上海高考语法非谓语讲义(含学案)
第11讲 非谓语动词：动词不定式(讲义)(学生版) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第01讲动词不定式目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (2)02 知识导图.思维引航 (3)03 考点突破.考法探究 (3)【基础详单】 (3)知识点1 不定式的概念及特点 (4)知识点2 不定式的时态和语态 (4)考点一不定式的句法功能 (4)知识点1 作主语 (4)知识点2 作宾语 (5)知识点3 作补语 (6)知识点4 作表语 (7)知识点5 作定语 (8)知识点6 作状语 (9)考点二不定式的特殊用法 (11)知识点1 疑问词+不定式 (11)知识点2 不定式的省略 (12)知识点3 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 (12)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (13)2.命题演练 (14)三年真题考点分布【基础详单】知识点1 不定式的概念及特点非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。
包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。
知识点2 不定式的时态和语态考点一不定式的句法功能知识点1 作主语【名师提醒】 1.不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerable等。
3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
非谓语讲义(含答案)
非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的用法和要点：•非谓语动词的三种形式(不定式, 动名词和分词)、各种变化和否定式；•动词不定式和动名词的复合结构、疑问词加动词不定式、分词的独立结构复习要点：动词不定式( to do )：1.2.作用：1)作主语：To make him change his mind is not easy.2)作宾语：I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.3)作宾语补足语：I asked him to repeat the question.4)作定语：He has something interesting to do5)作状语：He ran all the way in order to catch the bus.6)作表语：Her job is to teach kids.注意要点：II. 动名词：1. 形式：2作用；1)作主语：Helen's being late for school made me annoyed.2)作宾语：My sister practises playing the piano every day.3) 作定语：The sleeping car is quite comfortable.4) 作表语：His job is teaching English.注意要点：非谓语动词二III. 分词1形式：分词可分现在分词和过去分词，但按时间和语态又可分为以下五种，各表示不同的意思：2. 作用：1)作定语：The lady carrying a suitcase is Ms Wang.2)作状语；时间状语, 原因状语,条件状语,伴随状语3)作表语：The story is touching.The window is broken.4)作宾语补足语：I found a man sitting in his car.He had the car mended.注意要点：对下列句子做相应的转变：The –ing Participle as Adverbial1.Hearing the good news, we were very glad. (time )e.g. After we heard the good news, we were very glad.2.Being a child, he could not understand it.(reason)As he was a child, he…3.Not knowing that a storm was coming, I went out.(reason)As I did not know that a storm was coming, I…4.Working hard, you will succeed.(condition)If you work hard, …5.He stood there, reading the wall-newspaper. ( accompaniment)He stood there and read the wall-newspaper.--ed participlepared with John’s, your composition this time is not so good.( reason)If your composition is compared with John’s, yours this time is not so good.7.Given time, I’ll revise it and have it typed.( time, condition)If I am given time, I’ll…8.Badly polluted, the water can not be drunk.( reason)As the water is badly polluted, it can not be drunk.9.They looked at each other, troubled. ( accompaniment)They looked at each other and they are troubled.10.As he was an old friend of mine, he told me his own experience in English studies.Being an old friend of mine, …11.If you turn right at the traffic lights, you will see the tall building.Turning right at the traffic lights, you…12.A car accident happened yesterday evening and killed three people.…, killing three people.13.When I opened the door, I saw nobody in the room.Opening the door, I saw nobody….14.Since he does not know how to say it, he made a terrible mistake.Not knowing how to sa y it, he…15.The old woman sat in an easy chair. She listened to the music.…, listening to the music.16.We take off our shoes and walk quietly along the passage.Taking off our shoes, we walk quietly along the passage.17. He is busy because he is preparing a speech.He is busy preparing a speech.18. The children came into the hall. They sang and danced.…, singing and dancing.19. He held the rope with one hand and helped the child with the other.Holding the rope with one hand, he helped the child with the other.20. When water is heated, it changes into steam.Heated, water changes into steam.21. As the child was treated in time, he was saved.Treated in time, the child was saved.22. If she is given time, she will be a good singer.Given time, she will be a good singer.23. When it is compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.Compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.24. As those soldiers were badly wounded, they were taken to the field-hospital.Badly wounded, those soldiers were taken to the field hospital.25. As they were tired out by a day’s hard work, they went to bed early.Tired out by a day’s hard work, hey went to bed early.26. When the balloon was blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.Blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.27. They came back and they were feeling excited.They came back, feeling excited/ excited.06高考试题1．______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (06, 全国)A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising2. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06, 浙)A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared3. ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06, 福)A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed4. There have been several new events _______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.( 06 北)A. addB. to addC. addingD. addedKey: B C B D✧现在分词和过去分词在形式上的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做表语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做宾补的的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别固定形式课后测试题1、Finding her car stolen, ____A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help2、Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in3、I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time4、Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.A. he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure5、Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything.A. to tell to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told。
【高考】英语语法完全讲解非谓语动词ppt课件
boiling water 沸腾的水
boiled water 烧开过的水
例子
falling leaves 正在下落的树 fallen leaves 已经落下的叶 叶developing countries 发展 子developed countries 发达
中国家
国家
不定式to be done，过去分词done和现在分词being done 形式作定语的区别
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
③不定式用在某些形容词后作状语，表示喜、怒、哀、 乐等原因。
I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business.
NO.2 分词作状语
高考英语语法完全讲解 非谓语动词
定义及分类
1、定义：充当除谓语以外其它句子成分的动词形式称为非谓语 动词 2、分类：动词不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）
一、非谓语动词作状语
NO. 1不定式作状语
①不定式在句中作目的状语，有时候为了强调，可以在 不定式前加上in order或者so as，但是so as to do只能 放在句中。
NO.2 非谓语动词作宾语
① 大多数动词后接不定式作宾语，常见的有：decide, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, agree, plan, afford等。
高考非谓语讲解含解题技巧ppt课件
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
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3.remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop
3
谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ___A__ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
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非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：
1.并行结构问题，
Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.
2.需要注意一些结构：
A) 在 It’s no use (good; value; importance) 等结构中只用动名 词作主语。如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比较：There’s no need to tell him about it.
B. seized.., disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关 键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。
超实用高考英语专题复习：高考英语语法之非谓语动词(定状补)课件
doing
非谓语动词形式
done
to do
非谓语动词作状语
1.现在分词作状语 2.过去分词作状语 3.动词不定式作状语 4.非谓语动词作状语与状语从句的省略 5.独立成分作状语
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等，分词与句子主语之间存 在逻辑上的主动关系。
Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
独立成分作状语
独立成分作状语其形式不受上下文的影响，常用的有：
considering(that)... (鉴于...;考虑到...) generally speaking(一般来说） judging by/ from(从...来看；依据...来判断） supposing(that)... （只要...) talking/speaking of... (谈及...) given (that)... (考虑到...) to tell the truth(实话实说） to be honest(老实说） to make matters worse(更糟糕的是）
过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语常表原因、伴随、时间、让步等，分词与句子主语之间 存在逻辑上的被动关系。
Seriously injured， she has to be sent to hospital at once.
2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时， 这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如 lost(迷路的）, seated（坐着的），lost/ absorbed in(沉浸于）， dressed in（穿着...的）。
高考英语非谓语动词知识点(学案不含答案)
高中英语语法复习系列讲义——非谓语动词一、复习要点1.掌握非谓语动词的三种基本形式、各种形式在句中能充当的成分及不同形式间的辨析2.掌握常见搭配二、知识点梳理1．非谓语动词作宾语We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.(3)下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意。
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事；forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事remember to do sth. 记得要做某事；remember doing sth. 记得做了某事regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事；regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事try to do sth. 尽全力做某事；try doing sth. 试着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(4)在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
allow/permit/for bid/advise doing/ sb. to do Smoking is forbid den here so we don’t allow you to smoke.We don’t allow smoking here.(5)动词need, require, want 作“需要”,deserve作“应受,应得”解时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。
need/require/want doing = need/require/want to be doneThe car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired.(6)be worth doing表示被动意思，而be worth to be done是错误结构！The book is worth reading. = The book is worth a read.2.非谓语动词作定语(1) 不定式作定语的几种情况a. 不定式表将来。
高中英语高考一轮复习 非谓语专题讲义
高中英语教师辅导教案课次编号：年级：课时数：3 学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课时间：非谓语的句法功能学习目标非谓语的形式教学内容非谓语知识梳理时态：若非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则用一般式。
语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式否定式：在非谓语动词前+ not结构特征1.主语：不定式：It’s + adj + to do动名词：It’s no use/useless/ no good/worthwhile doing sth句首ingSeeing is believing./To see is to belive不定式：V + to do动名词：V + doing3.表语不定式：...is to do...动名词：...is doing分词：...is -ved 感到...的；...的...is -ving 令人感到...的；令人...的4.定语不定式：n to do动名词：swimming pool/waiting room分词：位置特征：在N 的前或后边前置：单个分词/形容词后置：分词短语/从句/复合不定代词5.状语伴随状语= 并列句其他状语=状语从句(1)V sb to do sth.(2)看/听/感觉(3)使役动词：have /make/let / get难点易错点：非谓语的时态语态非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前__________________many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises.They appeared ______________ (misunderstand)me, so I had to explain to them.___________________ (ask)to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.表示将来，且为被动She is busy preparing for the exams __________ (hold) next month.He said he was _________ (send) there to attend an important meeting next Friday.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _______(discovered).表示正在进行中，且为被动The problem____________ (discuss) in the meeting room now. Let’s just wait for the result.易错要点总结：（一）被动形式表主动意义某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化, 且常用于系表结构中，此时这些过去分词只表示状态，作状语不表示被动关系，前面不能加being。
上海高考英语专职辅导备课内容 非谓语
1.As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.→_Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.不稳定的;动荡的;易变的Conditions in the coastal towns were unsettled after the hurricane.飓风过后沿海城镇的形势颇不稳定。
2.未定居的,无居民的A large part of the southwestern United States is unsettled desert.美国西南部的大部分是无人居住的沙漠。
3.未解决的;不定的;怀疑的The argument remains unsettled.这项争议仍未解决。
4.未付清的,未清算的2. As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.→_Confused by the new surroundings__, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep._Exhausted_, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.4. When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.→_ Questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.5.If we were given more time, we could do the job better.Given more time__, we could do the job better.Summary1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。
上海高三英语教师辅导讲义 语法
年级：高三课时数： 3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 专题-语法填空固定搭配和语法解析星级★★★教学目标能掌握语法填空中的主要考点和常用固定搭配(1). The sun was setting down when my car ______ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village . ( 07广东) ( broke )(2). Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention. （08广东）( results )(3).People stepped on your feet or ______ ( push ) you with their elbows.（09广东）(pushed )(4).“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ________ ( inform ).（09广东）( was informed )(5).After a four-day journey, the young man ______ ( present ) the water to the old man.（10广东）( presented )(6). He ______( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.（11广东）（was pretending ）18.________________________________________________________答案：派生词（词性变换）批注：提醒学生常用前后缀(1). Most of the _______( Africa ) are still living in poverty. （Americans ）(2). China’s ___________ ( develop) of economy needs more careful planning. ( development )(3). Can you tell me the ______ ( long) of the Great Wall ?( length )(4). I’m very thankful for your ________ ( help ) me.( helping)(5). Going out for a part-time job can ______ ( rich ) one’s social ex perience. ( enrich )(6). He ______ ( achievement) a lot in the field of science in the past ten years.( has achieved)(7). The article ________ ( simple ) to make it easy for students to understand.( has been simplified )(8). What’s the _______ ( ric h ) businessman in China ? ( richest )(9). He has become the ________( clever ) of the two. ( cleverer )(10.I hope the dream that becoming a _________ ( piano) will come true. ( pianist )(11). He is __________ ( comfort ) because he’s ill. ( uncomfortable )(12). I was sorry to find him ________ ( conscious ) of the importance of study.(unconscious )(13). The boy jumped up and down _________ ( happy) at the news. ( happily)(14). The old lady is _______ ( extreme ) glad to see her daughter come back.( extremely)(15). The lady was broken down by a car . _________ ( fortunate ) there was no one nearby. (unfortunately)(16). This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ________ ( nature ) course. （08 广东）(natural )(17). But Jane knew from her past experience that her ________ ( choose ) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. （09 广东）(choice )19.________________________________________________________答案：冠词批注：1. 引导学生回顾冠词的基本用法，把握“特指”和“泛指”2. 1) . 如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“ 一个（本、种、杯------）” 时，一般填a/an.如果可翻译成“ 这、这些、那、那些”时，一般填the .2) . 泛指填a\an , 特指填the.3). 如果名词后面有: of 短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the.定冠词的用法比较不好记，下面的顺口溜或许能帮助大家。
上海市2022届高三英语二轮复习非谓语复习讲解(基础版)
高三非谓语复习讲解---基础版➢知识点讲解梳理（一）非谓语动词的作用句子成分主语宾语表语补语定语状语非谓语不定式✓✓✓✓✓✓动名词✓✓✓✓分词✓✓✓✓（二）非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生完成式To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前（三）非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
（四）非谓语动词的比较一）不定式和动名词作主语的比较1、不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.2、不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。
2024版年度高中语法非谓语动词详细讲解课件完整版
高中语法非谓语动词详细讲解课件完整版目录CONTENCT •概述与引入•动词不定式详解•动名词详解•分词详解•非谓语动词比较与选择•实战演练与巩固提高01概述与引入非谓语动词定义及作用定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，但仍然具有动词的特性，如时态、语态和语气等。
作用非谓语动词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，使句子更加简洁明了，表达更加丰富多彩。
01 02 03 04 05种类非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，表示一次性的动作或未发生的动作。
动名词由动词原形加-ing构成，表示一种持续的状态或行为。
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，分别由动词原形加-ing和-ed构成，表示主动和被动的概念。
形式非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式等。
非谓语动词种类与形式混淆非谓语动词与谓语动词的用法忽略非谓语动词的逻辑主语误用非谓语动词的时态和语态忽略非谓语动词的否定形式学习中常见问题及误区非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，必须与助动词或情态动词一起构成谓语。
非谓语动词虽然不作谓语，但仍然有逻辑主语，需要根据语境判断其逻辑主语是谁。
非谓语动词的时态和语态需要根据句子的语境和时态来判断，不能随意使用。
非谓语动词的否定形式通常在其前面加not ，需要特别注意。
02动词不定式详解不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在…It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
要点一要点二不定式作表语时，表示主语的内容或性质、特征。
例如Her job is to teach English. 她的工作是教英语。
动词不定式作主语和表语不定式作宾语时，常跟在某些及物动词后面，如want, …I want to go home. 我想回家。
要点一要点二不定式作宾语补足语时，常跟在某些动词后面，形成复合宾语…He asked me to help him. 他让我帮助他。
非谓语动词语法讲义高考英语一轮复习
非谓语动词在英语中，不能充当句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词，也称非限定动词。
非谓语动词是高中最重要的语法项目，是历年高考的常考点，非谓语动词包括其三种基本形式，六种主要成分。
一、三种基本形式：动词不定式动词ing形式过去分词:（1）表泛指意义的行为时，多用动名词作主语；表具体的行为或将来的行为，必须用动词不定式作主语，且谓语动词都用单数。
Smoking is prohibited here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)（2）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.It would be best to tell him the truth..动名词用作后置形式主语的情况远远不及不定式那么普通，实际上动名词这种后置形式只限于下列名词或形容词后面。
在good, fun, use, time等名词的后边。
It is no good helping him. He doesn’t help himself.(他自己不争气)It is great fun preparing for a party.It is no use arguing with you.It is a waste of time watching such a lot of TV.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别:(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2024届高考英语重点语法之非谓语动词解读+课件
...sell her gold and silver to pay for...
Growing up in..., he developed...
问题导向
目标教学
达标导讲
反馈导正
归纳导思
Activity 4 Analyse and summarize the usage of non-finite verbs.
问题导向
目标教学
达标导讲
反馈导正
归纳导思
Activity 3 Analyse the functions of non-finite verbs.
...he regretted making this mistake.
the leading poets of...
Wang Anshi began to carry out...
目标教学
达标导讲
反馈导正
归纳导思
3. The changed political environment had forced Ouyang Xiu to leave the capital city.
4.When Ouyang Xiu, the chief examiner , read the article written by him,
The changed political environment.
...forced Ouyang Xiu to leave...
the article written by him.
...he felt pleasantly surprised.
...it was a custom to observe mourning...
反馈导正
专题 5 非谓语动词-2023年上海市高考英语二轮复习备考讲义(原卷版)
专题5非谓语动词【考情分析】近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。
在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。
在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。
【考点梳理】考点一非谓语动词的形式及功能一. 非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二. 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：1. 不定式①基本形式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)②被动式：to be done(表示被动，并且一般表示将来)③进行式：to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时：to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式：to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式：to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)例如：The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。
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语法专项非谓语非谓语动词是英语学习的难点，也是语法填空题的重要考核点。
做语法填空时要先判断是否要填非谓语形式；然后根据句意判断使用非谓语动词的何种形式：不定式、动名词还是分词。
对于非谓语部分，我们要掌握其形式和用法。
一、动词不定式表示一般的状态；表示动作时有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
例句：（请在划线部分填上所给词的正确形式）●他似乎知道这件事。
He seems ____________ (know) this matter.●他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
They invited us ___________ ( go ) there this summer.(2)不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
●他假装在认真地听老师讲课。
He pretended ___________________ (listen) to the teacher carefully.(3)不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
●对我来说，在你们国家玩了这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
It’s an honor for me _________________(travel) so many places in your country.(4)不定式的完成进行式表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
●据说她很多年一直在研究这个问题、She is known ______________ (work) on the problem for many years.(5)不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。
●他要求被派往农村工作。
He asked ________________(send) to work in the countryside.●对他来说，被老师责备是一件好事。
It's a good thing for him ________________ (scold) by the teacher.(6)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式即在to前加not.●当我经过的时候她假装没看到我。
She pretended ___________(not see) me when 1 passed by.2.用法不定式可以作主语、作宾语(往往用 _________ 作形式主语),或宾语补足语、作定语、作状语、作表语等。
（请完成下面的例句，并注明是什么成分。
）●当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It's necessary for you ____________ (lock)the car when you do not use it. (作________) ●他设法从火灾中逃了出来。
He managed ___________ (escape) from the fire. ( 作__________)●我发现这个问题不用电脑也是可以解决的。
I found it possible ___________ (work) out the problem without a computer. (作_______)●我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
We consider Tom __________(be) one of the best students in our class. (作_______) ●未来几周，我们还将参加更多的会议。
We will have more meetings to attend in the few weeks _________ (come). (作________) ●当他到达车站时，发现列车已经开走了。
He got to the station only __________ (find) the train had gone. ( 作________)●我们的计划是给农民子弟再建一所中学。
Our plan is _______(set) up another middle school for the peasants' children. (作______)3.常见的省略to的动词不定式(1)would rather/had better后加不带to的不定式。
●如果你不介意的话，他宁愿今晚出去。
He would rather _________( go ) out tonight if you don't mind.●我们最好还是买贵些的，因为它更经久耐用。
We had better _________( buy ) the more expensive one because it will last much longer.(2)在感官动词(see,________,_________,__________,_________,________等)和使役动词(let,_________,_________等)后通常省略to。
但转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。
●老板让Jack一天工作十二小时。
The boss made Jack __________( work) twelve hours a day. ( 主动 )Jack was made __________ ( work) twelve hours a day. ( 被动 )二、动名词三、(1)动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作。
●粗心不是一个好习惯。
____________( be) careless is not a good habit.[注意]动名词在某些动词(如remember,forget,regret,deny后作宾语，尽管动作发生在这些谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常仍用一般式代替完成式。
●I regret not coming/having come earlier，(我后悔没有来早点。
)(2)动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
●他承认拿了那笔钱。
He admitted ___________ (take) the money.(3)动名词的被动式●在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
I don't like ____________ (laugh) at in public.●我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
I am very pleased at your ___________ (honour) with a medal.●由于没有车，她感到四处游玩不方便。
___________ (not have) a car, she finds it inconvenient to get around.●因为我什么也没做，他对我很生气。
He was angry with me for ___________ (not do) anything,(5)动名词复合结构：由"逻辑主语+动名词"构成。
●我怕夜里帐篷倒塌了。
I was afraid of the tent ________(fall) down during the night.●你还记得约翰和他的父亲去年圣诞节寄给我们一张卡吗?Do you remember John and his father _________(send) us a card last Christmas?●汤姆/他的晚归使他妈妈担心。
Tom's/His ________ (go) back home late worries Ms mother.2.用法动名词可以作主语、作宾语(可用it作形式主语)，还可以作表语、作定语等。
（请完成下面的例句，并注明是什么成分。
）●上下班高峰期挤上这拥挤的公交车真难。
It was hard___________ (get) on the crowded bus in the rush hour. ( 作_________) ●每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
Mark often attempts to escape __________(fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.(作________)●你的任务就是擦窗户。
Your task is __________(clean) the windows. (作_________)●城市里有很多游泳池。
There are a lot of _____________(swim) pools in the city. ( 作________)【注意1】need,want,require 作"需要"讲时，其后面的动名词的主动式表示被动意义；be worth doing也有类似用法。
The flowers need _______________ .(这花需要浇水)The problem is worth ____________.（这个问题值得讨论。
)【注意2】动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质，可改写成一个for引导的短语，两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
a washing machine=a machine for washinga swimming pool=a pool for swimming三、分词(1)现在分词①现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
●刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
_________( arrive) there,they found the boy dead.●秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备发言稿。
The secretary worked late into the night, _________(prepare) a long speech for the president.②现在分词的完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。
做完作业，他出去散步。
________(finish ) his homework, he went out for a walk.= After he _____________ his homework, he went out for a walk.③现在分词的被动式强调被动的动作在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
现在分词的完成被动式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
●现在正讨论的问题很重要。
The question___________ ( discuss) is very important.●被老板责骂很多次后,他决定离开。