英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama

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英美文学名词解释

’s thoughts and feelings. The main purpose3. Heroic couplet: Couplet means two lines of verse with similar end-rhymes. In English literature, heroic couplet specifically refers to poetic lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in pairs.4. Iambic Pentameter：A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, which each foot an iamb__ that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.5. Blank verse: It is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. Blank verse sounds much like ordinary spoken English. It is often used in drama and in poetry. Milton forged it anew for the epic in Paradise Lost (1667).6. Elegy: Greek for "lament": a poem on death or on a serious loss; characteristicallya sustained meditation expressing sorrow and, frequently, an explicit or implied consolation7. Paradox: An apparently untrue or self-contradictory statement or circumstance that proves true upon reflection or when examined in another light. Such as sweet pain/no light but rather darkness visible.8. Ode：A long, stately lyric poem in stanzas of varied metrical pattern, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or commemorate an event. Two famous odes are Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to the West wind”and John Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.”9. Conceit: Any fanciful, ingenious/elaborate expression or idea, especially one in the form of an extended metaphor.10. Alliteration: The repetition of the beginning accented syllables near to each other with the same consonantal sound, as in many idiomatic phrases: “safe and sound”; “thick and thin”;11. Dramatic Monologue：A monologue in verse. A speaker addresses a silent listener, revealing, in dramatic irony, things about himself or herself of which the speaker is unaware.12. Epic: A long narrative poem, typically a recounting of history or legend or of the deeds of a national hero and of reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. Later on this literary genre was written down by the poets, such as Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained. Two of the greatest epics are Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. While in British literary history, the national epic is Beowulf.13. Personification：humans.scheme is usually abbaabba, cde cde. The two parts of the Italian sonnet play off each other in a variety of ways. Sometimes the octave raises a question that the sestet answers. Sometimes the sestet opposes what the octave says, or extends it. The Italian sonnet is often called the Petrarchan sonnet, because the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch used it so extensively. He dedicated more than three hundred sonnets to a woman named Laura.15. Satire: A kind of writing holds up to ridicule or contempt the weaknesses and wrongdoings of individuals, groups, institutions, or humanity in general. The aim of satirists is to set a moral standard for society, and they attempt to persuade the reader to see their point of view through the force of laughter. The most famous satirical work in English literature is Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.16. Renaissance; It is a cultural movement of the rising bourgeoisie. The key word for it is humanism, which emphasizes the belief in human beings, his environment and doings and his brave fight for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas. It originally indicates a revival of classical arts and learning after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Its aim is to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval time and introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Marlowe are all famous literary figures in this period.17. Humanism: Humanism refers to the main literary trend and is the keynote of English Renaissance. Humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement.18. Metaphysical Poetry: The poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas.19. Enlightenment: Enlightenment is a progressive intellectual movement, which swept over England and other lands in Western Europe in the 18th century. It’s purpose is to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas with the use of reason.? Enlightenment freed and reformed the thinking of man. Enlighteners strove to clear away the feudal remnants and replace them by bourgeois ideologue.20. Neo-classicism: It is a revival of literature in the late 17C and 18th centuries,carried out at one place in no more than 24 hours.。

高中英语中英对照英美文学知识素材-人教版高中全册英语素材

5. John Dryden (约翰•德莱顿)
Alexander’s Feast《亚历山大的宴会》;
Absalom and Achitophel《押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔》;
The Indian Queen;The Indian Emperor;The Conquest of Granada《格兰纳达的征服》;Tyrannick Love;All for Love;
12. Jonathan Swift
(乔纳森•斯威夫特)
A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》;Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver《格里佛游记》;A Tale of a Tub《桶的故事》
传奇剧
Pericles《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline《辛白林》;The Winter’s Tale;Tempest《暴风雨》
8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)
edy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);
Every Man In His Humor《人性互异》
9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)
Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派〞诗歌创始人);
Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》
10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)
the saint of the Metaphysical school (“玄学派诗圣〞);
The Temple《神殿》
11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)
5. Sir Thomas Malory (托马斯•马洛礼)
Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》

英美戏剧教学大纲

《英美戏剧》课程教学大纲课程代码：070142041课程英文名称：British and American Drama课程总学时：16 讲课：16 实验：0 上机：0适用专业：英语大纲编写（修订）时间：2017. 10一、大纲使用说明（一）课程的地位及教学目标《英美戏剧》是一门英语专业文学方向限选课程。

对于英语专业学生来说，学习戏剧是英语专业学生提高英语水平、提高人文素养以及丰富自己的语言和思想的重要手段。

本课程以戏剧体裁的特征、要素、种类和风格为基本知识，精选英美主要剧作家的代表作品，通过指导性的阅读、讨论、看录像甚至自己演出，来培养学生理解、赏析和批评英美戏剧作品的基本能力和必要技巧。

（二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求1. 基本戏剧阅读能力：使学生初步了解英、美戏剧的特点、常见修辞手法，英语戏剧的基本要素、相关知识；2. 初步鉴赏能力：能读懂难度适中的英文戏剧，理解字面意思，并能指出主题、表现形式等，帮助学生进一步感受戏剧中的象征、意象等，挖掘戏剧内涵，领会作者的写作风格。

3. 书面表达能力：能就一般或专业性主题撰写简单戏剧评论，流利自如地表达个人观点，做到文章选题合理、结构清晰、内容丰富、逻辑性强。

4. 表演能力：能改编、组织并正式演出所学英语戏剧。

（三）实施说明授课采用自主式学习和合作式学习相结合的方式，课堂分主题、实战、技能三大板块。

创建多维资源，培养学生自学能力，以多种方式进行评估，全面增强学生能力。

（四）对先修课的要求具备相当的口语表达能力与写作技能。

（五）对习题课的要求提供学生经典英美戏剧资料，推荐相关书籍，教师结合学生的自我评价和同伴互评进行讲评。

（六）课程考核方式1. 考核方式：考查。

2. 考核目标：通过实战考查学生对戏剧的理解和表演技巧的把握、心理素质以及应变能力。

3. 成绩构成：最终考试成绩由平时成绩占30%（包括出勤、作业、提问等）及平时多次考核的平均成绩占70%组成。

(完整版)英美文学名词解释最全版

01. Humanism(人文主义)1>Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)1>The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)1>Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classicism(古典主义)Classicism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)1>Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift. etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)1>In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)1>The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present ,with death and graveyard as themes.2>Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)1>In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England.2>It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.3>In the history of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience. 4> The English romantic period is an age of poetry which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1837. The major romantic poets include Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)1>Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)1>Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism（美学主义）1>The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet, Theophile Gautier, the first Englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life.3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The Victorian period(维多利亚时期)1>In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)1>Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting, music and architecture.4> in England from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions. fresh ways of looki ng at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style. It is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow, tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. Famous writers to employ this technique in the English language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。

英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama

upstage
stage right
downstage
stage left
Setting the Stage
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play. Scene design consists of
• sets • lighting
Props (short for properties) are items that the characters carry or handle onstage.
• The person in charge of props must make sure that the right props are available to the actors at the right moments.
Drama
What Is Drama?
What makes Drama different from other forms of literature (fiction, poetry)? Name some of the differences by providing particular aspects about drama. For example: Actors, audience, stage, setting, lighting, music…

Practice II
ALPHABET Conversation Have a conversation where each sentence begins with the next letter of the alphabet. Here is an example: A: Anyone seen my cat? B: Black one, with funny eyes? A: Can't say I remember. B: Don't tell me you've forgotten what it looks like? A: Every cat looks the same to me. B: Fortunately, I found one yesterday A: Gee, that's great!

英美文学史复习笔记5篇

英美文学史复习笔记5篇第一篇：英美文学史复习笔记英美文学复习时期划分——Early & Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman Period ——Renaissance 文艺复兴——Revolution & Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟——Enlightenment 启蒙运动——Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期——Critical Realism 批判现实主义——20th Modernism 现代主义传统诗歌主题：nature, life, death, belief, time, youth, beauty, love, feelings of different kinds, reason(wisdom), moral lesson, morality.修辞名称：meter格律, rhyme韵, sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵, form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步, iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格, anapest抑抑扬格, dactyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步文学体裁：诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧novel起源：Christianity 基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、1、The Anglo-Saxon period(496-1066)这个时期的文学作品分类：（pagan异教徒）（Christian基督徒）2、代表作：The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》(national epic)（民族史诗）采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)Canto 诗章受到法国影响English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.1、romance传奇文学 Arthurian romances亚瑟王传奇2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(高文爵士和绿衣骑士)是一首押头韵的长诗 knighthood 骑士精神三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。

英美文学术语

英美文学术语1.Allegory (寓言)A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.A story suggests another story. An allegory is present in literature whenever it is clear that the author is saying, "By this I also mean that." In practice, allegory appears when a progression of events or images suggests a translation of them into conceptual language. Allegory is thus a technique of aligning imaginative constructs, mythological or poetic, with conceptual or moral models. During the Romantic era a distinction arose between allegory and symbol. With Coleridge, symbol took precedence: "an allegory is but a translation of abstract notions into picture-language," but "a symbol always partakes of the reality which it makes intelligible."寓言，讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力。

英美文学中的戏剧drama

Origins
• Greek tragedy • Greek comedy • Medieval drama
Division
• Full length plays (acts, scenes) • One-act plays
Staging
• All visual details and physical objects of play • (scenic background, props, lighting, sound, costumes, nonverbal gestures, movements of actors)
Susan Glaspell: Trifles
• Susan Glaspell 1882-1948 • Trifles (1916) Feminist play
Drama
Drama
• • • • • • • Drama Origins Division Staging Types Modern drama Susan Glaspell: Trifles
Definition
• A composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving conflict or contrast of character, especially one intended to be acted on the stage (soliloquy, aside)
Types
• Tragedy: portray a conflict between human beings and some superior, overwhelming force) • Comedy: a lighter form of drama primarily aiming to amuse, in which both wit and humor are utilized • Tragi-comedies: appear to be tragedies but end happily like comedies

英国戏剧知识点总结

英国戏剧知识点总结British theatre has a rich and diverse history that spans centuries, encompassing a wide range of styles, genres, and movements. From the Elizabethan age to the present day, British theatre has produced some of the most influential and enduring works in the dramatic canon. In this article, we will explore the key knowledge points about British theatre, including its history, notable playwrights and plays, major movements and styles, and the impact of British theatre on global drama.History of British TheatreThe history of British theatre can be traced back to the medieval mystery plays, which were performed in churches and town squares during the 14th and 15th centuries. These plays, which depicted biblical stories and moral allegories, laid the foundation for the development of English drama.The Renaissance period in the 16th century saw the emergence of professional theatre companies and the construction of purpose-built playhouses in London. The most famous of these is the Globe Theatre, which was built in 1599 by the company of actors known as the Lord Chamberlain's Men, with William Shakespeare as one of its shareholders. The Elizabethan era was a golden age of English drama, with many of Shakespeare's most famous plays, including "Hamlet," "Macbeth," and "Romeo and Juliet," being written and performed during this time.The 17th century saw the closing of the theatres during the English Civil War and the subsequent re-opening and renaissance of the theatre during the Restoration period. Playwrights such as John Dryden and William Wycherley wrote comedies of manners that satirized the social and moral values of the time.The 18th century witnessed the rise of sentimental comedy and the emergence of actors such as David Garrick, who is considered one of the greatest actors of his time. The 19th century saw the flourishing of melodrama and the rise of the Romantic movement in literature and theatre, with playwrights such as Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley contributing to the development of Romantic drama.The 20th century saw a wide range of dramatic movements and styles in British theatre, including naturalism, symbolism, expressionism, and the avant-garde. Notable playwrights of this period include George Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde, Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter, and Tom Stoppard, whose works continue to be performed and studied around the world.Notable Playwrights and PlaysBritish theatre has produced some of the most iconic playwrights and plays in the history of drama. William Shakespeare is, of course, the most famous and influential playwright in the English language, with a body of work that includes tragedies, comedies, and histories that continue to be performed and studied to this day.Other notable playwrights include Christopher Marlowe, who was a contemporary of Shakespeare and wrote such plays as "Doctor Faustus" and "Tamburlaine the Great"; Ben Jonson, who wrote satirical comedies such as "Volpone" and "The Alchemist"; and John Webster, whose tragedies, including "The Duchess of Malfi" and "The White Devil," are known for their intensity and psychological depth.In the 18th century, the most famous playwright was Richard Brinsley Sheridan, whose plays "The Rivals" and "The School for Scandal" are still popular with audiences and actors. In the 19th century, the most influential playwright was Oscar Wilde, whose comedies of manners, including "The Importance of Being Earnest" and "Lady Windermere's Fan," are known for their wit and social satire.The 20th century saw the emergence of a new generation of playwrights who pushed the boundaries of traditional drama and experimented with form and content. George Bernard Shaw, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925, wrote such plays as "Pygmalion" and "Saint Joan," which tackled social and political issues in a provocative and thought-provoking manner. Another influential playwright of this period was Samuel Beckett, whose absurdist plays, including "Waiting for Godot" and "Endgame," challenged traditional notions of plot, character, and dialogue.Major Movements and StylesThroughout its history, British theatre has been home to a wide range of dramatic movements and styles that have pushed the boundaries of traditional theatre and challenged audiences with innovative and experimental work. Some of the most significant movements and styles in British theatre include the following:- The Restoration Comedy: This genre of comedy, which flourished in the late 17th century, was characterized by its wit, satire, and social commentary. The playwrights of this period, including William Congreve and William Wycherley, often skewered the manners and morals of the upper classes with sharp wit and incisive dialogue.- Romantic Drama: The Romantic movement in literature and theatre, which peaked in the early 19th century, emphasized emotion, passion, and the supernatural. Playwrights such as Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote plays that reflected the themes and concerns of the Romantic movement, including the celebration of individualism, the power of nature, and the exploration of the uncanny and mysterious.- Naturalism: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the emergence of naturalistic drama, which sought to depict the lives of ordinary people in a detailed and unvarnished manner. Playwrights such as Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, though not British, had a significant impact on British theatre with their naturalistic plays, which often explored social and political issues in a realistic setting.- Modernism: The early 20th century saw the rise of modernist drama, which rejected traditional narrative structures and experimented with form, language, and symbolism.Playwrights such as T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf were key figures in the modernist movement in literature, and their work had a profound impact on British theatre.- The Angry Young Men: In the 1950s and 1960s, a new generation of playwrights emerged in Britain who were known for their gritty, realistic portrayals of the lives of working-class people. Playwrights such as John Osborne, Arnold Wesker, and Shelagh Delaney were associated with the "kitchen sink" drama movement, which depicted the social and political struggles of ordinary people in a raw and unflinching manner.Impact on Global DramaBritish theatre has had a significant impact on global drama, with its playwrights, actors, and directors exerting a profound influence on the development of theatre around the world. The works of playwrights such as Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Bernard Shaw have been translated and performed in countless countries and languages, and their influence can be seen in the work of playwrights and directors from every corner of the globe.The influence of British theatre can also be seen in the training and development of actors and directors, with the British drama school tradition, including such institutions as the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), providing a model for theatre education and training around the world.In addition, British theatre has been at the forefront of technical and theatrical innovations, with many groundbreaking developments in set design, lighting, sound, and stagecraft originating in British theatres and then spreading to theatres around the world. The West End in London and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe are two of the most important and influential theatre centers in the world, attracting audiences and artists from every corner of the globe.ConclusionBritish theatre has a rich and varied history that encompasses a wide range of styles, movements, and forms. From the medieval mystery plays to the experimental avant-garde dramas of the 20th century, British theatre has been at the forefront of theatrical innovation and creativity. The works of iconic playwrights such as William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Bernard Shaw continue to captivate and inspire audiences and artists around the world, and British theatre is sure to remain a vital and influential force in global drama for years to come.。

英美文学术语,中英对照简洁版

1. Allegory （寓言）A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. 寓言，讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力。

2. Alliteration （头韵）Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words.头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。

3. Allusion （典故）A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. 典故：作者对某些读者熟悉并能够作出反映的特定人物，地点，事件，文学作品的引用。

4. Analogy （类比）A comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them. 类比：为了在两个事物之间找出差别而进行的比较。

5. Antagonist （反面主角）The principal character in opposition to the protagonist or hero or heroine of a narrative or drama.反面主角：叙事文学或戏剧中与男女主人公或英雄相对立的主要人物。

6. Antithesis （对仗）The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words, or sentences. 对仗：两组相对的思想，言辞，词句的平衡。

英美文学选读英国部分第一章文艺复兴时期

英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第一章文艺复兴时期(The Renaissance Period)二、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史文化背景(Historical and cultural background)(1)文艺复兴是从中世纪向近代过渡时期发生在欧洲许多国家的一场思想文化运动。

它是在一些历史因素的合力作用下而引发的，如对希腊罗马古典文化的重新发现，宗教改革运动，地理和自然科学领域的探索，以及资本主义经济的扩张等。

(2)人文主义是文艺复兴的主要特征。

它颂扬人性，强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放，反对神秘主义和中古神权，反对野蛮和兽性。

(3)16世纪的宗教改革导致了新教的创立。

英格兰同罗马教皇的决裂最初源于国王亨利八世决定与其第一位妻子离婚但遭到教皇否决。

宗教教义的改革则发生在后来的爱德华六世和女王伊丽莎白一世统治期间。

(4)工商业持续发展，中产阶级逐渐壮大，非神职人员获得受教育的机会，王权巩固，宫廷成为文化生活的中心，以及海外扩张和科学探索日益拓展人们的视野，所有这些都为文学提供了新的推动力和发展方向。

威廉·卡克斯顿首次将印刷术介绍到英国，使那里的出版社迅速增加，随之而来的是印刷书籍的繁荣。

2、英国文艺复兴时期文学的特点(Features of English Renaissance literature)(1) 诗歌(Poetry)开创文艺复兴时期一代新的华丽诗风的两个最重要的人物是菲利普·悉尼爵士和埃德蒙·斯宾塞。

在他们的抒情和叙事作品中，展现出一种词藻华丽、精雕细琢的文风。

到16世纪末，出现了两类新的诗歌风格。

第一类以约翰·邓恩和其他玄学派诗人为代表；第二类风格的典范是本·琼森和他所代表的流派。

英国文艺复兴时期的最后一位大诗人是清教作家约翰·密尔顿，他的诗歌具有惊人的震撼力和优雅的韵致，同时传达出深邃的思想。

英美文学名词解释总结

Romance: Any imagination literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with a heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters.传奇故事：指以理想化的世界为背景并且描写主人公的英雄冒险事迹和善与恶的斗争的想象文学作品。

Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry.头韵：诗歌中单词开头读音的重复。

Couplet: It is a pair of rhyming verse lines, usually of the same length; one of the most widely used verse-forms in European poetry. Chaucer established the use of couplets in English, notably in the Canterbury Tales, using rhyming iambic pentameters later known as heroic coupletsBlank verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.素体诗：用五音步抑扬格写的无韵诗。

Conceit: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.新奇的比喻：将两种截然不同的食物进行对比的一种隐喻。

(完整版)英美文学史复习笔记

英美文学复习时期划分-—Early ＆ Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman Period--Renaissance 文艺复兴—-Revolution ＆ Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟——Enlightenment 启蒙运动-—Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期——Critical Realism 批判现实主义——20th Modernism 现代主义传统诗歌主题：nature, life， death， belief, time， youth, beauty， love, feelings of differen t kinds, reason（wisdom), moral lesson， morality。

修辞名称：meter格律, rhyme韵， sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵， form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步， iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格， anapest抑抑扬格, da ctyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧novel起源：Christianity基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Roma nce of king Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、 1、The Anglo—Saxon period(496—1066）这个时期的文学作品分类：（pagan异教徒）(Christ ian基督徒）2、代表作：The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》（national epic）（民族史诗)采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、 The Anglo-Norman period（1066—1350)Canto 诗章受到法国影响 English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon element s。

美国文学史及选读AmericanDrama

American Literature
Chapter 19 American Drama
Revision
Questions to Answer!!!
Who are the three women writers we talked about in the last lecture?
Name some of their famous works.
Major themes in his play
Men's struggles with his own fate Loss of self Alienation
The Hairy Ape
O'Neill explained The Hairy Ape by
saying that it was a symbol of man, who has lost his old harmony with nature, the harmony which he used to have as an animal and has not yet acquired in a spiritual way. Thus, not being able to find it on earth nor in heaven, he's in the middle, trying to make peace.
diversity became one of its salient
features.
Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953)
Tennessee Williams (1911-1983)
Representatives
Arthur Miller (1915-2005)

英美戏剧选读

What Is Drama
–
The word drama comes from the Greek verb dran, which means “to do.”

The earliest known plays . . .
–
were written around the fifth century B.C. – produced for festivals to honor Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility
Resolution conflict is resolved; play ends
Conflict is a struggle or clash between opposing characters or forces. A conflict may develop . . .
between
The elements and Structure of Drama
Aristotle categorized drama into six elements in his ―Poetics‖ in order of importance as he views them Plot Character Thought Diction （语言） Music （唱段） Spectacle （戏景）
Plot(情节)

the things that happened in the play and the ways in which those incidents connect Any plot of a dramatic work necessary has to do with conflict A play makes a progress from beginning, through middle, to end, or from exposition, through complication, to denouement.

英美文学方向

英语专业英美文学方向✓英美戏剧Drama✓英美文学选读与欣赏Reading Course on British&American Literature✓英美小说British&American Fiction1.英美戏剧DramaWhat:This course is to develop drama appreciation ability with the introduction to basic drama concepts and learning of several classical English&American dramas.1.Definition:Drama is a composite art.It is an art made out of words.2.Elements:Plot(a beginning,middle,a climax and an end);Character;Thought;Diction;Music;Spectacle3.Three unities:The unity of action:a play should have one main actionThe unity of place:a play should cover a single physical spaceThe unity of time:the action in a play should take place less than24hours.4.Historya).From the beginning to Shakespeare–The tenth century:●the church service,the earliest English dramatic form–The fourteenth century:●Miracle play(biblical histories)(1300-1450)A dramatization of the Legend of some saint or martyr and presented either miracles performedby the saint or his relics or image,or the sufferings and death of the martyr●Morality play(religious drama)late fourteenthThe characters are for the most part personified virtues and vices and they are shown characteristically as competing for the soul of the man–The late fifteenth century,early sixteenth century:●Interlude幕间幽默短剧–The end of sixteenth century(the period of transition)●Classical drama(comedy and tragedy)b).Shakespeare and his contemporaries–the last two decades of the sixteenth century●Christopher Marlowe(Elizabethan tragedy)Doctor Faustus●William Shakespeare–the first decade of the seventeenth century●Ben Johnson The Alchemistc).Restoration and the Eighteenth century：–Comedy of manners风尚喜剧–Richard Sheridand).19th century:Oscar Wildee).20th century:Bernard ShawProblem play:Drama of social criticism discusses social,economic,or political problems by means of a play.Mrs.Warren’s Profession；Major Barbara5.Hamlet:It’s about a man called on to exact revenge for the murder of his fatherProblems:The murderer is a king;the source of the information is a ghost;the revenge must be honorable Structure:Exposition:Ghost orders revenge---Rising action:Hamlet acts mad---Climax:Hamlet does things(puts ona play,berates his mother,and kills Polonius)---Falling action:Events conspire against Hamlet while he sails toEngland---Resolution:Hamlet kills king,dies.“To be,or not to be,that is a question”---The young prince meditates upon suicide,reckons on the ills of life and concludes that man bears the burden of life only because of fears of the life to come.This famous speech performs two functions of a soliloquy:to give expression to a complicated state of mind of a character and to provide a point of view on the events of the play.6.Death of a SalesmanStyle:The play is mostly told from the point of view of the protagonist,Willy,and the previous parts of Willy's life are revealed in the form of flashback.The play's structure is a stream of consciousness.When we are in the present the characters abide by the rules of the set,entering only through the stage door to the left;however,when we visit Willy's"past"these rules are removed,with characters openly moving through walls.As Willy's mental state deteriorates,the boundaries between past and present are destroyed,and the two start to exist in parallel.Character analysis:William"Willy"Loman:The salesman.He vacillates between different perceptions of his life.Willy relies on others for support.His first name,Willy,reflects this childlike aspect as well as sounding like the question"Will he?"His last name gives the feel of Willy's being a"low man,"someone low on the social ladder and unlikely to succeed.Biff Loman:Willy's older son.He likes being outdoors and working with his hands yet wants to do something worthwhile so Willy will be proud.Overall Biff remains a realist,and informs Willy that he is just a normal guy.Harold"Happy"Loman:Willy's younger son.He's lived in the shadow of his older brother Biff most of his life and seems to be almost ignored,but he still tries to be supportive towards his family.He has a very restless lifestyle as a womanizer and dreams of moving upward.Uncle Ben:He represents Willy's idea of the American Dream success story.2.英美小说British&American FictionWhat:This course is to develop fiction appreciation ability with the appreciation of several classical English&American fictions.1.Elements of FictionsTheme;Plot;Character;Diction;Point of View2.A Rose for EmilyIt is a short story by American author William Faulkner.He was an American writer known for his novels and short stories,many of which are set in South.His common theme is the Failure and decay of the South of America.Title:a)Faulkner indicates his pity and salute...to a woman you would hand a roseb)Rose is used here as a symbol of decay and deathTheme:Resistance to changeEmily's inability to realize her father's death and refusal to adapt to a changing world intensify her solitary.Character:The protagonist Emily is protector of the tradition,and its convict,beneficiary and revolter.Diction:rich nouns and abundant adjectivesPoint of View:Multiple points of view=First-person account+third-person account3.英美文学选读与欣赏Reading Course on British&American LiteratureWhat:This course is not a major course but a public selective course.Because students of all majors might take it,it is primarily focus on the appreciation ofThe Road not to be taken1.Author:Robert Lee Frost is highly regarded for his realistic description of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech.His work frequently employed settings from rural life in New England.2.Analysis:Language:plain but meaningfulTheme:1.Choices and sequencesThe road that forks into2different directions always presents a choice to be made.The speaker would like to travel both but it is impossible.He is aware of the implications of choosing badly and does not see enough differences between the two roads.But this is the nature of life.The only way is to examine and evaluate all the details until one choice seems more appealing to the character. In this case,the speaker chooses the one less travelled.However,the choice seems to be wrong“ages and ages hence”.The"sigh"can be interpreted as regret,as this is mirrored in the regretful tone of the opening lines.It would not be right to say that choosing was the most important thing, but it is the fact that a choice has been made at all“that has made all the difference”2.A reflection of individualismIt encourages the choice of“less travelled by”,of being a loner.The Road not to be takenTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler,long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;Then took the other,as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black. Oh,I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood,and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.British Part1.The Old and Medieval English literature(8th-14th)2.The Renaissance Period(14th-mid17th)features the essence of humanism.3.The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)under the influence of Enlightenment Movement celebrated reason of rationality,equality and science.4.The Romanticism period(1798-1837)gave primary concern to passion,emotion,and national beauty.5.The Realism Period(1870-1914)in the Victorian Period is concerned about the fate of the common people.6.The Modern Period(1914-1945)is mainly featured by symbolism,the stream of consciousness and naturalism after theWorld War One.American Part1.The Romanticism period(1782-1859)2.The Realism Period(1870-1914)6.The Modern Period(1914-1945)Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography is the first real American writing as well as the first real autobiography in English.Washington Irving was the first American writer who gained international fame.Ralph Waldo Emerson was regarded as leader of the movement of Transcendentalist.Ernest Hemingway is famous for his simple style and careful structuring of his fiction.。

英美3 Dramatic monologue

Dramatic monologue （戏剧性独白）1. A single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment. 诗歌由一个人的言语构成2. This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people; but we know of the auditors' presence, and what they say and do, only from clues in the discourse of the single speaker. 有一个或多个听众的存在，但其语言及行为只能从这单个说话人的话语中显示3. The main principle controlling the poet's choice and formulation of what the lyric speaker says is to reveal to the reader, in a way that enhances its interest, the speaker's temperament and character. 说话者的话语显示出其性格(M. H. Abrams)Robert Browning is usually credited with perfecting the form; certainly, Browning is the poet who, above all, produced his finest and most famous work in this form. While My Last Duchess is the most famous of his monologues, the form dominated his writing career.SoliloquySoliloquy, passage in a drama in which a character expresses his thoughts or feelings aloud while either alone upon the stage or with the other actors keeping silent. This device was long an accepted dramatic convention, especially in the theatre of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.Interior monologueinterior monologue, in dramatic and nondramatic fiction, narrative technique that exhibits the thoughts passing through the minds of the protagonists. These ideas may be either loosely related impressions approaching free association or more rationally structured sequences of thought and emotion.The term interior monologue is often used interchangeably with stream of consciousness. But while an interior monologue may mirror all the half thoughts, impressions, and associations that impinge upon the character’s consciousness, i t may also be restricted to an organized presentation of that character’s rational thoughts. Closely related to the soliloquy and dramatic monologue…。

Drama西方戏剧概说

Tragedy
The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a tragic hero. This hero
• is noble and in many ways admirable. 高贵而令人仰慕。
• has a tragic flaw, a personal failing that leads to a tragic end. 具有可悲的弱点，个人的堕落导致悲剧的结局。
pride
rebelliousness
jealousy
Comedy
A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers on a romantic conflict.
boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl
Music

Music refers to all of the auditory aspect of a play. 一出戏剧的所有声音效果，包括背景音乐、合唱、动作音效等。
Spectacle 戏景

Spectacle refers to all of the visual aspects of production—scenery, lightening, costume, make-up, and the movement of the actor. 所有戏剧的视觉效果，包括布景、灯光、服装、化妆和演员的动作。
Comedy
The main characters in a comedy could be anyone:
nobility

英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama

英美文学名词解释

高中英语 中英对照英美文学知识素材-人教版高中全册英语素材

英美戏剧教学大纲

(完整版)英美文学名词解释最全版

英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama

英美文学史复习笔记5篇

英美文学术语

英美文学中的戏剧drama

英国戏剧知识点总结

英美文学术语,中英对照简洁版

英美文学选读英国部分第一章文艺复兴时期

英美文学名词解释总结

(完整版)英美文学史复习笔记

美国文学史及选读AmericanDrama

英美戏剧选读

英美文学方向

英美3 Dramatic monologue

Drama西方戏剧概说

高中英语中英对照英美文学知识素材-人教版高中全册英语素材