英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama
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Props (short for properties) are items that the characters carry or handle onstage.
• The person in charge of props must make sure that the right props are available to the actors at the right moments.
• costumes • props
Setting the Stage
A stage’s set might be
realistic and detailed abstract and minimal
Setting the Stage
A lighting director skillfully uses light to change the mood and appearance of the set.
Tragedy
The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a tragic hero. This hero
• is noble and in many ways admirable
• has a tragic flaw, a personal failing that leads to a tragic end
Performance
Theater artists bring the playwright’s vision to life on the stage.
[Wyona is sitting on the couch. She sees Paul and jumps to her feet.] Wyona. [Angrily.] What do you want?
A drama is a story enacted onstage for a live audience.
Dramatic Structure
Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict.
Resolution conflict is resolved; play ends
Possible Forms of Conflicts
A wrong to be righted A misunderstanding to be cleared up A problem to be solved A moral dilemma to be resolved An enemy to be overcome A woman to be won…
wenku.baidu.com
The Audience
Finally, a play needs an audience to experience the performance
understand the story
respond to the characters
Practice I
Act according to the situation Shopping Driving Dining Taking a test Waiting Watching a film
arrogance rebelliousness
greed
jealousy
Comedy
A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers on a romantic conflict.
boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl
Comedy
The main characters in a comedy could be anyone:
nobility
townspeople
pets
Modern Drama
A modern play • may be tragedy, comedy, or a mixture of the two • usually focuses on personal issues
The audience responds to the play and shares the experience.
Performance of a Play
Theater artists include
Actors Directors Lighting technicians Stage crew
Drama
What Is Drama?
What makes Drama different from other forms of literature (fiction, poetry)? Name some of the differences by providing particular aspects about drama. For example: Actors, audience, stage, setting, lighting, music…
Setting the Stage
Proscenium stage • The playing area extends behind an opening called a “proscenium arch.” • The audience sits on one side looking into the action.
Climax point of highest tension; action determines how the conflict will be resolved
Complications tension builds
Exposition characters and conflict are introduced
Practice II
ALPHABET Conversation Have a conversation where each sentence begins with the next letter of the alphabet. Here is an example: A: Anyone seen my cat? B: Black one, with funny eyes? A: Can't say I remember. B: Don't tell me you've forgotten what it looks like? A: Every cat looks the same to me. B: Fortunately, I found one yesterday A: Gee, that's great!
Tragedy
A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily. • Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious, universal themes such as right and wrong justice and injustice life and death • Tragedies pit human limitations against the larger forces of destiny.
Setting the Stage
The costume director works with the director to design the actors’ costumes. • Like sets, costumes can be
detailed
minimal
Setting the Stage
The Characters
The characters’ speech may take any of the following forms.
Dialogue: conversations of characters onstage
Monologue: long speech given by one character to others Soliloquy: speech by a character alone onstage to himself or herself or to the audience Asides: remarks made to the audience or to one character; the other characters onstage do not hear an aside
upstage
stage right
downstage
stage left
Setting the Stage
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play. Scene design consists of
• sets • lighting
• usually is about ordinary people
Performance of a Play
When you read a play, remember that it is meant to be performed for an audience.
Stage Directions Playwright describes setting and characters’ actions and manner.
• The person in charge of props must make sure that the right props are available to the actors at the right moments.
• costumes • props
Setting the Stage
A stage’s set might be
realistic and detailed abstract and minimal
Setting the Stage
A lighting director skillfully uses light to change the mood and appearance of the set.
Tragedy
The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a tragic hero. This hero
• is noble and in many ways admirable
• has a tragic flaw, a personal failing that leads to a tragic end
Performance
Theater artists bring the playwright’s vision to life on the stage.
[Wyona is sitting on the couch. She sees Paul and jumps to her feet.] Wyona. [Angrily.] What do you want?
A drama is a story enacted onstage for a live audience.
Dramatic Structure
Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict.
Resolution conflict is resolved; play ends
Possible Forms of Conflicts
A wrong to be righted A misunderstanding to be cleared up A problem to be solved A moral dilemma to be resolved An enemy to be overcome A woman to be won…
wenku.baidu.com
The Audience
Finally, a play needs an audience to experience the performance
understand the story
respond to the characters
Practice I
Act according to the situation Shopping Driving Dining Taking a test Waiting Watching a film
arrogance rebelliousness
greed
jealousy
Comedy
A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers on a romantic conflict.
boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl
Comedy
The main characters in a comedy could be anyone:
nobility
townspeople
pets
Modern Drama
A modern play • may be tragedy, comedy, or a mixture of the two • usually focuses on personal issues
The audience responds to the play and shares the experience.
Performance of a Play
Theater artists include
Actors Directors Lighting technicians Stage crew
Drama
What Is Drama?
What makes Drama different from other forms of literature (fiction, poetry)? Name some of the differences by providing particular aspects about drama. For example: Actors, audience, stage, setting, lighting, music…
Setting the Stage
Proscenium stage • The playing area extends behind an opening called a “proscenium arch.” • The audience sits on one side looking into the action.
Climax point of highest tension; action determines how the conflict will be resolved
Complications tension builds
Exposition characters and conflict are introduced
Practice II
ALPHABET Conversation Have a conversation where each sentence begins with the next letter of the alphabet. Here is an example: A: Anyone seen my cat? B: Black one, with funny eyes? A: Can't say I remember. B: Don't tell me you've forgotten what it looks like? A: Every cat looks the same to me. B: Fortunately, I found one yesterday A: Gee, that's great!
Tragedy
A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily. • Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious, universal themes such as right and wrong justice and injustice life and death • Tragedies pit human limitations against the larger forces of destiny.
Setting the Stage
The costume director works with the director to design the actors’ costumes. • Like sets, costumes can be
detailed
minimal
Setting the Stage
The Characters
The characters’ speech may take any of the following forms.
Dialogue: conversations of characters onstage
Monologue: long speech given by one character to others Soliloquy: speech by a character alone onstage to himself or herself or to the audience Asides: remarks made to the audience or to one character; the other characters onstage do not hear an aside
upstage
stage right
downstage
stage left
Setting the Stage
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play. Scene design consists of
• sets • lighting
• usually is about ordinary people
Performance of a Play
When you read a play, remember that it is meant to be performed for an audience.
Stage Directions Playwright describes setting and characters’ actions and manner.