英语本科毕业论文范文[1]

Analysis of the Images of Nightingale in English Poems and Cuckoo in Chinese PoemsA Thesis Submitted tothe Department of Foreign Languages of 。

College。

Provincein Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements forthe Degree of Bachelor of Artsin English Language and LiteraturebyNumber:Supervised by: 。

March 2011AcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of 。

.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Department, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting me without a word of complaint.AbstractFor English poems or Chinese poems, an image is one of the basic elements which form the poetic arts. It is the soul of a poem. In nature, nightingale and cuckoo are two kinds of the most common bird images in English and Chinese poems. There are similarities and differences between them. The cuckoo in Chinese poems and the nightingale in English poems usually appear as grievous images. Both of them originate in their sad legends and, they symbolize mournful emotion in poems. And differences between them can be described from two sides. First, the nightingale sometimes also represents happiness while the cuckoo shows grief all the time. Second, they have different relationship with poetic schools. By reading and comparing, readers can deeply understand cuckoo and nightingale’s symbolized meaning and emotional tone.Key words: poetic image; nightingale; cuckoo, differences and similarities摘要无论是对英诗，还是对汉诗来说，意象是构成诗的艺术的基本条件之一。

它是诗歌的灵魂。

在自然界中，夜莺和杜鹃分别是英诗和汉诗中最常见的两种鸟类意象。

然而它们之间既包含了相似性，又具有差别性。

英诗中的夜莺和汉诗中的杜鹃通常都以悲伤凄凉的意象出现。

一方面它们都来源于忧伤的传说；另一方面它们在诗中都象征一种忧伤的情感。

而它们之间的差异性也可以从两个方面阐述。

一是夜莺有时也象征一种快乐，而杜鹃则一直是忧伤的代表；二是它们与诗歌流派之间的关系是不同的。

通过研究比较，读者能够更加深刻了解夜莺与杜鹃的象征意义和情感基调。

关键词：诗歌意象；夜莺；杜鹃；异同ContentsAcknowledgements (ii)Abstract (English) (iii)Abstract (Chinese) (iv)1.Introduction (1)2.Significance of Using Images in Poems (2)3.Similarities and Differences of the Images of Nightingale in EnglishPoems and Cuckoo in Chinese Poems (4)3.1 Similarities Between the Images of Nightingaleand Cuckoo (4)3.1.1 Coming from Grievous Legends (5)3.1.2 Symbolizing the Sad Feelings (7)3.2 Differences Between the Images of Nightingaleand Cuckoo (9)3.2.1 The Happy Image of Nightingale (10)3.2.2 The Different Relationship Between the Images andthe Schools (11)4. Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)1.IntroductionIn all ages, poetry is an important part of literature both in China and the western world, and is one of the most ancient literary forms. In poems, an image is an essential and creative device to express poet s’ feelings. Every poet must be cautious about choosing the image, because it maybe influences the result that whether a poem is successful or not.In the history of global culture, the image is a vital concept for poetry. Therefore, a large number of scholars have researched poetic images. Most of them study poetic image as a whole, such as what is a poetic image, what is origin of images, how to apply to images, what is the theory of the poetic images, and so on. They can research poetic images from the point view of aesthetics, and analyze the connection between poetic images and culture. And then they also compare the similarities and differences between Chinese poems and English poems when poets choose poetic images. In general, scholars discuss poetic images from a wide scope.Besides, a few of scholars have already researched some kind of specific images. For example, what cultural meaning the image of snake reflects in English poems. And what conception the moon reveals in Chinese poems, etc. However, few scholars have compared one image in Chinese poems with another similar image in English poems. This situation implies that it is not all-sided for poetic image research nowadays. As birds in nature, the nightingale in English poems and the cuckoo in Chinese poems are great and important bird images. Many scholars have studied respectively the two images. Some analyze the similarities and differences of the cuckoo image in English culture and Chinese culture. And some just interpret the nightingale image in “Ode to a Nightingale”. However, few researchers compare the cuckoo in Chinese with the nightingale in English poems.After studied, it can be seen that there are some similarities and differences between them. They are both grievous images and originate in mournful legends. Butthe nightingale is sometimes regarded as a joyful image in English poems while the cuckoo always represents grief in Chinese poems. Second, they have different relationship with poetic scholars.2.Significance of Using Images in PoemsThe poetic image is a hot topic in Chinese and west poetic researchers, and it is a difficult point in poetry. The poets of imagism are skillful in using images to create poems and express their thoughts. In fact, they use Chinese approach to produce poems for their reference. As the origin of the theory of poetic imagery, China has a key position in producing poems via images. Poetry theorists devote themselves to exploring poetic imagery for a long time. They have accumulated a wealth of experience of the definition and function of images, and their efforts finally have an answer.It is an important means for creating poetic art to form image, and is an essential part to create poetic artistic. But what is an image? An image refers to that “it is the language that produces picture in the minds of people reading or listening”(A. S. Hornby, 2004: 877). It is a basic way for poets to show passion, express thoughts and sublimate consciousness. In brief, an image is the aid for poets to express emotion. When a poet is in the outside world, at this time, an object in the outside world arouses a poet’s feelings, how does he change his feelings into lines? The existence of image is necessary. It is one way for a poet to express his feelings.For the definition of image, some domestic scholars put forward their theories. Ai Qing thinks that an image is a kind of specific feeling (Yan Taotao, 2005: 43). Zhu Guangqian considers that an image is a shadow which an object that a poet is aware of reflecting in heart (Yan Taotao, 2005: 43). And then, Jiang Ying has quoted Ezra Pound, the poet of imagism in America, to explain his viewpoint: An image is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in a certain and short period of time (Cong Zihang, 2007: 188). Therefore, the essence of image can be a thing inpoetic art which is in a stage of being stated. It is bestowed with a poetic meaning because of its merging into poetic art and being described.Pound once said, an image has been divided into two kinds. When it appears in mind, at this movement, it is subjective…; next, it is objective…. (Ezra Pound, 1989:15) In these circumstances, an image is not just a concept. It is a series of thoughts which are mixed together. This theory shows the importance of poetic imagery. And it also indicates the close relationship between poetic image and poet’s feelings.The function of image in poems is great. Usually it is regarded as a cell of a poem. Few researchers have deeply analyzed its function, so that people pay little attention to it, and they cannot appreciate poems precisely.With the formation of images, poets can express their feelings in an implicit way, and make abstract feelings specific to increase the appeal of a poem. From common sense people have known that if a poet hasn’t found a suitable image, no matter how strong his sentiment is, how deep the thought is and even how rich the imagination is, his feelings belong nowhere, like the duckweed in water. It’s difficult to form a poem.An image is the technique of a poem (Jiang Dengke, 1999: 36). In reality, it is another way to show a poet’s life and experience. Poet’s life and experience can be reflected via imagination in poems. In other word, an image reflects all of poet’s personality and will. Besides, it is a combination of poet’s sentiment, realization and expectation. The main role of image is to change poet’s subconsciousness into consciousness, in order to be more real and specific.Image is an important factor in poetry. In Chinese and Western poetry, all kinds of images appear one after another and beyond counting. But in those images, the connotations of some images in Chinese poems and in English poems are similar, such as the “rose” which always symbolizes love or enthusiasm because of its color. For example, in Robert Burns’s famous poem, “A Red Red Rose”, he had compared his lover to a red rose; and Yang Wanli in Song Dynasty had written a poem,“Red Rose”, to express romantic relationship.However, some images are completely different, such as the “west wind”. Because of different geographic position, people incountries have different ideas about west wind. In western countries, west wind can bring warm and wet airstreams and abundant rainfall, so they usually compose odes to west wind. But for Chinese, west wind can cause dry air and a cloud of dust filled the whole sky, thus Chinese people are very evasive about this topic. This shows that the connotations of poetic images in Chinese and Western poetry are either equal or different. For example, Percy Shelley had praised the west wind in“Ode to West Wind”, but Yan Shu’s ideas in “Butterflies in Love with Flowers”had run directly counter to Shelley’s:Last night the western breezeBlew withered leaves off trees.I mount the tower high.（昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路。