仁爱版九年级英语unit1_Unit2重点语法
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一、现在完成时:表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响
或结果。即“过去的动作+ 现在的结果”,强调结果。如:
I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.)
我已经买了一辆新的自行车。(强调我现在有了一辆新车。)
(一)构成形式:助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词
肯定句:I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。
否定句:I haven’t seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。
一般疑问句:Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗?
回答:Yes, I have.是的,我看过了。No, I haven’t.不,我没看过。
特殊疑问句:What have you done?你已经做了什么?
(二)have/ has been to与have/ has gone to
have/ has been to + 某地,到过某地,说话时人已经回来了。
have /has gone to + 某地,说明去了某地,说话时人还没回来。如:
I have been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。
---- Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿?--- He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。
(三)现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用:
1.already 和yet
already “已经”(多用于肯定陈述句),如:He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。
yet “已经; 还”(用于否定句或疑问句),如:Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗?
I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。
※already 也可用于疑问句,表“出乎意料或惊奇”
Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了?
2.ever 和never
ever “曾经”(多用于疑问句,问初次经历),如:I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。never
never“从未;从来不”(多用于否定陈述句),常回答ever的句型。如:
I have never seen him before.
----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗?----No, never. 不,从来不。
3.just
just “刚刚”(多用于肯定句,位于谓语动词之前),如:
I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。
4.before
before “之前”(一般位于句末;常与never呼应),如:
He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.
他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。
(四)现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用:
a)“for + 时间段”(长达…) 与“since + 时间点”(自从……以来),都表“一段时间”,常用How long 提问。
如: ----How long have you been like this?
---I have been like this since last month./ for a month.
---How long have you lived in Changle?
----I have lived in Changle for ten years / since ten years ago.
b) 如句中含有非延续性动词,则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。
如:I bought this TV three days ago.= I have had this TV for three days.
His cat died yesterday.= His cat has been dead since yesterday.
常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下:
come—be here; go—be there; close—be closed; open—be open;
buy—have; borrow —keep; leave—be away; begin—be on;
finish—be over; die—be dead etc.
二、构词法
合成词:由两个或者更多独立的单词组合成一个单词。如:
motherland, basketball, filmmaker, birthday; hometown, greenhouse, etc.
派生词:一词通过加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。
如:1)常见的前缀
dis-; un-; im- 表示“不”,如:
dislike(不喜欢)disappear(消失)disagree (不同意)disobey(不遵守)unhappy(不快乐)unfair(不公平)unlike(不像)unfriendly(不友好)impolite (不礼貌)impossible(不可能)
re- 表示“重复”,如:
retell(复述)review(复习)rewrite(重写)return(重返)
super- 表示“超”,如:
supermarket(超市)superman(超人)superstar(超级明星)
mis- 表示“错误”,如:
mistake(错误)misunderstand(误解)
2) 常见的后缀:
名词后缀:-er, -or; -ness; -tion; - ment 如:
worker(工人)player(选手)teacher(教师)driver(司机)
visitor (参观者)inventor(发明者)translator (翻译者)
question(问题)invention (发明)education (教育)organization(组织)movement(运动)agreement(同意)development(发展)
形容词后缀:-ful; -ous; -less - able; -y 如:
useful (有用的)careful(认真的)helpful (有帮助的)successful(成功的)dangerous(危险的)famous (著名的)delicious (可口的)serious(严肃的)homeless (无家可归的)careless(粗心的)useless(无用的)
changeable (易变的)countable(可数的)
cloudy (多云的)windy (有风的)sleepy(困倦的)rainy(下雨的)
三、直接引语和间接引语
在引用别人原话时,被引用的部分称为直接引语;如:
“What are you reading,Jane?” Maria asked.
当用自己的话转述别人的话时,被转述部分称为间接引语。如:
Maria asked Jane what she was reading.
直接引语和间接引语可互相转换,但要注意以下几个变化:
直接引语变为间接引语时,引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。
1)如果直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,引导词用that或省略。如:
She said, “I’m very glad to have such a chance.”