定语从句中介词+关系词
定语从句 知识讲解 “介词+关系代词”的用法
介词+关系词怎么用？介词加关系词分别等于什么？答：一、“介词＋关系代词”的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。
如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。
例如：Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?●使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：(一)选用介词的依据：(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
例如：Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
例如：The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。
例如：The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
例如：I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。
例如：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)(三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句_
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句_介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词常用 which （指物） whom(指人），即介词+which/whom。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which或whom不能省略。
He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of which had t been cleaned for at least a year.他付给那个男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户，这10扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。
In the dark street, there wasn t a single person to whom she couid turn.在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。
定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末 which (指物），that/whom/who (指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the hero that/who/whom/(可省略) we are proud of.这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。
This is the pen that/which/(可省略) I I wrote the letter with.这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。
【温馨提示】①有些动词+介词的固定词组不可把介词置于关系代词前。
这就是我正在找的磁带。
[误]This is the right tape for which I m looking, [正]This is the right tape that I m looking for.②常见的不可拆开的动词词组有：care for 喜欢,关心deal with 处理，对付get through 通过;到达;接通电话hear from/of 收到某人的来信/听说look for/after寻找/照顾send for派人去请see to照管，料理3.复合介词短语+关系代词which 引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
定语从句 介词加关系词
“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句1,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。
（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
2.在定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略。
如：（1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。
定语从句介词加关系代词用法
定语从句介词加关系代词用法在定语从句中，介词加关系代词的用法如下：1.关系代词在介词前：当关系代词作为定语从句的主语时，介词通常放在关系代词的前面。
例如：- The man whom I spoke to is my boss.（我与之交谈的那个人是我的老板。
）- The book that I am looking for is on the table.（我要找的那本书在桌子上。
）2.关系代词在介词后：当关系代词作为定语从句的宾语时，介词通常放在关系代词的后面。
例如：- The house which he lives in is very old.（他住在的那栋房子很旧。
）- The car that she is interested in is not available.（她感兴趣的那辆车不可用。
）需要注意的是，当介词后的关系代词是which时，可以省略介词。
例如：- The city which I was born in is famous for its architecture.（我出生的那座城市以其建筑而闻名。
）- The city I was born in is famous for its architecture.（我出生的那座城市以其建筑而闻名。
）同时，也可以通过适当拓展定语从句来提供更多信息：- The man whom I spoke to yesterday, in the cafe near my office, is my boss.（昨天我在我办公室附近的咖啡馆里与之交谈的那个人是我的老板。
）- The book that I am looking for, which is a bestseller,is on the table.（我正在找的那本畅销书就在桌子上。
）。
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句介词加关系代词引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体。
直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。
如：This is the man to whom I referred.我指的就是这个人。
This is the man whom I referred to.我指的就是这个人。
2.直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。
但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which,whom也可换成that,who，或者省略。
如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.which不能换成that，也不能省略This is a subject which we have talked about a lot.这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
which可以换成that，也可以省略3.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
如：That is the day when[=on which]he was born.那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where[=in which]he lived.那就是他住过的房子。
That is the reason why[=for which]he must apologize.那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4.在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正：There the children had a garden in which to play.很正式正：There the children had a garden in which they could play.较正式正：There the children had a garden to play in.较口语化注：这类“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。
“介词+关系词”结构用法
语法指津Y U F A Z H I J I N在定语从句中，我们经常见到“介词+关系词”结构，它体现了定语从句与前面所修饰的先行词之间的紧密关系。
正确使用“介词+关系词”结构，关键是要确定其中的介词。
归纳起来，有以下几种方法：一、根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。
如：It was in1952and Mandela w as the black law-y er to w hom I went for advice.当时是在1952年，曼德拉是位黑人律师，我到他那里征求意见。
（注意相关搭配go to sb“到某人那里去”）In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上，没有一个她可以向之求助的人。
（注意相关搭配turn to sb for help“向某人求助”）注意，有些固定短语动词如listen to,look at，look after,depend on,look for,take care of，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，如：The boy(whom)my sister is looking after is g etting better.不能说成：The bo y after whom my sister is looking is getting better.二、根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。
如：He w as generous with his time,for w hich I w as grateful.他在时间方面很慷慨，对此我非常感激。
（注意相关搭配be grateful for“对……感激”）He referred me to some reference books w ith w hich I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。
定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法
定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法定语从句是指用来修饰名词或代词的从句，在英语语法中有丰富多样的用法。
其中，当介词与关系代词相结合时，就构成了定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法。
在这种结构中，介词在定语从句中起到特定的作用，而关系代词则在从句中充当连接词。
常用的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that。
介词在定语从句中主要有以下几种情况的用法。
1. 介词+关系代词在从句中作宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前或之后。
例如：- The book which I am looking for is on the table.- The book for which I am looking is on the table.2. 介词+关系代词在从句中作宾语时，如果介词是短语动词的一部分，介词只能放在关系代词之后。
例如：- That is the man whom I am talking about.- That is the man about whom I am talking.3. 介词+关系代词在从句中作定语时，关系代词的选择要根据介词的要求而定。
例如：- The book on which I am working is very challenging.- The house in which she lives is beautiful.4. 当关系代词是物格形式（whom），介词可以前置到关系代词之前。
例如：- The person to whom I gave the book is my friend.- The person whom I gave the book to is my friend.需要注意的是，在口语中，人们往往更倾向于使用介词后置的形式，即将介词放在关系代词后面。
同时，有时候可以使用介词+which来替代介词+关系代词的结构，这种形式更加简洁。
定语从句介词加关系词
The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
2. 介词的位置 ①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom
之前，也可放在动词后。
2.A desert is a great plain _in__w_h_ic_h___ nothing will grow.
3.He was the man _f_ro_m__w_h_o_s_e__room the thief had stolen the bag.
4.This is my pair of glasses, __w_i_th_o_u_t_w_h_i_c_h__I cannot see clearly.
11.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _o_f_w__h_ic_h_ the sailing time was 226 days.
介词加关系代词的基本用法
•The manw__it_h_w__h_o_m__ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
1.名词+介词+关系代词
This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor. =This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous
doctor.
2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词、序数词、 分数和百分数）
定语从句中介词+关系词的用法
介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。
学习这种从句应注意以下几点：1. 用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which（指物）和whom（指人）。
在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循以下四个原则：（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? （pay for）这是你花大价钱买的车吗？I n the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. （turn to sb. for help）在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个人来帮助她。
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. （shake hands with sb. ）刚才你和他握手的那个人是我们的英语老师。
（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. （be sure about）马克思没有把握的两件事是：语法和习惯用法。
The teacher with whom the students in our class are popular is Mr Wang, our English teacher. （be popular with）在我们班，深受学生欢迎的是王老师－－我们的英语老师。
（3）根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
介词加关系代词(定语从句)
Point 2: 介词的选用
考虑三个因素: “一先,二动,三意义” 1. 根据定语从句中先行词的搭配习惯确定
I never forget the days during which I studied hard.
关系副词 where
This is the house in which / where he used to live.
This is the house (which/that ) he used to live in.
I know of a place in which / where we can swim.
I have lots of friends, some/none of w__h_o_m_are friendly.
I have lots of friends, and some of t_h_e_m_are friendly.
I have lots of friends. Some of t_h_e_m_are friendly.
注意
逗号不可以连接两个句子 不定代词/数词/名词+ 介词+which /whom + 从句 She has three sons, all of whom joined the army. She has three sons, two of whom were engineers. I want a room, the window of which faces the south.
She is a girl w__it_h_w_h_o_m__you can share your sorrow and happiness.
定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词
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介词+关系代词型定语从句中介词的选择
介词+关系代词“介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句.关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一．介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree )The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。
（ tell sb. about sb./ sth. )The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success。
那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功.（ be trained for the job )2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands？我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？ ( shake hands with sb. )Last month ， part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods ，from whose effects the people are still suffering。
定语从句 第三讲 介词+关系代词的用法
3.“whose + 名词”引导的定语从句可以用 “of which/ of 3.“whose + 名词”引导的定语从句可以用 “of which/ of whom” 来替代whose。例如： whom” 来替代whose。例如： A huge amount of oil spilled, whose effects are still being felt. = A huge amount of oil spilled, the effects of which are being felt. = A huge amount of oil spilled, of which the effects are being felt.
典题直击
1. The man pulled out a gold watch, _______ were made of D small diamonds.（08陕西） A. the hands of whom C. which the hands of
典题直击
2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction
_____had taken more than three years. （2011江西卷） C
A. for which
C. of which
能力突破
C 1. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ we may return in the near future. （2010上海）
C. all of them
典题直击
C 2. Maria has written two novels, both of ____ have been made into television series. （2012山东）
解读“介词+关系词” 引导定语从句中的介词
“介词+关系词”引导定语从句中的介词（作者独撰）在“介词+ 关系词” 引导定语从句中，关系词主要有which, whom, whose,when，where，它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
应如何确定介词呢？为帮助同学们透彻掌握这一重要的语法现象，本文从八个方面进行了解读，希望对同学们学习这一语法现象有所启发。
一、介词与从句的先行词是习惯搭配当定从的先行词为时间或地点名词（该名词在主句中可充当主语、宾语、补足语、表语或者同位语等）时，应根据定语从句所修饰的名词前习惯搭配的介词来确定关系代词前所选的介词，此时的“介词+ which”代替when/where在从句中做地点或时间状语，该定语从句可以是限制性定从或非限制性定从。
最常见的表示时间的介词有：in, at, on, during, since, by, before, after, until等。
例如：1. This is the house which I lived two years ago.2. Do you remember the day which you joined our club?解析：两题答案分别为in,on;第1小题中先行词house常与in搭配构成介词短语in the house 且在从句中属地点状语，故用in which（=where）引导定语从句，翻译为：这是两年前我住过的房子；第2小题中先行词the day常与on搭配，构成介词短语on the day在从句中属时间状语，故用on which（=when）引导定语从句；译为：你记得你加入俱乐部的那一天吗？二、介词与从句的谓语动词是习惯搭配当定语从句的谓语是动词短语（动词+介词），且先行词在从句中做介词宾语时，该介词可以移到关系代词之前，构成“介词+which /whom”引导的定语从句；但在有些动词短语中，由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密，不能将介词与动词拆开，故不能将介词提到关系代词之前。
介词+关系词的用法
介词+关系词怎么用？介词加关系词分别等于什么？答：一、“介词＋关系代词”的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。
如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。
例如：Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?●使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：(一)选用介词的依据：(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
例如：Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
例如：The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。
例如：The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
例如：I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。
例如：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)(三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。
介词+关系词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom （指人）两种结构。
【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。
【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点3】关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which结构。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只有:Which（指物），whom （指人）。
具体地说，它可以分为5种情况。
其中介词的选择是个难点。
现就各类介词的选择作一总结。
1.介词+which/whom其中，介词的选择主要依据习惯搭配而决定。
即介词与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配、介词与从句中的形容词的搭配、介词与先行词之间的习惯搭配。
:如：The person to whom I spoke just now is my teacher.(speak to…与……谈话)China is a beautiful country,of which we are greatly proud.(be proud of…对……感到自豪)The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look.(on which=on the farm)有时介词的选择要根据所要表达的意思而定。
如：This is the man with whom he talked just now.这就是刚才与他谈话的人。
This is the man about whom he talked just now.这就是刚才他谈论的人。
注：当先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的名词时，该结构可以分别用关系副词when,where和why替换。
如：I’ll never forget the day on which (=when) I first met him.This is the hotel at which (=where) we stayed last year.The reason for which (=why) he was late for the meeting was very clear. ［典型考例］⑴．Is this the house_______ Shakespeare was born? （88全国）A. at whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which解析：答案C. Shakespeare was born in the house.⑵．In the dark street there wasn't a single person_____ she could turn for help.(MET92)A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom解析：答案为 D 。
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“介词+关系词”的用法
1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。
如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
→The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
→Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
→We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today.
Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.
注意：
1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√)
The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
4). 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
如：That”s the reason for which he was late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 Yuan.
介词选择的三大规则：
1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词同介词的搭配。
（V+ pre.）
如：He is the man whom I talked with this morning.
2. 取决于先行词同介词的常规搭配。
四组常考的搭配：1）extent degree （程度）同to 搭配
2）price(具体多少钱时与at; 若指价格方面
与in 搭配) speed rate
同at搭配
3）field area aspect sphere （领域，方面）同in 搭配
例句：The field in which I studied in university is psychology.
4) basis ground foundation （基础）同on 搭配
英语四六级语法：被分隔的定语从句
定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。
一般说来，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种：
①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。
There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.
在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。
乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky 的。
但仔细一想，不对啊，天空怎么能象太阳呢？原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。
②在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。
如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came
to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？
when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace 实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰years。
ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。
③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。
此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后
如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you
German.
明天，新（男）老师将来教你德语。