Exadata一体机使用的50个小技巧

Exadata管理 (3)Exadata性能优化 (3)让表使用flash cache (3)可以使用如下公式计算Exadata特性对IO的优化 (3)可以使用如下公式计算Exadata Storage Index对Disk IO减少的共享 (3)可以使用如下计算Flash Cache的使用率 (3)收集cell级别的表缓存统计信息的方法 (3)确认在使用write back flash cache (4)确认所有的griddisk均为正常online状态 (4)确认所有的flashdisk均为正常online状态 (4)启用write back flash cache的方法 (4)确认Exadata 计算节点间的网络带宽 (5)检测多个ORACLE_HOME是否RDS可用？ (6)relink ORACLE_HOME的RDS (6)不同配置Exadata的推荐最大并行度 (6)Exadata EHCC支持 (6)Exadata 压缩信息 (6)针对写日志redo特别多的应用建议启用Smart Flash logging特性 (6)Exadata DB管理 (6)Exadata存储空间计算 (7)查看cell软件版本 (7)了解cell的温度 (7)cell存储节点的日志存放位置 (7)列出cell中的alert history (7)为cell创建一个告警阈值 (7)cell可用性监控 (8)如何禁用Smart Scan? (8)如何禁用storage index? (8)如何禁用flash cache? (8)cell相关的数据库视图有以下这些视图 (8)配置Inter-Database IORM (8)如何禁用布隆过滤Bloom Fliter (9)Exadata数据备份 (9)backup备份速率 (9)recovery应用日志恢复速率 (9)standby database搭建 (9)Exadata恢复 (9)cell 救护 (9)Exadata部署 (9)onecommand下载 (9)Exadata安装前准备工作 (10)环境检查 (10)验证网络连通性 (10)Exadata监控 (11)exachk健康检查脚本 (11)Exadata文档信息 (12)Exadata硬件篇 (12)常规 (12)默认密码，以下是Exadata中cell/db node IB等的默认密码： (12)硬件常规巡检： (12)检测Exadata数据库机器上的硬件和固件版本是否匹配？ (13)检测软件版本与平台是否匹配？ (13)为cell启用邮件告警 (13)监控磁盘故障 (13)更换Storage Cell硬盘 (13)观察Database Server 磁盘状态 (13)观察Database Server RAID状态 (13)Storage Cell加电启动 (14)检测memory ECC错误 (14)若发现Exadata上存在磁盘损毁则： (14)检测cell server Cache Policy (14)Exadata 停机： (15)Exadata 启动 (16)Infiniband篇 (16)启停IBSwitch (16)检查IB链路状态 (17)查看IB网络拓扑状态 (17)诊断IB链路没有错误 (17)查看IB网络连线 (17)查看IB健康状态 (17)IB健康检查 (17)IB故障处理 (17)IB硬件监控 (18)Switch端口错误 (18)Link状态 (18)Subnet manager (18)CISCO交换机 (18)例行维护操作 (18)KVM (19)PDU (19)故障处理 (19)Exadata管理Exadata性能优化让表使用flash cacheALTER TABLE <object name> storage (CELL_FLASH_CACHE KEEP);可以使用如下公式计算Exadata特性对IO的优化[ 1 – {(cell physical IO interconnect bytes returned by smart scan)/ (cell IO uncompressed bytes + cell physical IO bytes saved by storage index)} ] * 100 可以使用如下公式计算Exadata Storage Index对Disk IO减少的共享(cell physical IO bytes saved by storage index / physical read total bytes) * 100可以使用如下计算Flash Cache的使用率(cell flash cache read hit / physical read total IO requests) * 100收集cell级别的表缓存统计信息的方法SQL> SELECT data_object_id FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE object_name=’EMP'; OBJECT_ID———57435CellCLI> LIST FLASHCACHECONTENT –WHERE objectNumber=57435 DETAIL cachedSize: 495438874dbID: 70052hitCount: 415483missCount: 2059objectNumber: 57435tableSpaceNumber: 1确认在使用write back flash cache#dcli -g ~/cell_group -l root cellcli -e “list cell attributes flashcachemode”Results:flashCacheMode: WriteBack -> write back flash cache is enabled flashCacheMode: WriteThrough -> write back flash cache is not enabled确认所有的griddisk均为正常online状态# dcli -g cell_group -l root cellcli -e list griddisk attributes asmdeactivationoutcome, asmmodestatus确认所有的flashdisk均为正常online状态# dcli -g cell_group -l root cellcli -e list flashcache detail启用write back flash cache的方法A. Enable Write Back Flash Cache using a ROLLING method(RDBMS & ASM instance is up – enabling write-back flashcache one cell at a time) Log onto the first cell that you wish to enable write-back FlashCache1. Drop the flash cache on that cell# cellcli -e drop flashcache2. Check if ASM will be OK if the grid disks go OFFLINE. The following command should return ‘Yes’ for the grid disks being listed:# cellcli -e list griddisk attributes name,asmmodestatus,asmdeactivationoutcome 3. Inactivate the griddisk on the cell# cellcli –e alter griddisk all inactive4. Shut down cellsrv service# cellcli -e alter cell shutdown services cellsrv5. Set the cell flashcache mode to writeback# cellcli -e “alter cell flashCacheMode=writeback”6. Restart the cellsrv service# cellcli -e alter cell startup services cellsrv7. Reactivate the griddisks on the cell# cellcli –e alter griddisk all active8. Verify all grid disks have been successfully put online using the following command:# cellcli -e list griddisk attributes name, asmmodestatus9. Recreate the flash cache# cellcli -e create flashcache all10. Check the status of the cell to confirm that it’s now in WriteBack mode:# cellcli -e list cell detail | grep flashCacheMode11. Repeat these same steps again on the next cell. However, before taking another storage server offline, execute the following making sure ‘asmdeactivationoutcome’ displays YES:# cellcli -e list griddisk attributes name,asmmodestatus,asmdeactivationoutcomeB . Enable Write Back Flash Cache using a NON-ROLLING method (RDBMS & ASM instances are down while enabling write-back flashcache)1. Drop the flash cache on that cell# cellcli -e drop flashcache2. Shut down cellsrv service# cellcli -e alter cell shutdown services cellsrv3. Set the cell flashcache mode to writeback# cellcli -e “alter cell flashCacheMode=writeback”4. Restart the cellsrv service# cellcli -e alter cell startup services cellsrv5. Recreate the flash cache# cellcli -e create flashcache all确认Exadata 计算节点间的网络带宽可以采用nc nc-1.84-10.fc6.x86_64.rpm获得检测多个ORACLE_HOME是否RDS可用？dcli -g /opt/oracle.SupportTools/onecommand/dbs_group -l oracle md5sum${ORACLE_HOME}/lib/libskgxp11.sorelink ORACLE_HOME的RDSdcli -g /opt/oracle.SupportTools/onecommand/dbs_group -l oracle “exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME;;cd `pwd`;;make –f i*mk ipc_rds”dcli -g /opt/oracle.SupportTools/onecommand/dbs_group -l oracle “exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME;;cd `pwd`;;make –f i*mk ioracle” | egrep‘rm|mv.*oracle’不同配置Exadata的推荐最大并行度配置CPU个数推荐最大Parallelism Full Rack64 core DOP=256Half Rack32 core DOP=128Quarter Rack16 core DOP=64Exadata EHCC支持Exadata的EHCC支持宽表最大支持1000个字段的表，而不像11.1中的压缩仅支持最多255列的表Exadata 压缩信息通过dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio 可以获得表的压缩信息针对写日志redo特别多的应用建议启用Smart Flash logging特性CREATE FLASHLOG ALLCREATE FLASHLOG ALL SIZE=1GCREATE FLASHLOG CELLDISK=’fd1,fd2′CREATE FLASHLOG CELLDISK=’fd1,fd2′ SIZE=1GExadata DB管理Exadata存储空间计算FreeMB(最大可用空间) =GridDisk*12*Num of Cells/RedundancyUsableMB (支持1个CELL故障的最大可用空间) =GridDisk*12*(Num of Cells – 1) /Redundancy查看cell软件版本imagehistoryimageinfo了解cell的温度dcli -g cell_group -l root “ipmitool sensor | grep ‘Inlet Amb Temp'”cell存储节点的日志存放位置$ADR_BASE/diag/asm/cell/`hostname`/trace/alert.log$ADR_BASE/diag/asm/cell/`hostname`/trace/ms-odl.*$ADR_BASE/diag/asm/cell/`hostname`/trace/svtrc__0.trc — ps -ef | grep “cellsrv 100″ $ADR_BASE/diag/asm/cell/`hostname`/incident/*/var/log/messages*, dmesg /var/log/sa/*/var/log/cellos/*列出cell中的alert historylist alerthistory wher e notificationState like ‘[023]’ and severity like‘[warning|critical]’ and examinedBy = NULL;为cell创建一个告警阈值cellclicreate threshold CD_IO_ERRS_MIN warning=1, comparison=’>=’, occurrences=1, observation=1;cell可用性监控一般建议使用EMGC Oracle Exadata Storage Server Management Plug-In 监控如何禁用Smart Scan?设置Cell_offload_processing=false如何禁用storage index?设置_kcfis_storageidx_disabled=true如何禁用flash cache?11.2.0.2 以后设置_kcfis_keep_in_cellfc_enabled=false11.2.0.1中设置_kcfis_control1=1cell相关的数据库视图有以下这些视图select * from sys.GV_$CELL_STATE;select * from sys.GV_$CELL;select * from sys.GV_$CELL_THREAD_HISTORY;select * from sys.GV_$CELL_REQUEST_TOTALS;select * from sys.GV_$CELL_CONFIG;配置Inter-Database IORMCellCLI> alter iormplan –dbplan = ((name = production, level = 1, allocation = 100), –(name = test, level = 2, allocation = 80), –(name = other, level = 2, allocation = 20))IORMPLAN successfully alteredCellCLI> alter iormplan activeIORMPLAN successfully alteredCellCLI> list iormplan detailname: cell4_IORMPLANcatPlan:dbPlan: name=production,level=1,allocation=100name=test,level=2,allocation=80name=other,level=2,allocation=20status: active如何禁用布隆过滤Bloom Fliter设置_bloom_pruning_enabled=falseExadata数据备份backup备份速率Exadata下rman备份的速率从1通道到8通道大约为1003MB/s 到2081MB/s，视乎配置不同也略微有区别recovery应用日志恢复速率exadata recovery的速率大约为每秒600~1000MB/s的归档日志standby database搭建对于50TB的standby database搭建，若使用infiniband + 4rman通道大约耗费5.5小时，若使用GigE则在18个小时左右Exadata恢复cell 救护可以通过/opt/oracle.SupportTools/make_cellboot_usb脚本创建内部USB cellboot_usb_in_rescure_modeExadata部署onecommand下载可以下载patch (9935478) ONECOMMAND FOR Exadata 11gR2Exadata安装前准备工作1. 下载安装介质包括Grid, Database,Patches等2. 硬件设备到货验收并安装就绪3. 规划DBM用的管理网，生产网，ILOM等用的网段和IP地址4. 配置DNS服务器5. 将IP地址和域名注册到DNS服务器6. 配置NTP服务器7. 网络连线环境检查1. 检查DBM主机的eth0网卡是否可以通过cisco交换机被访问2. 检查hardware and firmware profile是否正确3. 验证InfiniBand Network验证网络连通性1.登陆第一台数据库服务器使用sh脚本验证网络连通性2.验证DNS是否正常3.验证NTP 服务器是否正常安装Exadata Storage Server Image Patch (root user)1. 在db server和cell server上为root用户配置SSH# /opt/oracle.SupportTools/onecommand/setssh.sh -s -u root -p password -n N -h dbs_group2. 检查当前Cell storage server的Exadata Image 版本3. 安装最新的Patch具体步骤详见Readme4. 验证当前Exadata Image version#cd /opt/oracle.SupportTools/firstconf#dcli -l root -g quarter ‘imagehistory | grep –i Version使用OneCommand工具完成DBM的配置安装1. #cd /opt/oracle.SupportTools/onecommand2. Display the onecommand steps# ./deploy112.sh -i –l3. The steps in order are…Step 0 = ValidateThisNodeSetupStep 1 = SetupSSHForRootStep 2 = ValidateAllNodesStep 3 = UnzipFilesStep 4 = UpdateEtcHostsStep 5 = CreateCellipnitoraStep 6 = ValidateHWStep 7 = ValidateIBStep 8 = ValidateCellStep 9 = PingRdsCheckStep 10 = RunCalibrateStep 11 = ValidateTimeDateStep 12 = UpdateConfigStep 13 = CreateUserAccountsStep 14 = SetupSSHForUsersStep 15 = CreateOraHomesStep 16 = CreateGridDisksStep 17 = InstallGridSoftwareStep 18 = RunGridRootScriptsStep 19 = Install112DBSoftwareStep 20 = Create112ListenerStep 21 = RunAsmCaStep 22 = UnlockGIHomeStep 23 = UpdateOPatchStep 24 = ApplyBPStep 25 = RelinkRDSStep 26 = LockUpGIStep 27 = SetupCellEmailAlertsStep 28 = RunDbcaStep 29 = SetupEMDbControlStep 30 = ApplySecurityFixesStep 31 = ResecureMachineTo run a command#./deploy112.sh –i –s NWhere N corresponds to a step number Example to run step 0Exadata监控exachk健康检查脚本exachk脚本可以以daemon形式后台运行./exachk –d start以daemon形式cluster support运行./exachk –clusternodes [node1,[node N]] –d start!Exadata文档信息Exadata的官方文档/cd/E50790_01/welcome.html另外文档还保存在您cell 的/opt/oracle/cell/doc/ 目录下。