考研英语语法长难句讲义-20130420

考研英语语法长难句讲义

主讲：朱冉

第一部分：句法原则

第一篇：方法与考点

长难句的特点

In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.

1）In Africa I met a boy，

2）a boy who was crying as if his heart would break and said that he was hungry

3）because he had had no food for two days.

4），when I spoke to him，

二，方法

2.1复合句：看连词，分从句

方法：“连词与动词配比原则”：

在分析句子结构时，我们可以先找到句中的连词，再找与之对应的从句的谓语动词; 或者先找谓语再找对应的连词。当我们把连词与对应的谓语动词划分清楚后，整个难句的结构也就迎刃而解了。

例：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

1）This trend began during the Second World War,

2）when several governments came to the conclusion

3）the conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

4）that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment

【T】

这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

2.2 插入语

扔出去前后连

While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s----and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭）

While in America

the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭）

----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s----

然而，在美国，这种趋势是对于经济衰退的反应并且与政治的节俭风气相联系—发生在80年代后期因为企业规模缩小而引起的过盛。

2.3名词名词+动词

Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German.

Those private citizens did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German.

Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and

marked them GIFT to escape duty payments

名词名词+谓语

These rules say that they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch(10-1)

These rules say that

they must value some assets at the price

that a third party would pay,

not the price that managers and regulators would like them to fetch

Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings 2.4大包小；V+ed

The statement made by the driver of the vehicle that he did not see the lorry was rejected by the court

1) The statement made by the driver of the vehicle was rejected by the court

2) The statement that he did not see the lorry

第二篇：考点

2.1 三种特殊结构

2.2 It的用法

2.3 平行与省略

2.4 平衡结构

2.5 左二右五

第二篇：真题演练

主语

1.主语从句

S1:That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.

That the seas are being overfished

has been known for years.

海洋正在被人过度捕捞，多年以来这已是尽人皆知的了。

for years.我年来

2.形式主语

S2: Furthmore, it is obv ious that the strength of a country‟s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

Furthmore, it is obvious

that the strength o f a country‟s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,

and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

再者，很显然，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又依赖于名种科技人员的努力。

is directly bound up with ; be linked to

in turn 轮流，依次

rest upon 依赖于