江苏大学英语(二外)2013、2017—2019年考研真题试题
历年英语考研真题及答案
历年英语考研真题及答案【篇一：2010-2016年历年考研英语真题+答案】tion i use of english section 1 use of englishdirections: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1. (10 points)in cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. it may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. a young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man‘s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving thechild little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has beenselected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.the traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married andrespected couples to bless the __11__. newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she__17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is__18__ equally. divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. the divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1.a. by way of b. with regard to c. on behalf of d. as well as2.a. decide onb. provide forc. compete withd. adapt to3.a. closeb. arrange c. renew d. postpone4.a. in theory b. above all c. in timed. for example5.a. unlessb. less c. after d. although6.a. into b. within c. fromd. through7.a. or b. sincec. butd. so8.a. test b. copyc. recite d. create9.a. folding b. piling c. wrappingd. tying10. a. passing b. lighting c. hiding d. serving11. a. associationb. meeting c. collection d. union12. a. deal b. partc. grow d. live13. a. whereas b. untilc. ford. if14. a. avoidb. follow c. challenge d. obtain15. a. isolated b. persuadedc. viewed d. exposed16. a. wherever b. whatever c. whenever d. however17. a. changedb. brought c. shapedd. pushed18. a. invested b. dividedc. donated d. withdrawn19. a. warmsb. clearsc. shows d. breaks20. a. whileb. so that c. onced. in that section Ⅱ reading comprehensionpart adirections：read the following four texts. answer the questions after each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points) text 1france，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. the parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―incite excessive thinness‖ by promoting extreme dieting.such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. they suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. that‘s a start. and the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. it tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.the bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. and perhaps faintly, they hint that people should lookto intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.the french measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.the fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. in denmark, the united states, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.in contrast to france‘s actions, denmark‘s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. the newly revised danish fashion ethical charter clearly states:‖we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people‖. the charter‘s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to copenhagen fashion week (cfw), which is run by the danish fashion institute. but in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. according to the first paragraph，what would happen in france?【a】physical beauty would be redefined.【b】new runways would be constructed.【c】websites about dieting would thrive.【d】the fashion industry would decline.22. the phrase ―impinging on‖(line 2，para.2) is closest in meaning to【a】heightening the value of【b】indicating the state of【c】losing faith in【d】doing harm to23. which of the following is true of the fashion industry？【a】the french measures have already failed.【b】new standards are being set in denmark.【c】models are no longer under peer pressure.【d】its inherent problems are getting worse.24. a designer is most likely to be rejected by cfw for【a】pursuing perfect physical conditions【b】caring too much about model‘s character.【c】showing little concern for health factors【d】setting a high age threshold for models.25. which of the following may be the best title of the text?【a】a challenge to the fashion industry‘s body ideals【b】a dilemma for the starving models in france【c】just another round of struggle for beauty【d】the great threats to the fashion industrytext 2for the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. in britain this has had a curious result. while polls show britons rate‖the【篇二：2013年考研英语真题及答案(完整版)】icture [d] moment4.[a] for example [b] on average [c] in principle [d] above all5.[a] fond [b]fearful [c] capable [d] thoughtless6.[a] in [b] on [c] to [d] for7.[a] if [b]until [c] though [d] unless8.[a] promote [b]emphasize [c] share [d] test9.[a] decision [b] quality [c] status [d] success10.[a] chosen [b]stupid [c]found [d] identified11.[a] exceptional [b] defensible [c] replaceable [d] otherwise12.[a] inspired [b]expressed [c] conducted [d] secured13.[a] assigned [b]rated [c] matched [d] arranged14.[a] put [b]got [c]gave [d] took15.[a]instead [b]then [c] ever [d] rather16.[a]selected [b]passed [c] marked [d] introduced17.[a]before [b] after [c] above [d] below18.[a] jump [b] float [c] drop [d] fluctuate19.[a]achieve [b]undo [c] maintain [d]disregard20. [a] promising [b] possible [c] necessary [d] helpful答案：1-5: adcab6-10: badda11-15: dcbdb16-20: cacbc答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为a question of judgment的文章。
2016年-2018年江苏大学240单独考试英语考研真题试题试卷汇编
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2016 年江苏大学 240 英语（单）考研真题试题试卷················································· 2 2017 年江苏大学 240 英语（单）考研真题试题试卷················································· 8 2018 年江苏大学 240 单独考试英语考研真题试题试卷············································ 18
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江苏大学学科英语专业二真题
江苏大学学科英语专业二真题1、These apples smell _____ and taste ______. [单选题] *A. well; wellB. good; good(正确答案)C. well; goodD. good; well2、I_____you that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.for sure3、Hurry up,?or we’ll _______ class. [单选题] *A. be late for(正确答案)B. late forC. late withD. be late with4、—______ you speak French?—Yes, I can.（）[单选题] *A. NeedB. Can(正确答案)C. MightD. Must5、71．How beautiful the shoes look! Can I________？[单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them6、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who7、Before you quit your job, （）how your family will feel about your decision. [单选题] *A. consider(正确答案)B. consideringC. to considerD. considered8、______ pocket money did you get when you were a child? （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. HowC. How manyD. How much(正确答案)9、Mom, I need you ______ me a pencil box.（）[单选题] *A. buyB. buyingC. to buy(正确答案)D. to buying10、_____ yuan a month _____ not enough for a family of three to live on today. [单选题] *A. Five hundred; is(正确答案)B. Five hundreds; areC. Five hundred; areD.Five hundreds; is11、Some students are able to find jobs after graduation while _____will return to school for an advanced degree. [单选题] *A. otherB. anotherC. others(正确答案)D. the other12、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn13、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What14、She talks too much; you’ll be glad when you’re free of her. [单选题] *A. 与她自由交谈B. 离开她(正确答案)C. 受她的控制D. 与她在一起15、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding16、—Can you play the violin at the art festival?—No, I ______. But I am good at playing the drums.（）[单选题] *A. canB. can’t(正确答案)C. doD. don’t17、( ) .Would you please ______me the gifts from your friends? [单选题] *A.to showB. showingC. show(正确答案)D. shown18、If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _____ choice. [单选题] *A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better(正确答案)19、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister20、59．—Can I talk to the manager?—Please wait ________ minute. [单选题] *A．anB．a(正确答案)C．theD．/21、Either you or the president（）the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. [单选题] *A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out(正确答案)22、—Is there ______ else I can do for you? —No, thanks. I can manage it myself.（）[单选题] *A. everythingB. anything(正确答案)C. nothingD. some things23、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini24、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear25、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)26、_______, making some DIY things is fashionable. [单选题] *A. Stand outB. In ones opinionC. In my opinion(正确答案)D. Out of fashion27、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking28、It’s one of _______ means of transportation. [单选题] *A. cheapB. convenientC. second-handD. the most convenient(正确答案)29、The paper gives a detailed（）of how to create human embryos (胚胎)by cloning. [单选题] *A. intentionB. description(正确答案)C. affectionD. effort30、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found。
2019年江苏大学硕士研究生入学考试243英语(二外)考研大纲
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试大纲I 考查目标全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试是为我校招收日语语言文学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业所必须的第二外国语（英语）技能，是否具有入学后继续深入学习英语（二外）的语言基础。
该考试是测量考生的英语综合应用能力，包括阅读理解、写作、翻译、词汇和句法运用能力。
具体来说，要求考生：1、应掌握一定量的英语词汇（参见《全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲》附录的分级词汇表）；2、掌握英语语法知识（非谓语动词、时态、语态等）；3、具有较强的阅读理解能力，能够读懂一般性题材的英语报刊文章和其他英语材料；能阅读题材较为熟悉的学术文章；4、具有一定的英译汉能力；5、能用英语写150-200字左右的短文。
II 考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为100分，考试时间180分钟。
二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
无听力试题，考试过程中不允许携带字典。
三、试卷内容与题型结构1. Vocabulary 20题，每题1分，共20分2. Grammar 10题，每题1分，共10分3. Reading Comprehension 20题，每题2分，共40分4. Writing 1题，共15分5. Translation 1题，共15分III 考查内容1. 英语词汇知识2. 英语句法运用3. 英语阅读理解能力4. 英译汉翻译能力5. 英语写作能力6. 逻辑思考能力English as a Second Foreign Language Examination forGraduate CandidatesPart I Vocabulary (20 points)Please choose the best answer for each sentence below.1. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and_______your text more easily.A. registerB. editC. proposeD. discharge2. We don’t know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such ______colors.A. lowB. humbleC. mildD. dull3. The news has just ______ that the president is going to visit China next month.A. come downB. come upC. come outD. come about4. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding andmistrust were removed.A. tensionB. strainC. stressD. intensity5. The other day, Mum and I went to St. James’s Hospital , and they did lots and lots of tests onme, most of them _____ and frightening.A. cheerfulB. horribleC. hostileD. friendly6. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great_____.A. fareB. paymentC. worthD. expense7. The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.A. absorbedB. abandonedC. focusedD. centered8. Actually, information technology can ______ the gap between the poor and the rich.A. linkB. breakC. allyD. bridge9. Some research workers completely ______ all those facts as though they never existed.A. ignoreB. leaveC. refuseD. miss10. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at acrime ______.A. stageB. sceneC. locationD. occasion11. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ______ aculture.A. retainB. relateC. remarkD. review12. Companies are struggling to find the right _______between supply and demand, but it is noeasy taskA. equationB. formulaC. balanceD. pattern13. Mass advertising helped to _______ the emphasis from the production of goods to theirconsumption.A. varyB. shiftC. layD. moderate14. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and _____ and all previouslyneglected matters were taken care of.A. convictionB. contestC. consentD. content15. I know you’ve got a smooth tongue , so don’t talk me ______ buying it.A. awayB. downC. outD. into16. Showing some sense of humor can be a (n) _______ way to deal with some stressfulsituationA. effectiveB. efficientC. favorableD. favorite17. The situation described in the report ______ terrible, but it may not happen.A. inclinesB. maintainsC. soundsD. remains18. The company is trying every means to ______ the wholesale price of its products.A. pull downB. put downC. set downD. bring down19. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing theearthquake victimsA. rewardedB. awardedC. creditedD. prized20. The native Canadians lived in _______ with nature, for they respected nature as a providerof life.A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmonyPart II Grammar (10 Points)Please read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct word forms.21. There is little doubt that ______ (attend) college has the potential of exposing young people tonew ideas and relationships and helps promote their critical thinking skills.22. The US Department of Education estimates that only 62 percent of those enrolled in four-yearinstitutions had _____ (earn) a bachelor’s degree six years later.23. Do not be intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and don’t back off when_____ (face) competition; inner confidence is important.24. In order to persuade his daughter to put off the marriage, the father quoted statistics _____(show) mixed-face couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.25. The controversy in his article about women’s role in modern society _____ (be) that being ahousewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.26. When he _____ (give) a talk, the topic is usually specified in advance, so you are able toexpect what to follow without any difficulties.27. When the police caught up with him, Mr. Foster had to confess that he _____ (break) the speedlimit.28. When she heard of her failure in the experiment, her eyes were filled with tears; whether it wasof shame, frustration, or grief was difficult ____ (tell).29. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are ____ (aim) atmaking her fall in love with him.30. Having been expelled from public school for drinking and smoking and then ____ (fail) inshow business as a singer, she joined her father’s bushiness 10 years ago.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For t he first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.31. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because__________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility32. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”?A) They nee dn’t worry about the food and water they consume.B) They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C) They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D) They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”.33. Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.34. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.35. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.36. What do many researchers generally accept?A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.B) Repositories are essential to scientific research.C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.37. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A) Opposed.B) Ambiguous.C) Liberal.D) Neutral.38. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A) The fear of massive copying.B) The lack of a research culture.C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.39. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A) The ever-growing demand for big data.B) The advancement of digital technology.C) The changing attitude of journals and funders.D) The trend of social and economic development.40. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A) is becoming increasingly popularB) benefits sharers and users alikeC) makes researchers successfulD) saves both money and laborPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money off other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan and India. But doesn't the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, say economic researcher Sara Johnson. "Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴) for theirconsumers.But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.41. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B. Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C. The impact of chape oil on global economic growth.D. The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.42. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A. Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B. Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C. Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D. Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.43. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A. They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B. They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C. They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D. They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.44. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A. It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B. Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C. It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D. Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.45. Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A. People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B. The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C. Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D. People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Passage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), an d have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was produc tive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level,” which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.46. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.47. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.48. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.49. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.50. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bi as in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in reaserach work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part IV Writing (15 points)For this part, you are supposed to write an essay commenting on the saying “The question mark is the key to any science.” You r essay should emphasize the importance of asking right questions in the pursuit of science. Please write at least 200 words but no more than 250 words.Part V Translation (15 points)Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.As we enter the 21st century, direct contacts with dissimilar others in our neighborhoods, schools, and workplace are an inescapable part of life. Each intercultural contact can bring about identity dissonance or stress because of attributes such as an unfamiliar accent, way of speaking, way of doing things, and way of nonverbal expression. In a global workplace, people bring with them different work habits and cultural practices. For example, cultural strangers may appear to approach teamwork and problem-solving tasks differently. They may appear to have a sense of different time, and they may appear to have different spatial needs. They also may look and move differently.Key Part I Vocabulary (20 points)1-5 BDCAB6-10 CADAB11-15 ACBDD16-20 ACDBDPart II Grammar (10 points)21. attending22. earned23. facing24. showing25. is26. gives27. had broken28. to tell29. aimed30. failingPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points) 31-35 ACCBD36-40 DACCB41-45 CDCBA46-50 CCBDAPart IV Writing (15 points)Omitted.Part V Translation (15 points)Omitted.11。
江苏大学502历年真题
江苏大学502历年真题江苏大学硕士研究生入学考试样题A卷科目代码：243科目名称英语（二外）满分：100分注意：①认真闽读答题纸上的注意事项：②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效：③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Please choose the best answer for each sentence below.to go to the party with us.1.After working all day,he was so tired that he was in noA) tasteB) moodC) senseD) emotion2. Finding a job can be _______and disappointing, and therefore it is important that you are prepared.A)exploitingB) frustratingC) profitingD)misleading3. Workers in the fine arts thoughts and feelings through theircreative works.A) transmitB) elaborateC) conveyD) contribute4. Three university departments have been S600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A) promotedB) includedC) securedD) awarded5. The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the in which people communicate across time and space.A) moodB)missionC)mannerD) vision6. Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and the closing of all recreation facilities for such games.A) assistsB) acknowledgesC) advocates7. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on suchheavy housework as carrying water and firewood.A) time-consumedB) timely-consumedC) time-consumingD) timely-consuming8.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely to the outside world.A) having been lostB) to be lostC) losingD) lost9. The police are trying to find out the of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A) evidenceB) recognitionC) statusD) identity10. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the they keep from someone they talk with.A) distanceC)rangeD)boundary11. We have planned an exciting publicity with our advertisers.A) struggleB)campaignC) battleD) conflict12. the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A) BesidesB) Regardless ofC) But forD) Despite13. John doesn't believe in medicine; he has some remedies of his own.A) standardB) regularC)routineD) conventional14. Owing to competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably.B) strainedC) eagerD) critical15. Though in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A)grownB) raisedC) tendedD) cultivated16. If people feel hopeless, they don't bother to the skills they need to succeed.A) adoptB) acquireC) accumulateD) assemble17. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was of cheating customers.A) accusedB) chargedC) scoldedD) cursed18. All her energies are upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.A) guidedB) aimedC) directedD) focused19. Everyone should be to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A) attributedB) entitledC) identifiedD) justified20. His wife is constantly finding with him, which makes him very angry.A)errorsB) shortcomingsC) faultD) flawPart I Grammar (10 Points)Please read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct word forms.21.(finish) preparing dinner, she stood at the front door waitingfor her children to return.22. The boy had no choice but (follow) his father into the room.23. While (apply) for a job, the graduate student got an offer to study abroad.24. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are (aim) at making her fall in love with him. 25. Perhaps the most popular tourist attraction on the island is the beautiful beach (offer) warm water, abundant sea life, and clean sand.26. Asking about a lady's age is considered to be an (embarrass) question in western cultures.27. In Chinese culture, "red" (represent) happiness, while in some western countries,"red" is more connected with danger and warning. 28. Recently a kind of traditional Chinese medicine is quite popular in the United States, for it is effective (cure) patients of their cough. 29. Only 10 out of the 97 passengers (survive) the plane crash in Russia last month.30. The mayor awarded the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in (rescue) the earthquake victims.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Some of the world's most significant problems hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's major crops. Anew study by the University of Minnesota and MeGill University in Montreal looks at where,and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice,wheat,corn and soybeans(大豆).They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown.One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world's most populous(人口多的)countries,India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slowdown or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in cornand soybeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that "we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world."The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says,thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wildemess. This could happen.The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.31. What does the author try to draw attention to?A) Food riots and hunger in the world.B) The decline of the grain yield growth.C) News headlines in the leading media.D) The food supply in populous countries.32.Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B) Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C) Their big populations are causing world wide concerns.D) Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.33.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A) They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B) They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C) They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.34.What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A) The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B) The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C) The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.35. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organization?A) It is built on the findings of a new study.B) It is based on a doubtful assumption.C) It is backed by strong evidence.D) It is open to further discussion.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people. And they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young andthe idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy(预期寿命),combined with there placement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management know how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.36. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A) Younger people are replacing the elderly.B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.C) Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D) People with no college degree do not easily find work.37. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A) Longer life expectancies.B) A rapid technological advance.C) Profound changes in the workforce.D) A growing number of the well-educated.38. What do many observers predict in vie w of the experience of the 20th century?A) Economic growth will slow down.B) Government budgets will increase.C) More people will try to pursue higher education.D) There will be more competition in the job market.39. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A) Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B) More people have to receive in-service training.C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D) People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.40. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A) Computers will do more complicated work.B) More will be taken by the educated young.C)Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the"life-enriching" level. While other levels involve physical satisfaction——the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body——this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of whichcould be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases,or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action.Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease,ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.41. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when .A) he has saved up enough moneyB) he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelterC) He has satisfied his hungerD) He has learned to build houses42. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War II most Americans .A) were very richB) lived in povertyC) had the good things on the first three levelsD) did not own automobiles43.All of the following EXCEPT are related to "physical satisfactions".A) a successful careerB) a cozy homeD) a family carC) a new house44. All of the following EXCEPT belong to the wants on the fourth level.A) going for holiday tripsB) finding a shelterC) going to a cinemaD) the best medical care45. The author tends to think that a fifth level .A) would be little better than the fourth levelB) may be a lot more desirable than the first fourC) can be the last and most satisfying levelD) will become attainable if the government takes actionsPassage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes. One of the big questions being debated today is: What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave "in the cloud," to be accessed as necessary?An increasingly powerful group within education are championing "digital literacy". In their view, skills beat, knowledge, developing "digital literacy" is more important than learning mere content, and all facts are now Google-able and therefore unworthy of committing to memory. But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won't help students and workers navigate the world if they don't have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates. If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content, you're doing kids a disservice.Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge. Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable: thinking well requires knowing facts, and that's true not only because you need something to think about. The very processes that teachers care about most-—critical thinking processes—are intimately intertwined (交织) with factual knowledge that is stored in long-termmemory.In order words, just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn't mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump. There is no doubt that the students of today, and the workers of tomorrow, will need to innovate, collaborate and evaluate. But such skills can't be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them. To innovate, you have to know what, came before. To collaborate, you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture. And to evaluate, you have to compare new information against knowledge you've already mastered.So here's a principle for thinking in a digital world, in two parts. First, acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well. This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills,and it can't be outsourced(外包) to a search engine.Second, take advantage of computers' invariable memory, but also the brain's elaborative memory. Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn't change. But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in interesting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew.46. What is the author's concern about the use of technology?A) It may leave knowledge "in the cloud".B) It may misguide our everyday behavior.C) It may cause a divide in the circles of education.D) It may hinder the development of thinking skills.47. What is the vie w of educators who advocate digital literacy?A) It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will.B) It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge.C) It increase kids' efficiency of acquiring knowledge.D) It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts.48. What does evidence from cognitive science show?A) Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory.B) Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge.C) Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition.D) Critical thinking means challenging existing facts.49. What does the author think is key to making evaluations?A) Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions.B) Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation.C) Connecting new information with one's accumulated knowledge.D) Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened.50. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To warn against learning through memorizing facts.B) To promote educational reform in the information age.C) To explain human brains' function in storing information.D) To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy.Part IV Writing (15 points)For this part, you are supposed to write an essay commenting on the argument "It is useless to learn English as a second foreign language since I major in Japanese." Your essay should emphasize the role of learning English as a second foreign language for Japanese language majors. Please write at least 160 words but no more than 200 words. Part V Translation (15 points)Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.As we enter the 21st century,there is a growing sense of urgency that we need to increase our understanding of people from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. From interpersonal misunderstandings to intercultural conflicts, frictions exist within and between cultures. With rapid changes in global economy, technology, transportation, and immigration policies, the world is becoming a small, intersecting community. We find ourselves in increased contact with people who are culturally different, working side by side with us. From workplace to classroom diversity, different cultural beliefs, values, and communication styles are here to stay. In order to achieve effective intercultural communication, we have to learn to manage differences flexibly and mindfully.。
-历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)
1980-2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案（word版）目录2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 2 -Section Ⅰ Use of English - 2 -Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension - 3 -Part A - 3 -Part B - 8 -Section III Writing - 11 -Party A - 11 -Part B - 11 -2013年考研英语真题答案- 12 -Part A - 12 -Part B: (20 points) - 13 -2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 13 -Section I Use of English - 13 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 15 -Part A - 15 -Part B - 21 -Section III Writing - 23 -Part A - 23 -Part B - 24 -2012考研英语真题答案 - 24 -2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 35 -Section I Use of English - 35 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 35 -Part A - 36 -Part B - 40 -Part C - 41 -Section Ⅲ Writing - 42 -Part A - 42 -Part B - 42 -2011年考研英语真题答案- 42 -2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题49Section I Use of English 49Section II Reading Comprehension 51Part A 51Part B 59Part C 61Section ⅢWriting 62Part A 62Part B 622010年考研英语真题答案632009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题65 Section I Use of English 65Section II Reading Comprehension 67Part A 67Part B 73Part C 75Section ⅢWriting 75Part A 75Part B 752009年考研英语真题答案752008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题75 Section I Use of English 75Section II Reading Comprehension 75Part A 75Part B 75Part C 77Section III Writing 78Part A 78Part B 782008年考研英语真题答案802007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题82 Section I Use of English 82Section II Reading Comprehension 85Part A 85Part B 92Part C 94Section III Writing 95Part A 95Part B 952007年考研英语真题答案962006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题98 Section I Use of English 98Section II Reading Comprehension 101Part A 101Part B 102Part C 102Section III Writing 102Part A 102Part B 1022006年考研英语真题答案1022005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题102 Section I Use of English 102Section II Reading Comprehension 103Part A 103Part B 110Part C 112Section III Writing 113Part A 113Part B 1132005年考研英语真题答案1152004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题117 Section I Listening Comprehension 117Part A 117Part B 117Part C 118Section II Use of English 120Section III Reading Comprehension 124 Part A 124Part B 130Section IV Writing 1322004年考研英语真题答案1332003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题135 Section I Listening Comprehension 135Part A 135Part B 135Part C 136Section II Use of English 138Section III Reading Comprehension 142 Part A 142Part B 149Section IV Writing 1492003年考研英语真题答案1512002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题153 Section I Listening Comprehension 153Part A 153Part B 154Part C 154Section II Use of English 157Section III Reading Comprehension 161 Part A 161Part B 168Section IV Writing 1682002年考研英语真题答案1702001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题172 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 172Part A 172Part B 174Section II Cloze Test 178Section III Reading Comprehension 182 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 189 Section V Writing 1902001年考研英语真题答案1922000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题194 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 194Part A 194Part B 196Part C 197Section II Cloze Test 202Section III Reading Comprehension 203 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 211 Section V Writing 2122000年考研英语真题答案2131999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题215 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 215Part A 215Part B 217Part C 218Section II Cloze Test 222Section III Reading Comprehension 224 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 232 Section V Writing 2321999年考研英语真题答案2341998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题236 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 236Part A 236Part B 238Part C 239Section II Cloze Test 243Section III Reading Comprehension 245Section IV English-Chinese Translation 253 Section V Writing 2541998年考研英语真题答案2561997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题258 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 258Part A 258Part B 260Part C 261Section II Cloze Test 265Section III Reading Comprehension 267 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 274 Section V Writing 2751997年考研英语真题答案2771996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题279 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 279Part A 279Part B 281Part C 282Section II Cloze Test 286Section III Reading Comprehension 288 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 295 Section V Writing 2961996年考研英语真题答案2971995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题299 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 299Part A 299Part B 301Part C 302Section II Cloze Test 306Section III Reading Comprehension 308 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 315 Section V Writing 3161995年考研英语真题答案3171994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题319 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 319Part A 319Part B 321Part C 322Section II Cloze Test 326Section III Reading Comprehension 328 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 335Section V Writing 3351994年考研英语真题答案3371993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题339 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 339 Section II Reading Comprehension 344 Section III Cloze Test 349Section IV Error-detection and Correction 352 Section V English-Chinese Translation 354 Section VI Writing 3541993年考研英语真题答案3561992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题358 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 358 Section II Reading Comprehension 363 Section III Cloze Test 368Section IV Error-detection and Correction 370 Section V English-Chinese Translation 372 Section VI Writing 3731992年考研英语真题答案3741991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题376 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 376 Section II Reading Comprehension 381 Section III Cloze Test 386Section IV Error-detection and Correction 389 Section V English-Chinese Translation 390 Section VI Writing 3911991年考研英语真题答案3921990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题394 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 394 Section II Reading Comprehension 396 Section III Cloze Test 400Section IV Error-detection and Correction 402 Section V Verb Forms 404Section VI Chinese-English Translation 404 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 405 1990年考研英语真题答案4071989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题409 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 409 Section II Reading Comprehension 411 Section III Cloze Test 416Section IV Error-detection and Correction 418 Section V Verb Forms 419Section VI Chinese-English Translation 420 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 420 1989年考研英语真题答案4221988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题424 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 424 Section II Reading Comprehension 426 Section III Cloze Test 431Section IV Error-detection and Correction 433 Section V Verb Forms 434Section VI Chinese-English Translation 435 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 435 1988年考研英语真题答案4371987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题439 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 439 Section II Reading Comprehension 441 Section III Structure and Vocabulary 445 Section IV Cloze Test 447Section V Verb Forms 449Section VI Error-detection and Correction 450 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 452 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 452 1987年考研英语真题答案4541986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题456 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 456 Section II Cloze Test 458Section III Reading Comprehension 460 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 463 Section V Error-detection and Correction 465 Section VI Verb Forms 467Section VII Chinese-English Translation 467 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 468 1986年考研英语真题答案4691985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题471 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 471 Section II Cloze Test 473Section III Reading Comprehension 476 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 477 Section V Error-detection and Correction 479 Section VI Verb Forms 480Section VII Chinese-English Translation 481 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4821985年考研英语真题答案4841984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题487 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 487 Section II Cloze Test 492Section III Reading Comprehension 494 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 495 Section V Error-detection and Correction 497 Section VI Verb Forms 499Section VII Chinese-English Translation 500 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 500 1984年考研英语真题答案5021983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题505 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 505 Section II Verb Forms 507Section III Error-detection 507Section IV Cloze Test 508Section V Reading Comprehension 511 Section VI Structure and Vocabulary 512 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 514 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 514 1983年考研英语真题答案5161982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题518 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 518 Section II Verb Forms 520Section III Error-detection 521Section IV Cloze Test 522Section V Reading Comprehension 524 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 526 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 526 1982年考研英语真题答案5291981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题531 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 531 Section II Error-detection 534Section III Sentence Making 535Section IV Verb Forms 535Section V Cloze Test 536Section VI Chinese-English Translation 537 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 537 1981年考研英语真题答案5401980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题543 Section I Use of Prepositions 543Section II Verb Tenses 543Section III Verb Forms 544Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 545Section V Error-detection 547Section VI Chinese-English Translation 548Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5481980年考研英语真题答案5512013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal-- meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that--and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores aroundthe world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person--and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes--and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment--including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line--Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and。
-历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)
1980-2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案（word版）目录2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 2 -Section Ⅰ Use of English - 2 -Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension - 3 -Part A - 3 -Part B - 8 -Section III Writing - 11 -Party A - 11 -Part B - 11 -2013年考研英语真题答案- 12 -Part A - 12 -Part B: (20 points) - 13 -2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 13 -Section I Use of English - 13 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 15 -Part A - 15 -Part B - 21 -Section III Writing - 23 -Part A - 23 -Part B - 24 -2012考研英语真题答案 - 24 -2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 35 -Section I Use of English - 35 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 35 -Part A - 36 -Part B - 40 -Part C - 41 -Section Ⅲ Writing - 42 -Part A - 42 -Part B - 42 -2011年考研英语真题答案- 42 -2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题49Section I Use of English 49Section II Reading Comprehension 51Part A 51Part B 59Part C 61Section ⅢWriting 62Part A 62Part B 622010年考研英语真题答案632009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题65 Section I Use of English 65Section II Reading Comprehension 67Part A 67Part B 73Part C 75Section ⅢWriting 75Part A 75Part B 752009年考研英语真题答案752008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题75 Section I Use of English 75Section II Reading Comprehension 75Part A 75Part B 75Part C 77Section III Writing 78Part A 78Part B 782008年考研英语真题答案802007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题82 Section I Use of English 82Section II Reading Comprehension 85Part A 85Part B 92Part C 94Section III Writing 95Part A 95Part B 952007年考研英语真题答案962006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题98 Section I Use of English 98Section II Reading Comprehension 101Part A 101Part B 102Part C 102Section III Writing 102Part A 102Part B 1022006年考研英语真题答案1022005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题102 Section I Use of English 102Section II Reading Comprehension 103Part A 103Part B 110Part C 112Section III Writing 113Part A 113Part B 1132005年考研英语真题答案1152004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题117 Section I Listening Comprehension 117Part A 117Part B 117Part C 118Section II Use of English 120Section III Reading Comprehension 124 Part A 124Part B 130Section IV Writing 1322004年考研英语真题答案1332003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题135 Section I Listening Comprehension 135Part A 135Part B 135Part C 136Section II Use of English 138Section III Reading Comprehension 142 Part A 142Part B 149Section IV Writing 1492003年考研英语真题答案1512002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题153 Section I Listening Comprehension 153Part A 153Part B 154Part C 154Section II Use of English 157Section III Reading Comprehension 161 Part A 161Part B 168Section IV Writing 1682002年考研英语真题答案1702001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题172 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 172Part A 172Part B 174Section II Cloze Test 178Section III Reading Comprehension 182 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 189 Section V Writing 1902001年考研英语真题答案1922000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题194 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 194Part A 194Part B 196Part C 197Section II Cloze Test 202Section III Reading Comprehension 203 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 211 Section V Writing 2122000年考研英语真题答案2131999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题215 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 215Part A 215Part B 217Part C 218Section II Cloze Test 222Section III Reading Comprehension 224 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 232 Section V Writing 2321999年考研英语真题答案2341998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题236 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 236Part A 236Part B 238Part C 239Section II Cloze Test 243Section III Reading Comprehension 245Section IV English-Chinese Translation 253 Section V Writing 2541998年考研英语真题答案2561997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题258 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 258Part A 258Part B 260Part C 261Section II Cloze Test 265Section III Reading Comprehension 267 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 274 Section V Writing 2751997年考研英语真题答案2771996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题279 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 279Part A 279Part B 281Part C 282Section II Cloze Test 286Section III Reading Comprehension 288 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 295 Section V Writing 2961996年考研英语真题答案2971995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题299 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 299Part A 299Part B 301Part C 302Section II Cloze Test 306Section III Reading Comprehension 308 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 315 Section V Writing 3161995年考研英语真题答案3171994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题319 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 319Part A 319Part B 321Part C 322Section II Cloze Test 326Section III Reading Comprehension 328 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 335Section V Writing 3351994年考研英语真题答案3371993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题339 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 339 Section II Reading Comprehension 344 Section III Cloze Test 349Section IV Error-detection and Correction 352 Section V English-Chinese Translation 354 Section VI Writing 3541993年考研英语真题答案3561992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题358 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 358 Section II Reading Comprehension 363 Section III Cloze Test 368Section IV Error-detection and Correction 370 Section V English-Chinese Translation 372 Section VI Writing 3731992年考研英语真题答案3741991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题376 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 376 Section II Reading Comprehension 381 Section III Cloze Test 386Section IV Error-detection and Correction 389 Section V English-Chinese Translation 390 Section VI Writing 3911991年考研英语真题答案3921990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题394 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 394 Section II Reading Comprehension 396 Section III Cloze Test 400Section IV Error-detection and Correction 402 Section V Verb Forms 404Section VI Chinese-English Translation 404 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 405 1990年考研英语真题答案4071989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题409 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 409 Section II Reading Comprehension 411 Section III Cloze Test 416Section IV Error-detection and Correction 418 Section V Verb Forms 419Section VI Chinese-English Translation 420 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 420 1989年考研英语真题答案4221988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题424 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 424 Section II Reading Comprehension 426 Section III Cloze Test 431Section IV Error-detection and Correction 433 Section V Verb Forms 434Section VI Chinese-English Translation 435 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 435 1988年考研英语真题答案4371987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题439 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 439 Section II Reading Comprehension 441 Section III Structure and Vocabulary 445 Section IV Cloze Test 447Section V Verb Forms 449Section VI Error-detection and Correction 450 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 452 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 452 1987年考研英语真题答案4541986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题456 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 456 Section II Cloze Test 458Section III Reading Comprehension 460 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 463 Section V Error-detection and Correction 465 Section VI Verb Forms 467Section VII Chinese-English Translation 467 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 468 1986年考研英语真题答案4691985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题471 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 471 Section II Cloze Test 473Section III Reading Comprehension 476 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 477 Section V Error-detection and Correction 479 Section VI Verb Forms 480Section VII Chinese-English Translation 481 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4821985年考研英语真题答案4841984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题487 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 487 Section II Cloze Test 492Section III Reading Comprehension 494 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 495 Section V Error-detection and Correction 497 Section VI Verb Forms 499Section VII Chinese-English Translation 500 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 500 1984年考研英语真题答案5021983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题505 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 505 Section II Verb Forms 507Section III Error-detection 507Section IV Cloze Test 508Section V Reading Comprehension 511 Section VI Structure and Vocabulary 512 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 514 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 514 1983年考研英语真题答案5161982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题518 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 518 Section II Verb Forms 520Section III Error-detection 521Section IV Cloze Test 522Section V Reading Comprehension 524 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 526 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 526 1982年考研英语真题答案5291981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题531 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 531 Section II Error-detection 534Section III Sentence Making 535Section IV Verb Forms 535Section V Cloze Test 536Section VI Chinese-English Translation 537 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 537 1981年考研英语真题答案5401980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题543 Section I Use of Prepositions 543Section II Verb Tenses 543Section III Verb Forms 544Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 545Section V Error-detection 547Section VI Chinese-English Translation 548Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5481980年考研英语真题答案5512013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal-- meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that--and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores aroundthe world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person--and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes--and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment--including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line--Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and。
江苏大学外国语学院241日语(二外)历年考研真题专业课考试试题
目 录
2015年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研样题2014年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研样题2013年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研样题2012年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研真题2011年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研真题2010年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研真题2009年江苏大学外国语学院212日语（二外）考研真题2008年江苏大学外国语学院212日语（二外）考研真题2007年江苏大学外国语学院212日语（二外）考研真题2006年江苏大学外国语学院日语（二外）考研真题2005年江苏大学外国语学院日语（二外）考研真题2004年江苏大学外国语学院日语（二外）考研真题
2015年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二
外）考研样题。
1994—2017年历年考研英语真题集+答案[1]
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1994—2017年历年考研英语真题集含答案2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold, and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____（19）in the brain, where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology.1. A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2. A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3. A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice4. A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5. A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6. A．on B．in C．at D．of7. A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8. A．along B．across C．down D．out9. A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errorsD．tests13.A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared15.A．assess B．generate C．moderate D．record16. A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influences1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite【答案】A【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。