考研英语语法长难句讲义-20130420
2013年考研英语一text1 长难句
好的，以下是我为你提供的2013年考研英语一text1中的长难句分析：
长难句：
The link between feeling good and voting for Democrats is so obvious that it is puzzling why political scientists have ignored it for so long.
分析：
这个句子的主语是“The link between feeling good and voting for Democrats”，谓语是“is”，表语是“obvious”。
其中，“between feeling good and voting for Democrats”是介词短语作定语，修饰“The link”，表示这种联系是“感觉良好和投票给民主党人之间的联系”。
在句中存在一个被动语态的从句“why political scientists have ignored it for so long”，用来解释为什么政治科学家长久以来忽视了这种联系。
从句中，“it”指的是前面提到的“The link between feeling good and voting for Democrats”。
因此，整个句子的意思是：感觉良好和投票给民主党人之间的联系是如此明显，以至于政治科学家长期以来忽视了这一点，这让人感到困惑。
考研长难句解读讲义
考研长难句解读讲义考研长难句解读1．什么是长难句The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergenceof mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just anideal but anideology. But somewhere in the 19th century,more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went fromWordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil. In the West, before masscommunication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which remindedworshippers that their souls were in great peril andthat they would someday be meat for worms.英语句式五大基本句型主谓，主谓宾，主谓双宾，主谓宾补，主系表四大基本句式陈述，疑问，祈使，感叹长难句三大高级句型强调，从句（非谓语、定语、主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语），倒装长难句四大难点从句，省略，插入，句序长难句四大考查阅读，完型，翻译，写作从句――修饰成分：名词性，形容词性，状语，非谓语省略――避免重复：名词，动词，结构，句子插入――补充说明：主谓结构，介宾结构，同位语句序――特殊表达：倒装2．长难句解读步骤去枝叶，留主干 A．找谓语动词？――谓语，非谓语 He comes see me.Beat you is not my fault. 有动词，有句子。
2006年—2013年长难句详细分析
2013年- 2006年考研英语真题—长难句分析2013年英语知识运用1.翻译乍一看，这似乎是一种优势，这种优势赋予你不受外界因素的影响而作出客观判断的能力。
解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是this might seem like a strength...。
that引导的定语从句中包含一个由which 引导的定语从句。
2.翻译但是，乌里•西蒙松博士推测，没有综观全局的能力会使决策者受他们日常所使用的信息样本的影响而产生偏见。
解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that...。
that引导宾语从句，作speculated的宾语；该宾语从句的主干为an inability...was leading decision-makers to be biased...，其中they were working with是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句。
3.翻译例如，他从理论上说明，如果一位担心对犯罪行为表现得太心慈手软的法官那天已经仅判处五六个其他被告强制社区服务，那么他更可能把下一个人关进监狱。
解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是he theorised that...。
that引导的宾语从句作theorised的宾语；该宾语从句的主干为a judge...might be more likely to send someone to prison...；该宾语从句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句。
4.翻译然后，等级评定分数会与申请者的管理研究生入学考试（简称GMAT，一种满分为800分的标准化考试）的分数一起用以决定他或她是否被录取。
解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是The scores ed...；a standardised exam...作GMAT的同位语；该同位语中包含which引导的定语从句。
5.翻译西蒙松博士发现，每天一连串的面试者中，如果前一个申请者的分数比其前面的人的分数高0.75分或更高，那么下一个申请者的分数会平均减少0.075分。
语法长难句讲义
考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.例3.However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
英二2013 text4长难句
文章主题：英二2013 text4长难句近年来，英语已成为世界上最为广泛使用的语言之一，对于许多非英语母语国家的学生来说，学习英语已经成为日常生活和学习的重要内容。
然而，对于一些学习者而言，面对一些充满复杂结构的长难句，他们可能会遇到困难。
本文将以英二2013 text4为例，深入探讨长难句的特点、结构和理解方式，并提出一些建议，帮助读者更好地理解和应对长难句。
1. 长难句的特点英二2013 text4中的长难句，一方面在句子结构上呈现出多层次、多分句、多修饰的特点，另一方面在语法和逻辑关系上需要读者对句子成分的准确理解和处理。
“The largely qualitative and abstract nature of the potential impacts of climate change on agricultureplicates the task of valuing them…”，这个句子就展现了长难句的典型特点：包含了多层次的修饰成分，对读者的逻辑推理和语法理解提出了一定的挑战。
2. 长难句的结构解析针对英二2013 text4中的长难句，我们可以采取逐步解析的方式来理解其结构。
我们需要把句子分解成主谓宾的基本结构，再分析句中的从句和修饰成分，以及它们之间的逻辑关系。
在上述例句中，“The largely qualitative and abstract nature of the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture”可以看作主句，plicates the task of valuing them”为谓语动词所附属的宾语成分。
在主句中，“of the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture”是对“nature”的修饰，在从句中“the largely qualitative and abstract nature”是对“The impacts”进行的修饰。
2013考研英语：考研英语长难句讲解
2013考研英语：考研英语长难句讲解2. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.【分析】多重复合句。
句子主干为 brain researchers have discovered that...。
that 引导的从句作宾语，宾语从句的主干为 we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells；when 引导时间状语从句。
第二个 that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 paths，从句和先行词被插入语 and...cells 分开了。
【译文】但是，大脑研究人员发现，在我们有意识地培养新习惯的同时，我们也创造了平行路径——甚至是全新的脑细胞——这些平行路径能使我们的思路转入到新的创新轨道。
【点拨】1) parallel 在此为形容词，“平行的，同方向的”，注意它作动词时的用法，如 They paralleled his life with those of the saints.（他们将他的生活与圣人的生活相比。
）。
2) train 本句中意思是“一连串，一系列”。
【临摹】从隔壁房间突然传来的吵闹声打断了我的思路。
3. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.【分析】复合句。
2013英语二长难句
2013英语二长难句长难句在英语中常常指的是句子结构复杂，包含多个从句或短语的句子。
以下是一些2013年英语二考试中出现的长难句示例：1. Despite the fact that she had studied for weeks, Susan still found the exam difficult, which made her feel frustrated and disappointed.这个句子包含了一个主句和两个从句。
主句是"Despite the fact that she had studied for weeks, Susan still found the exam difficult"，其中"Despite the fact that"引导一个让步状语从句，"she had studied for weeks"是一个过去完成时的从句。
第二个从句"which made her feel frustrated and disappointed"是一个非限制性定语从句，用来进一步说明"the exam"。
2. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain, and the better your writing skills will become.这个句子包含了两个比较级结构，即"the more...the more..."。
第一个从句"The more books you read, the moreknowledge you will gain"表示阅读的书越多，获得的知识就越多。
第二个从句"the better your writing skills will become"表示写作技巧会变得越好。
2013考研英语-学会分解长难句是关键
2013考研英语:学会分解长难句是关键长难句是考研英语中的挑战之一。
长难句结构复杂、内容丰富，一个句子可能包含多个语法知识，对于考生的英语功底要求很高。
如果考生想在考研阅读理解、翻译、作文中拿到高分，长难句的好功底必不可少。
我们举一个长难句的实例，具体如下：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls, Jimmy set off down the main street of the city, riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.这个长难句的结构比较复杂，我们可以将其分解成多个结构简单的短句，如下所示：Jimmy was dressed up as Father Christmas.He was accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls.He set off down the main street of the city.He rode a baby elephant.The elephant was called Jumbo.从上面可以看到，分解出的几个句子其结构是相当基础的，包含的都是基础语法。
所以要想很好地分析理解长难句，高中时必须打下良好的基础语法功底。
如果考生对于长难句分析感到困难的话，考研教育英语教研室老师建议同学们先买一本语法书恶补一下基础语法。
语法学习是比较枯燥无味的，一味死记硬背语法规则往往事倍功半，而且非常容易遗忘。
在这里给大家分享一位考研教育魔鬼集训营优秀学员经验，在掌握一个语法的时候，并不去记忆这个语法的规则，而是“背诵”这个语法的例句，然后反复阅读这些例句，以至于在大脑皮层中形成这种语法的感觉。
这种感觉能让你以直觉判断出哪些句子的语法是正确的，哪些是错误的，这个过程完全是一种感觉，一种直觉。
考研英语长难句
考研英语长难句（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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2020考研英语：长难句每日一句语法解析（46）
2020考研英语：长难句每日一句语法解析（46）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：长难句每日一句语法解析(46)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：长难句每日一句语法解析(46)( 2013年Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 3 第2段第1句)Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.译文：如今，随着我们对人类所面临的种种威胁&mdash&mdash从小行星撞地球到流感，再到气候变化&mdash&mdash有了更深入的认识，乌托邦式的想象已经不再流行。
分析：本句的主干为…utopia has grown unfashionable…，后面接了一个由as引导的原因状语从句说明了产生主句所描述的这种变化的原因。
在该从句中，主干是we have gained a deeper appreciationof the range of threats是appreciation的后置定语，解释appreciation的对象分词短语facing us是threats的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which face usfrom asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change是列举threats的内容，相当于threats的同位语。
词汇指南unfashionable [ʌnˈfæʃәnәbl](adj.)不流行的,不时髦的,过时的(超纲词汇)(2013年-阅读3)(un-否定，fashionable-流行的,时髦的&rarr 不流行的,不时髦的,过时的)gain [ɡein](vt.)获得,增加(n.)[pl.]增进,收益(中考词汇)(2012年-阅读4、2013年-阅读3)【记忆妙法】有学者认为，ɡa=ɡet-获得,得到，in-向里 &rarr 获得,增加&mdash&mdash引申为“增进,收益”。
02语法讲义- 长难句【完整版】
考 研 语 法（英 语 一）第一部分：简单句第二部分：长难句第三部分：长难句分析n.+v. n.+v. n.+v. n.+v.conj. conj. conj.简单句→并列句复合句第一章：并列句一、并列句的构成多个简单句+并列连词表示顺接的并列连词 含义… and … both … and … “…… 和 ……” （两者都）not only … but … as well not only … but also … not only … but … “不但……而且……” （意思同“……和……”）（一）表示顺接的并列连词The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. (2007, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)表示转折的并列连词 含义… but …… yet …“……但是……”（二）表示转折的并列连词The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. (2002, Translation)表示选择的并列连词 含义… or … either … or … “……或者……” （二选一）neither … nor … “既不……也不……”（两个都不选） （三）表示选择的并列连词表示因果的并列连词 含义…for… “……因为……” …so… “……所以……”（四）表示因果的并列连词Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)二、并列句的省略The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.(2014, Use of English)… the peoples… died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part B)But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations… and feeling the strain.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)… the federal government must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low‐cost housing.(2006, Use of English)Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)并列句‐练习We neither understand nor respect each other...(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)They cross‐check sources and prefer news from different perspectives...(2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)… the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Formerly it lasted three days, but by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. (2016, Use of English)In Europe, taxes account for up to four‐fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.(2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)并列句 – 考场攻略攻略：找到并列句省略的部分You can become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)He visited the casino , lost the $20 and left.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)第二部分 长难句第二章：复合句＝主句＋从句第一节 名词性从句第二节 定语从句第三节 状语从句宾语从句（一） 宾语从句的含义（二）宾语从句的写法1. 陈述句变宾语从句These figures are conservative.↓Dr. Worm acknowledges (that) these figures are conservative.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)We believe consumers should have more control.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)2. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句Where did we put the keys just a moment ago?↓We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.(2014, Use of English)3. 一般疑问句变宾语从句Are other clients going to abandon me, too?↓I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too…(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)（二）宾语从句的写法总结• Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.• We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, ...• I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too…（三）宾语从句的位置This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells...(2005, Use of English)… users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)This and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between the court and politics.(2012, Use of English)… he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part C)（三）宾语从句的位置：非谓语动词＋从句You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)宾语从句后置，it形式宾语That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments.(2012, Use of English)表语从句（一） 表语从句的含义（二）表语从句的写法Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin.”(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)主语从句（一）主语从句的含义（二）主语从句的写法That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)What motivated him… was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”…(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B)（三）主语从句的位置It did not matter what was done in the experiment...(2010, Use of English)It is done + 主语从句（表达人们对一件事的观点看法）This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: ...(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B)It is + adj./n. + 主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become...(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)同位语从句（一） 同位语从句的含义（二）同位语从句的写法Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.(2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)（三）同位语从句的位置抽象名词后：idea, opinion, fact, evidence, question, doubt, reason, theory, belief, possibility, chance, hope, contention, guarantee…Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part C)名词性从句 – 练习In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel... (2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it...(2005, Use of English)But what we forget… is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)名词性从句 – 考场攻略攻略1：找到从句But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.(2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A, Text2)An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers’ behavior by itself.(2010, Use of English)攻略2：判断从句On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)… Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.(2004, Translation)第二部分 长难句第二章：复合句＝主句＋从句第一节 名词性从句第二节 定语从句第三节 状语从句定语从句一. 定语从句的概述先行词=关系词Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.↓ ↓Law is a discipline. A discipline encourages responsible judgment.二. 定语从句的写法先行词 关系词事/物 which/that人 who / whom / thatwhose人／物（表示人或物的所有关系，“某人的／某物的”）时间 when地点 where原因 why1.先行词是事／物，关系词选择which／thatTeachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.(2003, Use of English)Furthermore, the legal system and the events ___ ___ occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.(2007, Translation)2. 先行词是人，关系词选择who／whom／thatIn France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimesearn more voting rights in a company.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Retailers ___ ___ master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)3. 先行词是人／物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词选择whoseIt also pledged to not deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those ______ surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time ____ __ high‐quality arts criticism could be found in most big‐city newspapers. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)4. 先行词是时间，关系词选择whenIt is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high‐quality arts criticism could be found in most big‐city newspapers.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)5. 先行词是地点，关系词选择whereToday, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones.(2019, Use of English)6. 先行词是原因，关系词选择whyThe other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild‐like ownership structure of the business.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)关于定语从句关系词的注意事项：• 定语从句的关系词每一个都作成分，包括that。
考研英语高频长难句分析详解-全考点
考研英语高频长难句分析详解-全考点长难句Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.成分拆分主语Many consumers谓语seem宾语to have been influenced主语investors谓语view状语as a necessary ingredient定语to a sustained boom单词解释ingredient [ɪnˈgri:diənt] n. 因素boom [buːm] n. / v. 繁荣，轰鸣，激增swing [swɪŋ] vt. 挥舞，摆动n. 秋千语法分析本句是一个被动句型，逗号前面是句子的主干部分，逗号后面是which引导的非限定性定语从句，对stock -market swings 进行补充说明，其中as a necessary ingredient (to a sustained boom)作宾补。
译文许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，但投资者将此看作是持续繁荣的必要因素。
长难句At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.成分拆分主语the ABCs谓语get宾语their awards first主语most people谓语are literally having宾语 a ZZZ单词解释award [ə'wɔrd] n. 奖品，奖励ceremony [ˈserɪmənɪ] n. 典礼，仪式，礼节语法分析本句是一个并列句，由两个并列分句组成，中间以分号连接。
(建议下载)英语语法长难句讲义
2015考研英语基础班讲义(语法长难句部分)考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise插入语或隐性定, market- oriented economy 分译in which在这种经济中consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.合译例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this willtend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rateto those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take inover 50 laid-off workers yearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.观众从网上知道了这则消息：几天前，西安发生了一起严重的爆炸事故。
何凯文长难句突破讲义完整版解读
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那一年，磕长头匍匐在山路，不为觐见，只为贴着你的温暖。
同位语：临床营养学是研究健康和身体如何去吸收和利用植物物质的的学科。这句话翻译放在最前面
同位语跳读 插入语跳读 状语从句剥离
3.完整信息链法 完整主干法 缘起：
主谓隔离：主语和谓语之间常加入修饰成份；
谓宾隔离：谓语和宾语之间也常加入修饰成份；
解决之道：
1、句子开头的第一个独立名词（前面没有出现介词和关联词）就是句子的主语，应该寻找和其相对应的动
不定代词定语后置 不定代词充当定语后置
处理：前置（翻译成中文的时候），也可以拆分，特别是后置定语较长的时候。
定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）
定语从句的作用：1，修饰和限定名词
▲2，连接两个具有共同名词的句子
3，表示因果关系
今生：
.（ 叫做关系代词）前世：①I . ② Nhomakorabea.
定语从句的识别：
（基本结构）
人称代词
非正常语序之倒装句：
➢ 倒装句的分析方法 倒装句的定义：动词在句子中的位置和相对位置发生改变。 倒装的作用是保持句子的平衡。 倒装句的分类：1 部分倒装 2 完全倒装倒装句的处理流程：识别 还原
部分倒装： 1. 部分倒装的定义/识别：助动词，系动词，情态动词被置于主语前。 2. 部分倒装的还原：将助动词，系动词，情态动词还原到主语后。
2013考研语法及长难句讲义
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（三） 数词 数词分为基数词和序数词 1. 表示大约的词汇：about，approximately，around，roughly，some，more or less, or so;
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eg：About 200 people were killed in the crash. The town is 5 Miles or so from here. 2. 表示多于的词汇：above，more than, over 3. 表示少于，不到的词汇：almost，below，less than, under eg：It's 2:57, and it's almost 3 o'clock 4. 一些可以直接表示数字的单词： dozen、score、decade、hundred、thousand、million 这些词前面出现基数词，表示确切的数时，不能加复数；若不能表明确切数字，只是说 大约有多少的时候，以上这些词不可以加确切的基数词，但是可以将其变为复数，后加 of； eg：There are millions of kinds of matter in the world. （四）形容词和副词 形容词还可以做表语，放在 be 动词之后； 英语中有一些词语作表语和作定语时，含义会有所不同： （1）certain： 作定语时，表示特定的: eg: A certain Mr. Wang just came here to look for you. 作表语时，表示当然的，一定，相当于 be sure； （2）complete： 作定语时，表示完全的: 作表语时，表示完成的或完美的； （3）ill： 作定语时，表示坏的； 作表语时，表示有病的； （4）late: 作定语时，表示已故的； 作表语时，表示晚的、迟到的； （5）ready： 作定语时，表示现成的； 作表语时，表示准备好的、愿意做……； （6）present： 作定语时，表示目前的，相当于 current； 作表语时，表示出席，参加； the+形容词：表示一类人； eg: the old, the poor, the blind, the rich, the young, the wounded 通常由副词构成，副词可以修饰动词，形容词，乃至整个句子； 副词通常是褒义的，有部分是有否定含义的，常见否定含义副词有 seldom，hardly， rarely，scarcely； 其它副词通常是表示肯定的概念； 形容词和副词的比较级： （1）一些没有比较级的形容词和副词： ①单词本身的含义是表示比……年长、 比……优秀、 比……优等时， 没有比较级概念； 如 supreme，inferior，junior，senior，prior ，后面搭配的介词一般是 to，而不用 than. ②有些单词本身的含义即是最，独一无二，没有比较级概念； 如 absolute，entire， excellent，favorite，final. （2）同级比较和异级比较： ①同级比较：as…as…/…times as…
考研英语语法长难句讲义-第4课定语从句【】
• 穿自己的鞋不仅方便而且还确保一点，不用去管别人的感受。 • 问题的关键是谁应该为道德的沦丧负责呢？ • 外表看起来非常邋遢的他其实内心很高尚。 • 那些全力以赴去实现梦想的人，即使最终没有成功也不会感到遗憾，这很重要。 • 上课不集中精力，而又想通过考试的同学，往往会发现结果差强人意。
• My husband enjoys talking with other young ladies, which really gets me go mad.
• As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive--there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.
考研英语：语法长难句
目录
第四课 定语和定语从句...................................................................................................................3 一 什么是定语...........................................................................................................................3 二 定语的成分...........................................................................................................................3 三 定语的位置...........................................................................................................................4 四 定语从句...............................................................................................................................4 五 定语从句的特殊用法...........................................................................................................6 六 区分定语从句和同位语从句.............................................................................................. 7 七 定语从句的至难点...............................................................................................................7 八 考点分析...............................................................................................................................8
考研英语长难句讲解 第20期
考研英语长难句讲解第20期3. Although the figure way vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing.【分析】复合句。
句子主干为 analysts do agree on another matter，其中用 do 来加强语气。
although 引导让步状语从句；冒号后的 that 从句为同位语从句，对 another matter 加以解释说明。
【译文】尽管人们估计的数字可能不尽相同，分析家们对另一个问题的意见却是一致的：无家可归者的人数在增加。
4. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of the day wandering the street.【分析】多重复合句。
句子主干为 a good number still spend the bulk of the day wandering the street。
Even when 引导让步状语从句，该从句中又包含了一个 that 引导的定语从句，修饰限定 a shelter。
【译文】即使无家可归者找到了庇护所，白天有三餐，晚上有地方睡，还是会有很多人每天大部分时间在街头流浪。
【点拨】1) bulk 作名词时，常用意为“体积，数量，容量（尤指巨大的）”或“主要部分，大部分”，此时常用短语有：in bulk “大量”。
作动词时，意为“变得越来越大（或重要）”；此时常用短语有：bulk large“显得重要；突出”，bulk sth. out “使某物更大或更厚”。
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考研英语语法长难句讲义主讲：朱冉第一部分：句法原则第一篇：方法与考点长难句的特点In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.1）In Africa I met a boy，2）a boy who was crying as if his heart would break and said that he was hungry3）because he had had no food for two days.4），when I spoke to him，二，方法2.1复合句：看连词，分从句方法：“连词与动词配比原则”：在分析句子结构时，我们可以先找到句中的连词，再找与之对应的从句的谓语动词; 或者先找谓语再找对应的连词。
当我们把连词与对应的谓语动词划分清楚后，整个难句的结构也就迎刃而解了。
例：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.1）This trend began during the Second World War,2）when several governments came to the conclusion3）the conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.4）that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment【T】这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
2.2 插入语扔出去前后连While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s----and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭）While in Americathe trend started as a reaction to the economic decline and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭）----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s----然而，在美国，这种趋势是对于经济衰退的反应并且与政治的节俭风气相联系—发生在80年代后期因为企业规模缩小而引起的过盛。
2.3名词名词+动词Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German.Those private citizens did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II andmarked them GIFT to escape duty payments名词名词+谓语These rules say that they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch(10-1)These rules say thatthey must value some assets at the pricethat a third party would pay,not the price that managers and regulators would like them to fetchHere, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings 2.4大包小；V+edThe statement made by the driver of the vehicle that he did not see the lorry was rejected by the court1) The statement made by the driver of the vehicle was rejected by the court2) The statement that he did not see the lorry第二篇：考点2.1 三种特殊结构2.2 It的用法2.3 平行与省略2.4 平衡结构2.5 左二右五第二篇：真题演练主语1.主语从句S1:That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.That the seas are being overfishedhas been known for years.海洋正在被人过度捕捞，多年以来这已是尽人皆知的了。
for years.我年来2.形式主语S2: Furthmore, it is obv ious that the strength of a country‟s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.Furthmore, it is obviousthat the strength o f a country‟s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，很显然，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又依赖于名种科技人员的努力。
is directly bound up with ; be linked toin turn 轮流，依次rest upon 依赖于{G}It is +过去分词+thatReported(据报道。
)Believed （人们相信）Generally thought that (人们普遍认为)It is should be noted that 应当注意的是It is +形容词+thatIt is likely that :很可能It is certain that :可以相信It is +名词+thatIt is a pity that （可惜的是）It is a fact that （事实是）It is no wonder that （难怪。
）It is common knowledge that (。
是常识)3.whether 及连接代词或副词引导的主话从句；（大包小）S3. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1）Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa2）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Pure science: 纯科学At the expense of :以。
为代价Vice versa: 与之相反Driving force: 驱动力二、谓语1.倒装S4: Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant—not ,indeed, of what is wrong,but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce prople, and again especialy children to make mistakes.(全部倒装)—not ,indeed, of what is wrong,but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce the capacity to be tolerant is Closely related with this1）not of what is wrong but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature (并列，猜词)2）in deed3)which induce people, and again especially children to make mistakes.【G】Not…..but….全部倒装{t}：与这一点紧密相关的是容忍的能力—当然不是容忍错误，而是能宽容人性中的意志薄弱和幼稚。