultural technology have resulted in massive production increases, weather remains an important limitation.(A) abrupt(B) enormous(C) long-term(D) overdue6. The American dancer Loie Fuller used perfume to create special effects during her performances.(A) dim lights(B) strange music(C) darkness(D) scent7. The circulatory system helps dispose of wastes that would harm the body if they accumulated.(A) catch up with(B) bear up under(C) get rid of(D) run out of8. The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has risen steadily since television sets were introduces in the 1950's.(A) discreetly(B) consistently(C) automatically(D) disproportionately9. In 1896 George Washington Carver became director of the Department of Agricultural Research at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, a position he retained for the rest of his life.(A) expanded(B) managed(C) cherished(D) kept10. Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928.(A) finally(B) accidentally(C) experimentally(D) opportunely11. Lamp filaments are made from tungsten, a strong metal that can hold up under high temperatures without melting.(A) reduce(B) withstand(C) illuminate(D) reflect12. The junior college has become a significant component in the expansion of educational opportunities in the United States since the Second World War.(A) force(B) element(C) concept(D) academy13. During their winter hibernation period, bears doze.(A) sleep lightly(B) lose fur(C) go hungry(D) have babies14. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that can cause cancer if inhaled.(A) picked up(B) taken indoors(C) breathed in(D) eaten up15. Known as "The First Lady of Song." Ella Fitzgerald got her start as a professional singer when she won a contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem in 1934.(A) an award(B) an argument(C) a competition(D) a contract16. Chromium is a comparatively scarce element, occurring in nature only in compounds.(A) complex(B) strong(C) hard(D) rare17. Many photographers prefer to take pictures at twilight, when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.(A) at dusk(B) at noon(C) in the spring(D) in the fall18. The climate of the Middle Atlantic region of the United States varies with the altitude and land surface.(A) ocean waves(B) humidity(C) wind direction(D) elevation19. Since the Second World War, most urban growth in the United States has occurred on the outskirts of existing metropolitan areas.(A) in the counties(B) on the edges(C) on the streets(D) at the intersections20. A recent study concluded that unstable weather patterns may cause migraine headaches.(A) unforeseen(B) variable(C) violent(D) unusual21. Janet Guthrie was the first woman to compete in the Indianapolis 500, the most prestigious automobile race in the United States.(A) fastest(B) wealthiest(C) most honored(D) most dangerous22. Logrolling is a sport in which contestants perform various maneuvers while treading on a floating log.(A) speeches(B) duties(C) marches(D) moves23. The reproductive potential of aphids is unmatched in the insect world.(A) unqualified(B) unrecognized(C) underestimated(D) unequaled24. The boom in silver production after 1860 spurred the use of innovative machinery in crafting silver flatware and vessels.(A) stimulated(B) allowed(C) required(D) accompanied25. Barbara Reed, a probation officer in Ohio, tried to climinate overly sweet foods from probationers’ diets in order to temper their antisocial behavior.(A) explain(B) moderate(C) do away with(D) learn about26. If roundworms are removed from the soil and placed in a liquid, they thrash helplessly around.(A) carelessly(B) tirelessly(C) powerlessly(D) heartlessly27. H.L.Mencken's sardonic prose left an indelible mark on the English language.(A) an unrivaled(B) an unmistakable(C) a pretentious(D) a permanent28. In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insightthrough the use of such devices as questionnaires.(A) access(B) credibility(C) publicity(D) understanding29. After his military defeat in 1865, Robert E. Lee entreated the people of the South to work for national harmony.(A) warned(B) urged(C) commanded(D) recruited30. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality.(A) especially(B) actually(C) mainly(D) alwaysVOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. In addition to being organs of hearing our ears assist us in maintaining our sense of balance.(A) Without(B) Instead of(C) Besides(D) In contrast to2. British Columbia's first gold rush was followed directly by the discovery of gold in eastern Canada.(A) secretly(B) importantly(C) smoothly(D) immediately3. The scientist and agricultural innovator George Washington Carver aided the economy of the South by developing hundreds of commercial uses for crops such as the peanut.(A) restored(B) stabilized(C) helped(D) changed4. Although best known for his political writing, reformer W. E. B.Du Bois also produced noteworthy fiction and poetry.(A) musical(B) unnoticed(C) extensive(D) significant5. The Mandan Indians lived beside the Missouri River where they cultivated fields of beans, corn, squash, sunflowers, and tobacco.(A) surveyed(B) farmed(C) irrigated(D) discovered6. Copper is commonly alloyed with zinc to make brass.(A) mixed(B) beaten(C) layered(D) heated7. Colorful parades were commonly organized on the frontier to display newly arrived merchandise.(A) cavalry mops(B) objects for sale(C) immigrants to the West(D) circus shows8. Europeans established permanent colonies on the eastern shores of what is now the United States t hroughout the seventeenth century.(A)during(B) before(C) up until(D) just after9. The Atlantic trade winds and the belt of calms between them shift northward and southward with the seasons.(A) intensify(B) twist(C) move(D) rush10. Eudora Welty's stories deal with life in the rural South.(A) criticize(B) elevate(C) concern(D) ridicule11. Boston owes some of its economic success to its outstanding public transportation network.(A) busy(B) scenic(C) remarkable(D) gigantic12. In 1973 Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 50,100-word novel Gadsby without once using the letter "e"(A) simply(B) ever(C) at once(D) at first13. Caused by an ascorbic acid deficiency, scurvy was a serious humana affliction until fairly recent times(A) attribute(B) notion(C) situation(D) problem14. Because light travels more quickly than sound, a rumble of thunder never precedes a bolt of lightning.(A) follows(B) accompanies(C) brings about(D) comes before15. Inuits depend mainly on fishing and hunting for their sustenance.(A) training(B) luxuries(C) recreation(D) livelihood16. Long acclaimed as one of the world's leading sopranos. Beverly Sills retired from her singing career to become artistic directorof the New York City Opera.(A) principal(B) versatile(C) imposing(D) demanding17. Under proper conditions an iceboat can actually travel faster than the presuming breech.(A) suitable(B) unlikely(C) various(D) windy18. Swallows nest in barns, sheds, chunneys and other secluded places.(A) isolated(B) high(C) comfortable(D) rural19. The harpsichord, developed during the Middle Ages, was one of the forerunners of the piano.(A) competitors(B) imitators(C) predecessors(D) offspring20. Geneticist Barbara McClintock discovered that genes, which prescribe the function of cells in plants and animals, can move in unpredictable ways.(A) inhibit(B) mimic(C) alter(D) dictate21. Artists of the school of New Realism deliberately avoid expressing what they feel or think about the subject of their paintings.(A) subtly(B) actually(C) consistently(D) intentionally22. Citizens of foreign countries who hold certificates of deposit in Canadian banks are responsible for paying the Canadian government a tax on their investment earnings.(A) revenue(B) commission(C) product(D) banking23. In the Nothern Hemisphere, summer days are considerably longer than winter days.(A) above all(B) very much(C) in a way(D) on the whole24. In the 1400's artists often created their own pigments by pulverizing semiprecious stones.(A) washing color from(B)making a powder of(C) imitating colors of(D) brushing dust from25. The genetic material DNA contains coded information for the synthesis of proteins.(A) analysis(B) formation(C) absorption(D) functioning26. Cosmologists are more concerned with the origin and evolution of the universe than with the composition of the planets and stars.(A) interaction(B) background(C) outlook(D) make-up27. Gorillas build make-shift-hit nests each night after a day of foraging for leaves and beetles.(A) erode temporary(B) wide strong(C) skillfully camouflaged(D) individually tailored28. Until about A. D. 1400 iron was invariably smelted by the direct or bloomery process.(A) cheaply(B) rapidly(C) always(D) seldom29. For centuries before the first astronomers' probings, the Sun had been viewed only as a deity and was therefore not often the subject of scientific study.(A) a satellite(B) a god(C) an illusion(D) a planet30. Most of the great mountain systems now in existence developed fairly late in geologic history.(A) equally(B) somewhat(C) decidedly(D) altogether。

中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年08月

中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年08月
答案:B 测试点;主语/动名词。分析:由单数系动词 is 可以推知 materials 不是主语,主语缺,而 into 又提示了此主语应具有动作 性, 故选(B)动名词 transforming.动名词短语作主语要求其谓语 为单数形式.
7. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf ---of the telephone. (A) than inventing (B) than as the inventor (C) the invention (D) as the inventor 8. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary --- associated with the idea of remembrance. (A) and becomes (B) became (C) becoming (D) to become 9. --- that of iron construction, the technology for constructing buildings with reinforced concrete developed rather rapidly. (A) Dissimilar (B) Different (C) Not likely (D) Unlike 10. Although adult education in the United States began in colonial times, --- chief growth has taken place since the 1920’ s. (A) its (B) so it (C) but its (D) it is 11. Hot objects emit --- do cold objects. (A) rays more than infrared (B) rays are more infrared than (C) more than infrared rays (D) more infrared rays than 12. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately --- from Marathon to Athens. (A) the distance is (B) that the distance is (C) is that the distance (D) the distance

(精)中石油模拟托福

(精)中石油模拟托福

听力50题:短对话30题、长对话8题(2篇)、短文12题(3篇)。

——35min 语法40题:单选15题,找错25题。

——35min 阅读50题,5篇文章。

——50min
短对话:听到什么不选什么。

长对话和短文:听到什么选什么。

语法:拿分题。

阅读:先读问题,再读原文每一段首尾句。

难易交叉,平均时间。

听力50题,30个短对话,4-5篇短文,短文只读1遍,建议前30个听,后面放弃直接蒙,节约时间做后面的题,要不时间有点紧。

语法40题,15个单选,25个找错,拿分题,建议多下功夫。

阅读50题,5篇文章,前面2篇很简单,后面3篇有点难度。

个人经验,多在语法和阅读上下功夫,阅读错10个以内,语法5个以内,听力全部蒙也差不多能过500。

托福阅读tpo4PetroleumResources石油资源原题解析

托福阅读tpo4PetroleumResources石油资源原题解析

托福阅读tpo4PetroleumResources石油资源原题解析阅读原文:Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.石油是由原油和天然气组成,似乎都源自于海洋的有机物沉淀。

微小的有机物沉积到海底并堆聚在海泥里,有机物会局部分解,消耗沉淀里的溶解氧,当氧气消耗殆尽分解便停止,留下剩余的有机物。

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom —buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.持续的沉积——堆积物沉积到海底的过程将有机物埋在海底使之受到海底温度、高压的影响,最终转变成石油和天然气。

中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年01月

中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年01月

1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A)A(B)It is a(C)Although a(D)There is a2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A)such(B)more(C)as(D)than3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A)it grows(B)what grows(C)does it grow(D)what does it grow4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to make steel.(A)bridge-building(B)building of bridges(C)building a bridge(D)bridges are built5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A)Contrary to general belief(B)General belief contrary to(C)Belief contrary to general(D)Contrary belief general to6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.(A)Barbara Jordan’s campaign being(B)Barbara Jordan campaigned(C)Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D)Barbara Jordan campaigning7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A)are influenced(B)be influenced(C)influencing(D)influence8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ---is equal to the probability that it will not occur.(A)occurs(B)will occur(C)can occur(D)occurring9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle of capillary action.(A)All lamps early(B)Lamps all early(C)All early lamps(D)Early all lamps10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”1。

托福阅读素材之石油资源

托福阅读素材之石油资源

托福阅读素材之石油资源Petroleum Resources石油资源1.Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.段落梗概:石油和天然气都是来自海底的有机物沉淀。

部分有机物分解,部分沉积。

2.Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settli ng on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.段落梗概:持续的沉积——堆积物沉积到海底的过程将有机物埋在海底使之受到海底温度、高压的影响,最终转变成石油和天然气。

中石油职称英语语法及词汇

中石油职称英语语法及词汇

1. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't make out what color it was.2. The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually make jobs easier to do.3. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been exposed 。

4. Mr. Morgan can be very sad in private _, though in public he is extremely cheerful.5 . You should throw away__ these tables and buy new ones.6. _ In regard to _ their suggestions, we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.7. The medicine which the doctor gave her can only relieve _ 'her temporarily from pain.8. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with naked _ eye.9. Many new _ opportunities _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.10. The weather is highly _ variable _ at this time of the year and it is hard to know what to wear.11. When you go to a new country, you must _ adapt _ yourself to new manners and customs.12. I found myself completely carried away by his vivid performance.13. These safety measures will result in _ the reduction of accidents.14. Some discussion has _ arisen _ about who should be put in charge of this project.15. _ In the light of _ these changes we must revise our plan.16. Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success encouraged him in his later s tudy.17. More and more cheaper materials are being_ substituted _ for the better, more expensive kind in production.18. We are taking _ up __ a collection to buy flowers for John because he is in the hospital.19. This is _ by no means __ the first time you have been late.20. The taxi had to pull up because the traffic light had turned red.II. Grammatical Structure21. So frightened was the girl __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.22. It was not until then that I came to know that knowledge comes from practice.23. Everything depends on _ whether _ we have enough time.24. I'd just as soon you didn't speak __ rudely to her.25. While you may be right, 1 can't altogether agree.26.--I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _ throwing up _--I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You'd better eat at home.27. His response was _ such _ that he didn't say yes and he didn't say no.28. There being nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.29. I went to my adviser to ask him what courses _ to take。

(可直接使用)中石油托福词汇题.doc

(可直接使用)中石油托福词汇题.doc

VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.(A) lived(B) died(C) hunted(D) fed2. Algae vary in their capacity to tolerate salinity changes.(A) desire(B) ability(C) effort(D) purpose3. Most classical music is recorded in studios where minimal extraneous sounds and distractions are likely to occur.(A) reliable(B) complementary(C) the loudest(D) the fewest4. Voted the most valuable player of the National League in 1949, baseball player Jackie Robinson also received a gold medal that year for his role in bettering race relations.(A) improving(B) discussing(C) evaluating(D) bartering5. Although great strides in agricultural technology have resulted in massive production increases, weather remains an important limitation.(A) abrupt(B) enormous(C) long-term(D) overdue6. The American dancer Loie Fuller used perfume to create special effects during her performances.(A) dim lights(B) strange music(C) darkness(D) scent7. The circulatory system helps dispose of wastes that would harm the body if they accumulated.(A) catch up with(B) bear up under(C) get rid of(D) run out of8. The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has risen steadily since television sets were introduces in the 1950's.(A) discreetly(B) consistently(C) automatically(D) disproportionately9. In 1896 George Washington Carver became director of the Department of Agricultural Research at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, a position he retained for the rest of his life.(A) expanded(B) managed(C) cherished(D) kept10. Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928.(A) finally(B) accidentally(C) experimentally(D) opportunely11. Lamp filaments are made from tungsten, a strong metal that can hold up under high temperatures without melting.(A) reduce(B) withstand(C) illuminate(D) reflect12. The junior college has become a significant component in the expansion of educational opportunities in the United States since the Second World War.(A) force(B) element(C) concept(D) academy13. During their winter hibernation period, bears doze.(A) sleep lightly(B) lose fur(C) go hungry(D) have babies14. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that can cause cancer if inhaled.(A) picked up(B) taken indoors(C) breathed in(D) eaten up15. Known as "The First Lady of Song." Ella Fitzgerald got her start as a professional singer when she won a contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem in 1934.(A) an award(B) an argument(C) a competition(D) a contract16. Chromium is a comparatively scarce element, occurring in nature only in compounds.(A) complex(B) strong(C) hard(D) rare17. Many photographers prefer to take pictures at twilight, when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.(A) at dusk(B) at noon(C) in the spring(D) in the fall18. The climate of the Middle Atlantic region of the United States varies with the altitude and land surface.(A) ocean waves(B) humidity(C) wind direction(D) elevation19. Since the Second World War, most urban growth in the United States has occurred on the outskirts of existing metropolitan areas.(A) in the counties(B) on the edges(C) on the streets(D) at the intersections20. A recent study concluded that unstable weather patterns may cause migraine headaches.(A) unforeseen(B) variable(C) violent(D) unusual21. Janet Guthrie was the first woman to compete in the Indianapolis 500, the most prestigious automobile race in the United States.(A) fastest(B) wealthiest(C) most honored(D) most dangerous22. Logrolling is a sport in which contestants perform various maneuvers while treading on a floating log.(A) speeches(B) duties(C) marches(D) moves23. The reproductive potential of aphids is unmatched in the insect world.(A) unqualified(B) unrecognized(C) underestimated(D) unequaled24. The boom in silver production after 1860 spurred the use of innovative machinery in crafting silver flatware and vessels.(A) stimulated(B) allowed(C) required(D) accompanied25. Barbara Reed, a probation officer in Ohio, tried to climinate overly sweet foods from probationers’ diets in order to temper their antisocial behavior.(A) explain(B) moderate(C) do away with(D) learn about26. If roundworms are removed from the soil and placed in a liquid, they thrash helplessly around.(A) carelessly(B) tirelessly(C) powerlessly(D) heartlessly27. H.L.Mencken's sardonic prose left an indelible mark on the English language.(A) an unrivaled(B) an unmistakable(C) a pretentious(D) a permanent28. In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insightthrough the use of such devices as questionnaires.(A) access(B) credibility(C) publicity(D) understanding29. After his military defeat in 1865, Robert E. Lee entreated the people of the South to work for national harmony.(A) warned(B) urged(C) commanded(D) recruited30. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality.(A) especially(B) actually(C) mainly(D) alwaysVOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. In addition to being organs of hearing our ears assist us in maintaining our sense of balance.(A) Without(B) Instead of(C) Besides(D) In contrast to2. British Columbia's first gold rush was followed directly by the discovery of gold in eastern Canada.(A) secretly(B) importantly(C) smoothly(D) immediately3. The scientist and agricultural innovator George Washington Carver aided the economy of the South by developing hundreds of commercial uses for crops such as the peanut.(A) restored(B) stabilized(C) helped(D) changed4. Although best known for his political writing, reformer W. E. B.Du Bois also produced noteworthy fiction and poetry.(A) musical(B) unnoticed(C) extensive(D) significant5. The Mandan Indians lived beside the Missouri River where they cultivated fields of beans, corn, squash, sunflowers, and tobacco.(A) surveyed(B) farmed(C) irrigated(D) discovered6. Copper is commonly alloyed with zinc to make brass.(A) mixed(B) beaten(C) layered(D) heated7. Colorful parades were commonly organized on the frontier to display newly arrived merchandise.(A) cavalry mops(B) objects for sale(C) immigrants to the West(D) circus shows8. Europeans established permanent colonies on the eastern shores of what is now the United States t hroughout the seventeenth century.(A)during(B) before(C) up until(D) just after9. The Atlantic trade winds and the belt of calms between them shift northward and southward with the seasons.(A) intensify(B) twist(C) move(D) rush10. Eudora Welty's stories deal with life in the rural South.(A) criticize(B) elevate(C) concern(D) ridicule11. Boston owes some of its economic success to its outstanding public transportation network.(A) busy(B) scenic(C) remarkable(D) gigantic12. In 1973 Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 50,100-word novel Gadsby without once using the letter "e"(A) simply(B) ever(C) at once(D) at first13. Caused by an ascorbic acid deficiency, scurvy was a serious humana affliction until fairly recent times(A) attribute(B) notion(C) situation(D) problem14. Because light travels more quickly than sound, a rumble of thunder never precedes a bolt of lightning.(A) follows(B) accompanies(C) brings about(D) comes before15. Inuits depend mainly on fishing and hunting for their sustenance.(A) training(B) luxuries(C) recreation(D) livelihood16. Long acclaimed as one of the world's leading sopranos. Beverly Sills retired from her singing career to become artistic directorof the New York City Opera.(A) principal(B) versatile(C) imposing(D) demanding17. Under proper conditions an iceboat can actually travel faster than the presuming breech.(A) suitable(B) unlikely(C) various(D) windy18. Swallows nest in barns, sheds, chunneys and other secluded places.(A) isolated(B) high(C) comfortable(D) rural19. The harpsichord, developed during the Middle Ages, was one of the forerunners of the piano.(A) competitors(B) imitators(C) predecessors(D) offspring20. Geneticist Barbara McClintock discovered that genes, which prescribe the function of cells in plants and animals, can move in unpredictable ways.(A) inhibit(B) mimic(C) alter(D) dictate21. Artists of the school of New Realism deliberately avoid expressing what they feel or think about the subject of their paintings.(A) subtly(B) actually(C) consistently(D) intentionally22. Citizens of foreign countries who hold certificates of deposit in Canadian banks are responsible for paying the Canadian government a tax on their investment earnings.(A) revenue(B) commission(C) product(D) banking23. In the Nothern Hemisphere, summer days are considerably longer than winter days.(A) above all(B) very much(C) in a way(D) on the whole24. In the 1400's artists often created their own pigments by pulverizing semiprecious stones.(A) washing color from(B)making a powder of(C) imitating colors of(D) brushing dust from25. The genetic material DNA contains coded information for the synthesis of proteins.(A) analysis(B) formation(C) absorption(D) functioning26. Cosmologists are more concerned with the origin and evolution of the universe than with the composition of the planets and stars.(A) interaction(B) background(C) outlook(D) make-up27. Gorillas build make-shift-hit nests each night after a day of foraging for leaves and beetles.(A) erode temporary(B) wide strong(C) skillfully camouflaged(D) individually tailored28. Until about A. D. 1400 iron was invariably smelted by the direct or bloomery process.(A) cheaply(B) rapidly(C) always(D) seldom29. For centuries before the first astronomers' probings, the Sun had been viewed only as a deity and was therefore not often the subject of scientific study.(A) a satellite(B) a god(C) an illusion(D) a planet30. Most of the great mountain systems now in existence developed fairly late in geologic history.(A) equally(B) somewhat(C) decidedly(D) altogether。

中石油职称英语考试大纲词汇-单词部分

中石油职称英语考试大纲词汇-单词部分

a/anart.一,—个;任何—个,每一;n.字母Aabandonn.放任,狂热;vt.放弃,遗弃abilityn.能力,才干ableadj.能…的,有才能的,能干的,能够的abnormaladj.反常的,变态的aboardadv.prep.在船(飞机、车)上,上船(飞机、车)aboutadv.附近,大约,转向,左右,周围;prep.在附近,关于,在…周围,忙于aboveadj.上面的,上述的,上文的;adv.在上面;prep.在…上方,过于,超出abroadadv.往国外,海外,到处,广泛,差得远,心里没有谱absencen.不在场,缺席,缺乏,没有absentadj.不在的,缺席的,缺少的;vt.缺席absoluteadj.完全的,绝对的,纯粹的,肯定的absolutelyadv.完全地,绝对地,纯粹地,肯定地absorbvt.吸收,吸引,使专心abstractadj.抽象的,理论上的,难解的;n.摘要,抽象物,提取物;vt.摘要,使抽象化,提取,抽取abundantadj.丰富的,充裕的,丰富,盛产,富于abusen.滥用,虐待,辱骂,陋习,弊端;v.滥用,辱骂academicadj.学院的,理论的,学术性的;n.大学教师,学者academyn.(高等)专科院校,研究院,学会,学院acceleratev.加速,促进accelerationn.加速度accentn.重音,口音,腔调,重音符acceptvi.同意,承认;vt.接受,认可,承担,承兑acceptableadj.可接受的,合意的acceptancen.接受,承认,赞同,认可,承兑accessn.通路,访问,入门;vt.存取,接近accessoryadj.附属的,补充的,副的,同谋的;n.附件,零件,附加物,从犯,同谋者accidentn.意外事件,事故accidentaladj.意外的,偶然的,附属的accommodatevt.供应,供给,使适应,调节,和解,向…提供住宿,容纳,调和;vi.适应accommodationn.住处,膳宿,(车,船,飞机等的)预订铺位,(眼睛等的)适应性调节,(社会集团间的)迁就融合accompanyvt.陪伴,伴奏accomplishvt.完成,达到,实现accordn.一致,符合,调和,协定;vt.一致,给予;vi.符合accordancen.一致,和谐accordinglyadv.因此,从而,相应地accountn.账目,报道,客户,理由;vi.说明,认为,得分;vt.认为accumulatev.积聚,堆积accuracyn.精确性,正确度accurateadj.正确的,精确的accusevt.控告,谴责,非难accustomvt.习惯于accustomedadj.通常的,习惯的,按照风俗习惯的achen.疼痛;vi.觉得疼痛,渴望achievevt.完成,达到achievementn.成就,功绩acidadj.酸的,讽刺的,刻薄的;n.[化]酸,(俚)迷幻药acknowledgevt.承认,答谢,告知收到(某物)acquaintancen.相识,熟人acquirevt.获得,学到acren.英亩acrossadv.横过,交叉地,在对面;prep.越过,交叉,在…的那边,在…对面那边actn.法案,法令,动作,举动,节目,(戏剧的)一幕;vi.行动,产生…的效果,担当,表演,假装,表现,见效;vt.扮演,装作actionn.动作,作用,战斗,行动,举动,行为,(戏剧或书中)的情节,诉讼activatev.刺激,使活动,激活,使产生放射性activeadj.积极的,有活动能力的,[语法]主动的;n.[语法]主动语态activityn.活跃,活动性,行动,行为,[核]放射性actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actualadj.实际的,真实的actuallyadv.实际上,事实上acuteadj.敏锐的,严重的,灵敏的,[医.]急性的ad n.广告adaptvi.适应;vt.使适应,改编addvi.加,增添,做加法;vt.增加,添加,计算…总和,补充说additionn.加,加起来,增加物,另外,加法additionaladj.另外的,附加的,额外的additiveadj.附加的,加成的,添加的;n.添加剂addressn.地址,演讲vt.向…致辞,演说,写姓名地址,称呼adequateadj.适当的,足够的,可以胜任的adhere[ad'hia]vt.粘附,胶着,坚持adjacentadj.邻近的,接近的adjustvt.调整,调节,校准,使适合adjustmentn.调整,调节administrationn.管理,经营,施政,行政部门admirev.赞美,钦佩,羡慕admissionn.允许进入,承认,供认,入场费admitv.容许,承认,接纳adoptvt.采用,收养,采纳adultadj.成人的,成熟的;n.成年人advancen.前进,提升,预付款;v.前进,提前,预付;adj.前面的,预先的advancedadj.高级的,年老的,先进的advantagen.优势,有利条件,利益adventuren.冒险,冒险的经历;v.冒险adverbn.副词adverseadj.不利的,敌对的,相反的advertisev.做广告,登广告,宣扬advertisementn.广告advicen.忠告,建议,[商]通知advisableadj.可取的,明智的advisevt.劝告,忠告,建议advocaten.提倡者,鼓吹者,辩护人;vt.提倡,鼓吹,拥护aeroplanen.飞机affairn.事务,事件,(尤指关系不长久的)风流韵事affectvt.影响,感动,侵袭,假装,爱好affection.友爱,爱情,影响,疾病,倾向affirmv.断言,确认,肯定affordvt.担负得起,买得起,花得起,有能力担负;提供,给予afraidadj.害怕,担心African.非洲Africann.非洲人;adj.非洲的afteradv. prep. conj.在…之后,在…后面,模仿,与…一致,以…命名,后来的,后面的afternoonn.午后,下午afterwardadv.然后,后来againadv.又,再次,此外,再一次againstprep.相反,反对,逆着,靠着,倚着agen.年龄,使用年限,限定年龄,时代;v.变老,上年纪,成熟agencyn.代理处,行销处,代理,中介agentn.代理(商),作用剂,原动力aggressiveadj.好斗的,敢做敢为的,有闯劲的,侵略性的agoadv.以前的,以往的agonyn.苦恼,极大的痛苦agreevi.同意,赞成…的意见,与…一致,承认,适合;vt.同意agreementn.同意,一致,协定,协议agriculturen.农业,农艺,农学aheadadj. adv.在前,向前,提前aidn.帮助,援助,有帮助的事物;vt.资助,援助,帮助aimn.目标,目的,瞄准;v.对…瞄准,打算airn.空气,天空,空中,气氛;vt.晾干,使通风,宣扬,aircraftn.航行器,飞机airlinen.定期航线,航空公司airmailn.航空邮件airplanen.飞机airportn.(美>民用机场,航空站alarmn.警报,惊慌,警告器;vt.恐吓,警告alcoholn.酒精,酒alertadj.提防的,警惕的;n.警惕,警报;v.使…保持警觉alienn.外侨;adj.外国的,相异的,不同的alignvi.排列;vt.使结盟,使成一行alikeadj.相同的,相似的;adv.以同样的方式,类似于aliveadj.活着的,活泼的alladj.全部的,所有的,整个的;adv.完全;n.一切alliedadj.联合的,同盟的,与…同属一系allocatevt.分派,分配allowvt.允许,承认allowancen.津贴,补助,宽容,允许alloyn.合金;vt.使成合金,减低成色almostadv.几乎,差不多aloneadj.单独的,独一无二的,孤独的,独自的;adv.独自地alongadv.往前,向前;prep.顺着,沿着aloudadv.大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyadv.已经alsoadv.也,同样alterv.改变alternateadj.交替的,轮流的,预备的;v.交替,轮流,改变alternativen.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物adj.选择性的,二中择一的alternativelyadv.作为选择,二者选一地althoughconj.虽然,尽管altituden.(尤指海拔)高度,高处(海拔甚高的地方)altogetheradv.完全地,总而言之aluminiumn.[化]铝;adj.铝的alwaysadv.总是,永远,始终amateurn.业余爱好者,业余艺术家amazevt.使吃惊ambitionn.野心,雄心ambulancen.战时流动医院,救护车American.<美)美国,美洲(包括北美和南美洲)Americann.美国人,美洲人;adj.美国的,美洲的amongprep.在…之中,…之一amongstprep.在…中间,在…之中amountn.数量;vt.总计,等于amperen.安培ampleadj.充足的,丰富的amplifyv.放大,增强,扩大amplituden.广阔,丰富,振幅(物理学名词)amusevt.使发笑,使愉快analogousadj.类似的,相似的,可比拟的analogyn.类似,类推analysen.分析;vt.分析,分解analysisn.分析,分解analyticadj.分析的,解析的analyzevt.分析,分解ancestorn.祖先,祖宗anchorn.锚;v.抛锚,锚定ancientadj.远古的,旧的andconj.和,并且,而且,于是,同时,然后,因而angeln.天使,完善可爱的人angern.怒,愤怒;v.恼火anglen.[数]角,角落;vi.钓鱼,曲解,按某一角度转动angryadj.生气的,愤怒的,狂暴的(风雨等)animaln.动物;adj.动物的anklen.[解]踝anniversaryn.周年纪念announcevt.宣布,通告announcern.广播员,告知者,报幕员annoyvt.使苦恼,骚扰annualn.一年生植物,年刊,年鉴;adj.一年一次的,每年的,一年生的anotheradj.另外的,又一,不同的;prep.另一个,另一个人,同类的东西answern.答案,回答,答辩,抗辩;v.回答说,答复说,符合,反响,响应antn.蚂蚁antennan.天线,(动>触角anticipatevt.预期,预见,预订,期望,过早使用,先人一着,占先anxietyn.忧虑,焦急,渴望,热望anxiousadj.观念的,担忧的,渴望的,盼望的anyadj.任何的,任何一种,所有的;pron.无论那一个,任何anybodypron.任何人,重要人物anyhowadv.无论如何,总之anyonepron.任何一个anythingpron.任何事anywayadv.无论如何,总之anywhereadv.无论何处apartadv.分离,分成零件,分别地,分离着apartmentn.(美)公寓住宅,单元住宅,房间apologizevi.道歉,辩白apologyn.(为某种思想,宗教,哲学等)辩解,道歉apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器apparentadj.显然的,外观上的appealn.请求,呼吁,上诉,吸引力,要求;vi.求助,诉请,要求;vt.控诉appearvi.出现,看来,似乎,公开露面,出版,发表appearancen.出现,露面,外貌,外观appendixn.附录,附属品,[解]阑尾appetiten.食欲,胃口,欲望,爱好applen.苹果,似苹果的果实appliancen.用具,器具applicableadj.可适用的,可应用的applicationn.请求,申请,申请表,应用,运用,施用,敷用,应用程序,应用软件applyvt.申请,应用;vi.申请,适用appointvt.约定,指定(时间,地点),任命,委任appointmentn.约会,指定,任命,选派appreciableadj.可感知的,可评估的appreciatevi.增值,涨价;vt.赏识,鉴赏,感激approachn.接近,逼近,走进,方法,步骤,途径,通路;vt.接近,动手处理;vi.靠近appropriateadj.适当的approvaln.赞成,承认,正式批准approvev.赞成,满意,批准,通过approximate adj.近似的,大约的;v.近似,接近approximatelyadv.近似地,大约Apriln.四月(略作Apr)aptadj.易于…的,有…倾向的,灵敏的,灵巧的,适当的Arabianadj.阿拉伯的,阿拉伯人的arbitraryadj.任意的,武断的,独裁的,专断的arcn.弧,弓形,拱archadj.主要的;n.拱门,弓形结构,拱形;v.(使)弯成弓形architecturen.建筑,建筑学,体系机构arean.范围arguevi.争论,辩论;vt.说服argumentn.争论,辩论,论据,论点arisevt.出现,发生,起因于,起来arithmeticn.算术,算法armn.臂,臂状物,衣袖,海湾,武器;vi.武装起来;vt.供给,提供,武装,装备armyn.陆军,军队,大群,大军aroundadv.周围,四周,到处,大约,左右;prep.在…周围,四处arousevi.睡醒;vt.唤醒,唤起,鼓励,引起arrangeyi.筹划,安排;vt.排列,整理,安排,布置,改编arrangementn.排列,安排arrayn.排列,编队,军队,盛装,大批;vt.部署,穿着,排列arrestn.逮捕,拘留;vt.逮捕,拘留,吸引arrival [a'raival]n.到来,到达,到达者arrivevi.到达,抵达arrown.箭,箭头记号artn.艺术,艺术品,技术,巧妙,美术articlen.文章,论文,物品,商品,项目,条款,冠词artificialadj.人造的,假的,非原产地的,虚假的artistn.艺术家,画家artisticadj.艺术的,有美感的,风雅的asadv.同样地,被看作,像;prep.当作;conj.像…一样,如同,当…时,因为,尽管,如此…以致ascendvi.攀登,上升ascertainvt.确定,探知vt.分配,指派,赋值assignmentn.分配,委派,任务,(课外)作业assistvt.援助,帮助assistancen.协助,援助,补助,(英>国家补助assistantadj.辅助的,助理的;n.助手,助教associateadj.副的;n.合作人,同事;vt.使发生联系,使联合;vi.交往,结交associationn.协会,联合,结交,联想assumevt.假定,设想,采取,呈现assumptionn.假定,设想,担任,承当,假装,作态assurancen.确信,断言,保证,担保assurevt.断然地说,确告,保证,担保astonishvt.使惊讶astronautn.太空人,宇航员atprep.在,于,向,对准,在…方面athleten.运动员,运动选手Atlanticadj.大西洋的;n.大西洋atmospheren.大气,空气,气氛atmosphericadj.大气的atomn.原子attachv.缚上,系上,贴上,配属,隶属于attachmentn.附件,附加装置,配属attackn.进攻,攻击,(用语言)抨击,批评,疾病发作,侵袭;vt.攻击,抨击,动手处理(某事);vi.攻击attainv.达到,获得;到达attemptn.努力,尝试,企图;vt.尝试,企图attendvi.专心于,留意;vt.出席,参加,照顾,护理,注意attendantn.服务员;adj.伴随的,服侍的,附带的attentionn.注意,关心,关注,注意力,(口令)立正!attentiveadj.注意的,专心的,留意的attituden.姿势,态度,看法,意见attractvi.有吸引力,引起注意;vt.吸引attractionn.吸引,吸引力,吸引人的事物attractiveadj.吸引人的,有魅力的attributen.属性,品质,特征;vt.加于,把…归于,归因于…audiencen.听众,观众,接见,拜见Augustn.八月(略作Aug)august口巧.令人敬畏的,威严的auntn.姑妈,伯母,舅妈,阿姨auraladj.听觉的Australian.澳洲,澳大利亚Australianadj.澳洲的,澳大利亚的,澳大利亚人的;n.澳大利亚人authorn.作家,创造者authorityn.权威,威信,权威人士,权力,职权,典据,著作权威automaticadj.自动的,无意识的,机械的;n.自动机械automationn.自动控制,自动操作automobilen.(美>汽车(=(英) motorcar,car)autumnn.秋天,成熟期,渐衰期auxiliaryadj.辅助的,补助的;n.辅助者,助手availableadj.可用到的,可利用的,有用的,有空的,接受探访的avenuen.林荫道,大街,方法,途径,路averageadj.一般的,通常的,平均的;n.平均,平均水平,平均数;vi.买进,卖出;vt.平均为,均分,使平衡,达到平均水平aviationn.飞行,航空,航空学,航空术avoidvt.避免,消除awaitvt.等候awakeadj.警觉的,醒着的,意识到;vi.醒,觉醒领会,觉悟;vt.唤醒awardn.奖,奖品;vt.授予,判给awareadj.知道的,明白的,意识到的awayadv.在远处,到远处,离去awfuladj.可怕的,威严的,(口)极度的,糟糕的awfullyadv非常,很,十分awkwardadj.难使用的,笨拙的axn.斧头,战斧;vt.削减axisn.轴B.C.adj.公元前babyn.婴孩backadj.后面的,在后面,已过去的;adv.向后地;n.背部,后面;v.后退,支持backgroundn.背景,后台,不重要或不引人注目的地方或位置backwardadv.adj.向后地(的),相反地(的),追溯,退步,由好变坏bacterian.细菌badadj.劣质的,有害的,坏的,不利的,不健康的,严重的badgen.徽章,证章badlyadv.严重地,恶劣地badminton n.羽毛球bafflevt.困惑,阻碍,为难;n.隔板bagn.袋子,猎获物baggagenn行李,[军]辎重bakev.烘焙,烤,烧硬balancen.秤,天平,平衡,[商]收支差额,结余,余额,资产平衡表;v.平衡,称,权衡,对比,结算balln.球,球状物,舞会,尽情地玩balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.带子,镶边,波段,队,乐队;v.联合,结合bangn.重击,突然巨响;v.发巨响,重击bankn.银行,堤,岸,沙洲,浅滩,一堆(土),(云)层,储藏所(库);vt.存(款)于银行,储蓄,(车或飞机)倾斜转弯bankruptadj.破产了的,完全丧失的;n.破产者;n.使破产bannern.旗帜,横幅,标语barn.条,棒(常用作栅栏,扣栓物),横木,酒吧间,栅,障碍物;vt.禁止,阻挡,妨碍,把门关住barbern.理发员,理发师bareadj.赤裸的,无遮蔽的,空的;vt.使赤裸,露出barelyadv.仅仅,刚刚,几乎不能bargainn.契约,合同,成交商品,便宜货;v.议价barkn.树皮,吠声;v.吠,咆哮barnn.[农]谷仓,畜棚,畜舍,机器房barrel['baeral]n.桶,一桶之量,枪管barriern.(阻碍通道的)障碍物,栅栏,屏障baseadj.卑鄙的,低级的;n.底部,基础,根据地,基地,本部,基数,(运动)出发点;vt.以…作基础,基于…basementn.地下室,墙脚basicadj.基本的,碱性的;n.基本,要素,基础;n.[计]BASIC语言,基本高级语言basicallyadv.基本上,主要地basinn.盆,盆地,水池basisn.基础,基本,根据,主要成分(或要素),(认识论中的)基本原则或原理basketn.篮,一篮basketballn.篮球,篮球运动batn.蝙蝠,球棒;vt.用球棒击球bathn.沐浴,浴室bathen.洗澡;v.沐浴,洗,(光线)充满bathroomn.浴室,盥洗室batteryn.电池,炮组,一组battlen.战役(指大规模会战),战争;vi.作战,战斗,搏斗,斗争bayn.海湾,狗吠声,月桂树;vf.吠;vt.吠,使走投无路beprep.是,在,存在;abbr.[域]Belgium,比利时BE =Bank of England 英格兰银行[英]beachn.海滩beadn.珠子,水珠beamn.梁,桁条,(光线的)束,柱,电波,横梁;v.播送beann.豆,豆形果实bearn.熊;v.负担,忍受,带给,挤beardn.胡须bearingn.轴承,关系.方面,意义,方向,方位beastn.兽,畜牲,人面兽心的人beatn.敲打,拍子,巡逻区域;v.打,打败beautifuladj.美丽的,很好的beautyn.美,美景,美好的东西,美人becauseconj.adv.因为become vi.变成,成为,变得;vt.适合,相称bedn.床,基础,路基,河底,海底,一堆,一层;vi.上床,分层been.蜜蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeadv.在前,以前;conj.在…之前,与其…宁可;prep.在…之前beforehandadv.预先begv.请求,乞求beggarn.乞丐beginV.开始,首先beginnern.初学者beginningn.开始behalfn.利益behavevi.举动,举止,运转,行为表现behaviorn.举止,行为behaviourn.行为,举止,习性behindadv.在后;prep.在…之后beingbe的现在分词;n.存在,生命,人,本质beliefn.信任,信心,信仰believev.有坚定的宗教信仰,相信,信任,认为,想belln.铃,钟belongvi.处在,该在,( to)属于belovedadj.心爱的;n.所爱的人,爱人belowprep.在…下面,adv.在较低处,到下面beltn.带子,地带,腰带benchn.长椅子,法官bendn.弯曲;v.弯曲,专心于,屈服beneathadv.在…之下;prep.在…之下beneficialadj.有益的,受益的,[法律]有使用权的benefitn.利益,好处;1,f.受益;vt,有益于,有助于berryn.浆果besideprep.在旁边,和…比较besidesadv.此外;prep.除…之外bestadj.最好的;adv.最好地,最,极;n.最佳的状态或作品,最好的东西betn.赌,打赌;v.赌,赌钱betrayvt.出卖,背叛,泄露(秘密),露出…迹象betteradj.较好的;adv.更好,更多,更佳;n.较好的人(东西);v.改善,胜过betweenprep.在…之间,连接…,由…协力合作;adv.在其间,当中beyondadv.在远处;prep.在(到)…较远的一边,超过,那一边Biblen.圣经bicyclen.脚踏车,自行车;v.骑自行车bidn.出价,投标;vt.出价,投标,祝愿,命令,吩咐,支付bigadj.大的,重要的,量大的,重要的biken.脚踏车,自行车billn.账单,钞票,票据,清单,议案,法案,广告;vt.用海报宣传,把…列成表,给…开账单billionadj.(美、法)十亿(的),(英、德)万亿(的);n.(美、法)十亿(的),(英、德)万亿(的);bindv.绑,镶边,装订,凝固,约束biologyn.生物学,生物(总称)birdn.鸟,(俚)人birthn.出生,产生,出身birthdayn.生日biscuitn.饼干,小点心bitn.小块,少量,片刻,钻头,刀头,辅币,[计]位,比特biten.咬,咬伤,一口,刺痛;v.咬,刺痛bitteradj.苦的,痛苦的,怀恨的bitterlyadv.苦苦地,悲痛地,厉害地blackadj.黑色的,弄脏了的,忧郁的;n.黑色,黑颜料,黑人;vt.(使)变黑,涂黑blackboardn.黑板bladen.刀刃,刀片blamen.过失,责备;vt.责备,谴责blankadj.空白的,空着的,失色的,没有表情的;n.空白,(美>表格blanketn.毯子;vt.覆盖blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流),爆炸,冲击波;vt.爆炸,毁灭,使枯萎,损害blazen.火焰,光辉,情感爆发;vi.燃烧,照耀,激发;vt.公开宣布bleedv.使出血,放血blendn.混合物;vt.混合blessvt.祝福,保佑,(口)哎呀!我的天哪!blindadj.瞎的,盲目的;vt.使失明,缺乏眼光或判断力;n.窗帘,欺瞒,掩饰,隐蔽处blockn.木块,石块,块,街区,印版,滑轮,阻滞,(一)批;vt.妨碍,阻塞bloodn.血,血液,血统;v.使(某人)先取得经验bloomn.花,旺盛,青春;v.(使)开花,(使)繁盛blossomn.花(尤指结果实者),花开的状态,兴旺期;vi.开花,兴旺,发展blueadj.蓝色的,忧郁的,沮丧的;n.蓝色blown.殴打,突然的打击;v.风吹,吹气于,叫,烧断boardn.木板,(供特殊用途的)木板,甲板,膳食费用,会议桌,部;vt.用板盖上,包伙食,提供膳食,上(船、飞机等)boastn.自夸,值得夸耀的事物;v.自夸,以有…而自豪boatn.小船,艇;v.划船bodyn.身体,肉体,人,尸体,主要部分,团体,大量;vt.赋以形体boiln.沸点,沸腾,疖子;v.煮沸,激动boilern.煮器(锅,壶的统称),汽锅,锅炉boldadj.大胆的,粗体的,冒失的,显眼的boltn.门闩,螺钉,闪电,跑掉;v.上门闩,囫囵吞下,逃跑bombn.炸弹;vt.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),黏结(剂),联结,公债,债券,合同;v.结合bonen.骨;v.剔除bookn.书,书籍,卷,篇,账簿,名册,工作簿;v.登记,预订,控告boomn.繁荣,隆隆声;v.发隆隆声,兴隆bootn.<美>(长统)靴,靴子,引导启动程序boothn.货摊,售货亭,棚bordern.边界,国界,边,边沿,边境;vt.与…接壤,接近,近似bore[b3:]n.令人讨厌的人,怒潮,枪膛,孔;v.使烦扰,钻孔bornadj.天生的,原本的,天生就…的;vbl.出生borrowv.借,借人,借用bosomn.胸部,胸,胸怀,内心,内部,中间,任何温暖、舒适而熟悉的地方bossn.老板,上司;vt.指挥bothadj.两者,双方的;pron.双方,两者bothern.麻烦,烦扰;vi.烦恼,操心;vt.烦扰,打扰bottlevt.烦恼,操心;vt.烦扰,n.瓶子;vt.用瓶装bottomadj.底部的;n.底,底部,尽头,末端;vt.装底,查明真相,测量深浅;vi.到达底部,建立基础boughn.大树枝,主枝bouncen.(球)跳起,弹回;v.(使)反跳,弹起,(指支票)被银行退票,弹跳boundadj.正要启程的,开往…去的,被束缚的,装订的;n.进,跳,范围,限度;v.跳跃,限制boundaryn.边界,分界线bown.弓,乐弓,弓形,鞠躬,船首;v.鞠躬,弯腰bowln.碗,碗状物,木球;v.滚,(板球)投球boxn.盒子,箱,包厢,岗亭,一拳;v.装…入盒中,打耳光,拳击boyn.男孩,儿子,孩子气的人,男仆brainn.脑,头脑braken.闸,刹车;v.刹车branchn.枝,分枝,分部,分店,(学科)分科,部门,支流,支脉;v.出现分歧brandn.商标,牌子,烙印;vt.打烙印brandyn.白兰地酒brassn.黄铜,黄铜制品braveadj.勇敢的breadn.面包,生计breadthn.宽度,(布的)幅宽,(船)幅breakn.休息,暂停,破裂,突变;v.打破,违犯,折断,削弱,超过,突变breakfastn.早餐;vi.进早餐breastn.胸部,乳房,胸怀,心情;vt.以胸对着,对付breathn.呼吸,气息,气味breathev.呼吸,发出,低语breedn.品种,种类;v.(使)繁殖,教养,抚养breezen.微风,煤屑,轻而易举的事,小风波;vi.吹微风,逃走brickn.砖,砖块,砖形物(如茶砖,冰砖等)bridgen.桥,舰桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.架桥,渡过briefn.摘要,大纲;adj.简短的,短暂的;vt.摘要,(军事)下达简令brightadj.明亮的,辉煌的,欢快的,聪明的,伶俐的brightenv.(使)变亮,(使)愉快brilliantadj.灿烂的,闪耀的,有才气的brimn.(杯,碗等)边,边缘,(河)边;vi.满溢;vt.注满,使满溢bringvi.停下;vt.拿来,带来,产生,引起,提出(诉讼)briskadj.敏锐的,凛冽的,轻快的,活泼的bristlen.刚毛,猪鬃;vi.(毛发等)竖起,发怒;adj.长满硬毛的,易发怒的Britainn.英国,不列颠Britishadj.大不列颠的,英国的,英国人的;n.英国人brittleadj.易碎的,脆弱的broadadj.宽的,阔的,广泛的,明朗的,显著的,主要的;n.湖沼地区broadcastn.广播,播音;v.播撒(种子),(无线电或电视)广播,播送,播放brokenadj.坏掉的,患病的,被制服的,断掉的;vbl.break的过去分词bronzeadj.青铜色的;n.青铜(铜与锡合金),铜像broodn.(动物中鸟或家禽的)一窝,(同种或同类的)一伙;vt.沉思brookn.小溪;vt.容忍broomn.扫帚,[植]金雀花;vt.扫除brothern.兄弟brown.眉毛,额,(面部)表情brownn.褐色adj.褐色的,棕色的;v.(使)成褐色,晒黑bruisen.瘀伤,擦伤;v.打伤,撞伤brushn.刷子,毛刷,画笔;vt.刷,掸,拂bruteadj.残忍的,畜生般的;n.残忍的人,畜生bubblen.泡沫,幻想的计划;vi.起泡,潺潺地流bucketn.桶,一桶的量,[桶状物]铲斗budn.芽,蓓蕾;vi.发芽,萌芽budgetn.预算;vi.做预算,编人预算buildn.构造,体格,体形;v.建造,建筑buildingn.建筑物,营造物(如房屋,大楼,工厂,船等)bulbn.鳞茎,球形物,电灯泡bulkn.大小,体积,大批,大多数,散装;vt.显得大,起重大作用;adj.大批的bull[bul]n.[动]公牛,粗壮如牛的人,(股票)多头bulletn.子弹bunchn.串,束;v.捆成一束bundlen.捆,束,包;v.捆扎burdenn.担子,负担;v.负担bureaun.办公桌,衣柜,<美>局,办公署burn[n.烧伤,灼伤;v.烧,烧焦,点(灯),使感觉烧热burstn.突然破裂,爆发,脉冲;v.爆裂,炸破,急于,爆发buryvt.埋葬,掩埋,隐藏busn.公共汽车bushn.矮树丛,灌木businessn.商业,买卖,交易,生意,事情,事物,营业,商行busyadj.忙碌的,热闹的butadv几乎,仅仅;conj.而是,但是;prep.除…以外butchern.屠夫,屠户;vt.屠宰,屠杀buttern.黄油,牛油;vt.涂黄油于…上butterflyn.[动]蝴蝶,蝶泳buttonn.纽扣,[计]按钮;v.扣住,扣紧buyn.廉价品,合算的买卖;v.买byadv.通过,经过,附近;prep.在附近,在旁边,经,由,依据,按照,通过,用cabbagen.[植]甘蓝,卷心菜cabinn.小屋,船舱cabinetadj.(美)内阁的,小巧的;n.(有抽屉或格子的)橱柜,(美)内阁cablen.电缆,海底电报,缆,索;v.拍电报cafen.咖啡馆,小餐馆cafeterian.自助餐厅cagen.笼,槛,(矿井)贯笼caken.蛋糕,饼,饼状物calciumn.[化]钙(元素符号Ca)calculatev.计算,考虑,计划,打算;v.(美)以为,认为calculationn.计算,考虑calculatorn.计算机,计算器calendarn.日历,历法calibratev.校准calibrationn.标度,刻度,校准calln.喊声,叫声,命令,号召,访问,叫牌,通话,必要;v.呼叫,召集,称呼,认为,命名,打电话calmadj.(天气、海洋等)静的,平静的,镇静的,沉着的;v.(使)平静,(使)镇定,平息cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机campn.露营地,阵营;vi.露营,扎营campaignn.[军]战役,(政治或商业性)活动,竞选运动;vi.参加活动,从事活动,作战campusn.<美)校园,大学教育canconj.能,可以;n.罐头,铁罐;vt.装进罐中,把食品装罐Canadan.加拿大Canadianadj.加拿大的;n.加拿大人canaln.运河,小道,导管,槽,沟渠;vt.开运河cancel vt.取消,删去cancern.癌,毒瘤candidaten.候选人,报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果,冰糖;v.蜜饯,糖煮(水果)cannonn.大炮,加农炮;v.炮轰canoen.独木舟,轻舟canteenn.小卖部,食堂,餐厅,饭盒,(军用)水壶canvasn.帆布,油画capn.帽子,军帽,(瓶)帽,(笔)帽;vt.覆盖,胜过capabilityn.(实际)能力,性能,容量,接受力capableadj.有能力的,能干的,有可能的,可以…的capacityn.容量,生产量,容量,智能,才能,能力,接受力,地位capitaladj.资金的,重要的,死罪的,大写的;n.首都,首府,大写字母,资本,资金,资产captainn.队长,首领,船长,机长,(空军,海军)上校,(陆军)上尉;v.指挥,统帅captiveadj.被俘的,被迷住的;n.俘虏,被美色或爱情迷住的人capturen.捕获,战利品;vt.俘获,捕获,夺取carn.汽车,小汽车,车辆,客车,[铁]车厢carbonn.[化]碳(元素符号C),(一张)复写纸carbonaten.[化]碳酸盐;vt.使变成碳酸盐,使充满二氧化碳,碳化cardn.纸牌,卡片,信用卡caren.注意,照料,烦恼,忧虑,由…转交;vi.关心,顾虑,照顾,喜爱;vt.在意careern.(原意:道路,轨道)事业,生涯,速度carefuladj.小心的,仔细的carelessadj.粗心的,疏忽的cargon.船货,(车、船、飞机等运输的)货物carpentern.木匠carpetn.地毯carriagen.马车,客车,运费,(机械)车架carriern.运送者,邮递员,带菌者,(自行车等)行李架,搬运器,航空母舰;[电]载波(信号)carrotn.胡萝卜carryn.进位,射程,运载;vi.被携带,能达到;vi.携带,运送,支持,支撑,传送,意味cartn.大车,手推车;vt.用车装载carvev.雕刻,切开casen.事,病例,案例,情形,场合,讼案,容器,(语法)格cashn.现金;vt.兑现casingn.罩,壳,套,管cassetten.盒子,盒式磁带castn.投掷,铸件,脱落物,一瞥,演员表;v.投,抛,浇铸,计算,派(角色)castlen.城堡casualadj.偶然的,不经意的,临时的catn.猫catalogn.目录,目录册;v.编目录catalystn.催化剂catchn.捕捉,捕获物,(窗)钩;v.捕获,赶上(车船等),发觉,感染(疾病),抓住,燃着categoryn.种类,别,[逻]范畴cathedraln.大教堂cattlen.牛,家养牲畜causen.原因,导致某事发生的人或事,动机,理由,根据,目标,理想,事业;vt.引起,惹起,使(发生),促成cautionn.小心,谨慎,警告;vt.警告caven.洞穴,窑洞;vi.凹陷,投降;vt.挖洞,使凹陷ceasev.停止,终了ceilingn.天花板,最高限度celebratev.庆祝,祝贺,表扬,赞美,举行celln.单元,细胞,蜂房,(尤指监狱或寺院的)单人房间,电池cellarn.地窖,地下室,酒窖,藏酒室cementn.水泥,接合剂;vi.粘牢;vt.接合,用水泥涂,巩固centn.(货币单位)分,分币centigradeadj.分为百度的,百分度的,摄氏温度的centimetren.厘米,公分centraladj.中心的,中央的,重要的,主要的,中枢的,走中间道路的centren.中心,中央,中心区;v.集中centuryn.世纪,百年,板球中的一百分ceremonyn.典礼,仪式,礼节certainadj.确定的,某一个,无疑的,必然的,可靠的;pron.某几个,某些certainlyadv.的确,(口语)当然,行certaintyn.确定,确实的事情,确定性certificaten.证书,证明书;vt.发给证明书,以证书形式授权给…chainn.链(条),镣铐,一连串,一系列vt.用链条拴住chairn.椅子,教授职位,主席位,讲座;vt.担任主席(主持人)chairmann.席,会长chalkn.笔,白垩;vt.粉笔写,和以白垩challengen.挑战;vt.向…挑战chambern.室,房间,议院,会所,卧室championn.冠军,拥护者,战士;vt.拥护,支持chance]adj.偶然的;n.机会,可能性,偶然性,运气;v.碰巧,偶然发生,冒…的险changen.改变,变化,转变,找回的零钱,找头,辅币;vt.改变,变革,改造,兑换channeln.海峡,水道,沟,路线,信道,频道;vt.引导,开导,形成河道chaptern.(书籍)章charactern.(事物的)特性,性质,特征(的总和),(人的)品质,字符,性格,特征,人物characteristicadj.特有的,表示特性的,典型的;n.特性,特征characterizevt.表现…的特色,刻画的…性格chargen.负荷,电荷,费用,主管,掌管,充电,充气,装料;v.装满,控诉,责令,告诫,指示,加罪于,冲锋,收费charityn.慈善,施舍,慈善团体charmingadj.迷人的,娇媚的chartn.海图,图表;vt.制图chartervt.租,包(船、车等);n.宪章chasen.追赶,追击;vt.追赶,追逐,雕镂cheapadj.便宜的,不值钱的cheatn.欺骗,骗子;v.欺骗,骗取checkn.阻止,制止,控制,阻止物,支票,检讫的记号,饭馆的账单;vi.证明无误,核对无误,逐项相符,[象棋]将军;vt.检查,制止,核对,寄存,托运cheekn.颊,厚颜,类似颊的事物cheern.愉快,欢呼;v.(使)快活,(对……)欢呼cheerfuladj.愉快的,高兴的cheesen.干酪,乳酪chemicaladj.化学的;n.化学制品,化学药品chemistn.化学家,药剂师chemistryn.化学chequen.支票cherry n.樱桃,樱桃树,如樱桃的鲜红色chessn.国际象棋chestn.胸腔,胸膛,箱,柜chewv.咀嚼,认真考虑chickenn.小鸡,鸡肉,胆小鬼chiefn.首领,领袖,酋长,长官,主要部分,最有价值的部分;a主要的,首要的,首席的,主任的childn.孩子,儿女,子孙childhoodn.孩童时期childishadj.孩子气的,幼稚的chilladj.寒冷的;n.寒意,寒战,寒心;v.使冷,变冷,冷藏chimneyn.烟囱,灯罩chinn.下巴,下颚chinan.陶瓷,瓷器,瓷料Chinan.中国Chineseadj.中国的,中国人的,中国话的,汉语的;n.中国人,中国话,汉语,中文chipn.碎片,筹码,芯片;v.削成碎片,碎裂chloriden.[化]氯化物chocolaten.巧克力,巧克力色choiceadj.精选的,上等的,挑三拣四的,可选的,宠爱的,爱惜的;n.选择,抉择,精选品,选择机会,选择权choken.窒息,阻气门;v.窒息,哽住,使呼吸困难,阻塞choosev.选择,选定chopn..砍,排骨,官印,商标;vt.剁碎,砍,(风浪)突变Christiann.基督徒,信徒;adj.基督教的,信基督教的Christmasn.(纪念耶稣基督诞生的节日,12月25日)圣诞节churchn.教堂,礼拜堂,教会,教派,[宗]礼拜cigaretten.香烟,纸烟cineman.电影院,电影circlen.圆周,圆形物,派系,循环;v.围,环绕,盘旋circuitn.电路,一圈,周游,巡回circularadj.圆形的,循环的;n.函件,通知circulatev.(使)流通,(使)运行,(使)循环,(使)传播circulationn.循环,流通,发行额circumferencen.圆周,周围circumstancen.环境,详情,境况citevt.引用,引证,提名表扬citizenn.市民,公民cityn.城市,都市,全体居民,城邦civiladj.全民的,市民的,公民的,国民的,民间的,民事的,根据民法的,文职的,有礼貌的civilizationn.文明,文化,文明社会,文明,一个著名游戏的名称。

中国石油天然气公司高级英语考试英汉互译(一)

中国石油天然气公司高级英语考试英汉互译(一)

53 46. Why To Mark[vt.标明;作记号于] a Book.46、怎样在书上做标记1. You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything.I want to persuade[vt.说服;劝说] you to do something equally[(equal):adj.平等的;均等的] important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade[vt.说服;劝说]you to "write between the lines." Unless[conj.除非,如果不]you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient[adj.(指人)有能力的]kind of reading.1、你知道读书必须要阅读,“字里行间的言外之意”,以求最充分的理解。

我劝你在读书过程中做一件同等重要的事情;我劝你“在字里行间里写字”。

不这样做,就达不到最有效的阅读效果。

2. I contend[v.声称,坚决地认为], quite bluntly[(blunt):v.减弱], that marking[(mark):vt.标明;作记号于] up a book is not an act[vi.(戏)表演 vt.扮演(角色);演出(戏)] of mutilation[n.切断,毁损] but love.2、坦率地说,我认为,在书上涂抹标记不是一种损毁行为,而是爱。

3. You shouldn't mark[vt.标明;作记号于] up a book which isn't yours. Librarians[(librarian):n.图书馆管理员] (or your friends) who lend you books expect[vt.盼望;认为]you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking[(mark):vt.标明;作记号于]books, you will have to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available[adj.可利用的;可获得的] today, in reprint[n.再版,翻版,重印] editions[(edition):n.版;版本], for a modest[adj.谦虚的] sum[n.一笔钱].3、当然,你不应该在不属于你的书上做标记。

中国石油新托福题型

中国石油新托福题型

中国石油新托福题型中国石油新托福题型可能包括以下几个方面:1. 核能与环境保护- Should nuclear power be developed for environmental protection? - What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power?- Should countries reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and increase their use of nuclear power?2. 石油资源与国际关系- How does the oil industry affect international relations?- Should countries be allowed to control their own oil resources?- What are the benefits and drawbacks of oil dependency for a country?3. 可持续能源- Should China invest more in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power?- What are the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to a renewable energy system?- How can China promote the use of renewable energy in rural areas?4. 石油行业与经济发展- How does the oil industry contribute to economic development?- Are there alternatives to oil that can support economic growth?- Should the government play a larger role in regulating the oil industry’s impact on the economy?5. 石油污染与环境保护- What are the environmental risks associated with oil extraction and refinement?- Should stricter regulations be imposed on the oil industry to reduce pollution?- How can the oil industry minimize its impact on local ecosystems and communities?注意:以上只是一些可能与中国石油相关的新托福题型示例,具体的题目还是要根据具体情况来确定。

中石油职称英语等级考试750个常考高频词组

中石油职称英语等级考试750个常考高频词组

中石油职称英语等级考试750个常考高频词汇1.abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于;遵守2.be absent from.... 缺席,不在3.absence or mind (=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4.absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引……的注意力(被动语态);be absorbed in 全神注贯注于……近;be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6.access(to) (不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解7.by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地,意外。

Without accident (=safely) 安全地8.of one’s own accord ( =without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地,主动地9.in accord with 与……一致out of one’s accord with 同……不一致10.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地11.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12.on one’s own account1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3)(=by oneself) 依靠自己on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account 不论什么原因也不;of ……account 有……重要性。

中石油考试中心托福参考词汇.doc

中石油考试中心托福参考词汇.doc

Aabhor vt.憎恶, 痛恨accelerate v.加速, 促进accessible adj.易接近的, 可到达的, 易受影响的accurate adj.正确的, 精确的accuracy n.精确性, 正确度adjacent adj.邻近的, 接近的advantageous adj.有利的advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹adj.上述的, 前述的alert, alertly adj.提防的, 警惕的amass vt.收集, 积聚(尤指财富)Ambrosia n. 特别美味的食物anomaly n.不规则, 异常的人或物anxiety n.忧虑, 焦急; 渴望, 热望appall vt.使胆寒, 使惊骇appallingappear vi.出现, 看来, 似乎appropriate adj.适当的aptarouse vt.唤醒, 唤起astute adj.机敏的, 狡猾的attribute n.属性, 品质, 特征authoritative adj.权威的, 有权威的, 命令的Bback and forth adv. 来来回回barely adv.仅仅, 刚刚barter n / v.物品交换, 交换behold vt.把...视为beneficial adj.有益的, 受益的, [法律]有使用权的bizarre adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等)blunder v.跌跌撞撞地走;犯大错, 做错border n.边界, 国界, 边, 边沿, 边境;vt.与...接壤, 接近t breach n.违背, 破坏;vt.打破, 突破; 破裂, 裂口bump (swell) n. 肿块bush n.矮树丛a : bCcandid adj.无偏见的, 公正的;坦白的, 率直的care n.注意, 照料, 烦恼, 忧虑vt.在意carve v.雕刻; 切开celebrate v.庆祝, 祝贺表扬, 赞美;举行chart n.海图vt.制图circulate v.(使)流通;place(使)循环, (使)传播classify vt.分类; 分等colleague n.同事, 同僚collusion n共谋,勾结command v.命令, 指挥;commonplace n.平凡的事; 平常话adj.平凡的compromise n./ v.妥协, 折衷; 危及...的安全conceal vt.隐藏, 隐蔽t ; 隐瞒adj.秘密的, 机密的conform vt.使一致使遵守, 使顺从congregate v.聚集conserve vt.保存, 保藏considerably adv.相当地adj.显著的contemporary adj./n. 当代的, 同时代的(人)contrast vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照convenient adj.便利的, 方便的n.计算器, 计数器柜台, 筹码Ddamage n. 损害, 伤害v. 招致损害decay vi./ n.腐朽, 腐烂, 衰减, 衰退defeat n./v. 击败; 战胜detachable adj.可分开的, 可分离的, 可分遣的deter v.阻止dim adj.暗淡的, 模糊的discord n.不一致, 意见不合distinct adj.清楚的, 明显的;截然不同的, 独特的draft n.草案, 草图vt.起草due to adv. 由于, 应归于duplicate adj.复制的,两倍的adj. 完全相同的Eearmark v. 加上记号elaborate adj.精心制作的, 详细阐述的, 精细的eligible adj.符合条件的, 合格的embrace vt.拥抱, 互相拥抱emit vt.发出, 放射; 发表, 发行encourage vt.鼓励; 怂恿enhance vt.提高; 增强entangle vt.使缠上, 纠缠, 卷入erode, erosion vt.侵蚀, 腐蚀essential adj.本质的,基本的evacuate v.撤出;排泄exceed vt.超越; 胜过excerpt n.vt.摘录, 引用expanse n.宽阔, 膨胀、扩张extend v.扩充;延伸, 伸展extravagant adj.奢侈的, 浪费的放纵的;过分的Fface n.脸;面容, 表情vt.面对, 面向fame n.名声, 名望fancy adj.奇特的, 异样的vt.想象, 设想;n.爱好, 迷恋faucet n.龙头feature n.特征,特色;特性,fellow n.人, 家伙;伙伴fictitious adj.假想的, 编造的, 虚伪的final analysis n. 最终分析fizz n./ vi.嘶嘶响;液体中的气泡flicker v.摇曳, 闪烁forbidden adj.禁止的, 严禁的foster vt.养育, 抚育fragrance n.芬芳, 香气, 香味frightening adj.令人恐惧的, 引起突然惊恐的fuel n.燃料fund n.资金, 基金; v.支助, 投资Ggain vt.得到, 赚到,利润gemstones n.经雕琢的宝石glisten v.闪光,发亮goods n.货物graphic adj.绘画似的, 图解的grave n.坟墓v.雕刻adj.严重的grumpy adj.脾气坏的, 性情乖戾的Hhardly adv.刚刚, 仅; 几乎不hatch vt.孵, 孵出; 舱口, 舱口盖hearty adj亲切的;精神饱满的hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的yhuge adj.巨大的, 极大的, 无限的hybrid n.杂种,混血儿;adj.混合的, 杂种的Iignore vt.不理睬, 忽视imitate vt.模仿,仿效imperceptible adj.感觉不到的increase vi.增加t , 繁殖indefinite adj.模糊的, 不确定的indicative adj.(~of) 指示的, 预示的, 可表示的induce vt.劝诱, 促使; 导致, 引起ingenious adj.机灵的;有独创性的inhibit v. 抑制; 约束:insatiable adj.不知足的, 贪求无厌的inspiring adj.灌输的, 鼓舞的insult n.侮辱, 凌辱vt.侮辱, 凌辱intense adj.强烈的;热情的intricate adj.复杂的, 错综的;难以理解的inundate v.淹没invent vt.发明, 创造tLlandmark n.地界标;里程碑, 划时代的事lateral adj.横(向)的, 侧面的legendary adj.传说中的liberate v.解放, 释放limited adj.有限的, 狭窄的;缺乏创见的locale n.现场ludicrous adj.可笑的, 滑稽的lyrical adj.抒情诗调的, 充满感情的Mmagnificence n.华丽, 富丽堂皇mandatory adj. 命令的, 强制的mar v.弄坏, 毁坏mature adj.成熟的, 到期的merchandise n.商品, 货物minuscule adj.小字写的;极小的misleading adj.易误解的, 令人误解的moderately adv.适度地motionless adj.不动的, 静止的muscular adj.肌肉的; 强健的mutation n.变化, 转变Nnaked adj.裸体的, 无遮盖的;无装饰的, 无保护的nominal adj.名义上的, 有名无实的nourishment n.食物, 营养品now and then adv. 偶然Ooath n.誓言, 宣誓, 诅咒obstacle n.障碍, 妨害物ominous adj.预兆的, 恶兆的on the spot adv.当场, 在危险中, 处于负责地位operation n.运转, 操作, 实施, 作用, 业务, 工作, 手术option n.选项, 选择权outlawe n.歹徒;逃犯;v. 宣布...为不合法overlap v.(与...)交迭overwhelm vt.淹没, 覆没;颠覆,推翻UPpanacea n.万能药particle n.粒子,极小量, 微粒passing n.经过, 消逝(死) adj.经过的;及格的path n.小路, 小径;路线, 轨道penetrate vt.穿透, 渗透; 洞察perennial adj.终年的, 长期的, 永久的perjury n.伪誓, 伪证perplexing adj.复杂的, 令人困惑的phenomenon n.现象plot n.小块土地;(小说的)情节;vi.密谋, 策划point out v.指出poll n民意测验;v.投票posthumously adj.死的的,遗腹的praise vt.赞扬, 歌颂precision n.精密度, 精度predominantly adv. 支配地prevail vi.流行, 盛行获胜, 成功primitive adj.原始的, 远古的; 粗糙的, 简单的private adj.私人的, 私有的profitable adj.有利可图的promotion n.促进; 提升, 晋升propagate v.繁殖;传播, 宣传prospect n.景色; 前景;vi.寻找, 勘探pulp n.(水果的)果肉puzzling adj.使迷惑的Rrange n.山脉;行列; 范围, 射程;vt.排列; 归类reach n. 范围:; vt.到达, 达到rebel n.造反者;adj.造反的, 叛逆的recipient n.容纳者, 容器recycle v. 重复利用n.再循环refrain n.重复, 叠句节制, 避免regrettably adv.抱歉地, 遗憾地relate vt.叙述, 讲; 使联系, 发生关系reluctantly adv.不情愿地, 嫌恶地remote adj.遥远的, 偏僻的repair n.修理, 修补research n.研究研究, 调查resort vi.求助, 诉诸;常去; 度假胜地常去之地restore vt.恢复, 使回复;归还, 交还revere v.尊敬, 敬畏, 崇敬rewarding adj.报答的, 有益的, 值得的rudimentary adj.根本的s:未发展的run-down adj.破败的,衰败的n.. 纲要, 总结Sscarcely adv.几乎不, 简直没有scenery n.风景, 景色scrupulous adv.小心翼翼地, 多顾虑地secretly adv.秘密地, 背地里seek v.寻找, 探索tr; 寻求sensible adj.明智的, 有判断力的shade n.荫, 阴暗sheer adj.全然的; 峻峭的;透明的; v.使避开shield n.防护物, 盾;保护silently adv.默默地, 静静地site n.地点, 场所sketch n .略图, 草图slim adj.苗条的, 纤细的socket n. 孔, 插座, 糟solitary adj.孤独的sophisticated adj.诡辩的, 久经世故的spacious adj.广大的, 大规模的split v.劈开, (使)裂开stain n.污点, 瑕疵; v.染污, 沾污static adj.静态的, 静力的strengthen v.加强, 巩固strict adj.(~with) 严格的, 精确的stripe n.斑纹, 条纹stubborn adj.顽固的;难应付的style n.风格;文体subtle adj.狡猾的;微妙的; 精细的supernatural adj.超自然的surpass vt.超越, 胜过suspicious adj.(~of) 可疑的, 怀疑的swift adj.迅速的, 快的, 敏捷的symphony n.交响乐, 交响曲Ttake place v. 发生temperature n.温度tension n.紧张(状态), 不安张力terrifying adj. 恐怖的theory n.理论,原理timid adj.胆小的: 羞怯的tolerate vt.忍受, 容忍touching adj.动人的, 令人同情的trace n.痕迹, 踪迹; 微量transplant v.移植, 移种, 移民treasured n.财宝, 财富vt.珍爱, 珍惜trickle v.滴流tropical adj.热带的, 热情的turbulence n.骚乱, 动荡U unaccustomed adj.不习惯的,不平常的unbearable adj.无法忍受的, 承受不住的uncalled-for adj.不必要的, 多余的unquenchable adj.难抑制的:, 不能消灭的Vvacillate v.犹豫不定vandalism n.故意破坏公物,艺术的行为verify vt.检验, , 查证vigorous adj.精力旺盛的, 有力的vivid adj.生动的,逼真的;清晰的Wwarn vt.警告, 注意, 通知wed v.娶,嫁,结婚widespread adj.分布广泛的; 普遍的willing adj.自愿的;反应迅速的withhold vt. 抑制; 拒给, vi.忍住:。

中石油职称英语高频词汇200例

中石油职称英语高频词汇200例

中石油职称英语高频词汇200例2017中石油职称英语高频词汇200例职称外语统一考试由人事部统筹规划、指导并确定合格标准。

考试考务工作的组织与实施由人事部人事考试中心负责。

考试每年举行一次,时间一般安排在3月最后一个星期,一般只在地级以上城市设立考点。

下面是yjbys店铺为大家带来的中石油职称英语高频词汇的知识,欢迎阅读。

中石油职称英语高频词汇200例1.abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于;遵守2.be absent from... 缺席,不在3.absence of mind (=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4.absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引……的注意力(被动语态);be absorbed in 全神注贯注于……近;be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6.access(to) (不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解7.by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地,意外。

Without accident (=safely) 安全地8.of one's own accord ( =without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地,主动地9.in accord with 与……一致out of one's accord with 同……不一致10.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地11.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12.on one's own account1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one's own risk) 自行负责3)(=by oneself) 依靠自己on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account 不论什么原因也不;of …account 有……重要性。

中石油内部模拟托福考试学习材料-2

中石油内部模拟托福考试学习材料-2

阅读1. What is the main reason that people developedmethods of refrigeration?○A They wanted to improve the flavor and nutritional value of food.○B They needed to slow the natural processes that cause food to spoil.○C They needed a use for the ice that formed on lakes and rivers.○D They wanted to expand the production of certain industries.2. The word perishable in paragraph 1 is closestin meaning to○A capable of spoiling○B uncooked○C of animal origin○D highly nutritious3. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutcold storage before the invention of artificialrefrigeration?○A It kept food cold for only about a week.○B It was dependent on a source of ice or snow.○C It required a container made of metal or wood.○D It was not a safe method of preserving meat.4. Artificial refrigeration involves all of thefollowing processes EXCEPT○A the pumping of water vapor through a pipe○B the rapid expansion of certain gases○C the evaporation of a volatile liquid○D the transfer of heat from one place to another5. Which sentence below best expresses theessential information in the highlightedsentence in paragraph 2? Incorrect choiceschange the meaning in important ways or leaveout essential information.○A It takes a lot of energy to transform a liquid into a vapor, especially when thevapor loses heat.○B Some gases expand rapidly and give offenergy when they encounter a very coldTHE DEVELOPMENT OFREFRIGERATIONCold storage, or refrigeration, is keeping food at temperatures between 32 and 45 degrees F in order to delay the growth of microorganisms—bacteria, molds, and veast—that cause food to spoil. Refrigeration produces few changes in food, so meats, fish, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables keep their original flavor, color, and nutrition. Before artificial refrigeration was invented, people stored perishable food with ice or snow to lengthen its storage time. Preserving food by keeping it in an ice—filled pit is a 4,000-year-old art. Cold storage areas were built in basements, cellars, or caves, lined with wood or straw, and packed with ice. The ice was transported from mountains, or harvested from local lakes or rivers, and delivered in large blocks to homes and businesses.Artificial refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance, container, or enclosed area, to lower its temperature. The heat is moved from the inside of the container to the outside. A refrigerator uses the evaporation of a volatile liquid, or refrigerant, to absorb heat. In most types of refrigerators, the refrigerant is compressed, pumped through a pipe, and allowed to vaporize. As the liquid turns to vapor, it loses heat and gets colder because the molecules of vapor use energy to leave the liquid. The molecules left behind have less energy and so the liquid becomes colder. Thus, the air inside the refrigerator is chilled.Scientists and inventors from around the world developed artificial refrigeration during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. William Cullen demonstrated artificial refrigeration in Scotland in l748, when he let ethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. In l805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration machine that used vapor instead of liquid. In l842, physician John Gorrie used Evans’s design to create an air-cooling apparatus to treat yellow—fever patients in a Floridahospital. Gorrie later left his medical practice andliquid.○C When kinetic energy is changed to heat energy, liquid molecules turn into vapormolecules.○D During evaporation, the vapor molecules use energy, and the liquidbecomes colder.6. According to the passage, who was the firstperson to use artificial refrigeration for apractical purpose?○A William Cullen○B Oliver Evans○C John Gorrie○D Adolphus Busch7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to○A printer○B refrigerator○C type○D ether8. Why does the author discuss the brewingindustry in paragraph 4?○A To compare cave storage with mechanical refrigeration○B To describe the unique problems that brewers faced○C To praise the accomplishments of a prominent brewer○D To show how refrigeration changed a whole industry9. The word constrained in paragraph 4 is closestin meaning to○A restricted○B spoiled○C improved○D alternated10. According to the passage, the first refrigeratedrailcar used what material as a cooling agent?○A Ether○B Ice○C Ammonia○D CFCs11. The word toxic in paragraph 5 is closest inmeaning to experimented with ice making, and in l85l he was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration. In the same year, an Australian printer, James Harrison, built an ether refrigerator after noticing that when he cleaned his type with ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated. Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor-compression refrigeration to the brewing and meatpacking industries.Brewing was the first industry in the United States to use mechanical refrigeration extensively, and in the 1 870s, commercial refrigeration was primarily directed at breweries. German-born Adolphus Busch was the first to use artificial refrigeration at his brewery in St. Louis. Before refrigeration, brewers stored their beer in caves, and production was constrained by the amount of available cave space. Brewing was strictly a local business, since beer was highly perishable and shipping it any distance would result in spoilage. Busch solved the storage problem with the commercial vapor-compression refrigerator. He solved he shipping problem with the newly invented refrigerated railcar, which was insulated with ice bunkers in each end. Air came in on the top, passed through the bunkers, and circulated through the car by gravity. In solving Busch’s spoilage and storage problems, refrigeration also revolutionized an entire industry. By 1891, nearly every brewery was equipped with mechanical refrigerating machines.The refrigerators of today rely on the same basic principle of cooling caused by the rapid evaporation and expansion of gases. Until l929, refrigerators used toxic gases—ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide—as refrigerants. After those gases accidentally killed several people, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) became the standard refrigerant. However, they were found to be harmful to the earth’s ozone layer, so refrigerators now use a refrigerant called HF134a, which is less harmful to the ozone.○A dense○B poisonous○C rare○D expensivepassage. Where would the sentence best fit?Gorrie’s basic principle of compressing a gas, and then sending it through radiating coils to cool it, is the one most often used in refrigerators today.Scientists and inventors from around the world developed artificial refrigeration during the eighteenth andethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. In 1805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration’s design to create anair-cooling apparatus to treat yellow-fever patients in a Florida hospital.Gorrie later left his medicalpractice and experimented with ice making, and in 1851 he was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanicalIn the same year, an Australian printer, James Harrison, built an ether refrigerator after noticing that when he cleaned his type with ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated. Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor—compression refrigeration to the brewing and meatpacking industries.13—14. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Answer Choiees○A A refrigerator has an evaporator that makes the inside of the refrigerator cold.○B People used to preserve food by packing it with ice or snow in cold storage areas.○C Artificial refrigeration Was made possible by the compression and evaporation of avolatile substance.○D William Cullen developed a method ofartificial refrigeration in 1748.○E Practical uses of vapor-compression refrigeration were introduced in thenineteenth century.○F CFCs have not been used as refrigerants since they were found to damage the earth’sozone layer.15. According to the passage, how did CanadianEnglish become a distinct variety of NorthAmerican English? ○A Linguists noticed that Canadians spoke a unique dialect.○B A large group of Loyalists settled in oneregion at the same time.○C Growth of the middle class led to a standard school curriculum.○D Canadians declared their language to be different from U.S. English.16. The word norms in paragraph 1 is closest inmeaning to○A patterns○B history○C words○D ideas17. The phrase a great deal in common with inparagraph 2 is closest in meaning to○A different words for○B the same problems as○C many similarities to○D easier pronunciation than18. In paragraph 2, what point does the author makeabout Canadian English?○A Canadian English is more similar to American than to British English.○B American and British visitors define Canadian English by their own norms.○C Canadian English has many words that are not in other varieties of English.○D Canadians speak English with an accent that Americans cannot understand.19. The phrase the two varieties in paragraph 3refers to○A People who live outside North American○B Canadian English and American English○C General Canadian and North American○D British English and Canadian English 20. The word spot in paragraph 3 is closest inmeaning to○A describe○B ignore○C preferCANADIAN ENGLISHCanadian English is a regional variety of North American English that spans almost the entire continent. Canadian English became a separate variety of North American English after the American Revolution, when thousands of Loyalists, people who had supported the British, left the United States and fled north to Canada. Many Loyalists settled in southern Ontario in the l780s, and their speech became the basis for what is called General Canadian, a definition based on the norms of urban middle-class speech.Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it resembles and differs from American or British English. Canadian English has a great deal in common with the English spoken in the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British. Many American visitors to Canada think the Canadian vocabulary sounds British—for example, they notice the British “tap”and “braces”instead of the American “faucet”and “suspenders.” On the other hand, many British people identify a Canadian accent as American, and British visitors think the Canadians have become Americanized, saying “gas”and “truck”for “petrol”and “lorry.”People who live outside North America often find it difficult to hear the differences between Canadian and American English. There are many similarities between the two varieties, yet they are far from identical. Canadian English is instantly recognizable to other Canadians, and one Canadian in a crowded room will easily spot the other Canadian among the North Americans.There is no distinctive Canadian grammar. The differences are mainly in pronunciation, vocabulary, and idioms. Canadian pronunciation reflects the experience of a people struggling for national identity against two strong influcaces. About 75 percent of Canadians use the British “zed”rather than the American “zee” for the name of the last letter of the alphabet. On the other hand, 75 percent of Canadians use the American pronunciation of “schedule,”○D find21. Which sentence below best expresses theessential information in the highlighted sentencein paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change themeaning in important ways or leave outessential information.○A Canadian English has been strongly influenced by both British and AmericanEnglish.○B Canada is the only nation where people can deliberately choose whichpronunciation they prefer.○C Canadians have tried to distinguish themselves as a nation, and this effort isshown in their pronunciation.○D Many newcomers to Canada must work hard to master the national style ofpronouncing English.22. All of the following words originated in NorthAmerican Indian languages EXCEPT○A kerosene○B parka○C Canada○D kayak23. Which of the following can be inferred fromparagraph 5 about vocabulary?○A Vocabulary is the most distinctive feature of Canadian English.○B World Standard English has a very large vocabulary.○C Canadians use more Noth American Indian words than Americans do.○D Much of the vocabulary for ice hockey originated in Canada.24. The author discusses the expression “eh”inparagraph 6 as an example of○A an idiom that uniquely characterizes Canadian speech○B an expression that few people outside Canada have heard○C a style of Canadian drama and literature○D a word that cannot be translated into other languages“tomato,”and “missile.”The most obvious and distinctive feature of Canadian speech is probably its vowel sound, the diphthong“ou.” In Canada, “out” is pronounced like “oat”in nearby U.S. accents. There are other identifying features of Canadian vowels;for example, “cot”is pronounced the same as “caught”and “collar”, the same as “caller.”An important characteristic of the vocabulary of Canadian English is the use of many words and phrases originating in Canada itself, such as “kerosene” and “chesterfield” (“sofa”). Several words are borrowed from North American Indian languages, for example, “kayak,”“caribou,”“parka,”and “skookum” (“strong”). The name of the country itself has an Indian origin;the Iroquois word “kanata”originally meant “village.” A number of terms for ice hockey—“face-off,”“blue-line,”and “puck”—have become part of World Standard English.Some features of Canadian English seem to be unique and are often deliberately identified with Canadian speakers in such contexts as dramatic and literary characterizations. Among the original Canadian idioms, perhaps the most famous is the almost universal use of “eh?” as a tag question, as in “That’s a good movie, eh?”“Eh”is also used as a filler during a narrative, as in “I’m walking home from work, eh, and I’m thinking about dinner. I finally get home, eh, and the refrigerator is empty.”The traditional view holds that there are no dialects in Canadian English and that Canadians cannot tell where other Canadians are from just by listening to them. The linguists of today disagree with this view. While there is a greater degree of homogeneity in Canadian English compared with American English, several dialect areas do exist across Canada. Linguists have identified distinct dialects for the Maritime Provinces, Newfoundland, the Ottawa Valley,southern Ontario, the Prairie Provinces, the Arctic North, and the West. Glossary:diphthong:a speech sound that begins with one vowel and changes to another vowel25. The word homogeneity in paragraph 7 is closestin meaning to○A accent○B change○C creativity○D sameness。

托福阅读tpo 4 Petroleum Resources石油资源原题解析

托福阅读tpo 4 Petroleum Resources石油资源原题解析

阅读原文:Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.石油是由原油和天然气组成,似乎都源自于海洋的有机物沉淀。

微小的有机物沉积到海底并堆聚在海泥里,有机物会局部分解,消耗沉淀里的溶解氧,当氧气消耗殆尽分解便停止,留下剩余的有机物。

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom —buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.持续的沉积——堆积物沉积到海底的过程将有机物埋在海底使之受到海底温度、高压的影响,最终转变成石油和天然气。

中石油职称英语高频词汇

中石油职称英语高频词汇

中⽯油职称英语⾼频词汇2017年中⽯油职称英语⾼频词汇 你知道中⽯油职称英语考试都考哪些词汇吗?你对中⽯油职称英语考试了解吗?下⾯是yjbys⼩编为⼤家带来的中⽯油职称英语⾼频词汇,欢迎阅读。

中⽯油职称英语⾼频词汇 1.abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于;遵守 2.be absent from... 缺席,不在 3.absence of mind (=being absent-minded) ⼼不在焉 4.absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引……的注意⼒(被动语态);be absorbed in 全神注贯注于……近;be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on 5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6.access(to) (不可数名词)能接近,进⼊,了解 7.by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地,意外。

Without accident (=safely) 安全地 8.of one's own accord ( =without being asked; willingly; freely) ⾃愿地,主动地 9.in accord with 与……⼀致 out of one's accord with 同……不⼀致 10.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) ⼀致地 11.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 12.on one's own account 1)为了某⼈的缘故,为了某⼈⾃⼰的利益 2)(=at one's own risk) ⾃⾏负责 3)(=by oneself) 依靠⾃⼰ on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account 不论什么原因也不;of …account 有……重要性。

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