供应链管理第三次作业答案
供应链管理-第三版-Unit3-习题与答案
Chapter 3Supply Chain Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1. The major drivers of supply chain performance are facilities, inventory,transportation, and information.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities,inventory, transportation, and information.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The two major types of facilities are distribution sites and storagesites.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate5. Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventorypolicies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency andresponsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain even though it has little impact on each of the otherdrivers.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy8. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be more efficient perunit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy9. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or lessefficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10. The high utilization facility will have difficulty responding to demandfluctuations.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11. The high utilization facility will have no more difficulty responding todemand fluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy12. Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology thatuses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of producttogether.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses atraditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate14. The components of inventory decisions include cycle inventory, safetyinventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy15. The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory,safety inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy16. Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictablevariability in demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17. Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictablevariability in demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate18. Companies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods oflow demand and store it for periods of high demand when they will nothave the capacity to produce all that is demanded.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate19. Companies using seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventoryincrease rate of production for periods of high demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy20. A company’s ability to find a balance b etween responsiveness andefficiency that best matches the needs of the customer it is targetingis the key to achieving strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate21. Many obstacles, such as growing product variety and shorter life cycles,have made it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achievestrategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?a. Facilitiesb. Inventoryc. Transportationd. Informatione. All of the above are major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy2. Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?a. Customersb. Facilitiesc. Inventoryd. Transportatione. InformationAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate3. The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled,or fabricated are known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy4. All raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supplychain are known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy5. Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy6. The data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, andcustomers throughout the supply chain is known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy7. The two major types of facilities area. distribution sites and storage sites.b. production sites and distribution sites.c. production sites and storage sites.d. retail sites and distribution sites.e. distribution sites and inventory sites.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would beestablished first?a. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyc. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would beestablished second?a. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyc. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be usedto reach the performance level dictated by the supply chain strategy?a. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyc. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy11. Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?a. Locationb. Capacityc. Operations methodologyd. Warehousing methodologye. All of the above are components of facilities decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate12. Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?a. Warehousing methodologyb. Forecasting methodologyc. Operations methodologyd. Capacitye. LocationAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate13. Which of the following statements concerning decisions regarding locationof facilities is false?a. Deciding where a company will locate its facilities constitutes alarge part of the design of a supply chain.b. A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economiesof scale or decentralize to become more responsive by beingcloser to the customer.c. Companies must also consider a host of issues related to thevarious characteristics of the local area in which the facilitymay be situated.d. All of these statements are true.e. None of these statements are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate14. Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider infacility location decisions?a. quality of workersb. product developmentc. proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd. cost of facilitye. tax effectsAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider infacility location decisions?a. quality of workersb. availability of infrastructurec. proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd. cost of facilitye. All of the above are issues companies need to consider in facilitylocation decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate16. Excess capacitya. allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wideswings in the demands placed on it.b. costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency.c. requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network.d. both a and be. all of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate17. Which of the following is a characteristic of a facility with excesscapacity?a. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacityb. would be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in thedemands placed on itc. would be considered a high utilization facilityd. will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuationse. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. A facility with little excess capacitya. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacity.b. would be considered a high utilization facility.c. will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.d. All of the above are true.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. Which of the following would be a characteristic of a facility with littleexcess capacity?a. allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swingsin the demands placed on itb. costs money and therefore can decrease efficiencyc. requires proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producese. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate20. Which of the following is not a warehousing methodology?a. Warehouse unit storageb. Stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec. Job lot storaged. Cross-dockinge. All of the above are warehousing methodologies.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate21. The warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store allof one type of product together isa. warehouse unit storage.b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c. job lot storage.d. cross-docking.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate22. The warehousing methodology in which all the different types of productsneeded to perform a particular job or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together isa. warehouse unit storage.b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c. job lot storage.d. cross-docking.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. The following warehousing methodology is one in which goods are notactually warehoused in a facility. Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a facility. There the inventory is broken into smaller lots and quickly loaded onto store-bound trucks that carry a variety of products, some from each of thesupplier trucks.a. warehouse unit storageb. stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec. job lot storaged. cross-dockinge. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate24. All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. All of the above are components of inventory decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy25. All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta. capacity.b. cycle inventory.c. safety inventory.d. seasonal inventory.e. sourcing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy26. The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt ofsupplier shipments is referred to asa. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27. The inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demandis calleda. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate28. The inventory held in case demand exceeds expectation in order to counteruncertainty is calleda. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate29. The set of business processes required to purchase goods and services isknown asa. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30. Cycle inventory decisions involvea. how much to order for replenishment.b. how often to place orders.c. a basic trade-off between the cost of holding larger lots ofinventory and the cost of ordering product frequently.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. Cycle inventory is used becausea. the world is perfectly predictable.b. demand is uncertain and may exceed expectations.c. it involves making a trade-off between the costs of having toomuch inventory and the costs of losing sales due to not havingenough inventory.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate32. Seasonal inventory should be used whena. a company can rapidly change the rate of its production system ata very low cost.b. changing the rate of production is expensive (e.g., when workersmust be hired or fired).c. adjusting to a period of low demand without incurring large costs.d. the world is perfectly predictable.e. production rate is flexible.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33. Sourcing involvesa. deciding the tasks that will be outsourced and those that will beper-formed within the firm.b. deciding whether to source from a single supplier or a portfolioof suppliers.c. identifying the set of criterion that will be used to selectsuppliers and measure their performance.d. selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy34. Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions whendesigning and operating a supply chain?a. Mode of transportationb. Route and network selectionc. In-house or outsourced. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate35. Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions whendesigning and operating a supply chain?a. Software selectionb. Mode of transportationc. Source selectiond. Warehouse selectione. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy36. Which of the following are key components of information that must beanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chain?a. Push versus pullb. Coordination and information sharingc. Forecasting and aggregate planningd. Pricing and revenue managemente. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate37. Which of the following are key components of information that must beanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chain?a. Software selectionb. Source selectionc. Warehouse selectiond. Forecasting and aggregate planninge. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38. When all the different stages of a supply chain work toward the objectiveof maximizing total supply chain profitability, rather than each stagedevoting itself to its own profitability without considering total supply chain profit, it is known asa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy39. The art and science of making projections about what future demand andconditions will be isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy40. Transforming forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projecteddemand is known asa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41. The process by which a firm decides how much to charge customers for itsgoods and services isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy42. The use of differential pricing over time or customer segments to maximizeprofits from a limited set of supply chain assets isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate43. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze informationin the supply chain?a. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)b. Internetc. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)d. Supply Chain Management (SCM) softwaree. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy44. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze informationin the supply chain?a. Internetb. Enterprise Data Planning (EDP)c. Electronic Resource Interchange (ERI)d. Chain Management (CM) softwaree. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45. Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fit?a. Increasing variety of productsb. Decreasing product lifecyclesc. Increasingly demanding customersd. Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy46. Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fit?a. Difficulty executing new strategiesb. Globalizationc. Increasingly demanding customersd. Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate47. Which of the following is not an obstacle to achieving strategic fit?a. Increasing variety of productsb. Decreasing product lifecyclesc. Increasingly demanding customersd. Consolidation of supply chain ownershipe. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. List and define the four major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilities are the places in the supply chain network whereproduct is stored, assembled, or fabricated. The two major types offacilities are production sites and storage sites.Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goodswithin a supply chain. Inventory is an important supply chain driverbecause changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness.Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in thesupply chain. Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes and routes.Information consists of data and analysis concerning facilities,inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain.Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Difficulty: Moderate2. Explain the supply chain decision-making framework and the role of thefour major drivers.Answer: The goal of a supply chain strategy is to strike the balancebetween responsiveness and efficiency, resulting in a strategic fit with the competitive strategy. To reach this goal, a company uses the foursupply chain drivers discussed earlier. For each of the individualdrivers, supply chain managers must make a trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness. The combined impact of these four drivers thendetermines the responsiveness and efficiency of the entire supply chain.Most companies begin with a competitive strategy and then decide whattheir supply chain strategy ought to be. The supply chain strategydetermines how the supply chain should perform with respect toefficiency and responsiveness. The supply chain must then use the supply chain drivers to reach the performance level the supply chain strategydictates.Difficulty: Moderate3. Explain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency foreach of the major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: The fundamental trade-off when making facilities decisions isbetween the cost of the number, location, and type of facilities(efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilitiesprovide the company’s customers.The fundamental trade-off when making inventory decisions is betweenresponsiveness and efficiency. Increasing inventory will generally make the supply chain more responsive to the customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore,a supply chain manager can use inventory as one of the drivers forreaching the level of responsiveness and efficiency the competitivestrategy targets.The fundamental trade-off for transportation is between the cost oftransporting a given product (efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported (responsiveness). The transportation choiceinfluences other drivers such as inventory and facilities. When supplychain managers think about making transportation decisions, they framethe decision in terms of this trade-off.Good information systems can help a firm improve both its responsiveness and efficiency. The information driver is used to improve theperformance of other drivers and the use of information is based on the strategic position the other drivers support. Accurate information canhelp a firm improve efficiency by decreasing inventory andtransportation costs. Accurate information can improve responsiveness by helping a supply chain better match supply and demand.Difficulty: Moderate4. Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chainperformance.Answer: Facilities are the where of the supply chain if we think ofinventory as what is being passed along the supply chain andtransportation as how it is passed along. They are the locations to orfrom which the inventory is transported. Within a facility, inventory is either processed or transformed into another state (manufacturing) or it is stored before being shipped to the next stage (warehousing).Inventory exists in the supply chain because of a mismatch betweensupply and demand. An important role that inventory plays in the supplychain is to increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied byhaving product ready and available when the customer wants it. Anothersignificant role inventory plays is to reduce cost by exploiting anyeconomies of scale that may exist during both production anddistribution. Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain from rawmaterials to work in process to finished goods that suppliers,manufacturers, distributors, and retailers hold.Inventory is a major source of cost in a supply chain and it has a hugeimpact on responsiveness. The location and quantity of inventory canmove the supply chain from one end of the responsiveness spectrum to the other.Inventory also has a significant impact on the material flow time in asupply chain. Material flow time is the time that elapses between thepoint at which Another important area where inventory has a significantimpact is throughput.Inventory and flow time are synonymous in a supply chain. Managersshould use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed withoutincreasing cost or reducing responsiveness, because reduced flow timecan be a significant advantage in a supply chain.Transportation moves product between different stages in a supply chain.Like the other supply chain drivers, transportation has a large impacton both responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation, whether in the form of different modes of transportation or different amounts being transported, allows a supply chain to be more responsive but reduces its efficiency. The type of transportation a company uses also affects theinventory and facility locations in the supply chain.Information could be overlooked as a major supply chain driver becauseit does not have a physical presence. Information, however, deeplyaffects every part of the supply chain. Its impact is easy tounderestimate as information affects a supply chain in many differentways. Information serves as the connection between the supply chain’svarious stages, allowing them to coordinate and bring about many of thebenefits of maximizing total supply chain profitability. Information is also crucial to the daily operations of each stage in a supply chain. For instance, a production scheduling system uses information on demand to create a schedule that allows a factory to produce the right products in an efficient manner. A warehouse management system uses information to create visibility of the warehouse’s inventory. The company can then use this information to determine whether new orders can be filled.Difficulty: Hard5. Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chainperformance in the competitive strategy.Answer: Facilities and their corresponding capacities to perform theirfunctions are a key driver of supply chain performance in terms ofresponsiveness and efficiency. For example, companies can gain economies of scale when a product is manufactured or stored in only one location;this centralization increases efficiency. The cost reduction, however,comes at the expense of responsiveness, as many of a company’scustomers may be located far from the production facility. The oppositeis also true. Locating facilities close to customers increases thenumber of facilities needed and consequently reduces efficiency. If thecustomer demands and is willing to pay for the responsiveness thathaving numerous facilities adds, however, then this facilities decisionhelps meet the company’s competitive strategy goals.Inventory plays a significant role in a supply chain’s ability tosupport a firm’s competitive strategy. If a firm’s competitivestrategy requires a very high level of responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness by locating large amounts ofinventory close to the customer. Conversely, a company can also useinventory to make itself more efficient by reducing inventory throughcentralized stocking. The latter strategy would support a competitivestrategy of being a low-cost producer. The trade-off implicit in theinventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from moreinventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory.The role of transportation in a company’s competitive strategy figuresprominently when the company is considering the target customer’s needs.If a firm’s competitive strategy targets a customer that demands a very high level of responsiveness, and that customer is willing to pay forthis responsiveness, then a firm can use transportation as one driverfor making the supply chain more responsive. The opposite is true aswell. If a company’s competitive strategy targets customers whose maindecision criterion is price, then the company can use transportation tolower the cost of the product at the expense of responsiveness. As acompany may use both inventory and transportation to increaseresponsiveness or efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means finding the right balance between the two.。
2020年中国石油大学北京网络学院 供应链管理-第三次在线作业 参考答案
中国石油大学北京网络学院
供应链管理-第三次在线作业
参考答案
1.（
2.5分）以下不属于企业内供应链管理信息系统结构的是
A、电子数据处理层
B、商业应用层
C、智能型产品存储层
D、供应链管理作业层
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
2.（2.5分）信息技术对供应链管理中物流的影响不包括
A、物流系统的畅通性
B、实现物流各环节的动态管理
C、提供良好的技术支持
D、积累、保存企业内外部知识
我的答案：D 此题得分：2.5分
3.（2.5分）以下不属于供应链管理中应当共享的信息的是
A、营销信息
B、库存信息
C、流程信息
D、物流信息。
供应链管理自测练习三
第三章供应链的合作伙伴选择一、重点名词1.供应链合作伙伴关系2.合作伙伴综合评价的指标体系3.核心企业二、单项选择题1.传统的采购商和供应商通常被视做（）关系，双方之间是零和博弈。
A.合作B.对抗C.对立D.敌对2.供应链（）关系是指在供应链内部两个或两个以上独立的成员之间形成的一种协调关系。
A.合作B.竞争C.对立D.对抗3.供应商与制造商的交换不仅仅是物质上的交换，还包括一系列可见和不可见的（）。
A.产品B.材料C.资源D.服务4.建立供应商与制造商之间的战略合作关系对（）带来利益。
A.供应商B.制造商C.各方D.一方5.评价指标体系的大小必须适宜，这是选择合作伙伴前设置评价指标体系的（）原则。
A.系统全面性B.简明科学性C.稳定可比性D.灵活可操作性6.评价指标的设置应考虑到易与国内其他指标体系相比较。
这是选择合作伙伴前设置评价指标体系的（）原则。
A.系统全面性B.简明科学性C.稳定可比性D.灵活可操作性7.对于长期需求而言，合作伙伴要求能保持较高的竞争力和增值率，因此最好选择（）。
A.战略性合作伙伴关系B.普通合作伙伴C.竞争性合作伙伴D.技术性合作伙伴8.对于短期或某一短暂市场需求而言，只需要选择（）满足需求即可。
A.战略性合作伙伴关系B.普通合作伙伴C.竞争性合作伙伴D.技术性合作伙伴9.（）常用于选择企业非主要原材料的合作伙伴。
A.直观判断法B.招标法C.协商选择法D.成本分析法10.（）适合订购数量大、合作伙伴竞争激烈时的情况。
A.直观判断法B.招标法C.协商选择法D.成本分析法11.早期的伙伴选择研究主要局限于（）选择。
A.供应商B.制造商C.分销商D.零售商12.（）伙伴选择是指核心企业将自己的若干非核心能力业务外包，由更加擅长的企业完成。
A.纵向B.横向C.侧向D.外向13.（）伙伴选择主要是面向上下游企业关系的伙伴选择。
A.纵向B.横向C.侧向D.外向14.供应链是围绕（）建立起来的。
供应链管理形成性考核册答案
《供应链管理》形成性考核册答案第一次作业一、名词解释1．答：是一种系统化的指导与控制方法，它把企业中的人、财、物和信息等资源，高质量、低成本、快速及时地转换为市场所需要的产品和服务。
2.供应链设计是企业规模的设计，是从企业整体的角度勾画企业蓝图，是扩展的企业模型。
3.供应链合作伙伴关系一般是指在供应链内部两个或两个以上独立的成员之间形成的一种协调关系，以保证实现某个特定的目标或效益，也就是供应商-制造商关系，或者称为卖主/供应商-买主关系、供应商关系，供应链合作关系可以定义为供应商与制造商之间，在一定时期内的共享信息、共担风险、共同获利的协议关系。
二、CACDDABAAC三、1.ABC 2.ABCD 3.BC 4.BCE 5.ABCD 6.ABCD 7.AB 8.AB 9.ABCDE 10.ABCD四、√XX√√X√√√√五、问答题1．答：供应链的特征为（1）管理目标呈现多元化特征和超常的性质；（2）管理视域极大拓宽；（3）管理要素更加多样，包容度大大增加（4）管理系统的复杂度增加，系统边界日益模糊。
2．答：（1）功能型产品和创新型产品的各自特点。
不同的产品类型对供应链设计有不同的需求，如果根据产品的客户需求模式分类，可以分为两类：功能型产品和创新型产品。
功能型产品的特点：①能满足基本需要，因而需求稳定且可以预测，从而使供求可以达到近乎完整的平衡，这使市场调节变得很容易。
但是稳定性会引起竞争，进而导致利润率较低；②生命周期长；③生产这种产品的公司可以集中几乎全部的精力去使物质成本最小化。
在大部分功能型产品的价格弹性给定的情况下，最小化物质成本是一个极重要的目标。
在这一过程中，整个供应链中的供应商、制造商和零售商要协调他们的活动以便能以最低的成本满足预测的需求。
功能型产品更加重视物质功能。
创新型产品的特点：①创新型产品需求不可预测。
创新型产品能使公司获得更高的利润，但是创新型产品的新颖却使需求不可预测。
石大远程奥鹏-供应链管理-第三次在线作业正确答案
中国石油大学（北京）
石大远程
供应链管理-第三次在线作业
参考答案
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供应链管理-第三次在线作业
1. 以下不属于企业内供应链管理信息系统结构的是
A、电子数据处理层
B、商业应用层
C、智能型产品存储层
D、供应链管理作业层
正确答案：C
2. 信息技术对供应链管理中物流的影响不包括
A、物流系统的畅通性
B、实现物流各环节的动态管理
C、提供良好的技术支持
D、积累、保存企业内外部知识
正确答案：D
3. 以下不属于供应链管理中应当共享的信息的是
A、营销信息
B、库存信息
C、流程信息
D、物流信息。
供应链3测试题及答案2
供应链3测试题及答案2第一篇：供应链3测试题及答案2一、选择题（每题1分，共15题）单选部分：1、供应链的目标是（）。
A、各个供应链环节成本最低B、各个供应链环节价值最大化C、整体成本最低D、整体价值最大化2、以下关于供应链管理的叙述中不正确的是（）。
A、供应链管理是制造商与它的供应商，分销及用户协同合作，为顾客所希望并愿意为之付出的市场，提供一个共同的产品和服务。
B、供应链管理是计划、组织和控制从最初原材料到最终产品及其消费的整个业务流程，这些流程连接了从供应商到顾客的所有企业。
C、供应链管理更着重于从原材料供应到最终用户所有关键业务流程的集成，因此许多非后D、勤管理的流程也必须集成到供应链管理中来。
供应链管理的理论源于产品的分销和运输管理，因此供应链管理就是后勤管理。
3、牛鞭效应是指需求信息在供应链上由下游向上（）A、不规则波动B、逐级减小C、逐级放大D、先放大后缩小4、优先型供应商意味着交易对（）A、对企业重要B、对供应商重要C、对双方均不重要D、对双方均重要5、通过物流理论的研究，物流概念产生的原因是（）。
A、经济原因和管理原因B、企业原因和军事原因C、经济原因和军事原因D、理论原因和企业原因6、商流与物流的关系（）。
A、相互独立，毫无关系B、关系密切，相辅相成C、物流是商流的先导D、商物不分离7、库存管理就是对库存物资的管理，主要包括库存业务的管理、库存成本管理和库存控制管理，其中，库存管理的核心是（）。
A、库存业务管理B、库存成本管理C、库存控制管理D、库存信息管理8、下列说法中，错误的是（）。
A、在供应链中，即任意两个节点企业之间都是供应与需求关系。
B、供应链管理是从最终客户到原始供应商的关键业务流程的集成。
C、企业生产与服务系统的设施空间布置规划和设计是企业物流合理化的前提。
D、“牛鞭效应”是指沿供应链向下游移动，需求变化程度不断增大现象。
9、（）是企业生产活动的中心环节。
E、企业内部物流F、企业采购物流G、企业销售物流H、企业退货物流10、供应链管理是对（）进行设计、规划、控制，提高各成员的效率和效益。
电大国开第三次作业(供应链管理)
第三次作业（第7-9章）一、名词解释1．安全库存安全库存：它是指当不确定因素已导致更高的预期需求或导致完成周期更长时的缓冲存货,安全库存用于满足提前期需求。
在给定安全库存的条件下,平均存货可用订货批量的一半和安全库存来描述。
2．条形码条形码:条形码是由一组宽度不同反射率不同的条和空按规定的编码规则组合起来的用以表示一组数据和符号，条形码技术是研究如何把计算机所需要的数据用一种条形码来表示，以及如何将条形码表示的数据转变为计算机可以自动采集的数据3. 供应商关系管理供应商关系管理：是一种致力于实现与供应商建立和维持长久、紧密伙伴关系的管理思想和软件技术的解决方案，目标是通过与供应商建立长期、紧密的业务关系，并通过对双方资源和竞争优势的整合来共同开拓市场，扩大市场需求和份额，降低产品前期的高额成本，实现双赢的企业管理模式。
4. 客户价值客户价值是客户从某种产品或服务中所能获得的总利益与在购买和拥有时所付出的总代价的比较，即顾客从企业为其提供的产品和服务中所得到的满足。
二、单项选择题答案填在下表中：1.当需求量或（ C ）存在不确定性的时候,须使用合适的安全库存来缓冲或补偿不确定因素。
A.订货完成周期B.平均完成周期C.存货补给周期D.完成周期2.（ A ）是指实际储存在特定配送设施中的存货数量。
A.现有存货B.中转存货C.再订货点D.周期存货3.周期存货是在订货过程中必须持有的平均存货，它可以用订货批量的（ B ）来描述。
A.一倍B.一半C.两倍D.三倍4.全球定位系统是美国从20世纪（C ）年代开始研制的。
A.50B.60C.70D.805.条形码是一组宽度不同、反射率不同的条和（ D ）按规定的编码规则组合起来的，用以表示一组数据和符号。
A.码B.条C.字D.空6.在i2的供应链管理系统中，（C ）处于供应链管理的核心地位。
A.客户B. 运输C.计划D.销售7.（ A）是购买产品或服务的个体。
A.客户B.用户C.供应商D.分销商8.在供应链环境下，个体的客户和组织的客户都统称为（D ）。
国家开放大学最新《供应链管理》形考任务(1-3)试题及答案
国家开放大学最新《供应链管理》形考任务（1-3）试题及答案形考任务一试题1满分5.00试题正文【多选题】供应链是一个网络系统，由（）组成。
A.用户的用户B.供应商的供应商C.供应商D.用户正确答案是：供应商, 供应商的供应商, 用户, 用户的用户试题2满分3.00试题正文【单选题】运输成本是影响供应链总成本的重要因素之一，（）和经济运输批量决定着运输成本的大小。
选择一项：A.发货人B.交货频率C.以上都对D.交货人正确答案是：交货频率试题3满分3.00试题正文【判断题】产品的最初来源是自然界。
经过供应商、制造商和分销商三级传递，最终去向是供应商。
选择一项：对错正确答案是“错”。
试题4满分3.00试题正文【判断题】信息在供应链中只能向下流动，不能向上流动。
选择一项：对错正确答案是“错”。
试题5满分3.00试题正文【单选题】一个企业应尽可能考虑（）供应商或分销商，这样有利于从整体上了解供应链的运行状态。
选择一项：A.一级B.二级C.多级D.三级正确答案是：多级试题6满分3.00试题正文【单选题】供应链管理必须以（）为中心，使整个供应链成为一个具有高度竞争力的、能为消费者提供最大价值的源泉。
选择一项：A.用户B.客户C.供应商D.顾客正确答案是：客户试题7满分3.00试题正文【单选题】快速反应（QR）是零售商及其（）密切合作的策略。
选择一项：A.制造商B.用户C.分销商D.供应商正确答案是：供应商试题8满分3.00试题正文【单选题】（）年，我国发布了《物流术语》国家标准GB/T8354。
选择一项：A.2001B.2000C.2002D.2004正确答案是：2001试题9满分3.00试题正文【判断题】供应链的节点企业可能分布在本国的不同地方，也可能分布在世界各地。
选择一项：对错正确答案是“对”。
试题10满分5.00试题正文【多选题】以下属于合作伙伴关系优点的有（）。
A.增加用户满意程度B.缩短产品上市时间C.提高信息共享程度D.降低生产成本正确答案是：缩短产品上市时间, 降低生产成本, 提高信息共享程度, 增加用户满意程度试题11满分3.00试题正文【单选题】（）适合订购数量大、合作伙伴竞争激烈的情况。
供应链管理课后习题答案
供应链管理课后习题答案第一章1.纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。
横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成，公司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。
比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。
答：纵向一体化企业旨在使公司各业务成分之间的互动更紧密，而且经常集中地管理它们。
这样的结构，可以更容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。
在横向一体化公司，协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。
事实上，如果横向一体化中的每个企业都专注于它的核心功能，并以最佳状态运行，就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。
2.考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。
为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么？大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点是什么？答：少数位于市中心的仓库，允许公司利用风险分担，以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。
不过，对外运输成本通常较高，交货间隔期较长。
另一方面，企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库，以减少对外运输成本和交货间隔期。
然而，这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加，并且可能增加对内运输费用。
3.考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。
使用卡车承运商的优点是什么？使用诸如UPS这样的包裹速递公司的优点是什么？答：企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小，库存和交付的策略，和对灵活性的需求：1.如果是大量而稳定的运送大件物品或小件物品从仓库到需求点（店），货车运输会更好。
一个很好的例子就是仓库到超市之间的杂货送货。
要注意，在本例中，我们希望的是卡车满载时货物达到卡车装载量。
2.如果由制造商/仓库直接递送顾客的是相对低成本的项目，那么用快递公司更合适。
此外，快递公司可以根据客户的个人需要灵活的提供不同的运输方式。
4.企业库存水平较高有什么优点？有什么缺点？库存水平低有什么优点和缺点？答：1.高库存水平i. 优点:订单满足率(服务水平)高和订单执行快速。
商学院《供应链管理》三答案
商学院《供应链管理》三答案一、什么是供应链管理？供应链是指由原材料供应商、生产商、分销商和最终用户等环节组成的一系列经济活动的集合体。
而供应链管理则是对这一系列环节进行有效协调和管理，以实现整个供应链的高效运作和优化。
供应链管理的目标是通过降低成本、提高效率和增强竞争力，实现供应链中各个环节的协同作用与优化。
它涉及到供应商选择与管理、物流与仓储管理、生产计划与控制、销售与市场管理等众多方面。
二、为什么供应链管理对企业重要？供应链管理对企业来说至关重要，它直接关系到企业的竞争力和盈利能力。
以下是供应链管理对企业重要的几个方面：1.降低成本：供应链管理可以通过优化各环节的流程和协调各方面资源，有效降低企业的运营成本。
通过合理的供应商选择和物流管理，企业可以获得更优惠的采购价格和运输成本。
2.提高效率：供应链管理可以优化供应链中的流程和环节，降低运营周期和库存周转时间，提高生产效率和产品供应能力。
通过精确的生产计划和仓储管理，减少生产和库存中的浪费，实现整体供应链的高效运作。
3.增强竞争力：优秀的供应链管理可以帮助企业更好地理解市场需求和客户需求，及时调整供应链策略，提供有竞争力的产品和服务，从而增强企业的市场竞争力。
通过优化供应链，企业可以更快速地响应市场变化和客户需求，实现市场占有率的增长。
4.增加客户满意度：供应链管理可以帮助企业提高产品质量和交付准时性，从而提升客户满意度。
通过提供可靠的供应链，及时满足客户需求，企业可以建立良好的客户关系，增加客户忠诚度和口碑传播。
三、供应链管理的挑战和应对策略尽管供应链管理对企业非常重要，但实施过程中也面临着一些挑战。
以下是供应链管理的挑战和应对策略：1.信息不对称：供应链中不同环节之间的信息共享不足，导致信息不对称，影响供应链的高效运作。
解决这一问题的策略是建立信息共享平台，加强各环节之间的沟通和协作，实现信息的及时共享和传递。
2.风险管理：供应链中存在着各种风险，如供应商倒闭、自然灾害等，这些风险可能对供应链的稳定性和连续性造成影响。
供应链管理第三版Unit3习题与答案上课讲义
Chapter 3Supply Cha in Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1.The major drivers of supply chain performance are facilities, inventory,transportation, and information. An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2.The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities, inventory, transportation, andinformation.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3.The two major types of facilities are producti on sites and storage sites. An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4.The two major types of facilities are distributi on sites and storage sites.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate5.Inven tory is an importa nt supply cha in driver because cha nging inven tory policiescan dramatically alter the supply chain ' s efficiency and responsiveness.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6.In formati on is pote ntially the biggest driver of performa nce in the supply cha in as it directly affectseach of the other drivers.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7.In formati on is pote ntially the biggest driver of performa nce in the supply cha in even though it has littleimpact on each of the other drivers.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Easy8. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces than onewith a lot of unused capacity.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy9. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or less efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacity.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10.The high utilization facility will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.Answer: True Difficulty: Easy11.The high utilization facility will have no more difficulty responding to demandfluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy12.Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology that uses atraditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 13.Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditionalwarehouse to store all of one type of product together. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate14.The components of inventory decisions include cycle inventory, safety inventory,seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: True Difficulty: Easy15.The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory, safetyinventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy16.Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability indemand. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy17.Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability indemand. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderatepanies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods of lowdemand and store it for periods of high demand when they will not have the capacity to produce all that is demanded.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderatepanies using seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventory increase rateof production for periods of high demand.Answer: False Difficulty: Easy20. A company' s ability to find a balanee b etween responsiveness and efficiency that best matches theneeds of the customer it is targeting is the key to achieving strategic fit.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate21.Many obstacles, such as grow ing product variety and shorter life cycles, have made it increasingly difficultfor supply chains to achieve strategic fit.An swer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1.Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performanee?a.Facilitiesb.Inven toryc.Tran sportati ond.In formati one.All of the above are major drivers of supply cha in performa nee. An swer: eDifficulty: Easy2.Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performanee?a. Customersb. Facilitiesc. Inven toryd. Tran sportatie. In formati onAn swer: aDifficulty: Moderate3.The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled, or fabricated are known asa. facilities.b. inven tory.c. tran sportatiod. in formatio n.e. customers.An swer: aDifficulty: Easy4.All raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain are known asa.facilities.b.inven tory.c.tran sportati on.rmation.e.customers. Answer: b Difficulty: Easy5.Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy6.The data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supplychain is known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy7.The two major types of facilities area.distribution sites and storage sites.b.production sites and distribution sites.c.production sites and storage sites.d.retail sites and distribution sites.e.distribution sites and inventory sites.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be established first?a. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyc. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate9.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would beestablished second?a. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyc. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be used to reach the performancelevel dictated by the supply chain strategy?a.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetitive strategye.Replenishment strategyAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy11.Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?a.Locationb.Capacityc.Operations methodologyd.Warehousing methodologye.All of the above are components of facilities decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate12.Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?a. Warehousing methodologyb. Forecasting methodologyc. Operations methodologyd. Capacitye. LocationAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate13.Which of the following statements concerning decisions regarding location of facilities is false?a.Deciding where a company will locate its facilities constitutes a large partof the design of a supply chain.b. A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economies of scaleor decentralize to become more responsive by being closer to the customer.panies must also consider a host of issues related to the variouscharacteristics of the local area in which the facility may be situated.d.All of these statements are true.e.None of these statements are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate14.Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location decisions?a.quality of workersb.product developmentc.proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.cost of facilitye.tax effectsAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15.Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location decisions?a.quality of workersb.availability of infrastructurec.proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.cost of facilitye.All of the above are issues companies need to consider in facility location decisions.Answer: e Difficulty: Moderate16.Excess capacitya.allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in thedemands placed on it.b.costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency.c.requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network.d.both a and be.all of the aboveAnswer: d Difficulty: Moderate17.Which of the following is a characteristic of a facility with excess capacity?a.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces than one with alot of unused capacityb.would be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the demandsplaced on itc.would be considered a high utilization facilityd.will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuationse.none of the aboveAnswer: a Difficulty: Easy18. A facility with little excess capacitya.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces than one with alot of unused capacity.b.would be considered a high utilization facility.c.will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.d.All of the above are true.e.None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19.Which of the following would be a characteristic of a facility with little excess capacity?a.allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the demands placed on itb.costs money and therefore can decrease efficiencyc.requires proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producese.none of the above Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate20.Which of the following is not a warehousing methodology?a.Warehouse unit storageb.Stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec.Job lot storaged.Cross-dockinge.All of the above are warehousing methodologies.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate21.The warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product togetherisa. warehouse unit storage.b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec. job lot storage.d. cross-docking.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate22.The warehousing methodology in which all the different types of products needed to perform a particular jobor satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together isa. warehouse unit storage.b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec. job lot storage.d. cross-docking.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23.The following warehousing methodology is one in which goods are not actually warehoused in a facility.Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a facility. There the inventory is broken into smaller lots and quickly loaded onto store-bound trucks that carry a variety of products, somefrom each of the supplier trucks.a. warehouse unit storageb. stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec. job lot storaged. cross-dockinge. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate24.All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.All of the above are components of inventory decisions.Answer: e Difficulty: Easy25.All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta. capacity.b. cycle inventory.c. safety inventory.d. seasonal inventorye. sourcing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy26.The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt of supplier shipments is referred to asa. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventoryd. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27.The inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand is calleda. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventoryd. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate28.The inventory held in case demand exceeds expectation in order to counteruncertainty is calleda. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventoryd. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate29.The set of business processes required to purchase goods and services is known asa. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventoryd. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30.Cycle inventory decisions involvea.how much to order for replenishment.b.how often to place orders.c. a basic trade-off between the cost of holding larger lots of inventory andthe cost of ordering product frequently.d.all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31.Cycle inventory is used becausea.the world is perfectly predictable.b.demand is uncertain and may exceed expectations.c.it involves making a trade-off between the costs of having too muchinventory and the costs of losing sales due to not having enough inventory.d.it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e.it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate32.Seasonal inventory should be used whena. a company can rapidly change the rate of its production system at a verylow cost.b.changing the rate of production is expensive (e.g., when workers must behired or fired).c.adjusting to a period of low demand without incurring large costs.d.the world is perfectly predictable.e.production rate is flexible.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33.Sourcing involvesa.deciding the tasks that will be outsourced and those that will be performed within the firm.b.deciding whether to source from a single supplier or a portfolio ofsuppliers.c.identifying the set of criterion that will be used to select suppliers andmeasure their performance.d.selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.e.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy34.Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions when designing and operating a supply chain?a. Mode of transportationb. Route and network selectionc. In-house or outsourced. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate35.Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions whendesigning and operating a supply chain?a. Software selectionb. Mode of transportationc. Source selectiond. Warehouse selectione. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy36.Which of the following are key components of information that must be analyzed to increase efficiency andimprove effectiveness in a supply chain?a.Push versus pullb.Coordination and information sharingc.Forecasting and aggregate planningd.Pricing and revenue managemente.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate37.Which of the following are key components of information that must be analyzed to increase efficiency andimprove effectiveness in a supply chain?a. Software selectionb. Source selectionc. Warehouse selectiond. Forecasting and aggregate planninge. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38.When all the different stages of a supply chain work toward the objective of maximizing total supply chainprofitability, rather than each stage devoting itself to its own profitability without considering total supply chain profit, it is known asa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy39.The art and science of making projections about what future demand and conditionswill be isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy40.Transforming forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projected demand is known asa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41.The process by which a firm decides how much to charge customers for its goods and services isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy42.The use of differential pricing over time or customer segments to maximize profits from a limited setof supply chain assets isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate43. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze information in the supply chain?a. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)b. Internetc. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)d. Supply Chain Management (SCM) softwaree. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy44. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze information in the supply chain?a. Internetb. Enterprise Data Planning (EDP)c. Electronic Resource Interchange (ERI)d. Chain Management (CM) softwaree. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45. Which of the follow ing are obstacles to achiev ing strategic fit?a. In creas ing variety of productsb. Decreas ing product lifecyclesc. In creas in gly dema nding customersd. Fragme ntati on of supply cha in own ershipe. all of the aboveAn swer: eDifficulty: EasyWhich of the follow ing are obstacles to achiev ing strategic fit?a. Difficulty execut ing new strategiesb. Globalizati onc. In creas in gly dema nding customersd. Fragme ntati on of supply cha in own ershipe. all of the aboveAn swer: eDifficulty: Moderate47. Which of the following is not an obstacle to achieving strategic fit?a.In creas ing variety of productsb.Decreas ing product lifecyclesc.In creas in gly dema nding customersd.Con solidati on of supply cha in own ershipe.none of the aboveAn swer: dDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1.List and defi ne the four major drivers of supply cha in performa nee.Answer: Facilities are the places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled, orfabricated. The two major types of facilities are product ion sites and storage sites.Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply cha in. Inven tory is an importa nt supply cha in driver because cha nging inven tory policies can dramatically alter the supplychain ' s efficiency and responsiveness. Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in the supply chain.Tran sportati on can take the form of many comb in ati ons of modes and routes.Information consists of data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Difficulty: Moderate2.Explain the supply chain decision-making framework and the role of the fourmajor drivers.Answer: The goal of a supply chain strategy is to strike the balance between responsiveness and efficiency, resulting in a strategic fit with the competitive strategy. To reach this goal, a company uses the foursupply chain drivers discussed earlier. For each of the individual drivers, supply chain managers mustmake a trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness. The combined impact of these four drivers thendetermines the responsiveness and efficiency of the entire supply chain.Most companies begin with a competitive strategy and then decide what their supply chain strategyought to be. The supply chain strategy determines how the supply chain should perform with respect to efficiency and responsiveness. The supply chain must then use the supply chain drivers to reach theperformance level the supply chain strategy dictates.Difficulty: Moderate3.Explain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency for each of themajor drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: The fundamental trade-off when making facilities decisions is between the cost of the number, location, and type of facilities (efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilities provide thecompany' s customers.The fundamental trade-off when making inventory decisions is between responsiveness and efficiency.Increasing inventory will generally make the supply chain more responsive to the customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore, a supply chain manager can use inventory as one of the drivers for reaching the level of responsiveness and efficiency thecompetitive strategy targets.The fundamental trade-off for transportation is between the cost of transporting a given product(efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported (responsiveness). The transportationchoice influences other drivers such as inventory and facilities. When supply chain managers think about making transportation decisions, they frame the decision in terms of this trade-off. Good informationsystems can help a firm improve both its responsiveness and efficiency. The information driver is used to improve the performance of other drivers and the use of information is based on the strategic position the other drivers support. Accurate information can help a firm improve efficiency by decreasinginventory and transportation costs. Accurate information can improve responsiveness by helping a supply chain better match supply and demand. Difficulty: Moderate4.Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilities are the where of the supply chain if we think of inventory as what is being passed along the supply chain and transportation as how it ispassed along. They are the locations to or from which the inventory is transported. Within a facility,inventory is either processed or transformed into another state (manufacturing) or it is stored beforebeing shipped to the next stage (warehousing).Inven tory exists in the supply cha in because of a mismatch betwee n supply and dema nd. An importa nt role that inven tory plays in the supply cha in is to in crease the amount of dema nd that can be satisfied by hav ing product ready and available when the customer wants it. Another significant role inventoryplays is to reduce cost by exploit ing any econo mies of scale that may exist duri ng both product ion and distributi on. Inven tory is spread throughout the supply cha in from raw materials to work in process to fini shed goods that suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers hold.Inven tory is a major source of cost in a supply cha in and it has a huge impact on resp on sive ness. The locati on and qua ntity of inven tory can move the supply cha in from one end of the resp on sive nessspectrum to the other.Inventory also has a significant impact on the material flow time in a supply chain. Material flow time is the time that elapses betwee n the point at which Ano ther importa nt area where inven tory has a significa nt impact is throughput.Inven tory and flow time are synonym ous in a supply cha in. Man agers should use actions that lower the amount of inven tory n eeded without in creas ing cost or reduci ng resp on sive ness, because reduced flow time can be a sig nifica nt adva ntage in a supply cha in.Tran sportati on moves product betwee n differe nt stages in a supply cha in. Likethe other supply cha in drivers, tran sportati on has a large impact on both resp on sive ness and efficie ncy. Faster tran sportati on, whether in the form of differe nt modes of tra nsportati on or differe ntamounts being tra nsported, allows a supply cha in to be more resp on sive but reduces its efficie ncy. The type of transportation a company uses also affects the inventory and facility locations in the supply chai n.In formati on could be overlooked as a major supply cha in driver because it does not have a physicalprese nee. In formati on, however, deeply affects every part of the supply chain. Its impact is easy tounderestimate as information affects a supply chain in many different ways. Information serves as theconnection between the supply chain ' s various stages, allowing them to coordinate and bringabout many of the ben efits of maximizi ng total supply cha in profitability.In formati on is also crucial to the daily operati ons of each stage in a supply cha in. For in sta nee, aproduct ion scheduli ng system uses in formati on on dema nd to create a schedule that allows a factory to produce the right products in an efficie nt manner. A warehouse man ageme nt system uses in formati on to create visibility of the warehouse ' s inventory. The company can then use thisinformation to determine whether new orders can be filled.Difficulty: Hard5.Expla in the role of each of the major drivers of supply cha in performa nee in thecompetitive strategy.Answer: Facilities and their corresponding capacities to perform their functions are a key driver of supply cha in performa nee in terms of resp on sive ness and efficie ncy. For example, compa nies can gain econo mies of scale whe n a product is manu factured or stored in only one locati on; this cen tralizati on increases efficie ncy. The cost reducti on, however, comes at the expe nse of resp on sive ness, as many of a company ' s customers may be located far from the production facility. The opposite is also true. Locati ng facilities close to customers in creases the number of facilities needed and consequently reducesefficiency. If the customer dema nds and is willi ng to pay for the resp on sive ness that hav ing numerous facilities adds, however, then this facilities decision helps meet the company' s competitive strategygoals.Inventory plays a significant role in a supply chain ' s ability to support a firm ' s competitive strategy. If a firm ' s competitive strategy requires a very high loefvel responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness by locating large amounts of inventory close to the customer. Conversely, a company can also use inventory to make itself more efficient by reducing inventory through centralized stocking. The latter strategy would support a competitive strategy of being a low-cost producer. The trade-off implicit in the inventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from more inventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory.The role of transportation in a company ' s competitive strategy figures prominently when the company is considering the target customer ' s needs. If afirm ' s competitive strategy targets a customer that demands a very high level of responsiveness, and that customer is willing to pay for this responsiveness, then a firm can use transportation as one driver for making the supply chain more responsive. The opposite is true as well. If a company ' s competitive strategytargets customers whose main decision criterion is price, then the company can use transportation to lower the cost of the product at the expense of responsiveness. As a company may use both inventory and transportation to increase responsiveness or efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means finding the right balance between the two.Information is a driver whose importance has grown as companies have used it to become both more efficient and more responsive. The tremendous growth of the importance of information technology is a testimony to the impact information can have on improving a company. Like all the other drivers, however, even with information, companies reach a point when they must make the trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness. Difficulty: Hard。
采购与供应链管理习题库03第三章 习题及参考答案
同步测试一、单项选择题1、企业区别于事业单位的主要特点是（）BA、规模更大B、以营利为目的C、有明确的人员分工和组织结构D、有对外交换、合作活动2、公司制企业与其他类型企业的主要区别是（）CA、盈利水平更高B、规模更大C、具有法人资格，享受法人财产权，以公司全部财产对债务承担责任D、经营范围更广泛3、公司治理结构中的最高决策机构是（）CA、董事会B、监事会C、股东会D、经理层4、以下哪个不是监事会的主要职权（）DA、监督检查公司的财务会计活动B、监督检查公司董事会和总经理层执行职务时是否存在违反法律、法规或公司章程的行为C、要求公司董事和高级管理人员纠正其损害公司利益的行为D、监控总经理有没有完成经营计划5、筹集和利用资本是企业的（）职能。
BA、技术B、财务C、会计D、商业E、安全F、管理6、（）职能能够支持企业的价值创造和价值变现。
DA、技术B、财务C、会计D、商业E、安全F、管理7、以下对企业的技术职能描述正确的是（）AA、价值创造的根本B、保护企业创造的财富及创造财富的人C、是管理者了解企业经营情况的有力工具D、解决如何低成本的筹集资本和平衡分配资本以换取最大的产出8、波特的价值链理论认为（）BA、企业的两项基本职能是营销和创新B、企业的任务是创造价值，企业的各项活动构成创造价值的链条C、企业有六项经营活动D、管理有五大职能9、法约尔管理理论的重要贡献之一就是提出了管理五要素（）CA、计划、组织、管理、控制、评价B、计划、授权、管理、控制、改进C、计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制D、筹划、授权、领导、协调、控制10、以下不属于直线制组织结构优点的是（）DA、命令统一，指挥集中B、责任明确、容易追责C、结构简单、容易实施D、促进技能专业化11、直线职能制的缺点是（）BA、双重领导，容易造成冲突B、职能部门的建议需要向上层直线领导请示才能发布，会加重上层领导的工作负担，造成工作效率低下C、多头领导，妨碍统一指挥D、妨碍各项职能的专门化管理12、以下哪个是组织结构职能设计的内容（）BA、进行纵向分工和横向分工B、根据其战略任务设计经营、管理职能C、设计各个部门或岗位之间如何协调配合D、设计各个岗位应该匹配多少人员以及需要的人员素质13、有关供应链管理组织结构的下列描述不正确的是（）BA、供应链管理的组织结构早期表现为物流组织结构B、供应链管理组织结构独立于企业整体组织结构之外C、供应链管理组织结构经历过不同的发展阶段D、随着供应链管理理念和实践的逐渐深入，供应链管理的组织结构开始向着跨职能和跨组织的方向转变14、集群式供应链的各个主体是通过（）进行相互连接的。
《供应链管理实务》课后答案参考
《供应链管理实务》课后答案参考任务一理解供应链【练习与思考】(一)单项选择题1(供应链可分为有效性供应链和反应性供应链，其依据是根据供应链的(D ) 。
A(稳定性 B(复杂性 C(容量与用户需求的关系 D(功能模式2(在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时，企业不能在最优状态下运作，此时的供应链是:( D)。
A(稳定的供应链 B(动态的供应链 C(平衡的供应链 D(倾斜的供应链3(供应链是一个(A )，产品从原材料到成品再到客户手中的全过程实际上是在波特教授所谓的“价值系统”中运行。
A(价值链 B(信息流 C(资金流 D(物流(二)判断题1(推动式供应链的驱动力产生于最终用户，整个供应链的集成度较高，信息交换迅速，可以根据用户的需求实现定制化服务。
(× )2(有效型供应链的基本目标是以最低的成本供应可预测的需求。
(?)3(在供应链中，不可能存在一个厂家同时又是入点和出点的情况。
(? ) 4(功能型产品的供应链设计策略是反应性供应链;创新型产品采用有效型供应链的设计策略。
(×)(三)思考题1(请思考牛奶供应链如何构成的，并描述其不同阶段的特征。
牛奶供应链得形成——以蒙牛为例---奶源问题:公司+农户，大规模饲养降低成本---加工环节:利用利乐包装，产品多样化---配销环节:就近生产就近配送，就远生产就远配送，如何管理分销渠道---销售环节:如何管理零售终端库存，产品过期等问题---营销环节:依靠营销法大势营销法2(当企业制定决策时，为什么要考虑供应链的整体利益,供应链的目标应该是供应链整体价值最大化。
供应链所产生的价值应为最终产品对顾客的价值与满足顾客需求所付出的供应链成本之间的差额。
对大多数商业供应链而言，价值与供应链盈利(亦称供应链剩余)之间是强相关关系。
供应链的盈利产生于来自顾客的收入与供应链总成本之间的差额。
3(总结归纳供应链的目标是什么,供应链的目标应该是供应链整体价值最大化。
供应链管理第三版unit3习题与答案
Chapter 3Supply Chain Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1.The major drivers of supply chain performanee are faci I ities, inventory,transportat ion, and informat ion.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2.The major dr ivers of supply chain performance are customers, faciI ities,inventory, transportation, and information.Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Moderate3.The two major types of faciI ities are production sites and storage sites.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4.The two ma jor types of faciI ities are di str ibut ion sites and storage sites.Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Moderate5.Inventory is an important supply chain dr iver because changing inventorypolicies can dramatically alter the supply chain' s efficiency andresponsiveness・Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatermation is potentially the biggest dr i ver of performance in the supplychain as it directly affects each of the other dr ivers・Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easyrmation is potentially the biggest dr i ver of performance in the supplychain even though it has little impact on each of the other drivers・Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Easy8. A faciIity with little excess capacity will Iikely be more efficient per unit ofproduct it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: True Difficulty: Easy9. A faciIity with little excess capacity will Iikely be no more or less efficientper unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Easy10.The high utiIization facility will have difficuIty responding to demand fluctuations・Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11.The high utiIization faciIity will have no more difficulty responding to demandfluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Easy12.Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology that uses atraditional warehouse to store al I of one type of product together・Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13.Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditionalwarehouse to store al I of one type of product together. Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Moderate14.The components of inventory deci sions i ncIude cycle inventory, safetyinventory, seasons I inventory, and sourcing・Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy15.The components of inventory deci sions inelude capacity, cycle inventory, safetyinventory, seasonaI inventory, and sourcing・Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Easy16.Cycle inventory is inventory that is bui11 up to counter predictable varlabilityin demand.Answer: Fa I seDifficulty: Easy17.Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictablevarlability in demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatepanies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods of lowdemand and store it for per iods of high demand when they will not have thecapacity to produce a I I that is demanded・Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatepanies using seasons I i nventory will ma i nta i n a level inventoryincrease rate of production for per iods of high demand.Answer: Fa IseDifficulty: Easy20. A compa ny‘ s ability to find a balance between responsiveness andefficiency that best matches the needs of the customer it is targetingis the key to achieving strategic fit・ Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate21.Many obstacles, such as growing product var iety and shorter Iife cycles, havemade it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achieve strategic fit・Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1.Which of the fol lowing i s not a major dr iver of supply chain performancea.FaciI itiesb・Inventoryc.Transportationd・Informat ione. All of the above are major drivers of suppIy chain performance. Answer: eDifficulty: Easy2.Which of the fol lowing is not a major dr iver of supply chain performancea. Customersb・ FaciI itiesc.Inventoryd・ Transportatione. InformationAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate3.The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled, or fabri cated are known asa. facilities・b・inventory・c. transportation.d・information.e. customers・Answer: aDifficulty: Easy4.Al I raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain areknown asa. facilities・b・ inventory・c. transportation・d・ informat ion.e. customers・Answer: bDifficulty: Easy5.Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known asa. facilities・b・ inventory・c. transportation・d・ information.e. customers・Answer: cDifficulty: Easy6.The data and analysis concerning faciI ities, inventory, transportation, andcustomers throughout the supply chain is known asa. facilities・b・ inventory・c. transportation・d・ information.e. customers・Answer: dDifficulty: Easy7.The two major types of faciIities area.distribution sites and storage sites・b・production sites and di str ibut ion sites.c. production sites and storage sites・d・ retai I sites and distribution sites.e. distribution sites and inventory sites・ Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8. Which component of the supply cha i n deci si on-making framework would beestab Iished firsta. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyC・Supply chain structured. Compet it ive strategye. Repleni shment strategyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. Which c omponent of the supply chain deci si on-making framework would beestab Iished seconda. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyC・Supply chain structured.e. Compet it ive strategy Replenishment strategyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be usedto reach the performance level dictated by the supply chain strategya.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetit ive strategye.Repleni shment strategyAnswer: cDifficulty: Easythe following is not a component of faci I ities decisionsa. Locationb・Capacityc.Operat ions methodoIogyd.Warehous ing methodoIogy门.Which ofe. Al I of the above are components of faciI ities decisions ・Answer ： eDifficulty: Moderate12. Which a. of the fol lowing is not a component of faci I ities decisions Warehousingmethodologyb ・ C ・Forecasting methodology Operations methodologyd ・e. Capacity Locat i onAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate13. Which of the fol lowing statements concerning decisions regarding location of faciIities is false a.Deciding where a company will locate its faciI ities const itutes a large part of the design of a supply chain. b. C ・A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economies ofscale or decentralize to become more responsive by being closer to thecustomer ・Companies must also consider a host of issues related to the var iouscharacter i st ies of the local area in which the faciIity may besituated ・ d.e.Al I of these statements are true ・ None of these statements are true ・ Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate14. Which of faciIity a. the fol lowing is not an issue companies need to consider inlocation decisionsqua Iity of workers b ・C ・product development proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd ・ e.cost of faciIity tax effects Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the fol lowing is not an issue companies need to consider in faciIityIocat i on deci s i onsa. qua Iity of workersb ・ availability of infrastructurec. proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd ・ cost of faciIitye.All of the above are issues companies need to consider in faciIity locationdecisions・Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate16.Excess capacitya. a I Iows a faciIity to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in thedemands pIaced on it.b・ costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency.c. requi res proximity to customers and the rest of the network・d・both a and be. all of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate17. Which of the fol lowing i s a character i stic of a faciIity with excess capacitya. wiI I Iikely be more efficient per unit of product it produces thanone with a lot of unused capacityb. C would be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the demands placed on itwould be considered a high utiIization faciIityd.e. wiI I have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. A faciIity with little excess capacitya. wiI I Iikely be more efficient per unit of product it produces thanone with a lot of unused capacity.b. C would be considered a high utiIization faciI ity. wiI I have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations・d.e. Al I of the above are true・ None of the above are true・Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. Which of the fol lowing wouId be a character istic of a faciIity with little excess capacitya. a I Iows a faciIity to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings inthe demands placed on itb ・costs money and therefore can decrease efficiencyrequi res prox imity to customers and the rest of the networkd ・wiI I likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate20. Which of the fol lowing is not a warehousing methodologya. Warehouse unit storageb・Stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec.Job lot storaged・Cross-dockinge. Al I of the above are warehousing methodologies・ Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate21 ・ The warehousing methodology that uses a traditions I warehouse to store al I ofone type of product together isa. warehouse unit storage・b・ stock keeping unit (SKU) storage・c. job lot storage・d・ cross-docking・e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate22.The warehousing methodology in which a I I the d i fferent types of products neededto perform a particular job or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together isa. warehouse unit storage・b・ stock keeping unit (SKU) storage・c. job lot storage・d・ cross-docking・e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23.The foI Iowing warehousing methodology is one in which goods are not actuallywarehoused in a faciIity. Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a faciIity・ There the inventory i s broken into smalI er lots and quickly loaded onto store- bound trucks that carry a var iety of products, some from each of the supplier trucks・a. warehouse unit storageb・ stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec.job lot storaged.cross-dockinge.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate24.Al I of the fol lowing are components of inventory decisions excepta.cycle inventory・b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory・d・sourcing・e. All of the aboveare components of inventory decisions・Answer: eDifficulty: Easy25.Al I of the fol lowing are components of inventory decisions excepta. capacity.b・ cycle inventory・c. safety inventory・d・ seasonal inventory.e. sourcing・Answer: aDifficulty: Easy26.The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt of suppliershipments is referred to asa. cycle inventory・b・ safety inventory・c. seasonal inventory.d・ sourcing・e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27.The inventory that is bui11 up to counter predictable var iabiIity in demand iscalleda. cycle inventory・b・ safety inventory・c. seasonal inventory.d・ sourcing・e. none of the above Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate28.The inventory held in case demand exceeds expectation in order to counteruncertainty is calleda. cycle inventory・b・ safety inventory・c. seasonal inventory.d ・ sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate29. The set of business processes required to purchase goods and services is known asa. cycle inventory ・b ・ safety inventory ・c. seasonal inventory ・d ・ sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30. Cycle inventory deci sions involvea. how much to order for replenishment ・b ・ how often to place orders ・c. a basic trade-off between the cost of holding larger lots of inventory andthe cost of ordering product frequent Iy.d ・ al I of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate32. Seasonal inventory shouId be used whena. a company can rapidly change the rate of its production system at a very lowcost ・b ・ changing the rate of production is expensive ・, when workers mustbe hi red or fi red)・c. ad justing to a period of low demand without incurring large costs.d. the worId is perfectly predictable ・e. production rate is flexible ・Answer: a 31. Cycle a. b. inventory is used becausethe worId is perfectly predictable ・ demand is uncertain and may exceed expectations ・ it involves making a trade-off between the costs much i nventory and the costs enough inventory. it focuses on processes it focuses on processesAnswer: b Difficulty: Moderate of losing sales due of having tooto not havingd. that that are are external to internal to the the f i rm. f i rm.Difficulty: Hard33. Sourcing involvesa. dec iding the tasks that wiI I be outsourced and those that wiI I be per-formed within the fi rm.b ・ dec iding whether to source from a single supplier or a portfol io ofsuppliers ・c. identifying the set of cr iter ion that will be used to seIectsuppliers and measure thei r performance ・d ・ selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: EasyAnswer ： eDifficulty: Moderate 34. Which of the fol lowing are key components designing and operating a supply chain Mode oftransportation Route and network selection In-house or outsource al I of the above none of the aboveof transportat ion deci sions when a.d.e.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate35. Which of the fol lowing are key components designing and operating a supply chain Softwareselection Mode of transportation Source selection Warehouse selection none of the above of transportation deci sions when a.d.e.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy36. Which of ana lyzed a. b ・ d . the fol lowing are key components to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply Pushversus pul ICoordinat ion and information shar ingForecasting and aggregate planningPricing and revenue managemental I of the aboveof information that must be chai nthe fol lowing are key components of information that must be37. Which ofanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chain a.Software selectionb・Source selectionc.Warehouse selectiond.Forecasting and aggregate planninge.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38.When a I I the different stages of a supply chain work toward the objective ofmaximizing totaI supply chain profitabiIity, rather than each stage devotingitself to its own profitabi Iity without consider ing totaI supply chain profit, it is known asa. supply chain coordination・b・forecasting・c. aggregate planning.d・revenue management・e. pricing・Answer: aDifficulty: Easy39.The art and science of making projections about what future demand and conditionswill be isa. supply chain coordination.b・ forecasting・c. aggregate planning.d・ revenue management・e. pricing・Answer: bDifficulty: Easy40.Transforming forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projected demand i sknown asa. supply chain coordination.b・ forecasting・c. aggregate planning・d・ revenue management.e. pricing・Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41.The process by which a fi rm decides how much to charge customers for its goodsand services isa. supply chain coordination.b・ forecasting・c. aggregate planning・d・ revenue management・e. pricing・Answer: eDifficulty: Easy42.The use of differential pricing over time or customer segments to maximize profitsfrom a Iimited set of supply chain assets isa. supply chain coordination.b・ forecasting・c. aggregate planning.d・ revenue management・e. pricing・Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate43.Which of the fol lowing are technologies that share and analyze information in thesupply chaina. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)b・Internetc.Enterpr i se Resource Planning (ERP)d.Supply Chain Management (SCM) softwaree・al I of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy44.Which of the fol lowing are technologies that share and analyze information in thesupply chaina.Internetb.Enterpr i se Data Planning (EDP)c.Electronic ResourceInterchange (ERI)d.Cha i n Management (CM) softwaree.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45.Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fita. Increasing var iety of productsb・Decreasing product I ifecyclesc. Increasingly demanding customersd・Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe・all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy46. Which a. of the fol lowing are obstacles to achieving strategic fitDifficulty executing new strategiesb ・ C ・ GlobalizationIncreasingly demanding customersd ・e. Fragmentation of supply chain ownership a I I of the above Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate 47. Which a. of the fol lowing is not an obstacle to achieving strategic fitIncreasing var iety of productsb C ・Decreasing product I ifecycles Increasingly demanding customersd.e. Consolidation of supply chain ownership none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: ModerateEssay/ProbIemsLi st and define the four ma jor dr i vers of suppIy chain performance ・Answer: Faci//ties are the places in the suppIy chain network where product is stored, assembled, or fabricated ・ The two major types of faciI ities areproduction sites and storage sites ・Inventory i s a I I raw mater ials, work in process, and finished goods within a suppIy chain ・ Inventory is an important supply chain dr iver becausechanging inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain* sefficiency and responsiveness ・Transportation entaiIs moving inventory from point to point in the supplychain. Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes androutes ・Information consi sts of data and analysis concerning faciI ities, inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain. Informat ion ispotentially the biggest dr iver of performance in the supply chain as itdirectly affects each of the other drivers ・ Difficu!ty: Moderate2. Explain the supply chain decision-making framework and the role of the four ma jordr i vers ・Answer: The goal of a supply chain strategy is to strike the balance betweenresponsiveness and efficiency, resulting in a strategic fit with thecompetitive strategy. To reach this goal, a company uses the four supply chain drivers discussed ear Iier・ For each of the individual dr ivers, supply chain managers must make a trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness・ Thecombined impact of these four dr ivers then determines the responsiveness andefficiency of the enti re supply chain・ Most companies beg in with acompetitive strategy and then decide what thei r supply chain strategy ought to be. The supply chain strategy determines how the supply chain should performwith respect to efficiency and responsiveness・ The supply chain must then use the supply chain dr ivers to reach the performsnee level the supply chainstrategy dictates・Difficulty: ModerateExplain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency for each of 3.the ma jor dr ivers of suppIy cha in performsnee.Answer: The fundamental trade-off when mak ing faciI ities deci sions i sbetween the cost of the number, location, and type of faciI ities (efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these faciI ities provide the company * s customers・The fundamenta I trade-off when making inventory decisions i s between responsi veness and efficiency. Increas ing inventory wi I I genera Ily make thesupply chain more resp on si ve to the customer ・ This choice, hov/ever, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore, a suppIychain manager can use inventory as one of the dr i vers for reaching the level of responsiveness and efficiency the competitive strategy targets・The fundamenta I trade-off for transportat i on is between the cost oftransporting a given product (efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported (responsiveness)・ The transportation choice influences other dri vers such as inventory and faciI it ies・ When supply chain managers thinkabout making transportation decisions, they frame the deci si on in terms ofthis trade-off・Good information systems can help a fi rm improve both its responsiveness andefficiency. The information dr i ver is used to improve the performance ofother dr i vers and the use of informat ion i s based on the strategic position the other dr ivers support・ Accurate information can he Ip a f i rm improveeff iciency by decreas i ng inventory andtransportation costs・ Accurate information can improve responsiveness byhelping a supply chain better match supply and demand.Difficulty: ModerateExplain the role of each of the major dr ivers of supply chain performance ・Answer: FaciI itias are the where of the supply chain if we think ofinventory as what is being passed along the supply chain and transportation as how it is passed along ・ They are the locations to or from which the inventory is transported ・ Within a faci Iity, inventory is either processed ortransformed into another state (manufacturing) or it is stored before being shipped to the next stage (warehousing).Inventory exists in the supply chain because of a mismatch between supply and demand. An important role that inventory plays in the supply chain is toincrease the amount of demand that can be satisfied by having product ready and avaiI able when the customer wants it. Another significant role inventory plays is to reduce cost by exploiting any economies of scale that may exist during both production and distribution. Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain from raw mater ials to work in process to finished goods that suppliers, manufacturers, di str ibutors, and retailers hold ・Inventory is a major source of cost in a supply chain and it has a huge impact on responsiveness ・ The location and quantity of inventory can move the supply chain from one end of the responsiveness spectrum to the other.Inventory a I so has a significant impact on the mater iaI flow time in a supply chain. Material flow time is the time that elapses between the point at which Another importsnt area where inventory has a significant impact i s throughput ・ Inventory and flow time are synonymous in a supply chain ・ Managersincreasing cost or reducing responsiveness, can be a significant advantage in a supply chain.Transportation moves product between different stages in a supply chain. Like the other supply chain drivers, transportation has a large impact on bothresponsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation, whether inthe form of different modes of transportation or different amounts beingtransported, a I Iows a supply chain to be more responsive but reduces its efficiency. The type of transportation a company uses also affects theinventory and faciIity Iocations in the supply chain ・Information could be over looked as a major supply chain dr iver because it does not have a physical presence ・ Information, however, deeply affects every part of the supply chain ・ Its impact is easy tounderestimate as information affects a supply chain in many different ways ・ Information serves as the connection between the supply chain* svar ious stages, al lowing them to coordinate and br ing about many of the benefits of maximizing totaI suppIy chain profitabiIity ・ Information isa I so crucial to the daily operations of each stage in a supply chain. 4. should use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed withoutbecause reduced flow timeFor instance, a production scheduling system uses information on demand tocreate a schedule that a I Iows a factory to produce the r i ght products in an efficient manner. A warehouse management system uses information to create visibility of the warehouse* s inventory ・ The company can then use thisinformation to determine whether new orders can be filled ・ Difficu/ty: Hard5. Explain the role of each of the major dr ivers of supply chain performance in thecompetitive strategy.Answer: Faci I it ies and thei r corresponding capacities to perform thei r functions are a key driver of suppIy chain performance in terms ofresponsiveness and efficiency. For example, companies can gain economies of scale when a product is manufactured or stored in only one location; thiscentralization increases efficiency. The cost reduction, however, comes at the expense of responsiveness, as many of a company' s customers may be located far from the production faciI ity. The opposite is also true ・ Locating faciI ities close to customers increases the number of faci I ities needed and consequent Iy reduces efficiency. If the customer demands and iswilling to pay for the having numerous faciIities adds, however, then helps meet the company* scompetitive strategy Inventory plays a significant role in a supplysupport a firm' s competitive strategy. If a firm's competitive strategy requi res a very high level of responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness by locating large amounts of inventory close to the customer ・ Conversely, a company can also use inventory to make itself more efficient by reducing inventory through centralized stocking ・ The latter strategy wouId support a competitive strategy of being a low-cost producer ・ The trade-off implicit in the inventory dr iver i s between theresponsiveness that results from more inventory and the efficiency that results from I ess inventory ・The role of transportation in a company' s competitive strategy figuresprominently when the company is consider ing the target customer * s needs. If a firm* s competitive strategy targets a customer that demands a very high level of responsiveness, and that customer is willing to pay for this responsiveness, then a fi rm can usetransportation as one driver for making the supply we I I ・ If acompany' s deci si on criter ion i s lower the cost of thecompany may use both inventory and transportation to increase responsiveness or efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means fi nd i ng the r ight ba Iance between the two.Information i s a dr iver whose importance has grown as companies have usedresponsiveness that thisfaciIities decision goa I s. chain' s ability to chain more responsive ・ The opposite is true ascompetitive strategy targets customers whose main price, then the company can use transportation to product at the expense of responsiveness ・ As a。
供应链管理 第三章 练习和答案
Chap er 3Supply Chain Drivers and Obs aclesTrue/False1. 供应链的主要驱动因素是设施、库存、运输、信息。
T2. 供应链的主要驱动因素是客户、设施、库存、运输和信息。
F3. 生产场地和仓储设施是两大主要设施。
T4. 配送中心和仓储设施是两大主要设施。
F5. 库存是供应链的一项重要驱动因素,因为改变库存政策能大大改变供应链的效率和响应性。
T6. 信息可能是影响供应链绩效的最大的因素，因为它直接影响了其他的各个因素。
T7. 信息可能是影响供应链绩效的最大的因素，虽然它对其他因素的影响很小。
F8. 没有过剩产能的设施比有大量过剩产能的设施在单位产品的生产上更有效率。
T9. 没有过剩产能的设施比有大量过剩产能的设施在单位产品的生产上没有多大的效率。
F10. 高利用设施将难以应付需求的波动。
T11. 有大量过剩产能的高利用设施将很容易地应付需求的波动。
F12. 单品储存法是用传统仓库储存所有的同一种产品一起存放的方法。
T13. 库存仓储单位的仓储方法使用传统仓库存放所有的同一种产品一起存放的方法。
F14. 库存决策的组成包括了周转库存、安全库存、季节性库存和寻找供应源。
T15. 库存决策的组成包括了库存能力、周转库存、安全库存、季节性库存和寻找供应源。
F16. 周期库存是为了抵消可预测的变化而建立的。
F17. 季节性库存是为了抵消可预测的变化而建立的。
T18. 当使用季节库存的公司没有能力生产满足所有需求时，会在低需求时为高需求时建立库存。
T19. 公司采用季节性库存将为了在高需求周期时提高生产率而保持一个水平库存。
F20.21. 实现战略匹配的关键是公司在响应性和效率之间寻求平衡的能力，这种平衡最佳地满足了目标顾客的需求。
T22.23. 诸如产品品种的增加、生命周期的缩短等许多障碍，已使供应链实现战略匹配越来越困难。
TMul iple Choice1. 下列哪一项不是供应链绩效的主要驱动因素？ Ea. 设施b. 库存c. 运输d. 信息e. 以上都是供应链绩效的主要驱动因素2. 下列哪一项不是供应链绩效的主要驱动因素？Aa. 客户b. 设施c. 库存d. 运输e. 信息3. 供应链网络中被众所周知的进行产品储存、组装、制造的地方是Ea. 设施b. 库存c. 运输d. 信息e. 客户4. 包括供应链上所有原材料、在制品、产成品的是 Ba. 设施b. 库存c. 运输d. 信息e. 顾客5. 使库存在供应链上实现了点到点的移动的是 Ca. 设施b. 库存c. 运输d. 信息e. 客户6. 包括整个供应链上设备、库存、运输、和客户的数据和分析资料的是 Da. 设施b. 库存c. 运输d. 信息e. 客户7. 设施的两个主要类型是 Ca. 配送中心和仓储设施b. 生产场地和配送中心c. 生产场地和仓储设施d. 零售门店和配送中心e. 配送中心和仓储中心8. 供应链决策的框架中首先建立的部分是 Da. 客户战略b. 供应链战略c. 供应链结构d. 竞争战略e. 补充战略9. 供应链决策的框架中需第二建立的部分是 Ba. 客户战略b. 供应链战略c. 供应链结构d. 竞争战略e. 补充战略10. 供应链决策框架中那一部分是用来实现由供应链战略支配的绩效水平？ Ca. 客户战略b. 供应链战略c. 供应链结构d. 竞争战略e. 补充战略11. 下列那一项不是设施决策的组成部分？ Ea. 选址b. 产能c. 操作方法d. 仓储方法e. 以上都是12. 下列那一项不是设施决策的组成部分？ Ba. 仓储方法b. 预测方法c. 操作方法d. 产能e. 选址13. 下列陈述句中有关决定设施选址错误的是？ Da. 公司决定在何处建造设施的决策构成了供应链设计的大部分内容。
供应链管理第三版unit3习题与答案
Chapter 3Supply Chain Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1.The major drivers of supply chain performance are facilities, inventory,transportation, and information.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2.The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities,inventory, transportation, and information.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3.The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4.The two major types of facilities are distribution sites and storagesites.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate5.Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventorypolicies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency andresponsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatermation is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easyrmation is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain even though it has little impact on each of the otherdrivers.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy8. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be more efficient perunit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy9. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or lessefficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10.The high utilization facility will have difficulty responding to demandfluctuations.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11.The high utilization facility will have no more difficulty responding todemand fluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy12.Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology thatuses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of producttogether.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13.Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses atraditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate14.The components of inventory decisions include cycle inventory, safetyinventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy15.The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory,safety inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy16.Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictablevariability in demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17.Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictablevariability in demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatepanies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods oflow demand and store it for periods of high demand when they will nothave the capacity to produce all that is demanded.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatepanies using seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventoryincrease rate of production for periods of high demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy20. A company’s ability to find a balance b etween responsiveness andefficiency that best matches the needs of the customer it is targetingis the key to achieving strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate21.Many obstacles, such as growing product variety and shorter life cycles,have made it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achievestrategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1.Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performancea.Facilitiesb.Inventoryc.Transportationrmatione.All of the above are major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy2.Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performancea.Customersb.Facilitiesc.Inventoryd.TransportationrmationAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate3.The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled,or fabricated are known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy4.All raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supplychain are known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy5.Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy6.The data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, andcustomers throughout the supply chain is known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy7.The two major types of facilities area.distribution sites and storage sites.b.production sites and distribution sites.c.production sites and storage sites.d.retail sites and distribution sites.e.distribution sites and inventory sites.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would beestablished firsta.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetitive strategye.Replenishment strategyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate9.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would beestablished seconda.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetitive strategye.Replenishment strategyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be usedto reach the performance level dictated by the supply chain strategya.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetitive strategye.Replenishment strategyAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy11.Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisionsa.Locationb.Capacityc.Operations methodologyd.Warehousing methodologye.All of the above are components of facilities decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate12.Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisionsa.Warehousing methodologyb.Forecasting methodologyc.Operations methodologyd.Capacitye.LocationAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate13.Which of the following statements concerning decisions regarding locationof facilities is falsea.Deciding where a company will locate its facilities constitutes alarge part of the design of a supply chain.b. A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economiesof scale or decentralize to become more responsive by beingcloser to the customer.panies must also consider a host of issues related to thevarious characteristics of the local area in which the facilitymay be situated.d.All of these statements are true.e.None of these statements are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate14.Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider infacility location decisionsa.quality of workersb.product developmentc.proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.cost of facilitye.tax effectsAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15.Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider infacility location decisionsa.quality of workersb.availability of infrastructurec.proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.cost of facilitye.All of the above are issues companies need to consider in facilitylocation decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate16.Excess capacitya.allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wideswings in the demands placed on it.b.costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency.c.requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network.d.both a and be.all of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate17.Which of the following is a characteristic of a facility with excesscapacitya.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacityb.would be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in thedemands placed on itc.would be considered a high utilization facilityd.will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuationse.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18.A facility with little excess capacitya.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacity.b.would be considered a high utilization facility.c.will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.d.All of the above are true.e.None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19.Which of the following would be a characteristic of a facility with littleexcess capacitya.allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swingsin the demands placed on itb.costs money and therefore can decrease efficiencyc.requires proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producese.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate20.Which of the following is not a warehousing methodologya.Warehouse unit storageb.Stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec.Job lot storaged.Cross-dockinge.All of the above are warehousing methodologies.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate21.The warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store allof one type of product together isa.warehouse unit storage.b.stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c.job lot storage.d.cross-docking.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate22.The warehousing methodology in which all the different types of productsneeded to perform a particular job or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together isa.warehouse unit storage.b.stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c.job lot storage.d.cross-docking.e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23.The following warehousing methodology is one in which goods are notactually warehoused in a facility. Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a facility. There the inventory is broken into smaller lots and quickly loaded onto store-bound trucks that carry a variety of products, some from each of thesupplier trucks.a.warehouse unit storageb.stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec.job lot storaged.cross-dockinge.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate24.All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.All of the above are components of inventory decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy25.All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta.capacity.b.cycle inventory.c.safety inventory.d.seasonal inventory.e.sourcing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy26.The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt ofsupplier shipments is referred to asa.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27.The inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demandis calleda.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate28.The inventory held in case demand exceeds expectation in order to counteruncertainty is calleda.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate29.The set of business processes required to purchase goods and services isknown asa.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30.Cycle inventory decisions involvea.how much to order for replenishment.b.how often to place orders.c. a basic trade-off between the cost of holding larger lots ofinventory and the cost of ordering product frequently.d.all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31.Cycle inventory is used becausea.the world is perfectly predictable.b.demand is uncertain and may exceed expectations.c.it involves making a trade-off between the costs of having toomuch inventory and the costs of losing sales due to not havingenough inventory.d.it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e.it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate32.Seasonal inventory should be used whena. a company can rapidly change the rate of its production system ata very low cost.b.changing the rate of production is expensive ., when workers mustbe hired or fired).c.adjusting to a period of low demand without incurring large costs.d.the world is perfectly predictable.e.production rate is flexible.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33.Sourcing involvesa.deciding the tasks that will be outsourced and those that will beper-formed within the firm.b.deciding whether to source from a single supplier or a portfolioof suppliers.c.identifying the set of criterion that will be used to selectsuppliers and measure their performance.d.selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.e.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy34.Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions whendesigning and operating a supply chaina.Mode of transportationb.Route and network selectionc.In-house or outsourced.all of the abovee.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate35.Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions whendesigning and operating a supply chaina.Software selectionb.Mode of transportationc.Source selectiond.Warehouse selectione.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy36.Which of the following are key components of information that must beanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chaina.Push versus pullb.Coordination and information sharingc.Forecasting and aggregate planningd.Pricing and revenue managemente.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate37.Which of the following are key components of information that must beanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chaina.Software selectionb.Source selectionc.Warehouse selectiond.Forecasting and aggregate planninge.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38.When all the different stages of a supply chain work toward the objectiveof maximizing total supply chain profitability, rather than each stage devoting itself to its own profitability without considering total supply chain profit, it is known asa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy39.The art and science of making projections about what future demand andconditions will be isa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy40.Transforming forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projecteddemand is known asa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41.The process by which a firm decides how much to charge customers for itsgoods and services isa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy42.The use of differential pricing over time or customer segments to maximizeprofits from a limited set of supply chain assets isa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate43.Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze informationin the supply chaina.Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)b.Internetc.Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)d.Supply Chain Management (SCM) softwaree.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy44.Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze informationin the supply chaina.Internetb.Enterprise Data Planning (EDP)c.Electronic Resource Interchange (ERI)d.Chain Management (CM) softwaree.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45.Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fita.Increasing variety of productsb.Decreasing product lifecyclesc.Increasingly demanding customersd.Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy46.Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fita.Difficulty executing new strategiesb.Globalizationc.Increasingly demanding customersd.Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate47.Which of the following is not an obstacle to achieving strategic fita.Increasing variety of productsb.Decreasing product lifecyclesc.Increasingly demanding customersd.Consolidation of supply chain ownershipe.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1.List and define the four major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilities are the places in the supply chain network whereproduct is stored, assembled, or fabricated. The two major types offacilities are production sites and storage sites.Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goodswithin a supply chain. Inventory is an important supply chain driverbecause changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficie ncy and responsiveness.Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in thesupply chain. Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes and routes.Information consists of data and analysis concerning facilities,inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain.Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Difficulty: Moderate2.Explain the supply chain decision-making framework and the role of thefour major drivers.Answer: The goal of a supply chain strategy is to strike the balancebetween responsiveness and efficiency, resulting in a strategic fit with the competitive strategy. To reach this goal, a company uses the foursupply chain drivers discussed earlier. For each of the individualdrivers, supply chain managers must make a trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness. The combined impact of these four drivers thendetermines the responsiveness and efficiency of the entire supply chain.Most companies begin with a competitive strategy and then decide whattheir supply chain strategy ought to be. The supply chain strategydetermines how the supply chain should perform with respect toefficiency and responsiveness. The supply chain must then use the supply chain drivers to reach the performance level the supply chain strategydictates.Difficulty: Moderate3.Explain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency foreach of the major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: The fundamental trade-off when making facilities decisions isbetween the cost of the number, location, and type of facilities(efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilitiesprovide the company’s customers.The fundamental trade-off when making inventory decisions is betweenresponsiveness and efficiency. Increasing inventory will generally make the supply chain more responsive to the customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore,a supply chain manager can use inventory as one of the drivers forreaching the level of responsiveness and efficiency the competitivestrategy targets.The fundamental trade-off for transportation is between the cost oftransporting a given product (efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported (responsiveness). The transportation choiceinfluences other drivers such as inventory and facilities. When supplychain managers think about making transportation decisions, they framethe decision in terms of this trade-off.Good information systems can help a firm improve both its responsiveness and efficiency. The information driver is used to improve theperformance of other drivers and the use of information is based on the strategic position the other drivers support. Accurate information canhelp a firm improve efficiency by decreasing inventory andtransportation costs. Accurate information can improve responsiveness by helping a supply chain better match supply and demand.Difficulty: Moderate4.Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chainperformance.Answer: Facilities are the where of the supply chain if we think ofinventory as what is being passed along the supply chain andtransportation as how it is passed along. They are the locations to orfrom which the inventory is transported. Within a facility, inventory is either processed or transformed into another state (manufacturing) or it is stored before being shipped to the next stage (warehousing).Inventory exists in the supply chain because of a mismatch betweensupply and demand. An important role that inventory plays in the supplychain is to increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied byhaving product ready and available when the customer wants it. Anothersignificant role inventory plays is to reduce cost by exploiting anyeconomies of scale that may exist during both production anddistribution. Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain from rawmaterials to work in process to finished goods that suppliers,manufacturers, distributors, and retailers hold.Inventory is a major source of cost in a supply chain and it has a hugeimpact on responsiveness. The location and quantity of inventory canmove the supply chain from one end of the responsiveness spectrum to the other.Inventory also has a significant impact on the material flow time in asupply chain. Material flow time is the time that elapses between thepoint at which Another important area where inventory has a significantimpact is throughput.Inventory and flow time are synonymous in a supply chain. Managersshould use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed withoutincreasing cost or reducing responsiveness, because reduced flow timecan be a significant advantage in a supply chain.Transportation moves product between different stages in a supply chain.Like the other supply chain drivers, transportation has a large impacton both responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation, whether in the form of different modes of transportation or different amounts being transported, allows a supply chain to be more responsive but reduces its efficiency. The type of transportation a company uses also affects theinventory and facility locations in the supply chain.Information could be overlooked as a major supply chain driver becauseit does not have a physical presence. Information, however, deeplyaffects every part of the supply chain. Its impact is easy tounderestimate as information affects a supply chain in many differentways. Information serves as the connection between the supply chain’svarious stages, allowing them to coordinate and bring about many of thebenefits of maximizing total supply chain profitability. Information isalso crucial to the daily operations of each stage in a supply chain.For instance, a production scheduling system uses information on demandto create a schedule that allows a factory to produce the right products in an efficient manner. A warehouse management system uses informationto create visibility of the warehouse’s inventory. The company can then use this information to determine whether new orders can be filled.Difficulty: Hard5.Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chainperformance in the competitive strategy.Answer: Facilities and their corresponding capacities to perform theirfunctions are a key driver of supply chain performance in terms ofresponsiveness and efficiency. For example, companies can gain economies of scale when a product is manufactured or stored in only one location;this centralization increases efficiency. The cost reduction, however,comes at the expense of responsiveness, as many of a company’scustomers may be located far from the production facility. The oppositeis also true. Locating facilities close to customers increases thenumber of facilities needed and consequently reduces efficiency. If thecustomer demands and is willing to pay for the responsiveness thathaving numerous facilities adds, however, then this facilities decisionhelps meet the company’s competitive strategy goals.Inventory plays a significant role in a supply chain’s ability tosupport a firm’s competitive strategy. If a firm’s competitivestrategy requires a very high level of responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness by locating large amounts ofinventory close to the customer. Conversely, a company can also useinventory to make itself more efficient by reducing inventory throughcentralized stocking. The latter strategy would support a competitivestrategy of being a low-cost producer. The trade-off implicit in theinventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from moreinventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory.The role of transportation in a company’s competitive strategy figuresprominently when the company is considering the target customer’s needs.If a firm’s competitive strategy targets a customer that demands a very high level of responsiveness, and that customer is willing to pay forthis responsiveness, then a firm can use transportation as one driverfor making the supply chain more responsive. The opposite is true aswell. If a company’s competitive strategy targets customers whose maindecision criterion is price, then the company can use transportation tolower the cost of the product at the expense of responsiveness. As acompany may use both inventory and transportation to increaseresponsiveness or efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means finding the right balance between the two.Information is a driver whose importance has grown as companies have used it to become both more efficient and more responsive. The tremendous growth of the importance of information technology is a testimony to the impact information can have on improving a company. Like all the other drivers, however, even with information, companies reach a point when they must make the trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness.Difficulty: Hard。
最新电大《供应链管理》形成性考核册及参考答案
《供应链管理》形成性考核册及参考答案第一次作业（第一---三章）一、名词解释：1、管理模式答：是一种系统化的指导与控制方法，它把企业中的人、财、物和信息等资源，高质量、低成本、快速及时地转换为市场所需要的产品和服务。
2、供应链设计答：供应链设计是企业规模的设计，是从企业整体的角度勾画企业蓝图，是扩展的企业模型3、供应链合作伙伴关系答：一般是指在供应链内部两个或以上独立的成员之间形成的一种协调关系，以保证实现某个特定的目标或效益，也就是供应商-制造商关系，或者称为卖主/供应商-买主关系、供应商关系。
二、单项选择题1、供应链的概念是在（C）提出来的。
A. 20世纪60年代B.20世纪70年代C.20世纪80年代D.20世纪90年代2、供应链管理是一种（ A ）的管理思想和方法。
A.集成B.松散C.积极D.消极3、供应链的管理目标呈现出（C）特征。
A．一体化 B．集成化C．多元化 D．一元化4、供应链管理是通过企业之间共享库存信息和通过( D )传递信息。
A．条形码 B．全球定位系统C. 地理信息系统 D．电子数据交换5、一个企业应尽可能考虑( D )供应商或分销商，这样有利于从整体上了解供应链的运行状态。
A．一级 B．二级C．三级 D．多级6、( A )的产品能满足基本需要，不会有太大的变化，因而需求稳定且可以预测，并且生命周期长。
A．功能型 B．革新型C．复合型 D．单一型7、从核心企业战略发展的角度设计供应链，有助于建立稳定的( B )。
A．供应链规划 B．供应链体系模型C．供应链 D．供应链原则8、对于长期需求而言，合作伙伴要求能保持较高的竞争力和增值率，因此最好选择（A）A．战略性合作伙伴关系 B．普通合作伙伴C. 竞争性合作伙伴 D．技术性合作伙伴9、( A )伙伴选择主要是面向上、下游企业关系的伙伴选择。
A．纵向 B. 横向C．侧向 D. 外向10、供应链是围绕（C）建立起来的。
A．一般企业 B. 中间企业C．核心企业 D. 物流企业三、多项选择题1、供应链管理与物流管理的区别主要有( ABC )A．供应链管理是物流运作管理的扩展B．供应链管理是物流一体化管理的延伸C. 供应链管理是物流管理的新战略D．供应链管理是物流管理的改头换面2、供应链是一个网络系统，由（ABCD）组成。
供应链管理试卷三答案
一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1~5 B C A D B 6~10 A C D C B二、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1.渗透性定价---是指最初以低价进入新市场而获取更大的市场占有率的策略。
2.派分需求---是指要在发货点派分某种货物或某项服务的需求和提前期。
3.第三方物流---是指物流的实际需求方和物流的实际供给方之外的第三方，它部分或全部利用第二方的资源，通过合约向第一方提供物流服务，它是业务外包在物流业务中的具体表现。
4.客户关系管理---是一种以客户为中心的管理思想和经营理念，目的在于改善企业与客户之间的关系，在企业的市场、销售、服务与技术支持等与客户相关的领域中广泛实施，通过为不同类型的客户定制不同的服务，吸引和保持更多的客户。
三、简答题（每小题8分，共40分）1.简述库存持有成本的五个主要因素。
答: （1）过时成本。
（2）损坏/报废成本。
（3）保险成本。
（4）仓储成本。
（5）机会成本。
2.简述实施快速响应的六个步骤。
答: （1）条形码和EDI。
（2）固定周期补货。
（3）先进的补货联盟。
（4）零售空间管理。
（5）联合产品开发。
（6）快速响应的集成。
3.简述供应链绩效评价的主要作用。
答: （1）用于对整个供应链的运行效果做出评价。
（2）用于对供应链上各个成员企业做出评价。
（3）用于对供应链内企业与企业之间的合作关系做出评价。
（4）除对供应链企业运作绩效的评价外，这些指标还可以起到对企业的激励作用，包括核心企业对非核心企业的激励，也包括供应商、制造商和销售商之间的相互激励。
4.简述供应链的基本特征答: ⑴复杂性；⑵动态性；面向用户需求；⑷交叉性。
5.简述ERP系统的主要管理思想答: ⑴加强了对整个供应链资源进行管理及协调的思想；⑵体现精益生产和敏捷制造的思想；⑶体现事先计划与事中控制的思想。
四、计算题（共20分）（1）年维持费用（年维持费用=平均库存╳每单位库存每年的保持费用）年维持费用=平均库存*每单位的库存每年的保持费用=600/2*20 =300*20 =6000（元）（2）年订货费用（年订货费用=年订单次数╳每份订单的费用）年订货费用=年订单次数*每人订单的费用=30000/600*30 =50*30 =1500（元）（3）年总费用（年总费用=年维持费用+年订货费用）年总费用=年维持费用+年订货费用=6000+1500= 7500（元）（4）当订货数量为1000时的年总费用当订货数量为1000时：年总费用=年维持费用+年订货费用=1000/2*20+30000/1000*30 =500*20+900 =10900（元）。
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2009年《供应链管理》第三次作业
一名词解释：
1．安全库存：指当不确定因素已导致更高的预期需求或导致完成周期更长时的缓冲存货，安全库存用于满足提前期需求。
在给定安全库存的条件下，平均存货可用订货批量的一半和安全库存来描述。
3．供应商关系管理：是一种致力于实现与供应商建立和维持长久、紧密伙伴关系的管理思想和软件技术的解决方案，目标责任制是通过与供应商建立长期、紧密的业务关系，并通过对双方资源和竞争优势的整合来共同开拓市场，扩大出口市场需求和份额，降低产品前期的高额成本，实现双赢的企业管理模式。
2．条形码：是由一组宽度不同、反射率不同的条和空按规定的编写规则组合起来的、用以表示一组数据和符号，自相残杀技术是研究工作如何把计算成本机所需要量的数据用一种条形码来表示感谢，以及如何将条形码友表示的数据转变为计算机可以自动采集的数据。
4．客户价值：是指整体客户价值与整体客户成本之间的差额部分，客户价值是一种相对价值，客户可以感知，但不能精确度计算。
二、单项选择题：
1．D 2A 3B 4 C 5D 6C 7A 8D 9D 10A
三、多项选择题
1．ABCD 2。
ADE 3ABC 4CD 5 CD 6 AB 7CDE 8 CDE
9BC 10ABD
四、判断题
1 √
2 √
3 ×
4 √5√ 6 ×7 ×8 ×9 ×10√
五、问答题：
1．影响供应链成本的因素有哪些？
答：影响供应链成本的因素众多、物流、信息流、资金流及商务流的业务流程改变，各种业务流程上的诸活动的作业方法的变化，效率的提高或降低，资源消耗的降低或提高，库存量的变化等等，都会影响供应链成本。
影响供应链成本的因素有：
1）．缺乏透明性；
2）．多变性；
3）．产品设计；
4．）信息共享。
2．供应链成本的控制策略有哪些？
答：供应链成本的控制策略有：
1）．物流一体化策略；
2）．产销物结合化策略；
3）．物流及时化策略。
3．供应链管理中信息共享和集成的必要性。
答：供应链处于动态的快速变化的市场环境中，供应链管理模式下的信息集成就是要集成供应链上所有流程中各个环节的信息，包括供应商和客户的信息，实现信息共享，保证成员企业在适当的时刻能够获得需要的信息，为各级管理人员提供可靠的决策依据，以便对快速变化的市场需求作出响应。
1）．信息技术是实施供应链管理的保证；
2）．通过信息共享减小需求放大效应；
3）．通过信息集成改进生产计划和控制；
4）．通过信息集成实现准时采购；
5）．通过信息集成改进物流管理。
4．试述客户关系管理及其实施步骤。
答：客户关系管理就是指通过对客户行为长期的、有意识的施加某种影响，以强化公司与客户之间的合作关系。
客户关系管理旨在通过培养公司的客户（包括内部客户和外部客户）对该公司的产品或服务更积极的偏爱或偏好，留住他们并以此作为提升公司营销业绩的一种策略与手段。
客户关系管理的实施步骤：
为成功的实施好CRM项目，企业大致需要经历下面的若干过程和步骤：
1）．根据企业现行业务状况进行需求分析；
2）．明确企业要实现的目标；
3）．建立团队，统一观念，加强培训；
4）．设计总体方案和制定项目规划；
5）．选择最适合企业情况的解决方案；
6）．高层管理者的支持和企业全员的参与；
7）．制定实施计划、步骤和阶段性衡量标准；
8）．设定TCO和ROI指标；
9）．功能参数配置、系统调试和上线准备；
10）．系统投入运行和优化。