11月CATTI二级笔译综合能力阅读题
2013到2011年CATTI二级笔译真题及参考答案
2013年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delano? has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, thesheep are doing here.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 1 （选题一）Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with itselegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason — I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’ ”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.201211 Passage 1Tucked away in this small village in Buckinghamshire County is the former Elizabethan coaching inn where William Shakespeare is said to have penned part of "A Midsummer Night's Dream."Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.It was "Brief Lives," a 17th-century collection of biographies by John Aubrey, that linked Shakespeare to the inn, saying that he had stayed there and drawn inspiration for the comedy while in the village.One of the current owners, Nick Underwood, said the local lore goes even further: "It is also said he appears at the oriel window on the top floor of the house on April 23 every year -- the date he is said to have been born and to have died.""In later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off," Mr. Underwood said. "In the 20th century, it was owned by two American families." Now, he and his co-owner, Roy Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market at ￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million. Despite its varied uses and renovations over the years, the 4,250-square-foot, or 395-square-meter, inn has retained so much of its original character that the organization English Heritage lists it as a Grade II* property, indicating that it is particularly important and of "more than special interest." Only 27 percent of the 1,600 buildings on the organization's register have this designation.We knew of the house before we bought it and were very excited when it came up for sale. It is so unusual to find an Elizabethan property of this size, in this area, and when we saw it, we absolutely fell in love with it," Mr. Underwood said. "We have taken great pleasure in working on it and living here. This house is all about the history."In addition to being the owners' home, the property currently is run as a luxury guest house, with rooms rented for ₤99 to ₤250 a night."Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said DeanHeaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency, which is representing the owners. "It has been beautif-ully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."Passage 2The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock.The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea.Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers.Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimetres last century.)The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves fieldand satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods,Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago. Passage 1中国是一个发展中国家。
英语二级笔译11月真题+答案解析
英译汉 passage1Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.苹果可能是世界上唯一敢自比毕加索的科技公司。
(相媲美的)1. dare：A. (have the courage)敢to dare (to) do [something]敢做某事she dare(s) not or daren't or doesn't dare leave the baby alone 她不敢让宝宝独自待着I dare say, ...也许，…B.激to dare [somebody] to do [something]激某人做某事somebody dared me to jump off the bridge有人激我从桥上跳下去I dare you to ask her (to dance)我谅你不敢邀请她（跳舞）dare加to和不加to是有不同意思的，要加以区别。
In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor （导师）likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Bull to the way Apple builds its smart phones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.在苹果公司内部大学的一堂课上，讲师曾提到毕加索绘制名画《公牛》时的11 块石版画，他认为苹果打造智能手机等设备的过程与之类似。
11月CATTI二级笔译真题
20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文(2017-11-08 20:05:12)转载▼标签：英语翻译英语学习20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文EC Passage 1You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.你有过这种经历吗？手机一时放错了地方，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回寻找；手机从不离身，总是握在手里，揣在兜里或者放在包里，时刻准备回复消息，查找内容。
一整天过去了，一旦发现手机没电，简直觉得自己也要没电了。
最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理动因：根据依恋理论，手机简直成了我们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。
2018年11 月CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题与答案 完整版
2018年11 月CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题与答案【英译汉】【Passage 1】New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。
火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。
在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。
基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到300英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英里土地，共有35处建筑遭摧毁。
There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoodswhere cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents – a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800社区居民被疏散。
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案第一部分英译汉必译题This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially in some of the poorest countries.Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds - have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow - and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.参照译文：本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。
2020年11月翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级笔译原题
2020年11月翻译专业资格考试（CATTI）二级笔译实务英语【英译汉】第一篇：The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fueling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, "total factor productivity growth" – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs – grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percent in emerging and developing economies.The financial crisis added to this deceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy makers did not materialize.Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Four Industrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labour markets.Adaption is critical. We need a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.Sustainable economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people – or 46 percent of the world's population – lived on less than US$5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20 percent of African’s population is undernourished. The "zero hunger" target will almost certainly be missed.【英译汉】第二篇：In the mid-1800s a caterpillar, the size of a human finger, began spreading across the northeastern U.S. This appearance of the tomato hornworm was followed by terrifying reports of fatal poisonings and aggressive behavior towards people. In July 1869 newspapers across the region posted warnings about the insect, reporting that a girl had died after a run-in with the creature. That fall a local newspaper printed an account from a doctor. The physician warned that the caterpillar was "as poisonous as a rattlesnake" and said he knew of three deaths linked to its venom.Although the hornworm is a voracious eater that can strip a tomato plant in a matter of days, it is, in fact, harmless to humans. Entomologists had known the insect to be innocuous for decades, and his claims were widely mocked by experts. So why did the rumors persist even though the truth was readily available? People are social learners. We develop most of our beliefs from the testimony of trusted others such as our teachers, parents and friends. This social transmission of knowledge is at the heart of culture and science. But as the tomato hornworm story shows us, our ability has a gaping vulnerability: sometimes the ideas we spread are wrong.Over the past five years the ways in which the social transmission of knowledge can fail us have come into sharp falls. Misinformation shared on social media has fueled an epidemic of false belief. The same basic mechanisms that spread fear about the tomato hornworm have now intensified – and, in some cases, led to – a profound public mistrust of basic societal institution."Misinformation" may seem like a misnomer here. After all, many of today's most damaging false beliefs are initially driven by acts of disinformation, which are deliberately deceptive and intended to cause harm. But part of what makes disinformation so effective in an age of social media is the fact that people who are exposed to it share it widely among friends and peers who trust them, with no intention of misleading anyone. Social media transforms disinformation into misinformation. Many social scientists have tried to understand how false beliefs persist by modeling the spread of ideas as a contagion. In a contagion model, ideas are like viruses that go from mind to mind. You start with a network, which consists of nodes, representing individuals, and edges, which represent social connections. You seed an idea in one "mind" and see how it spreads.【汉译英】第一篇：2019 年 12 月，发现了一批聚集性肺炎病例。
CATTI201111二级笔译实务汉译英第1篇原文+答案
原文中国是最大的发展中国家。
多年来，中国在致力于自身发展的同时，始终坚持向经济困难的其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，承担相应国际义务。
中国仍量力而行，尽力开展对外援助，帮助受援国增强自主发展能力，丰富和改善人民生活，促进经济发展和社会进步。
中国的对外援助，发展巩固了与广大发展中国家的友好关系和经贸合作，推动了南南合作，为人类社会共同发展作出了积极贡献。
中国对外援助坚持平等互利，注重实效，与时俱进，不附带任何政治条件，形成了具有自身特色的模式。
中国的对外援助政策具有鲜明的时代特征，符合自身国情和受援国发展需要。
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、经济发展不平衡。
发展仍然是中国长期面临的艰巨任务，这决定了中国的对外援助属于南南合作范畴，是发展中国家间的相互帮助。
中国对外援助政策坚持平等互利、共同发展、坚持与时俱进。
当前，全球发展环境依然十分严峻。
国际金融危机影响尚未消退，气候变化、粮食危机、能源资源安全、流行性疾病等全球性问题给发展中国家带来新的挑战，新形势下，中国对外援助事业任重道远。
中国政府将着力优化对外援助结构，提高对外援助质量，进一步增强受援国自主发展能力，提高援助的针对性和实效性。
中国作为国际社会的重要成员，将一如既往地推进南南合作，在经济不断发展的基础上逐步加大对外援助投入，与世界各国一道，推动实现联合国千年发展目标，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而不懈努力。
参考译文一/thread-3069169-1-1.htmlChina is a developing country. Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.China remains a developing country with a low per-capita income and a large poverty-stricken population. In spite of this, China has been doing its best to provide foreign aid, to help recipient countries to strengthen their self-development capacity, enrich and improve their peoples’ livelihood, and p romote their economic growth and social progress. Through foreign aid, China has consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with other developing countries, promoted South-South cooperation and contributed to the common development of mankind.Adhering to equality and mutual benefit, stressing substantial results, and keeping pace with the times without imposing any political conditions on recipient countries, China’s foreign aid has emerged as a model with its own characteristics.C hina’s foreign aid policy adheres to equality, mutual benefit and common development, and keeps pace with the times.China’s foreign aid policy has distinct characteristics of the times. It is suited both to China’s actual conditions and the needs of the recipient countries. China has been constantly enriching, improving and developing the Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries —the guiding principles of China’s foreign aid put forward in the 1960s. China is the world’s largest developing country, with a large population, a poor foundation and uneven economic development. As development remains an arduous and long-standing task, China’s foreign aid falls into the category of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between developing countries.Currently, the environment for global development is not favor-able. With the repercussions of the international financial crisis continuing to linger, global concerns such as climate change, food crisis, energy and resource security, and epidemic of diseases have brought new challenges to developing countries.Against this background, China has a long way to go in providing foreign aid. The Chinese government will make efforts to optimize the country’s foreign aid structure, i mprove the quality of foreign aid, further increase recipient countries’ capacity in independent development, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of foreign aid. As an important member of the international community, China will continue to promote South-South cooperation, as italways has done, gradually increase its foreign aid input on the basis of the continuous development of its economy, promote the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and make unremitting efforts to build, together with other countries, a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace.参考译文二Helen翻译China is the largest developing country. For many years, while China is committed to its own development, all the time it has been persisting in its effort to provide as much aid as it can, meanwhile undertaking corresponding international obligations.According to its own abilities, China also has tried to carry out foreign aid program to help strengthen the independent development ability of recipient countries, to enrich and improve their peoples’ lives, and to promote economic development and social advances in these countries. China’s foreign assistance has developed and consolidated the friendly relationship and economy & trade cooperation with a wide range of developing countries, and prompted the South-South cooperation, which makes active contributes to common development of the whole human society.China’s foreign aid abides by equality and mutual benefits, meanwhile stressing actual effect, progressing with time, and without any political conditions, thus forms a pattern with its own characteristics. China’s foreign aid possesses obvious features of times, conforming to China’s own conditions as well as the needs of countries aided. China is the largest developing country, with a huge population, weak economic foundation, and unbalanced economic development in different regions. Development is still the arduous task facing China in the long run, which determines that the South-South nature of its foreign aid, a kind of help among developing countries.The policy of China’s foreign aid sticks to equality and mutual benefits, mutual development, persisting in progressing with time.Currently, the environment of global development is still very severe, with such global problems as unabated impact of international financial crisis, climate change, food crisis, energy source safety and epidemic diseases posing new challenges to developing countries. Under new circumstances, the course of China’s foreign aid has a far distance to go. Chinese government will focus on optimizing the structure of its foreign assistance, improving its quality, strengthening the independent development of recipient countries, and enhancing the pertinence and efficiency. As an important member within international community, China will promote South-South cooperation, and gradually enlarge foreign-aid input based on its continually economic development. China will also, together with other countries, promote the actualization of UN millenary development target, and make unswerving effort for the construction of a harmonious world with lasting peace and mutual prosperity.。
英语翻译二级笔译实务真题2018年11月及答案解析
英语翻译二级笔译实务真题2018年11月及答案解析(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it´s always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New rese arch shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve a s “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence onparents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” object. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects.”Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. People also like to be near their phones: A 2013 survey cited by the Hungarian team. Nearly as many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phone.Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re no t talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”.________下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat gaginst environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world.. production .health education in developing countries. But some argue that it´s a vague idea, some organizations may use it in it´s own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs,habitude and people.Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country´s economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state forarmaments can be fatal.For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods.Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.________上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.Part A Compulsory Translation第3题人类在漫长发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明，中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成部分。
2004年catti法语二级笔译综合能力试题
2004年11月法语二级笔译综合能力试题试题部分：Partie IVocabulaire et grammaire (30 points)I. Remplissez les blancs en faisant le bon choix.1.Ses habits brûlaient. Malgré d’atroces souffrances, l’héroïque soldat ne bougeapoint. Il savait que le moindre mouvement ________ sa présence dans le bois.montreraitexprimerait B.A.trahirait D.indiqueraitC.2.Une voiture roulant à toute vitesse risque de se renverser si elle bute ________ unobstacle.A. surB. contreC. parD. à3.Pourquoi ________-tu à nous répondre ? Tu sais pourtant que nous sommesimpatients de connaître ton opinion.retardesA.B.t’attardesajournesD.C.tardes4.Aux Jeux Olympiques de 1984, la Chine a obtenu son statut de grande nation dusport : elle a remporté alors 15 médailles d’or, ________ qui lui a permis de se hisser à la quatrième place mondiale.unevictoireB.unA.chiffreperformanceuneC.score D.un5.Selon cet auteur, ceux qui parlent « d’abattre les cloisons entre les cultures »devraient y réfléchir à deux fois et ceux qui parlent « d’exclure les éléments étrangers » feraient bien d’en faire ________.tantA.autant B.C. aussiD. beaucoup6. Longtemps considéré comme le principal signe extérieur de la puissance de l’Etat,le patrimoine immobilier français semble aujourd’hui symboliser tous ses ________.A. erreursB. errementsC. errancesD. égarements7. Les patrons de ces cinq laboratoires pharmaceutiques français ont décidéd’officialiser les échanges ________ qu’ils avaient déjà sur le secteur pharmaceutique en France.A. informelsB. informesC. informésD. informulés8. Aucune proposition n’a été faite à cet écrivain pour participer à ________manifestation officielle que ce soit.A. quelqueB. quelque queC. n’importe quelleD. quelle9. ________ ses qualités musicales, ce chœur chinois a été choisi pour effectuer unetournée en France en juillet-août 2005.A. Donnant raison àB. Ayant raison deC. En raison deD. A raison de10. Madame Lambert, après ________ poliment des travaux de son ancien patron,appela sa secrétaire et lui remit les deux visiteurs avec beaucoup de paroles courtoises.A. s’enquérirB. s’être enquisC. s’être enquiseD. avoir enquis11. Tout d’abord, la jeune fille regarda timidement ________ des hautes herbes et desbranches qui cachaient l’entrée de la caverne. Puis elle s’aventura au-dehors.A. en traversB. à la traverseC. de traversD. au travers12. La sonnerie du téléphone la fit ________ et elle saisit vivement l’appareil pour nepas troubler le repos de toute la maison.A. sauterB. sursauterC. bondirD. tressaillir13. Rome, malgré tant de fléaux qui s’étaient abattus sur elle, avait montré à l’égarddu passé un grand pouvoir de conservation, au point de garder depuis deux mille ans des ________ de chaque époque.A. vestigesB. vertigesC. empreintesD. ruines14. Il ne doutait plus qu’il fût le premier habitant de Paris dont la voiture ne ________place nulle part, ni dans les garages, ni dans les cours, ni dans les rues.A. trouveB. trouvaC. trouvâtD. trouvera15. En France, un collégien et ________ un lycéen coûtent annuellement plus cherqu’un étudiant d’université.A. sans raisonB. à plus forte raisonC. plus que de raisonD. avec raisonII. Parmi les quatre réponses, choisissez celle qui correspond le mieux auxtermes soulignés.16. Une dame d’un certain âge s’approcha de moi et me fit signe de la suivre.A. d’un âge certainB. âgéeC. qui n’est plus jeuneD. jeune17. Entre 1900 et 1904, Picasso ne se décide à s’installer nulle part. En quatre ans, ilfranchit huit fois les Pyrénées. Mais en 1904, il dit adieu à la Catalogne. Cette fois, il s’établit pour de bon à Paris.A. définitivementB. réellementC. pour son bienD. confortablement18. Complétez cette phrase avec les mots écrits au tableau et ajoutez un article défini ou indéfini s’il y a lieu.A. s’il y a de la placeB. s’il est nécessaireC. s’il y a une placeD. s’il y a de l’espace19. Les organisations syndicales et patronales ainsi que le gouvernement sont embarqués dans la même galère avec cette crise.A. sont montés à bord du même bateauB. sont montés à bord du même navireC. se trouvent dans la même situationD. se trouvent dans la même situation extrêmement pénible20.Sur la question de savoir s’il faut permettre aux jeunes musulmanes de porter leurvoile à l’école, les avis sont partagés.unanimesB.A.différentsC. mêmesD. communs21.Sa maison et lui se ressemblaient. On aurait dit l’huître et son rocher.A. On pensait que c’étaitB. C’était commeC. On pourrait dire que c’étaitD. C’était22.Récemment, on a mené à Paris une enquête sur les prix de détail. Ce n’est pas uneétude exhaustive, mais elle montre que le coût de la vie a fortement augmenté depuis deux ans.convaincanteimportante B.A.préliminaireD.complèteC.23.Le lendemain matin, on leur confirma que, sauf un ordre qui pouvait survenirinopinément, ils allaient sans doute rester quelques jours à Marseille.A. immédiatementB. tout de suiteC. à tout instantD. d’une manière imprévue24.Dans les semaines qui suivirent, les amis de Claude lui trouvèrent un air combléqu’ils ne lui avaient jamais connu.satisfaitheureux B.A.satisfait D.ravipleinementC.25.M. Karl demanda au gardien, dont il avait su mieux que son compagnon s’attirerles bonnes grâces, s’il était possible de voir le dedans d’une de ces armoires.B.lafaveurcharmeA.leC. les manières gracieusesD. la bienveillance26.A Paris, une heureuse indiscipline semble être de règle, chaque personne paraîtn’en faire qu’à sa tête et avoir un ardent besoin de se singulariser.A. n’avoir qu’une idée en têteB. avoir la tête dureC. avoir toute sa têteD. ne suivre que son caprice27.Le portrait de Mona Lisa est aujourd’hui accroché de manière provisoire dans lasalle Rosa. En avril 2005, la Joconde doit gagner un espace aménagé pour elle dans la salle des Etats. Là, elle pourra affronter dans des conditions optimales l’afflux des visiteurs.A. qui seront meilleuresB. qui seront les meilleures possiblesC. qui seront optimistesD. qui seront plus favorables28.Selon Dominique Antoine, haut fonctionnaire du ministère de l’Educationnationale, le sens de la hiérarchie ne doit pas stériliser l’imagination, sous peine de créer une culture d’exécution.A. afin deB. avec la difficulté deC. sous menace deD. de peur de29.Dans cet immeuble-ci, l’escalier est un lieu vétuste, d’une propreté douteuse, quid’étage en étage se dégrade selon les conventions de la respectabilité bourgeoise.B.propretrèsimpropreA.loucheéquivoque D.C.30.Huit heures par jour dans un bureau ou un atelier, cela crée des liens et favorise leséchanges. L’éducation des enfants, les résultats électoraux ou sportifs, les critiques de films, les recettes de cuisine, tout y passe.A. tout y disparaîtB. on dit tout en passantC. on passe sur toutD. on parle de toutPartie IICompréhension (30 points)Lisez les textes suivants et choisissez la meilleure réponse selon le contexte.I. Entre les « moi-je » et les « moi-nous »V ous voulez mon portrait ? D’accord, j’aime parler de moi. Seulement, arrêtez de me dire « jeune homme », je m’appelle Narcisse et j’ai 25 ans.V ous avez sans doute remarqué ma nouvelle coupe de cheveux en brosse et ma cravate rose. La mode, j’en ai rien à faire ! Il s’agit de plaire, c’est tout.V ous ne me félicitez pas sur ma ligne ? Tous les matins, qu’il fasse froid ou qu’il fasse chaud : gymnastique et body-building, plus un régime évidemment.Le luxe, j’aime. J’ai un faible pour tous les gadgets, tous ces trucs inutiles mais chics, chers et marrants, comme cette montre électronique extra-plate.Où je trouve de l’argent pour acheter tout ça ? Eh bien ! je me débrouille. J’achète et je vends, n’importe quoi. Et puis je travaille, il le faut bien, mais le moins possible !La vie communautaire ? C’est pas mon truc. Vivent les différences et chacun pour soi.La politique ? Pour moi, il semble bien que, droite ou gauche, ce soit la même chose. Il faut bien qu’il y ait un Etat, à condition qu’on ne m’interdise rien. Pourquoi est-ce qu’on m’obligerait à porter une ceinture de sécurité en voiture si je n’en avais pas envie ?La solitude ? Oui, c’est vrai, j’angoisse un peu quelquefois...* * *Jean-Christophe, 38 ans, est professeur de mathématiques, lunettes à fine monture, pantalon en velours côtelé, gros pull de laine. A la fac, il a fait partie de la jeunesse des étudiants chrétiens. Il a également été moniteur de colonie de vacances et animateur d’une maison de la culture. Il a vécu dans une communauté où il a découvert la vie de groupe, le partage de l’habitat, des vacances, du jardin et de l’argent... Puis, il a épousé Annie, 36 ans, queue de cheval et talons plats.Leurs deux enfants ont mis, momentanément, un terme à leur appétit de vie associative. Mais Jean-Christophe anime la section locale de la Fédération des parents d’élèves et organise les réunions de locataires de leur HLM. Annie, elle, milite activement à Amnesty International. La politique ? Jean-Christophe, le désillusionné de mai 68, vote socialiste, mais sans enthousiasme.Pour eux, le loisir se vit en famille : piscine, chorale, cinéma, théâtre. Pour les vacances, Jean-Christophe a retapé un camping-car. En hiver, on goûte les joies d’un chalet loué avec un autre couple et leurs enfants. Les amis viennent souvent chez eux, simplement à la bonne franquette. On parle. On commente les articles de Témoignage chrétien, du Monde de l’éducation ou de Libération...31. Selon le texte, les « moi-je » sontA. Narcisse.B. Narcisse et Jean-Christophe.C. Jean-Christophe et Annie.D. Annie.32. Et les « moi-nous » sontA. Narcisse.B. Narcisse et Jean-Christophe.C. Jean-Christophe et Annie.D. Annie.33. « La mode, j’en ai rien à faire ! Il s’agit de plaire, c’est tout ». Narcisse veut direA. que la mode lui plaît, or il ne sait que faire.B. qu’il n’a pas du tout besoin de la mode et qu’il fait son « look » seulementpour plaire aux gens.C. qu’il ne sait rien de la mode et ne s’y plaît donc pas.D. que rien ne lui plaît plus que la mode.34. Au sujet de la politique,A. Narcisse est plutôt pour la droite.B. Narcisse est plutôt pour la gauche.C. Jean-Christophe est plutôt pour la droite.D. Jean-Christophe est plutôt pour la gauche.35. En parlant de la ceinture de sécurité, Narcisse veut direA. qu’il ne porte jamais de ceinture de sécurité en voiture.B. qu’il n’a pas envie de porter une ceinture de sécurité en voiture.C. qu’il ne faut jamais porter de ceinture de sécurité en voiture.D. qu’il doit posséder la liberté de faire ce dont il a envie.36. « Tous les matins, ... : gymnastique et body-building, plus un régimeévidemment. » Il s’agit d’un régimeA. alimentaire.B. d’entraînement sportif.C. politique.D. matinal.II. Informatique : le « soft » fait fort.Le chiffre est passé à peu près inaperçu. En 1989, pourtant, avec environ 1 000 milliards de francs, le chiffre d’affaires mondial de la partie « soft » de l’informatique (logiciels, services) a, pour la première fois, dépassé celui du « hard », le matériel (ordinateurs, périphériques). Or, dans ce domaine, la France occupe le deuxième rang mondial, avec quelque 100 milliards de francs. Parmi les dix premières sociétés mondiales, trois sont françaises. Les explications ne manquent pas et, si aucune d’entre elles ne suffit, l’ensemble donne un bon aperçu de nos atouts.L’informatique correspond parfaitement à notre esprit cartésien.Il s’est trouvé, au moment voulu, entre 1960 et 1970, que de véritables entrepreneurs-pionniers ont su saisir l’opportunité.Paradoxalement, le fait que nos ordinateurs, eux, ne se sont jamais vraiment imposés a obligé les ingénieurs français à travailler sur du matériel américain. Du coup, leur compétence est devenue universelle. Ce n’est d’ailleurs pas un hasard si, dans la micro-informatique, les réussites françaises sont aussi au rendez-vous, avec quelques toutes jeunes sociétés en train de prendre leur part sur le plan mondial.Conclusion : nous n’avons pas de machines, mais nous avons des idées. Et c’est tant mieux, dans un monde où le « hard » va coûter de moins en moins cher, au grand bénéfice de la matière grise.37. Quelle est l’idée directrice du texte ?A. Les Français sont distancés par la concurrence internationale en matièred’informatique.B. La partie « soft » de l’informatique se développe plus rapidement que la partie« hard » dans le monde.C. L’informatique correspond parfaitement à l’esprit des Français.D. Les Français sont bien placés sur le marché international del’informatique.38. Les atouts des Français se trouventA. dans tout le domaine de l’informatique.B. plutôt dans le domaine de « soft » que dans celui de « hard ».C. uniquement dans le domaine de « hard ».D. uniquement dans le domaine de « soft ».39. La « matière grise », évoquée à la fin du texte, signifieA. le « soft ».B. la capacité d’avoir des idées et de créer.C. la matière première, de couleur grise, à fabriquer des ordinateurs.D. l’industrie d’informatique en France.III. Handicapé ? Et alors !Pour les professionnels du tourisme, une personne handicapée est un individu dont toute la mobilité est réduite, par suite d’une incapacité physique (motrice ou sensorielle), d’une déficience intellectuelle, de l’âge, de la maladie ou de toute cause qui engendre un handicap dans l’usage du moyen de transport concerné. Quel que soit votre handicap, nombreuses sont les démarches entreprises pour faciliter votre voyage.Les voyages en avion :Etes-vous INCAD ou FREMEC ?Pour votre confort, informez au préalable la compagnie afin de bénéficier des services spécifiques. Remplissez le formulaire spécifique de renseignements médicaux (documents INCAD), disponible dans tous les aéroports ou agences de voyages et joignez-le à votre demande de réservation. Ce formulaire INCAD (INCapacited passengers handling ADvice), rempli par le passager et son médecin traitant est destiné au service médical de la compagnie. Il autorise un médecin de la compagnie à donner des informations sur l’état de santé du voyageur aux services concernés par le transport (escales, équipages, services techniques) pour que l’accompagnement du passager soit assuré.Pour les passagers dont le handicap est stable et qui voyagent fréquemment (5 voyages minimum par an), mieux vaut demander à votre compagnie la délivrance d’une carte FREMEC (FREquent traveller Medical Card), qui précise la nature du handicap. Cette carte, valable cinq ans maximum, est reconnue par la plupart des grandes compagnies mondiales. Elle permet d’éviter toute confusion quant au degré du handicap et facilite les procédures d’identification à l’occasion de chaque voyage. Lorsque vous avez un numéro attribué, il vous suffit de le communiquer à la compagnie, et le tour est joué !40. Dans le titre, « et alors » s’emploie pourA. accentuer le ton d’interrogation.B. exprimer la surprise.C. répondre à l’interrogation, faisant allusion à toutes les facilités au bénéfice despassagers handicapés.D. exprimer l’incompréhension.41. INCAD et FREMEC se différencient parA. le terme de validité et la nature du handicap.B. le degré du handicap.C. les démarches de demande.D. les procédures d’identification.42. A la fin du texte, « ... et le tour est joué ! » veut direA. qu’on a fait un bon tour à la compagnie.B. qu’on n’aura qu’à attendre son tour de monter dans l’avion.C. que les démarches sont accomplies.D. que la compagnie, à son tour, répondra à la communication du numéro.IV. On se tue à vous le direAvant, c’était simple. Il y avait d’un côté les ouvriers avec le « tu », la casquette et le prénom. De l’autre, les chefs, les patrons et leurs employés, avec le « vous », le trois-pièces et le « Monsieur » - « Madame »...« Appelle-moi Jean-Pierre, je t’appellerai François.– Bien, Monsieur. »Le nouveau venu doit vite décoder les règles de son entreprise, pour éviter gaffes et douches froides. Tout dépend d’abord de ses diplômes : quand Nicolas, ESSEC de 25 ans, adresse son curriculum vitae à Georges, ESSEC de 50 ans, que lui écrit-il ? « Camarade, tu trouveras ci-joint... », même si l’aîné est P.-D.G. et le cadet futur stagiaire. Même école prestigieuse = même famille. Le prénom, premier stade d’une certaine familiarité, vient plus naturellement aux jeunes générations, même dans les banques. « Les postes de commande sont de plus en plus assumés par ceux de la génération post-68, marqués par un désir de rapport moins formel. »Pour le tutoiement, tout dépend finalement de la branche professionnelle et de l’ancienneté de l’entreprise et de ses chefs. Si, dans les assurances, on évite de déjeuner à la même table que ses subordonnés, dans la publicité, Nadine et Jean-Claude se tutoieront, même si l’une est au standard et l’autre à la direction générale.Alors, tout le monde à tu et à toi ? Pas toujours. « Ça ne me dit rien de tutoyer certaines personnes », confie un jeune contrôleur de gestion. « Primo, on n’a pas gardé les cochons ensemble ; secundo, ce n’est pas de gaieté de cœur que je passe dixheures par jour avec certaines personnes, alors pas trop de familiarité. » Plus qu’avant dans l’air du temps, le tutoiement est-il pour autant plus efficace ? Pas pour tout le monde : Le « tu » doit être réservé aux relations d’égal à égal ou du moins sans dépendance professionnelle. Le « vous » impose une distance mais procure une liberté : On marque plus facilement sa distance.Pierre, cadre supérieur, propose le tutoiement à son adjoint Paul. Pierre accepte implicitement d’y perdre en autorité pour y gagner en sympathie, en motivation... ou en concurrence : plus facile pour Paul de remettre en question demain ouvertement le pouvoir de son chef, ou de convoiter sa place.Et les secrétaires des grands patrons ? Appelées par leur prénom, donnant du Monsieur, elles seront les dernières à sentir le souffle du changement.43. Parmi les variables suivantes, lesquelles ne commandent pas l’utilisation du« tu » et du « vous » ?A. Les générations, les désirs personnels.B. Les rapports hiérarchiques, les chefs.C. Les diplômes, l’ancienneté de l’entreprise.D. L’habit, le curriculum vitae.44. « Le prénom, ..., vient plus naturellement aux jeunes générations, même dans lesbanques. » Cela sous-entendA. que les banques constituent une vieille branche professionnelle, dominée parde vieilles règles.B. qu’il y a très peu de jeunes dans les banques.C. que les postes de commande sont assumés par des vieux dans les banques.D. que les jeunes employés de banque sont peu sensibles au souffle duchangement.45. Nicolas tutoie Georges,A. parce que tous deux sont diplômés de l’ESSEC.B. parce qu’ils sont des cousins. La famille s’appelle « ESSEC ».C. parce que Nicolas est un futur stagiaire.D. parce que Georges est le P.-D.G. de l’entreprise.46. Nadine et Jean-Claude se tutoient,A. parce qu’ils déjeunent à la même table dans l’entreprise.B. parce que Nadine est au standard.C. parce que Jean-Claude est à la direction générale.D. parce que la publicité est une branche professionnelle plus récente que lesassurances.47. Parmi ces interprétations de la situation de Pierre, laquelle est fausse ?A. Pierre a proposé ouvertement le tutoiement à Paul.B. Pierre veut gagner la concurrence vis-à-vis de Paul.C. Pierre veut que Paul soit plus motivé dans le travail.D. Pierre veut se montrer plus sympathique à Paul.48. A propos du titre, quelle interprétation est fausse ?A. L’utilisation du « tu » et du « vous » est un problème très délicat.B. Le titre est construit sur un jeu de mots.C. Le titre est construit sur l’homonymie entre « tue » et « tu ».D. V ous devriez bien réfléchir avant de tutoyer les gens.V. Simple comme l’œuf de RoslinOn a cloné un mammifère adulte... L’incroyable nouvelle, tombée en fin de soirée le dimanche 23 février, devait faire les gros titres de la presse du lendemain. Une journaliste du « New York Times » s’empressa de téléphoner à l’un des meilleurs spécialistes américains en la matière, Lee M. Silver, du département de biologie de Princeton, histoire de lui demander son avis, tout en lui apprenant la naissance de Dolly. D’abord incrédule, le professeur Silver finit par dire : « V ous avez vraiment bien fait de m’appeler car j’ai justement un livre sous presse, dans lequel je consacre un chapitre entier à la démonstration qu’une telle chose est impossible. Je vais devoir y apporter quelques corrections... »« Impossible ». Tel était en effet, jusqu’au 23 février, le sentiment le plus répandu parmi les meilleurs spécialistes. Aujourd’hui encore, alors même que la revue scientifique « Nature » a publié, avec toutes les garanties et vérifications d’usage, l’article attestant la naissance de Dolly et apportant la preuve de son insolite pedigree, certains n’en reviennent pas. A la direction scientifique des productions animales de l’INRA, Yves-Roger Machard a du mal à retenir un « si ce résultat était confirmé » avant d’avouer sa « très forte surprise ». Pourtant, Yves-Roger Machard avait eu vent de cette découverte ; il se souvient d’en avoir entendu parler aux Etats-Unis, à l’automne dernier (Dolly était née en juillet dans le plus grand secret), lors d’uncolloque d’embryologie. Mais ce n’était qu’une rumeur de couloir, méritant tout juste un haussement d’épaules.Certes, on le savait depuis des décennies, dans le patrimoine génétique de chacune de ses milliards de cellules, chaque être vivant (mammifères compris) possède la « recette » permettant de le reconstituer tout entier. Un lambeau de peau, un fragment de muscle, une goutte de sang... ? Tout y est inscrit : la couleur de vos yeux, la forme de votre nez, le son de votre voix, vos goûts, vos aptitudes, votre éventuelle bosse des maths, votre groupe sanguin et les « empreintes génétiques » qui attestent de votre caractère unique... Revenons à nos moutons, puisque, jusqu’à nouvel ordre, le clonage ne concerne qu’une brebis écossaise : chaque cellule de l’animal contient toutes les informations qui le décrivent en entier, qualité de la laine comprise.Oui, mais il ne s’agit que de théorie. Pour tous les spécialistes, et jusqu’à tout récemment, il était entendu une fois pour toutes que, dans chaque cellule spécialisée, les informations encore fonctionnelles, encore susceptibles de s’exprimer, se réduisaient à celles dont la cellule a besoin pour effectuer sa fonction spécifique. Toutes les autres, définitivement inactivées, fossilisées en quelque sorte, ne pouvaient plus être réveillées. Ne figuraient plus qu’à titre de souvenir, de potentialité éteinte, dans le noyau d’ADN. Chaque globule rouge semble en effet avoir « oublié » qu’il aurait pu être une cellule du foie, et vice versa.Jusqu’au 23 février donc, l’impossibilité de réactiver la totalité de l’information génétique d’une cellule animale spécialisée était l’un des quasi-dogmes de la biologie. Quand on parlait de clonage, on évoquait le simple fractionnement d’un embryon fécondé, ceci à un stade précoce, en un petit nombre de morceaux que l’on réimplantait dans autant de femelles porteuses. Il ne s’agissait donc que de créer des vrais jumeaux, artificiels certes, mais selon un « procédé » que la nature utilise elle-même. Ces jumeaux étaient de toute façon strictement contemporains, et issus d’une fécondation. Même semblables entre eux, ils étaient donc des êtres inédits, non la reproduction à l’identique d’un adulte existant...Et pourtant, à partir d’une cellule d’épithélium mammaire de brebis adulte, voici que l’équipe du docteur Ian Wilmut, au Roslin Institute d’Edimbourg, a pu reconstituer une brebis identique, une vraie jumelle de l’animal de départ, simplement décalée dans le temps. Une charmante petite sœur monozygote dont elle aurait l’âge d’être la grand-mère.49. L’équipe du docteur Ian Wilmut a réussi le premier clonage d’un mouton adulte。
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation （英译汉）（ 60 point ）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build.Many of the world's coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the world's highest seamounts - areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life - are also found in the deep ocean.These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems.Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everything in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor.Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the fishing industry.Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（ 30 points ）Topic 1 （选题一）Most of the world's victims of AIDS live - and, at an alarming rate, die - in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS （ UNAIDS ）， the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa - where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away - within a few years after its emergence was established in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.An important part of anti- AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing （ VCT ） .In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.Funds for anti- AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.Topic 2 （选题二）As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty.We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas.Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances.Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way.I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling.In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent.Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006 - nine years ahead of the global target.Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Bank's enhanced HIPC （ heavily indebted poor countries ） Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program （ PEDP ） .The government's political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools.Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned,implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved.Section 2: Chinese- English Translation （汉译英）（ 40 point ）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（ 20 points ）进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。
11月CATTI二级笔译综合能力阅读题
11月CATTI二级笔译综合能力阅读题2010年11月CATTI二级笔译综合能力阅读题点击查看>> 2010年11月CATTI二级笔译实务英译汉真题(1)2010年11月CATTI二级笔译实务英译汉真题(2What is Fluency with Information Technology?Fluency with information technology (abbreviated as FITness) goes beyond traditional notions of computer literacy. As noted in Chapter 1, literacy about information technology might call for a minimal level of familiarity with technological tools like word processors, e-mail, and Web browsers. By contrast, FITness requires that persons understand information technology broadly enough to be able to apply it productively at work and in their everyday lives, to recognize when information technology would assist or impede the achievement of a goal, and to continually adapt to the changes in and advancement of information technology. FITness therefore requires a deeper, more essential understanding and mastery of information technology for information processing, communication, and problem solving than does computer literacy as traditionally defined. (Box 2.1 addresses the difference between literacy and FITness in more specific terms.) Note also that FITness as described in this chapter builds on many other fundamental competencies, such as textual literacy, logical reasoning, and knowledge of civics and society.Information technology is a medium that permits the expression of a vast array of information, ideas, concepts, and messages, and FITness is about effectively exploiting that expressive power. FITness enables a person to accomplish a variety of different tasks using information technology and to develop different ways of accomplishing a given task.FITness comes in degrees and gradations and is tied to different purposes. FITness is thus not an “end state” that is independent of doma in, but rather develops over a lifetime in particular domains of interest involving particular applications. Aspects of FITness can be developed by using spreadsheets for personal or professional budgeting, desktop publishing tools to create or edit documents or Web pages, search engines and database management tools for locating information on the Web or in large databases, and design tools to create visualizations in various scientific and engineering disciplines.The wide variety of contexts in which FITness is relevant is matched by the rapid pace at which information technology evolves. Most professionals today require constant upgrading of technological skills as new tools become useful in their work; they learn new word processing programs, new computer-assisted design environments, or new techniques for searching the World Wide Web. Different applications of informationtechnology emerge rather frequently, both in areas with long traditions of using information and information technology and in areas that are not usually seen as being technology-intensive. Perhaps the major challenge for individuals embarking on the goal of lifelong FITness involves deciding when to learn a new tool, when to change to a new technology, when to devote energy to increasing technological competency, and when to allocate time to other professional activities.The above comments suggest that FITness is personal, graduated, and dynamic. FITness is personal in the sense that individuals evaluate, distinguish, learn, and use new information technology as appropriate to their own sustained personal and professional activities. What is appropriate for an individual depends on the particularapplications, activities, and opportunities for FITness that are associated with the individual’s area of interest or specialization, and what is reasonable for a FIT lawyer or a historian to know and be able to do may well differ from what is required for a FIT scientist or engineer. FITness is graduated in the sense that it is characterized by different levels of sophistication (rather than a single FIT / not-FIT judgment), and it is dynamic in that it requires lifelong learning as information technology evolves.Being Fluent with Information Technology, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.。
2021年11月catti二笔汉译英第二篇
2021年11月catti二笔汉译英第二篇2021年11月catti二笔汉译英第二篇内容如下：英译汉-第二篇A new United Nations Environment Programme report, jointly produced with the International Resource Panel, says that type of unbridled international trade is having a damaging effect not only on rainforests but the entire planet. The report, which called for a raft of new Earth-friendly trade rules, found that the extraction of natural resources could spark water shortages, drive animals to extinction and accelerate climate change –all of which would be ruinous to the global economy.The economic fallout of COVID-19 is just an overture to what we would see if the Earth’s natural systems break down. We have to make sure that our global trade policies protect the environment not only for the sake of our planet but also for the long-term health of our economies.With the demand for natural resources set to double by 2060, the report called on policy makers to embrace what is known as a “circular”economic model. That would see businesses use fewer resources, recycle more and extend the life of their products. It would also put an onus on consumers to buy less, save energy and repair things that are broken instead of throwing them away.While the circular model could have “economic implications“for countries that depend on natural resources would give rise to new industries devoted to recycling and repair. Overall, the report predicts, a greener economic model would boost growth by 8 percent by 2060. There’s this idea out there that we have to log, mine, and drill our way to prosperity. But that’s not true. By embracing circularity and re-using materials we can still drive economic growth while protecting the planet for future generations.Some countries, both in the developed and developing world, have embraced the concept of a circular economy. But the report said international trade agreements can play an important role in making those systems more common. It called on the World Trade Organization, which has 164 member countries, to take the environment into consideration when setting regulations. It also recommended that regional trade pacts promote investments in planet-friendly industries, eliminate “harmful”subsidies, like those for fossil fuels, and avoid undercutting global environmental accords.“Re-orienting the global economy isn’t an easy job,”said Inger Andersen. There are a lot of vested interests we have to contend with. But with the Earth’s population expected to reach almost 10 billion by 2050, we need to find ways to relieve the pressure on the planet.”。
英语二级笔译201X年11月真题+答案解析
2015年11月CATTI二级笔译实务真题英译汉passage1Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.苹果可能是世界上唯一敢自比毕加索的科技公司。
(相媲美的)1. dare：A. (have the courage)敢to dare (to) do [something]敢做某事she dare(s) not or daren't or doesn't dare leave the baby alone她不敢让宝宝独自待着I dare say, ...也许，…B.激to dare [somebody] to do [something]激某人做某事somebody dared me to jump off the bridge有人激我从桥上跳下去I dare you to ask her (to dance)我谅你不敢邀请她（跳舞）dare加to和不加to是有不同意思的，要加以区别。
In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor（导师）likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Bull to the way Apple builds its smart phones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designersstrive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.在苹果公司内部大学的一堂课上，讲师曾提到毕加索绘制名画《公牛》时的11 块石版画，他认为苹果打造智能手机等设备的过程与之类似。
CATTI二级笔译汉译英真题2016年11月
CATTI二级笔译汉译英真题2016年11月(总分：40.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、Chinese -English Translation (40 points) (总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Passage 1 浙江杭州是风景秀美之地，也是创新活力之城。
G20杭州峰会的会标，就是用20根线条，勾勒出一个桥型轮廓，同时辅以“2016年G20”的英文和篆隶“中国”印章。
桥，在G20独具含义。
曾几何时，全球经济治理为发达国家所垄断。
G20是第一个发达国家和发展中国家平等参与全球经济治理的机制，是历史的进步。
在这个意义上，G20本身就是一座桥，一座连接历史与未来、发达国家与发展中国家的桥梁。
在2016年的杭州，在世界经济发展的当下，桥又有了新的含义。
它寓意着对G20成为全球经济之桥、国际社会合作之桥、面向未来的共赢之桥的殷切期望。
桥梁线条形似光纤，寓意信息技术应用带来的互联互通，具有强烈的时代感。
我们希望，以杭州峰会为桥梁，各国间的联系将更加紧密，世界经济的前景将更加广阔。
（分数：20.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The city of Hangzhou in China’s Zhejiang province is known both for itsbeautiful scenery and for being a dynamic city with an innovative spirit. The logo of theG20 Hangzhou Summit features the image of a bridge, drawn in 20 lines. On top of it are the English for “G20 2016 China”, supplemented with the imprint of a tradi tional Chinese seal bearing the two Chinese characters for “China”. Bridge bears a special meaning for theG20. The G20 is in fact the first global mechanism that allows developed and developing countries alike to take equal part in global economic governance, something that used to be the monopoly of developed countries. This represents a progress in the evolution of global governance and renders the G20 a bridge that connects history with the future, and developed countries with developing countries. Given the current world economic situation, the bridge bears some new implication for the Hangzhou Summit. It implies a keen hope for the G20 to become a bridge in the global economy, a bridge that brings parties together in win-win global cooperation oriented toward the future. The symmetrically curved lines in the bridge are meant to be reminiscent of fiber-optic cables, referring to an interconnected world in an information age. It is our hope that the Hangzhou Summit will serve as a bridge through which countries will build stronger links with each other and together open up broader prospects for the world economy. )解析：二、SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points)(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Passage two 纵观世界文明史，人类先后经历了农业革命、工业革命、信息革命。
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文仅供参考English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.【Passage 1】The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fueling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, “total factor productivity growth” – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs - grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percent in emerging and developing economies.The financial crisis added to this deceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy-makers did not materialize.Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labor markets.Adaption is critical. We need an a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.Sustainable economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN’s 2030 sustainable development Goals (SDGs).The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people –or 46 percent of the world’s population – lived on less than US$5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20 percent of Africans population is undernourished. The “zero hunger” target will almost certainly be missed.参考译文世界正处在社会、环境和经济的转折点。
2014年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及答案
2014年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及答案2014年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及答案（英译汉）发表时间：2014-11-14 点击量：6816Part 1：English-Chinese Translation 第一部分：英译汉Passage 1 第一篇【参考译文】W ATERLOO, Belgium—The region around this Belgian cityis busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of themajor battles in European military history. But weaving a path through thepreparations is proving almost as tricky as making one’s way across the battlefield was back then, when the Duke ofWellington, as commander of an international alliance of forces, crushedNapoleon.比利时滑铁卢——2015年，这座比利时小镇热闹非凡，人们正在紧锣密鼓地筹备滑铁卢战役200周年的纪念活动。
滑铁卢战役是欧洲军事史上重大战役之一。
在筹备现场迂回行进，其难度决不亚于在滑铁卢战场上奋勇前进。
当时，联军统帅威灵顿公爵击败了拿破仑。
A rambling though dilapidated farmsteadcalled Hougoumont, which was crucial to the battle’s outcome, is beingpainstakingly restored as an educational center. Nearby, an underground visitorcenter is under construction, and roads and monuments throughout the rollingfarmland where once the sides fought are being refurbished. More than 6,000military buffs are expected to re-enact individual skirmishes.霍高蒙特决定了滑铁卢战役的结局。
2013到2011年CATTI二级笔译真题及参考答案
2013年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipa l archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delano? has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, thesheep are doing here.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 1 （选题一）Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with itselegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason —I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’ ”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.201211 Passage 1Tucked away in this small village in Buckinghamshire County is the former Elizabethan coaching inn where William Shakespeare is said to have penned part of "A Midsummer Night's Dream."Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.It was "Brief Lives," a 17th-century collection of biographies by John Aubrey, that linked Shakespeare to the inn, saying that he had stayed there and drawn inspiration for the comedy while in the village.One of the current owners, Nick Underwood, said the local lore goes even further: "It is also said he appears at the oriel window on the top floor of the house on April 23 every year -- the date he is said to have been born and to have died.""In later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off," Mr. Underwood said. "In the 20th century, it was owned by two American families." Now, he and his co-owner, Roy Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market at ￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million. Despite its varied uses and renovations over the years, the 4,250-square-foot, or 395-square-meter, inn has retained so much of its original character that the organization English Heritage lists it as a Grade II* property, indicating that it is particularly important and of "more than special interest." Only 27 percent of the 1,600 buildings on the organization's register have this designation.We knew of the house before we bought it and were very excited when it came up for sale. It is so unusual to find an Elizabethan property of this size, in this area, and when we saw it, we absolutely fell in love with it," Mr. Underwood said. "We have taken great pleasure in working on it and living here. This house is all about the history."In addition to being the owners' home, the property currently is run as a luxury guest house, with rooms rented for ₤99 to ₤250 a night."Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said DeanHeaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency, which is representing the owners. "It has been beautif- ully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."Passage 2The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock.The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea.Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers.Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimetres last century.)The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves fieldand satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods,Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago. Passage 1中国是一个发展中国家。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
11月CATTI二级笔译综合能力阅读题
2010年11月CATTI二级笔译综合能力阅读题
点击查看>> 2010年11月CATTI二级笔译实务英译汉真题(1)
2010年11月CATTI二级笔译实务英译汉真题(2
What is Fluency with Information Technology?
Fluency with information technology (abbreviated as FITness) goes beyond traditional notions of computer literacy. As noted in Chapter 1, literacy about information technology might call for a minimal level of familiarity with technological tools like word processors, e-mail, and Web browsers. By contrast, FITness requires that persons understand information technology broadly enough to be able to apply it productively at work and in their everyday lives, to recognize when information technology would assist or impede the achievement of a goal, and to continually adapt to the changes in and advancement of information technology. FITness therefore requires a deeper, more essential understanding and mastery of information technology for information processing, communication, and problem solving than does computer literacy as traditionally defined. (Box 2.1 addresses the difference between literacy and FITness in more specific terms.) Note also that FITness as described in this chapter builds on many other fundamental competencies, such as textual literacy, logical reasoning, and knowledge of civics and society.
Information technology is a medium that permits the expression of a vast array of information, ideas, concepts, and messages, and FITness is about effectively exploiting that expressive power. FITness enables a person to accomplish a variety of different tasks using information technology and to develop different ways of accomplishing a given task.
FITness comes in degrees and gradations and is tied to different purposes. FITness is thus not an “end state” that is independent of doma in, but rather develops over a lifetime in particular domains of interest involving particular applications. Aspects of FITness can be developed by using spreadsheets for personal or professional budgeting, desktop publishing tools to create or edit documents or Web pages, search engines and database management tools for locating information on the Web or in large databases, and design tools to create visualizations in various scientific and engineering disciplines.
The wide variety of contexts in which FITness is relevant is matched by the rapid pace at which information technology evolves. Most professionals today require constant upgrading of technological skills as new tools become useful in their work; they learn new word processing programs, new computer-assisted design environments, or new techniques for searching the World Wide Web. Different applications of information
technology emerge rather frequently, both in areas with long traditions of using information and information technology and in areas that are not usually seen as being technology-intensive. Perhaps the major challenge for individuals embarking on the goal of lifelong FITness involves deciding when to learn a new tool, when to change to a new technology, when to devote energy to increasing technological competency, and when to allocate time to other professional activities.
The above comments suggest that FITness is personal, graduated, and dynamic. FITness is personal in the sense that individuals evaluate, distinguish, learn, and use new information technology as appropriate to their own sustained personal and professional activities. What is appropriate for an individual depends on the particular
applications, activities, and opportunities for FITness that are associated with the individual’s area of interest or specialization, and what is reasonable for a FIT lawyer or a historian to know and be able to do may well differ from what is required for a FIT scientist or engineer. FITness is graduated in the sense that it is characterized by different levels of sophistication (rather than a single FIT / not-FIT judgment), and it is dynamic in that it requires lifelong learning as information technology evolves.
Being Fluent with Information Technology, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.。