BorgWarner NexTrac presentation 2013

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Tsinghua2013_ISresearchinCM

If the answer to the question is many thousands of times the organization is highly reliable
High Reliability Theory
1. Definition – Examples - Principles 2. Theoretical framework 3. Instruments
Principle 5: Deference to Expertise Willingness to organize around expertise
Let decisions “migrate” to those with the expertise to make them Adherence to rigid hierarchies is loosened, especially during high tempo periods, so that there is a better matching of experience with problems
Principle 3: Sensitivity to operations
Pay close attention to operations. Everyone, no matter what his or her level, values organizing to maintain situational awareness.
Before the Accident
After the Accident
Modified from Richard I. Cook (1997)
Key Questions for IS in HROs

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

HAZOP e Local approach in the Mexican oil &gas industryM.Pérez-Marín a ,M.A.Rodríguez-Toral b ,*aInstituto Mexicano del Petróleo,Dirección de Seguridad y Medio Ambiente,Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte No.152,07730México,D.F.,Mexicob PEMEX,Dirección Corporativa de Operaciones,Gerencia de Análisis de Inversiones,Torre Ejecutiva,Piso 12,Av.Marina Nacional No.329,11311México,D.F.,Mexicoa r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 3September 2012Received in revised form 26March 2013Accepted 27March 2013Keywords:HAZOPRisk acceptance criteria Oil &gasa b s t r a c tHAZOP (Hazard and Operability)studies began about 40years ago,when the Process Industry and complexity of its operations start to massively grow in different parts of the world.HAZOP has been successfully applied in Process Systems hazard identi ﬁcation by operators,design engineers and consulting ﬁrms.Nevertheless,after a few decades since its ﬁrst applications,HAZOP studies are not truly standard in worldwide industrial practice.It is common to ﬁnd differences in its execution and results format.The aim of this paper is to show that in the Mexican case at National level in the oil and gas industry,there exist an explicit acceptance risk criteria,thus impacting the risk scenarios prioritizing process.Although HAZOP studies in the Mexican oil &gas industry,based on PEMEX corporate standard has precise acceptance criteria,it is not a signi ﬁcant difference in HAZOP applied elsewhere,but has the advantage of being fully transparent in terms of what a local industry is willing to accept as the level of risk acceptance criteria,also helps to gain an understanding of the degree of HAZOP applications in the Mexican oil &gas sector.Contrary to this in HAZOP ISO standard,risk acceptance criteria is not speci ﬁed and it only mentions that HAZOP can consider scenarios ranking.The paper concludes indicating major implications of risk ranking in HAZOP,whether before or after safeguards identi ﬁcation.Ó2013Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionHAZOP (Hazard and Operability)studies appeared in systematic way about 40years ago (Lawley,1974)where a multidisciplinary group uses keywords on Process variables to ﬁnd potential hazards and operability troubles (Mannan,2012,pp.8-31).The basic prin-ciple is to have a full process description and to ask in each node what deviations to the design purpose can occur,what causes produce them,and what consequences can be presented.This is done systematically by applying the guide words:Not ,More than ,Less than ,etc.as to generate a list of potential failures in equipment and process components.The objective of this paper is to show that in the Mexican case at National level in the oil and gas industry,there is an explicit acceptance risk criteria,thus impacting the risk scenarios priori-tizing process.Although HAZOP methodology in the Mexican oil &gas industry,based on PEMEX corporate standard has precise acceptance criteria,it is not a signi ﬁcant difference in HAZOP studies applied elsewhere,but has the advantage of being fullytransparent in terms of what a local industry is willing to accept as the level of risk acceptance criteria,also helps to gain an under-standing of the degree of HAZOP applications in the Mexican oil &gas sector.Contrary to this in HAZOP ISO standard (ISO,2000),risk acceptance criteria is not speci ﬁed and it only mentions that HAZOP can consider scenarios ranking.The paper concludes indicating major implications of risk prioritizing in HAZOP,whether before or after safeguards identi ﬁcation.2.Previous workHAZOP studies include from original ICI method with required actions only,to current applications based on computerized documentation,registering design intentions at nodes,guide words,causes,deviations,consequences,safeguards,cause fre-quencies,loss contention impact,risk reduction factors,scenarios analysis,ﬁnding analysis and many combinations among them.In the open literature there have been reported interesting and signi ﬁcant studies about HAZOP,like HAZOP and HAZAN differences (Gujar,1996)where HAZOP was identi ﬁed as qualitative hazard identi ﬁcation technique,while HAZAN was considered for the quantitative risk determination.This difference is not strictly valid today,since there are now companies using HAZOP with risk analysis*Corresponding author.Tel.:þ525519442500x57043.E-mail addresses:mpmarin@imp.mx (M.Pérez-Marín),miguel.angel.rodriguezt@ ,matoral09@ (M.A.Rodríguez-Toral).Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirectJournal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industriesjou rn al homepage :/locate/jlp0950-4230/$e see front matter Ó2013Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved./10.1016/j.jlp.2013.03.008Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 26(2013)936e 940and its acceptance criteria(Goyal&Kugan,2012).Other approaches include HAZOP execution optimization(Khan,1997);the use of intelligent systems to automate HAZOP(Venkatasubramanian,Zhao, &Viswanathan,2000);the integration of HAZOP with Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and with Event Tree Analysis(ETA)(Kuo,Hsu,& Chang,1997).According to CCPS(2001)any qualitative method for hazard evaluation applied to identify scenarios in terms of their initial causes,events sequence,consequences and safeguards,can beextended to register Layer of Protection Analysis(LOPA).Since HAZOP scenarios report are presented typically in tabular form there can be added columns considering the frequency in terms of order of magnitude and the probability of occurrence identiﬁed in LOPA.There should be identiﬁed the Independent and the non-Independent Protection Layers,IPL and non-IPL respec-tively.Then the Probability of Failure on Demand(PFDs)for IPL and for non-IPL can be included as well as IPL integrity.Another approach consists of a combination of HAZOP/LOPA analysis including risk magnitude to rank risk reduction actions (Johnson,2010),a general method is shown,without emphasizing in any particular application.An extended HAZOP/LOPA analysis for Safety Integrity Level(SIL)is presented there,showing the quan-titative beneﬁt of applying risk reduction measures.In this way one scenario can be compared with tolerable risk criteria besides of being able to compare each scenario according to its risk value.A recent review paper has reported variations of HAZOP methodology for several applications including batch processes, laboratory operations,mechanical operations and programmable electronic systems(PES)among others(Dunjó,Fthenakis,Vílchez, &Arnaldos,2010).Wide and important contributions to HAZOP knowledge have been reported in the open literature that have promoted usage and knowledge of HAZOP studies.However,even though there is available the IEC standard on HAZOP studies,IEC-61882:2001there is not a worldwide agreement on HAZOP methodology and there-fore there exist a great variety of approaches for HAZOP studies.At international level there exist an ample number of ap-proaches in HAZOP studies;even though the best advanced prac-tices have been taken by several expert groups around the world, there is not uniformity among different consulting companies or industry internal expert groups(Goyal&Kugan,2012).The Mexican case is not the exception about this,but in the local oil and gas industry there exist a national PEMEX corporate standard that is speciﬁc in HAZOP application,it includes ranking risk scenarios (PEMEX,2008),qualitative hazard ranking,as well as the two ap-proaches recognized in HAZOP,Cause by Cause(CÂC)and Devia-tion by Deviation(DÂD).Published work including risk criteria include approaches in countries from the Americas,Europe and Asia(CCPS,2009),but nothing about Mexico has been reported.3.HAZOP variationsIn the technical literature there is no consensus in the HAZOP studies procedure,from the several differences it is consider that the more important are the variations according to:(DÂD)or (CÂC).Table1shows HAZOP variations,where(CQÂCQ)means Consequence by Consequence analysis.The implications of choosing(CÂC)are that in this approach there are obtained unique relationships of Consequences,Safeguards and Recommendations,for each speciﬁc Cause of a given Deviation. For(DÂD),all Causes,Consequences,Safeguards and Recommenda-tions are related only to one particular Deviation,thus producing that not all Causes appear to produce all the Consequences.In practice HAZOP approach(DÂD)can optimize analysis time development.However,its drawback comes when HAZOP includes risk ranking since it cannot be determined easily which Cause to consider in probability assignment.In choosing(CÂC)HAZOP there is no such a problem,although it may take more time on the analysis.The HAZOP team leader should agree HAZOP approach with customer and communicate this to the HAZOP team.In our experience factors to consider when choosing HAZOP approach are:1.If HAZOP will be followed by Layers of Protection Analysis(LOPA)for Safety Integrity Level(SIL)selection,then choose (CÂC).2.If HAZOP is going to be the only hazard identiﬁcation study,it isworth to make it with major detail using(CÂC).3.If HAZOP is part of an environmental risk study that requires aConsequence analysis,then use(DÂD).4.If HAZOP is going to be done with limited time or becauseHAZOP team cannot spend too much time in the analysis,then use(DÂD).Although this is not desirable since may compro-mise process safety.Regarding risk ranking in HAZOP,looking at IEC standard(IEC, 2001)it is found that HAZOP studies there are(DÂD)it refers to (IEC,1995)in considering deviation ranking in accordance to their severity or on their relative risk.One advantage of risk ranking is that presentation of HAZOP results is very convenient,in particular when informing the management on the recommendations to be followedﬁrst or with higher priority as a function of risk evaluated by the HAZOP team regarding associated Cause with a given recommendation.Tables2and3are shown as illustrative example of the convenience of event risk ranking under HAZOP,showing no risk ranking in Table2and risk ranking in Table3.When HAZOP presents a list of recommendations without ranking,the management can focus to recommendations with perhaps the lower resource needs and not necessarily the ones with higher risk.Table1Main approaches in HAZOP studies.Source HAZOP approach(Crowl&Louvar,2011)(DÂD)(ABS,2004)(CÂC)&(DÂD)(Hyatt,2003)(CÂC),(DÂD)&(CQÂCQ) (IEC,2001)(DÂD)(CCPS,2008);(Crawley,Preston,& Tyler,2008)(DÂD),(CÂC)Table2HAZOP recommendations without risk ranking.DescriptionRecommendation1Recommendation2Recommendation3Recommendation4Recommendation5Table3HAZOP recommendations with risk ranking.Scenario risk DescriptionHigh Recommendation2High Recommendation5Medium Recommendation3Low Recommendation1Low Recommendation4M.Pérez-Marín,M.A.Rodríguez-Toral/Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries26(2013)936e940937As can be seen in Tables 2and 3,for the management there will be more important to know HAZOP results as in Table 3,in order to take decisions on planning response according to ranking risk.4.HAZOP standard for the Mexican oil &gas industryLooking at the worldwide recognized guidelines for hazard identi ﬁcation (ISO,2000)there is mentioned that when consid-ering scenarios qualitative risk assignment,one may use risk matrix for comparing the importance of risk reduction measures of the different options,but there is not a speci ﬁc risk matrix with risk values to consider.In Mexico there exist two national standards were tolerable and intolerable risk is de ﬁned,one is the Mexican National Standard NOM-028(NOM,2005)and the other is PEMEX corporate standard NRF-018(PEMEX,2008).In both Mexican standards the matrix form is considered for relating frequency and consequences.Fig.1shows the risk matrix in (NOM,2005),nomenclature regarding letters in this matrix is described in Tables 4e 6.It can be mentioned that risk matrix in (NOM,2005)is optional for risk management in local chemical process plants.For Mexican oil &gas industry,there exist a PEMEX corporate standard (NRF),Fig.2,shows the corresponding risk matrix (PEMEX,2008).Nomenclature regarding letters in this matrix is described in Tables 7e 9for risk concerning the community.It is important to mention that PEMEX corporate standard considers environmental risks,business risks,and corporate image risks.These are not shown here for space limitations.The Mexican National Standard (NOM)as being of general applicability gives the possibility for single entities (like PEMEX)to determine its own risk criteria as this company opted to do.PEMEX risk matrix can be converted to NOM ’s by category ’s grouping infrequency categories,thus giving same ﬂexibility,but with risk speci ﬁc for local industry acceptance risk criteria.One principal consideration in ranking risk is to de ﬁne if ranking is done before safeguards de ﬁnition or after.This de ﬁnition is relevant in:HAZOP kick-off presentation by HAZOP leader,explaining im-plications of risk ranking.HAZOP schedule de ﬁnition.Risk ranking at this point takes shorter time since time is not consumed in estimating risk reduction for each safeguard.If after HAZOP a LOPA is going to be done,then it should be advisable to request that HAZOP leader considers risk ranking before safeguards de ﬁnition,since LOPA has established rules in de ﬁning which safeguards are protections and the given risk reduction.Otherwise if for time or resource limitations HAZOP is not going to be followed by LOPA,then HAZOP should consider risk ranking after safeguards de ﬁnition.Therefore,the HAZOP leader should explain to the HAZOP team at the kick-off meeting a concise explanation of necessary considerations to identify safeguards having criteria to distinguish them as Independent Protection Layers (IPL)as well as the risk reduction provided by each IPL.In HAZOP report there should be make clear all assumptions and credits given to the Protections identi ﬁed by the HAZOP team.Figs.3and 4,shows a vision of both kinds of HAZOP reports:For the case of risk ranking before and after safeguards de ﬁnition.In Figs.3Fig.1.Risk matrix in (NOM,2005).Table 5Probability description (Y -axis of matrix in Fig.1)(NOM,2005).Frequency Frequency quantitative criteria L41in 10years L31in 100years L21in 1000years L1<1in 1000yearsTable 6Risk description (within matrix in Fig.1)(NOM,2005).Risk level Risk qualitative descriptionA Intolerable:risk must be reduced.B Undesirable:risk reduction required or a more rigorous risk estimation.C Tolerable risk:risk reduction is needed.DTolerable risk:risk reduction not needed.Fig.2.Risk matrix as in (PEMEX,2008).Table 7Probability description (Y -axis of matrix in Fig.2)(PEMEX,2008).Frequency Occurrence criteria Category Type Quantitative QualitativeHighF4>10À1>1in 10yearsEvent can be presented within the next 10years.Medium F310À1À10À21in 10years e 1in 100years It can occur at least once in facility lifetime.LowF210À2À10À31in 100years e 1in 1000years Possible,it has never occurred in the facility,but probably ithas occurred in a similar facility.Remote F1<10À3<1in 1000years Virtually impossible.It is norealistic its occurrence.Table 4Consequences description (X -axis of matrix in Fig.1)(NOM,2005).Consequences Consequence quantitative criteriaC4One or more fatalities (on site).Injuries or fatalities in the community (off-site).C3Permanent damage in a speci ﬁc Process or construction area.Several disability accidents or hospitalization.C2One disability accident.Multiple injuries.C1One injured.Emergency response without injuries.M.Pérez-Marín,M.A.Rodríguez-Toral /Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 26(2013)936e 940938and4“F”means frequency,C means consequence and R is risk as a function of“F”and“C”.One disadvantage of risk ranking before safeguards deﬁnition is that resulting risks usually are found to be High,Intolerable or Unacceptable.This makes difﬁcult the decision to be made by the management on what recommendations should be carried outﬁrst and which can wait.One advantage in risk ranking after safeguards deﬁnition is that it allows to show the management the risk scenario fully classiﬁed, without any tendency for identifying most risk as High(Intolerable or Unacceptable).In this way,the management will have a good description on which scenario need prompt attention and thus take risk to tolerable levels.There is commercial software for HAZOP methodology,but it normally requires the user to use his/her risk matrix,since risk matrix deﬁnition represents an extensive knowledge,resources and consensus to be recognized.The Mexican case is worldwide unique in HAZOP methodology, since it uses an agreed and recognized risk matrix and risk priori-tizing criteria according to local culture and risk understanding for the oil&gas sector.The risk matrix with corresponding risk levels took into account political,economical and ethic values.Advantages in using risk matrix in HAZOP are:they are easy to understand and to apply;once they are established and recognized they are of low cost;they allow risk ranking,thus helping risk reduction requirements and limitations.However,some disad-vantages in risk matrix use are:it may sometimes be difﬁcult to separate frequency categories,for instance it may not be easy to separate low from remote in Table7.The risk matrix subdivision may have important uncertainties,because there are qualitative considerations in its deﬁnition.Thus,it may be advantageous to update Pemex corporate HAZOP standard(PEMEX,2008)to consider a6Â6matrix instead of the current4Â4matrix.5.ConclusionsHAZOP studies are not a simple procedure application that as-sures safe Process systems on its own.It is part of a global design cycle.Thus,it is necessary to establish beforehand the HAZOP study scope that should include at least:methodology,type(CÂC,DÂD, etc.)report format,acceptance risk criteria and expected results.Mexico belongs to the reduced number of places where accep-tance risk criteria has been explicitly deﬁned for HAZOP studies at national level.ReferencesABS.(2004).Process safety institute.Course103“Process hazard analysis leader training,using the HAZOP and what-if/checklist techniques”.Houston TX:Amer-ican Bureau of Shipping.CCPS(Center for Chemical Process Safety).(2001).Layer of protection analysis: Simpliﬁed process risk assessment.New York,USA:AIChE.CCPS(Center for Chemical Process Safety).(2008).Guidelines for hazard evaluation procedures(3rd ed.).New York,USA:AIChE/John Wiley&Sons.CCPS(Center for Chemical Process Safety).(2009).Guidelines for Developing Quan-titative Safety Risk Criteria,Appendix B.Survey of worldwide risk criteria appli-cations.New York,USA:AIChE.Crawley,F.,Preston,M.,&Tyler,B.(2008).HAZOP:Guide to best practice(2nd ed.).UK:Institution of Chemical Engineers.Crowl,D.A.,&Louvar,J.F.(2011).Chemical process safety,fundamentals with ap-plications(3rd ed.).New Jersey,USA:Prentice Hall.Table8Consequences description(X-axis of matrix in Fig.2)(PEMEX,2008).Event type and consequence categoryEffect:Minor C1Moderate C2Serious C3Catastrophic C4 To peopleNeighbors Health and Safety.No impact on publichealth and safety.Neighborhood alert;potentialimpact to public health and safety.Evacuation;Minor injuries or moderateconsequence on public health and safety;side-effects cost between5and10millionMX$(0.38e0.76million US$).Evacuation;injured people;one ormore fatalities;sever consequenceon public health and safety;injuriesand side-consequence cost over10million MX$(0.76million US$).Health and Safetyof employees,serviceproviders/contractors.No injuries;ﬁrst aid.Medical treatment;Minor injurieswithout disability to work;reversible health treatment.Hospitalization;multiple injured people;total or partial disability;moderate healthtreatment.One o more fatalities;Severe injurieswith irreversible damages;permanenttotal or partial incapacity.Table9Risk description(within matrix in Fig.2)(PEMEX,2008).Risk level Risk description Risk qualitative descriptionA Intolerable Risk requires immediate action;cost should not be a limitation and doing nothing is not an acceptable option.Risk with level“A”represents an emergency situation and there should be implements with immediate temporary controls.Risk mitigation should bedone by engineered controls and/or human factors until Risk is reduced to type“C”or preferably to type“D”in less than90days.B Undesirable Risk should be reduced and there should be additional investigation.However,corrective actions should be taken within the next90days.If solution takes longer there should be installed on-site immediate temporary controls for risk reduction.C Acceptablewith control Signiﬁcant risk,but can be compensated with corrective actions during programmed facilities shutdown,to avoid interruption of work plans and extra-costs.Solutions measures to solve riskﬁndings should be done within18months.Mitigation actions should focus operations discipline and protection systems reliability.D ReasonablyacceptableRisk requires control,but it is of low impact and its attention can be carried out along with other operations improvements.Fig.3.Risk ranking before safeguard deﬁnition.Fig.4.Risk ranking after safeguards deﬁnition.M.Pérez-Marín,M.A.Rodríguez-Toral/Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries26(2013)936e940939Dunjó,J.,Fthenakis,V.,Vílchez,J.A.,&Arnaldos,J.(2010).Hazard and opera-bility(HAZOP)analysis.A literature review.Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173,19e32.Goyal,R.K.,&Kugan,S.(2012).Hazard and operability studies(HAZOP)e best practices adopted by BAPCO(Barahin Petroleum Company).In Presented at SPE middle east health,safety,security and environment conference and exhibition.Abu Dhabi,UAE.2e4April.Gujar,A.M.(1996).Myths of HAZOP and HAZAN.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industry,9(6),357e361.Hyatt,N.(2003).Guidelines for process hazards analysis,hazards identiﬁcation and risk analysis(pp.6-7e6-9).Ontario,Canada:CRC Press.IEC.(1995).IEC60300-3-9:1995.Risk management.Guide to risk analysis of techno-logical systems.Dependability management e Part3:Application guide e Section 9:Risk analysis of technological systems.Geneva:International Electrotechnical Commission.IEC.(2001).IEC61882.Hazard and operability studies(HAZOP studies)e Application guide.Geneva:International Electrotechnical Commission.ISO.(2000).ISO17776.Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identiﬁcation and risk assessment.Geneva:International Organization for Standardization.Johnson,R.W.(2010).Beyond-compliance uses of HAZOP/LOPA studies.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,23(6),727e733.Khan,F.I.(1997).OptHAZOP-effective and optimum approach for HAZOP study.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industry,10(3),191e204.Kuo,D.H.,Hsu,D.S.,&Chang,C.T.(1997).A prototype for integrating automatic fault tree/event tree/HAZOP puters&Chemical Engineering,21(9e10),S923e S928.Lawley,H.G.(1974).Operability studies and hazard analysis.Chemical Engineering Progress,70(4),45e56.Mannan,S.(2012).Lee’s loss prevention in the process industries.Hazard identiﬁca-tion,assessment and control,Vol.1,3rd ed.,Elsevier,(pp.8e31).NOM.(2005).NOM-028-STPS-2004.Mexican National standard:“Norma Oﬁcial Mexicana”.In Organización del trabajo-Seguridad en los procesos de sustancias químicas:(in Spanish),published in January2005.PEMEX.(2008).Corporate Standard:“Norma de Referencia NRF-018-PEMEX-2007“Estudios de Riesgo”(in Spanish),published in January2008. Venkatasubramanian,V.,Zhao,J.,&Viswanathan,S.(2000).Intelligent systems for HAZOP analysis of complex process puters&Chemical Engineering, 24(9e10),2291e2302.M.Pérez-Marín,M.A.Rodríguez-Toral/Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries26(2013)936e940 940。

Centro de Investigaci´o n y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Departamento de Ingenier´ıa El´e ctrica2nd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering(ICEEE)XI Conference on Electrical Engineering(CIE2005)Mexico City,MexicoSeptember7-9,2005Final Program&Abstract BookThis book was elaborated using L A T E X2e. CINVESTAV,August2005ContentsMessage from the conference chair4 Message from the Head of the EED5 2nd ICEEE-CIE Organizing Committee7 Topic Chairs8 Reviewers9 Final Program11 Courses19 Round table sessions21 General Information21 Keynote Speakers22 Plenary Conferences Abstracts23 Abstract Book27 Autor Index63Message from the conference chairWe begin our joint Conference,namely ICEEE-CIE2005,with the desire to meet col-leagues and friends from Mexico and abroad.We mean students,professors and pro-fessionals that design,develop and propose technological and engineering solutions for electrical and electronics systems,whether as research work or immediate application. Certainly,this Conference is an opportunity to do so.It is worth pointing out that it is the second time this technical forum is presented as an international event and whose diﬀusion has been excellent due to the means of the prestigious institution:the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,IEEE.In this respect,we are also grateful to Cinvestav by its support providing facilities andﬁnances.Looking at the ICEEE-CIE2005program,we can mention that the technical topics cover a wide spectrum of areas,namely in computer science,bioelectronics,communica-tion systems,solid-state electronics,VLSI design,electronic materials and mechatronics. They reﬂect modern engineering techniques and methods,which belong to those proposed by experienced experts that work in academia,laboratories and industry,in collaboration with students and specialized technicians.In summary,we are going to witness relevant results that might help ours,fulﬁlling the early objectives of this Conference.We realize that the quality of the selected papers for oral presentation is high due in part to the participation of foreign reviewers,who kindly accepted the silent task of eval-uating the original manuscripts in collaboration with national ones.We recognize that the participation of keynote speakers is a cornerstone on which this Conference builds its success.In particular,ﬁve full professors,each one invited by the Sections of the host Electrical Engineering Department,enhance this issue.Some words for visitors from abroad follow.Mexico is a modern Spanish-speaker coun-try,where the friendship is a distinctive gesture that foreigners always appreciate,there-fore,this event is a vehicle to try.Our city,which is taken into account as the largest in the world,is also warm even though its thoughtful people and Cinvestav is not the exception to the rule.In the context of both the initial preparation and theﬁnal process of setting details of the Conference,we want to thank to Mrs.Carmen Quintero,Judith Esparza,Anabel D´ıaz,Miguel-Angel Velasco,Emilio Espinosa,Gabriel Vega Mart´ınez and student Victor Ponce for oﬀering their timely and valuable skills.Finally,on behalf of the ICEEE-CIE2005organizing committee I welcome to everyone attending this fruitful three-day academic meeting.Likewise,enjoy your stay in our city! Sincerely,Felipe G´o mez-Casta˜n edaICEEE-CIE2005Conference Chair.Message from the Head of the EEDDear Coleagues:On behalf of the Electrical Engineering Department(EED)at the Center of Research and Advanced Studies(Cinvestav),it is my privilege to welcome you to the Second In-ternational Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering(ICEEE)and the XI Conference on Electrical Engineering(CIE).This occasion is quite special since we are celebrating eleven years of the CIE which has been organized as an annual event by the EED.Furthermore,we are initiating today a new adventure:The ICEEE organized for the this time in the EED’s Mexico city main campus.As you know,this time our venue is M´e xico,City where we expect an intensive interaction among scholars and electrical engineering practitioners from all over the world,especially,from the Americas.One of the main objectives of the ICEEE is to provide a forum to spread and promote the disciplines cultivated by the EED,namely:Bioelectronics,Communications,Com-puter Science,Mechatronics and Solid State Electronics.Likewise,this event represents an opportunity to make known scientiﬁc and technological contributions achieved by other Mexican institutes.Throughout its forty two years of existence and as its most important reason to be, the EED faculty has strived to promote science and technology in Mexico.Such task has not been only limited to pure academic developments but also has decisively con-tributed to improvements and developments in a variety of national industry products and applications.That is why the ICEEE and CIE-2005conferences have always had the presence of industry representatives whose participation we welcome.In this sense,the ICEEE comes to crown and consecrate the entire academic and research eﬀorts of the EED faculty during all these years.Given the rich diversity of Electrical Engineering disciplines cultivated by the EED,an international and national committee in diﬀerent specialties was assembled together to perform a rigorous review process of the submitted papers.In this way,we are in the position to guarantee both,the quality of the conference and the beneﬁt that all delegates can obtain from attending our ICEEE/CIEEE-2005conference.Attendees willﬁnd that there is a lot to learn from the scientiﬁc and technological exchange to be provided by this forum.Assistance willﬁnd an opportunity to increase their awareness of nowadays most relevant electrical engineering problems.For all the aforementioned,this even constitutes a high priority means to promote the technological advanced of our countries.Another milestone achieved recently by Cinvestav was our graduate student number 5324.Out of this number,the EED alone has contributed with824graduated students,be-ing the highest number ever obtained by any Electrical Engineering post-graduate school in Mexico.Finally,on behalf of all the faculty member of the EED,I would like to thank all those who have worked so hard to make these conferences possible.Particularly,we are grateful to our director,Rosalinda Contreras,to IEEE and to our sponsors for all the support given to us towards the organization of this event.We hope that you will enjoy the Conferences and that you willﬁnd some free time to relax and get to know the Mexico city.Ernesto SuasteHead of the EED2nd ICEEE-CIE Organizing Committee Dr.Felipe G´o mez-Casta˜n eda(Conference Chairman)Dr.Carlos Alvarado-Serrano(Proceedings Editor)Dr.Rafael Castro-Linares(Tutorials)Dr.Luis Gerardo de la Fraga(Technical Program)Dr.Felipe Alejandro Cruz-P´e rez(Advertising)Dr.Ernesto Suaste-G´o mez(Industrial Relations and Exhibit)Dra.Xiaoou Li Zhang(Logistics)Technical SupportJudith Esparza(System and On-Line Submission)Ma.del Carmen Quintero(Administrative Assistant)Ricardo G´o mez(Exhibiting Assistant)Conference Management System CINVESTAV(On-Line Paper Submission and Reviewing System)Topic Chairs Bioengineering and Medical Electronics Electrical PowerElectronic CircuitsCarlos Alvarado SerranoCINVESTAV-IPN. Communication SystemsMauricio Lara-Barr´o nCINVESTAV-IPN.Computer ScienceXiaoou Li ZhangCINVESTAV-IPN.Solid-State Electronics and VLSI Semiconductor MaterialsMar´ıa de la Luz Olvera-AmadorCINVESTAV-IPN.Automatic Control and Mechatronics Rafael Castro-LinaresCINVESTAV-IPN.ReviewersAbraham Claudio S´a nchez.........................................CENIDET,M´e xico Aldo Orozco...............................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Alfonso Guti´e rrez Aldana...........................................CIC-IPN,M´e xico Andr´e s Iv´a n Oliva Arias...................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Ante Salcedo Gonz´a lez.................................................ITAM,M´e xico Antonio F Mondragon Torres..............................Texas Instruments,U.S.A. Arturo Escobosa...........................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Arturo Hern´a ndez Aguirre............................................CIMAT,M´e xico Arturo Morales-Acevedo...................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Arturo Veloz Guerrero...................................................Intel,M´e xico Arturo Vera Hern´a ndez....................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Carlos A.Coello Coello....................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Carlos Alberto Cruz Villar.................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Carlos Alvarado Serrano...................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Carlos Arist´o teles De La Cruz Blas...........Universidad P´u blica de Navarra,Espa˜n a Christopher Druzgalski...............................................CSULB,U.S.A. Claude Moog........................................................IRCCyN,France David H.Covarrubias Rosales.......................................CICESE,M´e xico Demetrio Villanueva Ayala.................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Deni L.Torres Rom´a n.....................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Dominique boratoire LSR Logiciels Systemes Resea,France Edgar Ch´a vez.............Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol´a s de Hidalgo,M´e xico Eduardo Moreno.............................................ICIMAF,CITMA,Cuba Ernesto Suaste.............................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Felipe Alejandro Cruz P´e rez...............................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Felipe G´o mez Casta˜n eda...................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Fernando Ram´ırez Mireles.............................................ITAM,M´e xico Francisco Javier Garc´ıa Ugalde................Facultad de Ingenier´ıa,UNAM,M´e xico Francisco J.Garc´ıa S´a nchez....................Universidad Sim´o n Bol´ıvar,Venezuela Francisco J.Ruiz-S´a nchez..................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Francisco Rodr´ıguez-Henr´ıquez.............................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Gabriel Romero Paredes Rubio............................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Giselle M.Galv´a n-Tejada..................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Guang-Bin Huang.......................Nanyang Technological University,Singapore Guillermo Morales-Luna...................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Henri Huijberts................................University of London,United Kingdom Horacio Soto Ortiz..................................................CICESE,M´e xico Ieroham Baruch...........................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Isaac Rudomin.................................................ITESM-CEM,M´e xico Javier E.Gonz´a lez Villarruel.........................................ITESM,M´e xico Jes´u s Carrillo L´o pez...........................................BUAP,Puebla,M´e xico Joaquin Alvarez.....................................................CICESE,M´e xico Jorge Carlos Mex Perera.........................ITESM,Campus Monterrey,M´e xicoJos´e Alfredo´Alvarez-Ch´a vez.............University of Southampton,United Kingdom Jos´e Luis Medina Monroy...........................................CICESE,M´e xico Jos´e Luis Ramos Quirarte........................Universidad de Guadalajara,M´e xico Jos´e Miguel Rocha P...............Freescale Semiconductor,Motorola Puebla,M´e xico Jose Rosario Gallardo Lopez.........................................CICESE,M´e xico Juan Humberto Sossa Azuela.......................................CIC-IPN,M´e xico Juan Manuel Hern´a ndez Cid..........................................ITESO,M´e xico Luis Gerardo de la Fraga...................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Manuel Duarte-Mermoud.................................Universidad de Chile,Chile Maria De La Luz Olvera Amador..........................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Mariano Aceves Mijares......................................INAOE,Puebla,M´e xico Mario Alfredo Reyes Barranca.............................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Mauricio Lara.............................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Mauricio Ortega L´o pez....................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico M´a ximo L´o pez-L´o pez......................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico MengChu Zhou...........................................................NJIT,USA Miguel´Angel Le´o n Ch´a vez....................................BUAP,Puebla,M´e xico Miguel Garc´ıa-Rocha......................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Mohamed Moustafa Abd-El Aziz Moustafa.......The Cabinet-Information&DecisionSupport.Egypt Oscar Castillo...............................Instituto Tecnol´o gico de Tijuana,M´e xico Oscar D´ıaz...................................University of the Basque Country,Spain Pablo Rogelio Hern´a ndez Rodr´ıguez........................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Rafael Castro-Linares......................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Ram´o n Mart´ın Rodr´ıguez Dagnino...............ITESM,Campus Monterrey,M´e xico Ram´o n Parra Michel............................ITESM Campus Guadalajara,M´e xico Ram´o n Pe˜n a Sierra........................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Ricardo G´o mez Villanueva.................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Roberto Mu˜n oz Guerrero..................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Rodolfo Quintero Romo....................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Rogelio Alc´a ntara Silva.......................Facultad de Ingenier´ıa,UNAM,M´e xico Valeri Kontorovich Mazover................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Vicente Parra Vega........................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Xiaoou Li..................................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xico Yasuhiro Matsumoto.......................................CINVESTAV-IPN,M´e xicoFinal ProgramWednesday7,September2005Auditory Room1Room2 8:309:30Registration9:309:50Opening Ceremony10:0011:00PLE1EP11SSE1111:0011:30Break Break Break11:3012:30CS1EP12SSE1212:3013:30CS1MEC11BIO1113:3015:00Lunch Lunch Lunch15:0016:00CS2MEC12BIO1216:0017:00CS2COM1BIO217:0018:00-COM1BIO218:00-Welcome cocktailThrusday8,September2005Auditory Room1Room2 9:0010:00COM2SSE2BIO3 10:0011:00PLE2SSE2BIO3 11:0011:30Break Break Break 11:3012:30PLE3COM3EP2 12:3013:30Round-T1COM3EP2 13:3015:00Lunch Lunch Lunch 15:0017:00CS31MEC21EP3 17:0017:30Break Break–17:3018:10CS32MEC22–Friday9,September2005Auditory Room1Room2 9:0010:00–EC1SEM1 10:0011:00PLE4EC1SEM1 11:0011:30Break Break Break 11:3012:30PLE5EC2SEM2 12:3014:00Round-T2EC2SEM2 14:00-Closing CeremonySymbol list:PLE PlenaryBIO Bioengineering and Medical ElectronicsCOM Communication SystemsCS Computer ScienceSSE Solid-State Electronics and VLSIMEC Mechatronics and Automatic ControlEC Electronic CircuitsSEM Semiconductor MaterialsEP Electrical PowerRound-T Round Table1CS1Computer ScienceWednesday11:30-13:30AuditoryChair:Dr.Luis Gerardo de la Fraga..................1.111:30-11:50.An Algorithm for Reduct of Boolean Functions Basedon Primes (27)1.211:50-12:10.A Virtual Machine for the Ambient Calculus (27)1.312:10-12:30.Algorithms for Robust Graph Coloring on Paths (27)1.412:30-12:50.Animation of Deformable Objects Built with SimplexMeshes (27)1.512:50-13:10.Mathematical Tools for Speeding Up the Determina-tion of Conﬁgurations of the n-Dimensional Orthogonal Pseudo-Polytopes (28)1.613:10-13:30.Non-Linear Filters for colour imaging implemented byDSP (28)2CS2Computer ScienceWednesday15:00-17:00AuditoryChair:Dra.Xiaoou Li...........................2.115:00-15:20.Environmental Sounds Recognition System Using theSpeech Recognition System Techniques (28)2.215:20-15:40.Analysis of Audio Watermarking Schemes (29)2.315:40-16:00.Wavelet Domain Statistical Order Filter using the Tri-State Median Filter Algorithm (29)2.416:00-16:20.Analysis of a DFT-Based Watermarking Algorithm..292.516:20-16:40.Implementation of Artiﬁcial Neural Networks for Recog-nition of Target and Clutter Images (30)2.616:40-17:00.SIMD Architecture for Image Segmentation using So-bel Operators Implemented in FPGA Technology (30)3CS31Computer ScienceThursday15:00-17:00AuditoryChair:Dr.Arturo D´ıaz P´e rez.......................3.115:00-15:20.Mobile RFID Reader with Database Wireless Synchro-nization (30)3.215:20-15:40.Experimental Analysis of Wireless Propagation Modelswith Mobile Computing Applications (31)3.315:40-16:00.Performance Analysis of the Conﬁdentiality SecurityService in the IEEE802.11using WEP,AES-CCM,and ECC (31)3.416:00-16:20.A Tool for Analysis of Internet Metrics (31)3.516:20-16:40.A Library Framework for the POSIX Application-Deﬁned Scheduling Proposal (31)3.616:40-17:00.Dynamic invocation of Web services by using aspect-oriented programming (32)4CS32Computer ScienceThursday17:30-18:10AuditoryChair:Dr.Arturo D´ıaz P´e rez.......................4.117:30-17:50.LIDA/REC Visual Language for Databases interfacePostgreSQL (32)4.217:50-18:10.Aspect-Oriented Web Services Orchestration (33)5COM1Communication SystemsWednesday16:00-18:00Room1Chair:Dr.Aldo Gustavo Orozco Lugo.................5.116:00-16:20.Adaptive Echo Canceller Using a Modiﬁed LMS Algo-rithm (33)5.216:20-16:40.The Universality of the Prolate Spheroidal Wave Func-tions for Channel Orthogonalization and its Modeling (33)5.316:40-17:00.On the generalized and modiﬁed Suzuki model(GMSM):approximations and level crossing statistics (34)5.417:00-17:20.On MIMO Space-Time Coded Systems:Unleashingthe Spatial Domain (34)5.517:20-17:40.On the design of an FPGA-Based OFDM modulatorfor IEEE802.11a (34)5.617:40-18:00.DSP Digital Modulation Software Implementation andRF Impairments Analysis (35)6COM2Communication SystemsThursday9:00-10:00AuditoryChair:Dr.Javier Gonz´a lez........................6.19:00-9:20.State of the Art in Ultra-Wideband Antennas (35)6.29:20-9:40.Design and Simulation of a1to14GHz BroadbandElectromagnetic Compatibility DRGH Antenna (35)6.39:40-10:00.RF System Concepts Applied to Digital Wireless Re-ceivers Design Based on wireless standards (36)7COM3Communication SystemsThursday11:30-13:30Room1Chair:Dra.Giselle Galv´a n Tejada...................7.111:30-11:50.Design of a Backup Wireless Network for the Depart-ment of Electrical Engineering of CINVESTAV-IPN (36)7.211:50-12:10.Cell Planning Based on the WiMax Standard for HomeAccess:A Practical Case (36)7.312:10-12:30.Performance Analysis of an All-Optical WavelengthConverter Using a Semiconductor Optical Ampliﬁer Simulator (37)7.412:30-12:50.Quasi Mobile IP-based Architecture for Seamless In-terworking between WLAN and GPRS Networks (37)7.512:50-13:10.Design and Veriﬁcation Based on Assertions:SomeStatistics (37)7.613:10-13:30.Traﬃc Analysis for IP Telephony (38)8BIO11Bioengineering and Medical ElectronicsWednesday12:30-13:30Room2Chair:Dr.Pablo Rogelio Hern´a ndez Rodr´ıguez...........8.112:30-12:50.A Microprocessor-Based System for Pulse-Echo Over-lap Measurement of Ultrasonic Velocity (38)8.212:50-13:10.Rotation Eﬀects of an Axicon Ultrasonic Transducerwhen Measuring a Blood Flow Rate (38)8.313:10-13:30.Experimental Estimation of Acoustic Attenuation andDispersion (38)9BIO12Bioengineering and Medical ElectronicsWednesday15:00-16:00Room2Chair:Dr.Pablo Rogelio Hern´a ndez Rodr´ıguez...........9.115:00-15:20.New X-wave Solutions of Isotropic/Homogenous ScalarWave Equation (39)9.215:20-15:40.Feasibility study of using ultrasonic transducer borderwaves for centering hydrophones in ultrasonicﬁeld characterization399.315:40-16:00.ELF magneticﬁelds generator,variable in intensityand frequency for biological applications (39)10BIO2Bioengineering and Medical ElectronicsWednesday16:00-18:00Room2Chair:Dr.Roberto Mu˜n oz Guerrero..................10.116:00-16:20.Automatic Detection of ECG Ventricular ActivityWaves using Continuous Spline Wavelet Transform (40)10.216:20-16:40.Crayﬁsh Brain States Characterization with WaveletTransform (40)10.316:40-17:00.Measurement of Skin-Electrode Impedance for a12-lead Electrocardiogram (41)10.417:00-17:20.Cancer Model Identiﬁcation Via Sliding Mode andDiﬀerential Neural Networks (41)10.517:20-17:40.Experimental Seat for the Study of the Eﬀects of Ran-dom Pneumatic Stimulation for the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers.41 11BIO3Bioengineering and Medical ElectronicsThursday9:00-11:00Room2Chair:Dr.Arturo Vera Hern´a ndez...................11.19:00-9:20.Foveal model of artiﬁcial retina with phototransistors inDarlington conﬁguration in the high-resolution region (42)11.29:20-9:40.Distributed Retinal Stimulation Model Based on Adap-tive System (42)11.39:40-10:00.Chromatic Pupillary Response in Diabetic Patients (42)11.410:00-10:20.Neuro Tracking Control for Glucose-Insulin InteractionModel (43)11.510:20-10:40.PVDF Strength Sensor for Biomechanical Analysis inMice (43)11.610:40-11:00.Conception and Realization of a3D Dynamic Sensoras a Tool in Human Walking Study (43)12MEC11Mechatronics and Automatic ControlWednesday12:30-13:30Room1Chair:Dr.Gerardo Silva Navarro....................12.112:30-12:50.New Results on the Energy-Based Control of SeriesResonant Inverters (44)12.212:50-13:10.Modeling and Controller Design of a Magnetic Levita-tion System (44)12.313:10-13:30.Global observability and detectability analysis for aclass of nonlinear models of biological processes with bad inputs..44 13MEC12Mechatronics and Automatic ControlWednesday15:00-16:00Room1Chair:Dr.Gerardo Silva Navarro....................13.115:00-15:20.On New Passivity Property:Review and Extension toMechanical Rotational Systems (44)13.215:20-15:40.Fault Detection Using Dynamic Principal ComponentAnalysis by Average Estimation (45)14MEC21Mechatronics and Automatic ControlThursday15:20-17:00Room1Chair:ardo Aranda Bricaire..................14.115:20-15:40.Stability of a diamond-type quasipolynomial family..4514.215:40-16:00.Lyapunov Matrices for Time Delay Systems (45)14.316:00-16:20.Lyapunov Matrices for Neutral Type Time Delay Sys-tems (45)14.416:20-16:40.Solving the Coupled Riccati Equation for the N-PlayersLQ Diﬀerential Game (46)14.516:40-17:00.Improving Stability and Performance in a GeneralizedMinimum Variance Controller using Dynamic Pole Assignment (46)15MEC22Mechatronics and Automatic ControlThursday17:30-18:50Room1Chair:Dr.Vicente Parra Vega......................15.117:30-17:50.Stable Task Space Neurocontroller for Robot Manipu-lators without Jacobian Matrix (46)15.217:50-18:10.New Position Controllers for Robot Manipulators (46)15.318:10-18:30.A design strategy of discrete event controllers for au-tomated manufacturing systems (47)15.418:30-18:plexity and Path Planning for a car-like robot..47 16SSE11Solid-State Electronics and VLSIWednesday10:00-11:00Room2Chair:Dr.Alfredo Reyes Barranca...................16.110:00-10:20.Morphological eﬀects and their relation with the elec-trical resistivity measured during the initial stages of growth ofAu/glas (47)16.210:20-10:40.Charging/discharging eﬀects in nc-Si/SiO2superlat-tice prepared by LPCVD (48)16.310:40-11:00.Eﬀect of Nitrogen in the Photoluminescence of SiliconRich Oxideﬁlms prepared by LPCVD (48)17SSE12Solid-State Electronics and VLSIWednesday11:30-12:30Room2Chair:Dr.Alfredo Reyes Barranca...................17.111:30-11:50.SnO2,SnO2/Ag and Ag/SnO2Thin Films used asPropane Sensors (48)17.211:50-12:10.Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Spin-Dipole Waves in theMillimeter Wave Range (48)18SSE2Solid-State Electronics and VLSIThursday9:00-11:00Room1Chair:Dr.Jos´e A.Moreno Cadenas..................18.19:00-9:20.Polyimide Passivation Approaches on Double-Mesa Thyris-tors (49)18.29:20-9:40.A Low-Power Bootstrapped CMOS Full Adder (49)18.39:40-10:00.An Improved EKV Model for Partially Depleted SOIDevices (49)18.410:00-10:20.Macromodel for CMOS Photogate-Type Active PixelSensors (50)18.510:20-10:40.Linear theory of the thermoelectric cooling based onthe Peltier eﬀect (50)18.610:40-11:00.Fuzzy Equalizer in VLSI (50)18.711:00-11:20.1-D BJT Parameter Extraction for Cuasi-3D Simula-tion of Four-Layer Devices (50)19EP11Electrical PowerWednesday10:00-11:00Room1Chair:Ing.Jos´e A.Urbano Castel´a n..................19.110:00-10:20.Modeling of the Circuit Parameters of an Induction De-vice for Heating of a Non-Magnetic Conducting Cylinder by Meansof a Travel (51)19.210:20-10:ing Edsa on Radial Primary Feeder Capacitor Sizeand Location Simulation (51)19.310:40-11:00.A Complex Fault-Tolerant Power System Simulation.51 20EP12Electrical PowerWednesday11:30-12:30Room1Chair:Ing.Jos´e A.Urbano Castel´a n..................20.111:30-11:50.Internal Winding Faults in Three-Phase Five-LimbTransformer (52)20.211:50-12:10.Analysis of the generator-transformer interaction inthe abc reference (52)21EP2Electrical PowerThursday11:30-13:30Room2Chair:Dr.Francisco Ru´ız S´a nchez...................21.111:30-11:50.Dinamics of Solar-Powerwd Fractional Horse PowerMotor (52)21.211:50-12:10.Sliding Mode Observer-Based Control for a Series Ac-tive Filter (53)21.312:10-12:30.Fuzzy Logic Enhanced Speed Control System of a VSI-Fed Three Phase Induction motor (53)21.412:30-12:50.Intelligent Control of the Regenerative Braking in anInduction Motor Drive (53)21.512:50-13:10.Analysis of Propulsion Systems in Electric Vehicles..54 22EP3Electrical PowerThursday15:20-17:00Room2Chair:To be deﬁned............................22.115:20-15:40.Electrical Network Simulation for Increasing Quality.5422.215:40-16:00.A trust-region algorithm based on global SQP for re-active power optimization (54)22.316:00-16:20.Stability Analysis of Power Market with Bounded Ra-tionality Cournot Game (54)22.416:20-16:40.A RBFN Hierarchical Clustering Based Network Parti-tioning Method for Zonal Pricing (55)23EC1Electronic CircuitsFriday9:40-11:00Room1Chair:Dr.Hildeberto Jard´o n Aguilar.................23.19:40-10:00.MMIC Diﬀerential Ampliﬁer Implementation Based onRF&MW Analytical Tools (55)23.210:00-10:20.900MHz band class E PA using high voltage n-channeltransistors in standard CMOS technology (56)23.310:20-10:40.Eﬃcient Design Approach for a SiGe HBT OscillatorIncorporating Reﬂection Sapphire Loaded Cavity Resonator (56)。

PRESENTATION!!!

conclusion
• degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by indigenous microorganism is greater in those soils amended and aged with monoterpenes, than in freshly spiked and controlled group.
Overview
• background of this research paper • results of this experiment • possible reason for the results • how do we value this paper • conclusion
background
DE,1997.)
This paper aims to evaluate effects of monoterpene
amendments on the biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in freshly spiked and aged soil.
acclimation
Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in the presence of volatile organic compounds in soils under different vegetation types
presentors: Mengqian Liu Wanqiao Tan Tuo Zhang
Results of each soil types
freshly spiked soil
• • pine soil has greater total effect than oak and grass soil degradation rate of sterilize soil accouted for 2,4-Dichlorophenol natural loss

[课件]会议presentation PPT

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Symbiotic bacteria appear to mediate hyena social odors

Symbiotic bacteria appear to mediate hyenasocial odorsKevin R.Theis a,b,1,Arvind Venkataraman a,Jacquelyn A.Dycus a,Keith D.Koonter a,Emily N.Schmitt-Matzen a,Aaron P.Wagner b,Kay E.Holekamp b,c,2,and Thomas M.Schmidt a,b,2Departments of a Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and c Zoology and b BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action,Michigan State University, East Lansing,MI48824Edited by E.Peter Greenberg,University of Washington,Seattle,WA,and approved October15,2013(received for review April6,2013)All animals harbor beneﬁcial microbes.One way these microbes can beneﬁt their animal hosts is by increasing the diversity and efﬁcacy of communication signals available to the hosts.The fermentation hypothesis for mammalian chemical communication posits that bacteria in the scent glands of mammals generate odorous metabolites used by their hosts for communication and that variation in host chemical signals is a product of underlying variation in the bacterial communities inhabiting the scent glands. An effective test of this hypothesis would require accurate surveys of the bacterial communities in mammals’scent glands and com-plementary data on the odorant proﬁles of scent secretions—both of which have been historically lacking.Here we use next-gener-ation sequencing to survey deeply the bacterial communities in the scent glands of wild spotted and striped hyenas.We show that these communities are dominated by fermentative bacteria and that the structures of these communities covary with the vol-atile fatty acid proﬁles of scent secretions in both hyena species. The bacterial and volatile fatty acid proﬁles of secretions differ between spotted and striped hyenas,and both proﬁles vary with sex and reproductive state among spotted hyenas within a single social group.Our results strongly support the fermentation hy-pothesis for chemical communication,suggesting that symbiotic bacteria underlie species-speciﬁc odors in both spotted and striped hyenas and further underlie sex and reproductive state-speciﬁc odors among spotted hyenas.We anticipate that the fermentation hypothesis for chemical communication will prove broadly appli-cable among scent-marking mammals as others use the technical and analytical approaches used here.animal behavior|animal communication|microbiomeE very animal is populated by communities of microbes thatcan profoundly affect its biology,often in beneﬁcial ways(1, 2).Indeed,symbiotic microbes are critical contributors to animal nutrition and immune health,and they serve as important cata-lysts for the effective development and functioning of animal tissues and neural circuitry(2–5).It also is becoming apparent that symbiotic microbes can extend host behavioral phenotypes in beneﬁcial ways,including facilitating their feeding,antipred-ator,reproductive,and communicative behaviors(6,7).An effective communication system is a critical component of an animal’s behavioral repertoire,and one way in which symbi-otic microbes might contribute to their hosts’behavioral phe-notypes is by increasing the diversity and/or efﬁcacy of the signals available to them(6,8).Most animals communicate to some extent via chemical means,and mammals in particular often rely on odorous secretions from integumental scent glands to signal conspeciﬁcs(8–10).These glands occupy myriad locations on mammals’bodies and are typically warm,moist,nutrient-rich, and largely anaerobic.As such,they are conducive to the pro-liferation of symbiotic,particularly fermentative,bacteria(10). The fermentation hypothesis for mammalian chemical commu-nication posits that as bacteria ferment or otherwise metabolize the nutrient-rich substrates in these glands,they generate odor-ous metabolites that subsequently are used by their hosts to communicate with conspeciﬁcs(6,10–12).The hypothesis further suggests that variation in chemical signals among mammals with specialized scent glands results largely from an underlying vari-ation in the odor-producing bacterial communities within these glands.If this hypothesis is true,then(i)mammalian scent gland secretions should contain fermentative,odor-producing bacteria, (ii)the bacterial and odor proﬁles of secretions should covary, and(iii)these proﬁles should vary with the host characteristics being signaled,such as species identity,group membership,sex, or reproductive state(6).Effective testing of these predictions of the fermentation hy-pothesis requires accurate surveys of the bacterial communities in the scent gland secretions of mammals as well as comple-mentary data on the odorant proﬁles of these secretions.His-torically,technical limitations of cultivation-based surveys and, to a lesser extent,molecularﬁngerprinting surveys,of symbiotic bacteria have impeded our ability to test these predictions ef-fectively because these approaches often underestimate the ac-tual diversity in bacterial communities(6,13).As a consequence, evaluations of the hypothesis typically have concluded that the bacterial diversity in integumental scent gland secretions is in-sufﬁcient to underlie the observed diversity of chemical signals (6,14).In a recent study,we used next-generation sequencing to thoroughly survey the bacterial communities in the scent gland secretions of adult female spotted hyenas,Crocuta crocuta(15). That study revealed more types of bacteria than the15previous surveys of specialized mammalian scent glands combined and demonstrated that most of these bacteria were members of fer-mentative,odor-producing clades.It also revealed that the bac-terial communities in scent secretions varied among hyenasocialAuthor contributions:K.R.T.,A.V.,K.E.H.,and T.M.S.designed research;K.R.T.,A.V.,J.A.D., K.D.K.,E.N.S.-M.,and A.P.W.performed research;K.R.T.,A.V.,and J.A.D.analyzed data; and K.R.T.,A.V.,J.A.D.,A.P.W.,K.E.H.,and T.M.S.wrote the paper.The authors declare no conﬂict of interest.This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.Data deposition:The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the Gen-Bank database(accession nos.KC705471–KC706325).1To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail:theiskev@.2K.E.H.and T.M.S.contributed equally to this work.This article contains supporting information online at /lookup/suppl/doi:10. 1073/pnas.1306477110/-/DCSupplemental.19832–19837|PNAS|December3,2013|vol.110|/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1306477110groups,suggesting that their diversity was suf ﬁcient to explain social group-speci ﬁc odors in spotted hyenas (16).Although that study afforded support for the fermentation hypothesis,it did not include complementary data on the odor pro ﬁles of hyena scent gland secretions —data needed to evaluate the hypothesis ef-fectively —and the scope of host traits considered was limited.Here we concurrently analyze the bacterial and odor pro ﬁles of scent gland secretions collected from wild spotted and striped hyenas,Hyaena hyaena ,in Kenya (Fig.S1)to determine whether the two pro ﬁles covary in each species and to ascertain the extent to which the two pro ﬁles vary with hyena species,sex,and,in the spotted hyena,female reproductive state.The lifestyles of spotted and striped hyenas differ greatly.Spotted hyenas —found throughout sub-Saharan Africa —live in large,hierarchically structured groups,called clans,that typically contain 40–80individuals (17).Clans include multiple breeding males and multiple overlapping generations of females,and adult members cooperatively maintain and defend their group ’s territory against neighboring clans (18).To mediate the complex social relationships within and among clans,spotted hyenas use a rich repertoire of tactile,visual,vocal,and chemical signaling behaviors (19,20).In contrast,striped hyenas —found in North,West,and East Africa —live in small groups containing one or two reproductively mature females and one or more adult males (21).Although the home ranges of group members overlap con-siderably,striped hyenas usually rest,travel,and forage alone;therefore they seldom interact directly with groupmates (21).Little is known of striped hyena communicative behavior,es-pecially in natural populations,but striped hyenas appear to have a very modest vocal signaling repertoire,with no long-distance vocalizations (22).Therefore,among striped hyenas,chemical signaling likely serves a prominent role in territorial be-havior and potentially in reproduction as well.Despite their very different lifestyles,spotted and striped hyenas both commonly exhibit a conspicuous chemical signaling behavior called “pasting,”a form of scent marking in which a hyena deposits an odorous secretion,called “paste,”from its subcaudal scent pouch on a grass stalk (20,22).The major vol-atile constituents in paste are volatile fatty acids (VFAs),esters,hydrocarbons,alcohols,and aldehydes (23,24).Previous inves-tigations have shown that the odors of spotted hyena pastes varywith individual identity,group membership,sex,and,potentially,female reproductive state (16,24,25).Effects of striped hyena traits on paste odors have not yet been investigated.This study of mammalian scent marking marries data from in-depth,next-generation bacterial surveys with targeted odor anal-yses of scent secretions from natural populations.We show that the bacterial communities in hyena pastes are dominated by fermentative bacteria and that the structures of these com-munities covary with the VFA pro ﬁles of pastes.Furthermore,we show that the bacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of paste differ be-tween spotted and striped hyenas and that,among spotted hye-nas in the same social group,both pro ﬁles vary with hyena sex and reproductive state.As such,this study illustrates that the diversity of symbiotic bacterial communities in paste appears suf ﬁcient to underlie chemical signaling of host traits in hyenas and affords strong empirical support for the fermentation hy-pothesis for chemical communication.ResultsThe Bacterial and VFA Pro ﬁles of Adult Spotted and Striped Hyena Pastes Are Markedly Different.Scanning electron micrographscon ﬁrmed that the scent glands of spotted and striped hyenas were inhabited by symbiotic (i.e.,resident)microbes (Fig.S2).Subsequent 16S rRNA gene surveys using an operational taxo-nomic unit (OTU)de ﬁnition of 97%homologous nucleotide base similarity revealed that the bacterial communities in spotted and striped hyena pastes were markedly different but that each was dominated by fermentative anaerobes.The structure of bacterial communities in adult spotted hyena pastes differed markedly from those in the pastes of adult striped hyenas (Fig.1A and B and Dataset S1A and C )sampled either in Laikipia [analyses of similarity (ANOSIM),R =1.0,P =0.0001]or Shompole (R =1.0,P =0.0001).There was much greater variation in the structure of bacterial communities among the pastes of spotted than striped hyenas [permutational tests of multivariate dispersions (PERMDISP);Masai Mara National Reserve (MMNR)(0.387±0.092)ikipia (0.131±0.023),P =0.0001;MMNR vs.Shompole (0.144±0.030),P =0.0001;Fig.1A )].The paste bacterial communities of spotted hyenas also were more OTU-rich (Chao1index;t unequal var.=2.55,P =0.018;Table S1).Last,membership in paste bacterialcommunitiesFig.1.Differences in the bacterial (OTU)and VFA pro ﬁles of the pastes of adult spotted and striped hyenas.(A )A nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS)plot showing a difference in structure (Bray –Curtis index)between the paste bacterial communities of adult spotted hyenas from the MMNR and adult striped hyenas from Laikipia and Shompole.(B )A Clearcut cladogram (26)of the prominent (i.e.,top 15based on average abun-dance)OTUs in the pastes of hyenas from the three populations and an accompanying heat map re ﬂect-ing the mean abundances (out of 1,600sequences)of these OTUs in pastes.These data were log-transformed before plotting (values in parenthe-ses).Order-and genus-level classi ﬁcations of OTUs,as determined by the Ribosomal Database Project ’s Classi ﬁer (27),are noted also.(C )An nMDS plot showing a difference in structure between the paste VFA pro ﬁles of spotted and striped hyenas.(D )A heat map of the mean percent abundances of VFAs in the pastes of hyenas from the three pop-ulations.Sample sizes were 19,13,and 9for MMNR,Laikipia,and Shompole,respectively.Theis et al.PNAS |December 3,2013|vol.110|no.49|19833E C O L O G Ydiffered between the two hyena species (Jaccard index,ANOSIM;MMNR ikipia:R =1.0,P =0.0001;MMNR vs.Shompole:R =1.0,P =0.0001;Fig.1B and Table S2)(26,27).The great majority of bacteria (>95%of sequences)in the pastes of both hyena species were members of the order Clostridiales —fermen-tative anaerobes —in the phylum Firmicutes (28).Less than 1%of Clostridiales sequences in striped hyena pastes were assigned to previously characterized genera (Table S2).In contrast,the Clostridiales in spotted hyena pastes were primarily members of the genera Anaerococcus ,Clostridium ,Fastidiosipila ,Fine-goldia ,Murdochiella ,Peptoniphilus ,and Tissierella .Spotted hy-ena pastes also consistently contained fermentative genera outside the phylum Firmicutes,such as Corynebacterium ,Pro-pionibacterium (both Actinobacteria),Porphyromonas (Bacter-oidetes),and Fusobacterium (Fusobacteria)(28–33).At an OTU level,only 11of 461OTUs were shared between the pastes of adult spotted hyenas and those of adult striped hyenas from at least one population.Two were prominent (i.e.,among the top 15based on average sequence abundance)members of bacterial communities in striped hyena paste (OTUs 0003and 0180),but none were prominent in spotted hyena pastes.Importantly,microbial biogeography alone cannot explain the observed differences in the membership of the paste bacterial communities in adult spotted and striped hyenas.First,although they were not present in the pastes of adult striped hyenas,13of the 15top OTUs in the pastes of MMNR spotted hyenas were present in the pastes of at least one juvenile striped hyena fromLaikipia or Shompole,indicating that these OTUs were not restricted geographically to the MMNR.Second,the bacterial communities in the pastes of two spotted hyenas sampled ser-endipitously in Shompole clustered with bacterial communities from MMNR spotted hyenas rather than with those from sym-patric striped hyenas (Fig.S3).In addition to containing disparate bacterial communities,the pastes of adult spotted and striped hyenas had markedly differ-ently VFA pro ﬁles (ANOSIM;MMNR ikipia:R =0.770,P =0.0001;MMNR vs.Shompole:R =0.727,P =0.0001;Fig.1C and D ).The VFA pro ﬁles of spotted hyena pastes differed from those of striped hyenas in Laikipia and Shompole in nearly identical ways (Dataset S1B and C ),again indicating that bio-geography is not a primary factor in species differences.The pastes of spotted hyenas had higher percentages of acetic,prop-anoic,butanoic,pentanoic,and hexanoic acids than those of stri-ped hyenas,whereas the pastes of striped hyenas had much higher percentages of isopentanoic acid (Fig.1D and Dataset S1B and C ).As with bacterial pro ﬁles,there was much greater variation in the VFA pro ﬁles of the pastes of spotted than striped hyenas (PERMDISP;MMNR (0.268±0.106)ikipia (0.114±0.029):P =0.0001;MMNR vs.Shompole (0.096±0.060):P =0.0001;Fig.1C ).The Bacterial and VFA Pro ﬁles of Spotted Hyena Pastes Covary,and Within a Hyena Clan Both Pro ﬁles Vary with Sex and Reproductive State.The bacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of paste covaried amongspotted hyenas from the general MMNR population (Mantel test,R =0.437,P =0.0002),and the Talek clan (R =0.565,P =0.0001).There also was strong covariance between the OTU –VFA correlation matrices of MMNR and Talek pastes (corre-lation r ,Mantel test,R =0.721,P =0.0003;analysis of 10shared prominent OTUs;Fig.S4),indicating that the abundance of speci ﬁc OTUs correlated with the relative abundance of speci ﬁc VFAs in similar ways at population and clan levels.At the population level,there was a tendency for the bacterial pro ﬁles of paste to differ between male and female spotted hyenas (ANOSIM,R =0.113,P =0.0792),but there was not a consistent effect of sex on the VFA pro ﬁles of paste (R =−0.011,P =0.4427).Still,the bacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of paste did covary among both MMNR males (Mantel test,R =0.393,P =0.0397)and females (R =0.400,P =0.0231).Among members of the Talek clan,there were pronounced effects of both sex and female reproductive state on the bacterial pro ﬁles of paste (Fig.2A and B ,Table 1,and Dataset S1D and F ).The bacterial communities in the pastes of Talek males,lactating females,and pregnant females contained similar num-bers of OTUs (Chao1index,ANOVA,F 2,12=2.033,P =0.1600;Table S1).However,bacterial communities in the pastes of males and lactating females were more even than those associ-ated with pregnant females (Simpson index,ANOVA,F 2,18=8.876,P =0.0021;male vs.pregnant female:Tukey ’s test,Q =5.90,P =0.0017;lactating female vs.pregnant female:Q =3.67,P =0.046;Table S1),largely because the bacterial communities in the pastes of pregnant females were dominated by members of OTU 0001(Dataset S1D and F ).Overall,there were 343OTUs in the pastes of Talek hyenas;120OTUs were exclusive to Talek males,54were exclusive to lactating females,and 46were ex-clusive to pregnant females.Few exclusive OTUs were wide-spread among their respective host class,and those that were widespread were minor members of their communities.In gen-eral,Talek males,lactating females,and pregnant females shared the prominent members of their paste bacterial commu-nities,but the relative abundances of these members varied with host sex and reproductive state (Fig.2B ,Table 1,and Dataset S1D and F ).The VFA pro ﬁles of paste also varied among Talek males,lactating females,and pregnant females (Fig.2C and D ,Table 1,and Dataset S1E and F ).The pastes of females,especially pregnant ones,had higher percentages of pentanoic,hex-anoic,and heptanoic acids,whereas the pastes of TalekmalesFig.2.Variation in the bacterial (OTU)and VFA pro ﬁles of the pastes of immigrant male,lactating female,and pregnant female spotted hyenas in the Talek clan.(A )An nMDS plot showing variation in the structure (Bray –Curtis index)of paste bacterial communities among Talek clan members.(B )A heat map of the mean abundances (out of 1,600sequences)of the prominent (i.e.,top 15based on average abundance)OTUs in the pastes of Talek hyenas.These data were log-transformed before plotting (values in parentheses).(C )An nMDS plot showing variation in the structure of paste VFA pro ﬁles in Talek hyenas.(D )A heat map of the mean percent abun-dances of VFAs in the pastes of Talek hyenas.Seven hyenas were sampled from each reproductive class.19834|/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1306477110Theis et al.had higher percentages of acetic,propanoic,isobutanoic,and butanoic acids.Notably,the structures of the bacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of paste covaried among Talek ’s lactating (Mantel test,R =0.7641,P =0.0001)and pregnant (R =0.3768,P =0.0468)females,and tended to covary among Talek ’s males (R =0.3077,P =0.0766).The Bacterial and VFA Pro ﬁles of Striped Hyena Pastes Covary.Thebacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of striped hyena pastes covaried (Mantel test,R =0.7697,P =0.0001),and this covariance was evident among pastes from both Laikipia (R =0.7176,P =0.0028)and Shompole (R =0.7952,P =0.0002).Furthermore,the OTU –VFA correlation matrices for Laikipia and Shompole covaried (correlation r ,Mantel test,R =0.2341,P =0.0461;Fig.S4),indicating that the abundance of speci ﬁc prominent OTUs correlated with the percent abundance of speci ﬁc VFAs in sim-ilar ways in the pastes of striped hyenas from the two different populations.The structure of paste bacterial communities differed between the Laikipia and Shompole populations (ANOSIM,R =0.5716,P =0.0001;Fig.3A and B and Dataset S1G and H ).Variation in bacterial community structure was very low within each pop-ulation,especially among adults (Fig.3A and Dataset S1H ).Membership of paste bacterial communities also differed be-tween the Laikipia and Shompole populations (Jaccard index,ANOSIM,R =0.5747,P =0.0001).There were 443OTUs in the pastes of striped hyenas;59were found exclusively in the Laikipia population,and 314were found exclusively in the Shompole population.However,very few of the exclusive OTUs (2/59,4/314)were found in more than half of the pastes from hyenas in the respective populations.In general,striped hyenas in Laikipia and Shompole shared the prominent members of their paste bacterial communities,but the relative abundances of these members differed between the two populations (Fig.3B and Dataset S1G and H ).As a potential consequence,there was a tendency for paste VFA pro ﬁles to differ between the Laikipia and Shompole populations as well (ANOSIM,R =0.1091,P =0.0508;Fig.3C and D ,Dataset S1G and H ).Controlled for source population,there was a modest effect of sex on the structure of bacterial communities in the pastes of striped hyenas (two-way ANOSIM;population:R =0.5563,P =0.0001;sex:R =0.1170,P =0.0382)but not on paste VFA pro ﬁles (population:R =0.0942,P =0.0933;sex:R =0.0281,P =0.2712).However,when controlled for source population,the bacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of pastes did covary among male and female striped hyenas (partial Mantel test;male:R =0.8446,P =0.0001;female:R =0.7397,P =0.0002).DiscussionWe tested ﬁrst predictions of the fermentation hypothesis for chemical communication in hyenas and showed that (i )hyena pastes contained fermentative bacteria,(ii )the bacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of hyena pastes covaried,and (iii )these pro ﬁles differed between hyena species and,within a spotted hyena clan,they varied with sex and reproductive state.The bacteria in hyena pastes belong to clades of fermentative bacteria whose metabolisms yield varying amounts of acetic,propanoic,isobutanoic,butanoic,isopentanoic,isohexanoic,and hexanoic acids (28–33).These differences suggest that variation in the structure of paste bacterial communities should result in variation in the structure of paste VFA pro ﬁles.Here we found that the structures of the bacterial and VFA pro ﬁles of hyena pastes strongly covaried.Prior studies using microbial ﬁngerprinting sur-veys revealed that the bacterial and odor pro ﬁles of human axillae covaried among people who adhered to presampling guidelines on bathing and deodorant use (34)and that the bacterial and odor pro ﬁles of the urine-marks of laboratory mouse strains,Mus domesticus ,were partially correlated (35).The current study fo-cused on wild populations of mammals,and showed strong,con-sistent covariance between the bacterial and odor pro ﬁles of mammalian scent gland secretions.The study also demonstratedTable 1.Nonparametric multivariate analyses of variance con ﬁrming that the bacterial (OTU)and VFA pro ﬁles of the pastes of Talek immigrant males,lactating females,and pregnant females varyComposition of paste OTU pro ﬁles (Jaccard index)Global effect F =2.468,P =0.0001Male ctating female F =2.485,P =0.0011Male vs.pregnant female F =3.070,P =0.0020Lactating vs.pregnant female F =1.757,P =0.0177Structure of paste OTU pro ﬁles (Bray –Curtis index)Global effect F =4.181,P =0.0001Male ctating female F =3.789,P =0.0006Male vs.pregnant female F =6.023,P =0.0007Lactating vs.pregnant female F =2.411,P =0.0398Structure of paste VFA pro ﬁles (Bray –Curtis index)Global effect F =16.23,P =0.0001Male ctating female F =5.779,P =0.0116Male vs.pregnant female F =43.81,P =0.0008Lactating vs.pregnant female F =9.209,P=0.0069Seven hyenas were sampled from each reproductiveclass.Fig.3.Differences in the bacterial (OTU)and VFA pro ﬁles of the pastes of striped hyenas in Laikipia and Shompole.(A )An nMDS plot showing a dif-ference between the structure (Bray –Curtis index)of paste bacterial com-munities in the Laikipia and Shompole populations.Lighter shading denotes samples obtained from juveniles.(B )A heat map of the mean abundances (out of 1,600sequences)of the prominent (i.e.,top 15based on average abundance)OTUs in the pastes of striped hyenas.These data were log-transformed before plotting (values in parentheses).(C )An nMDS plot of the structures of paste VFA pro ﬁles in Laikipia and Shompole.(D )A heat map of the mean percent abundances of VFAs in the pastes of striped hyenas from the two populations.Twenty striped hyenas were sampled from Laikipia (8male/12female),and 13(six male/seven female)were sampled from Shompole.Theis et al.PNAS |December 3,2013|vol.110|no.49|19835E C O L O G Ythat the two proﬁles covaried not only across but also within spe-cies,sex,and,in the spotted hyena,reproductive classes. There were robust effects of species identity on the bacterial and VFA proﬁles of hyena paste.Spotted and striped hyena pastes contained each of the VFAs studied here,but they were present in markedly different proportions.The two hyenas are sympatric in areas of West and East Africa,including Kenya (36),so thisﬁnding is consistent with it being advantageous for sympatric taxa to distinguish readily between the homologous signals of conspeciﬁcs and heterospeciﬁcs(37).Interestingly,the structures of spotted and striped hyena paste VFA proﬁles also differed in their degree of intraspeciﬁc variation,with variation among spotted hyena paste VFA proﬁles far exceeding the var-iation among striped hyena pastes.Given that spotted hyenas are highly social and striped hyenas are largely solitary,thisﬁnding is consistent with the social complexity hypothesis for animal sig-naling,which posits that frequent interactions in various contexts with many different individuals results in the evolution of more complex signaling systems(38,39).At the clan level,there was a pronounced effect of sex on both the bacterial and VFA proﬁles of spotted hyena paste.A prior study of a captive colony of spotted hyenas showed that they discriminated readily between the pastes of males and females in the colony,indicating that paste odor proﬁles,on a local scale, were sex speciﬁc(25).A different,population-level study of spotted hyenas in the Serengeti National Park,Tanzania,did not ﬁnd evidence that sex affected paste odor proﬁles(24).We also did notﬁnd a consistent effect of sex on the bacterial or VFA proﬁles of spotted hyena paste at the population level.The bacterial and odor proﬁles of spotted hyena pastes are generally clan speciﬁc(15,16).The purported mechanism for clan-speciﬁc paste odors is that clan members develop more homogeneous paste bacterial communities than the general population through cross-infection fostered by consistently overmarking the same pasting sites(12,15,16,40).Indeed,in this study,the structures of bacterial communities in the pastes of spotted hyena males and lactating females were more variable in the general MMNR population than in the Talek clan[PERMDISP;MMNR(0.387±0.092)vs.Talek(0.292±0.059),P=0.0017].Collectively,these data suggest that social interactions at the clan level(e.g.,sex-speciﬁc patterns in overmarking)may confound population-level analyses.Among striped hyenas,there was an effect of sex on the bacterial but not the VFA proﬁles of paste.Thisﬁnding suggests that,in the striped hyena,sex may not be communicated through paste or that it is communicated via volatiles other than those studied here.The reproductive state of female spotted hyenas substantially affected the structures of paste bacterial and VFA proﬁles. Pregnancy can dramatically alter mammalian oral,vaginal,and gut bacterial communities(41–43).Here we show that pregnancy can alter the microbiota of specialized signaling organs as well. During pregnancy,spotted hyena females have elevated levels of testosterone and estrogen(44,45).It is well established that steroid hormones are present in mammalian sebaceous and apocrine glands(i.e.,the machinery of scent glands)and that they affect gland morphology,production,and chemistry(6,46–48).It appears they also may affect the structures of bacterial communities in these glands in ways that could signal the re-productive state of female hosts effectively.This study provides strong empirical support for the fermen-tation hypothesis for chemical communication in hyenas.How-ever,two further predictions need to be tested.First,if symbiotic bacteria are the source of paste VFAs,then,if provided with appropriate growth conditions,paste cultivars should produce,to varying degrees,the VFAs studied here.Alternatively,their genomes should contain genes coding for the fermentation pathways leading to the production of these VFAs.Second,if the variation we found in paste VFA proﬁles has signaling relevance,then hyenas should discriminate among synthetic mixtures of these volatiles representing samples from this study. Importantly,we explicitly tested the fermentation hypothesis for chemical communication because it was proposed nearly40y ago to explain the scent marking systems of mammals(11,12), and many of the volatile components of hyena paste are known products of bacterial fermentation(23,24).However,extrapo-lated to a general symbiotic hypothesis for animal chemical communication,the fermentation hypothesis accommodates other odorous microbial metabolites(e.g.,longer-chain fatty acids and their esters),symbiotic microbes(e.g.,fungi and ar-chaea),signaled host characteristics(e.g.,genotype,health,and social status),and animal classes.In fact,the explanatory po-tential of this hypothesis is limited only by the capacity of hosts’social and physiological circumstances to alter the structure of their symbiotic microbial communities in ways that consequently affect hosts’odor proﬁles in signaling-relevant ways(6).There-fore,evaluating the potential of the symbiotic hypothesis for an-imal chemical communication will be a critical step in elucidating the contributions of symbiotic microbes to animal behavior. MethodsCollection of Scent Gland Secretions(Pastes).Pastes were collected directly from the subcaudal scent pouches of anesthetized(SI Methods)spotted hyenas in the MMNR(1994–2008)and striped hyenas in the Laikipia District (2001–2003)and at the Shompole and Olkirimatian Group Ranches(2007–2009;hereafter,“Shompole”),Kenya(Fig.S1).Paste samples were placed in sterile cryogenic vials,stored in liquid nitrogen,and transported to Michigan State University,where they remained frozen at−80°C until their bacterial and VFA proﬁles were determined(Table S3).The40sampled spotted hyenas resided in the north-central region of the MMNR.They represented the general MMNR population(nine males/10 females from>10clans)as well as a single,intensively studied clan(seven males/seven lactating females/seven pregnant females from the Talek clan). Only one individual,CNLF428,appeared in our prior study(15).Females from the general MMNR population were lactating when sampled.Talek lactating females did not give birth in the150d after they were sampled and therefore were,to the best of our knowledge,not pregnant[110d mean gestation time(19)].Talek pregnancies were conﬁrmed via ultrasound im-aging of fetuses and/or by the female giving birth within80d of being sampled.Juvenile spotted hyenas were not included in this study because they do not consistently produce appreciable amounts of paste(40).Paste samples were serendipitously obtained from two spotted hyenas in Shom-pole.These samples were large enough for us to characterize their bacterial but not their VFA proﬁles,so they were included only in a single supple-mental analysis(Fig.S3).The33sampled striped hyenas represented the general populations of the north-central Laikipia District(eight males/12 females)and Shompole(six males/seven females).They included both adults (22)and juveniles(11)and constituted all the individual striped hyenas for which paste samples were sufﬁciently large for bacterial and VFA analysis. Reproductive data were not available for adult female striped hyenas.Bacterial(OTU)Surveys of Pastes.DNA was extracted from paste sample aliquots(∼0.05g)using a MO BIO UltraClean fecal DNA kit.Bacterial16S rRNA genes in extractions were PCR ampliﬁed(SI Methods)using two broadly conserved,degenerate primers targeting the V6–V4variable regions of the16S gene(1046R:5′–CGACRRCCATGCANCACCT–3′;518F:5′–CCAG-CAGCYGCGGTAAN–3′).Nucleotide sequencing was performed on454GS FLX Titanium and GS Junior instruments at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole,MA,and at Michigan State University.Postsequencing,454 runﬁles were processed using mothur software(v.1.27.0;SI Methods)(49). Sequences were binned into OTUs based on a97%sequence similarity.Each paste bacterial community then was iteratively subsampled15times to the depth of the least-represented sample(1,600sequences),and the mean abundances of individual OTUs per sample were calculated and rounded to the nearest whole number.Theﬁnal data set contained865OTUs(471sin-gletons).Representative sequences of these OTUs and associated metadata are available in GenBank(accession nos.KC705471–KC706325)and Dataset S2.VFA Surveys of Paste.Branched and linear VFAs were extracted from ali-quots(0.025g)of paste using methyl tert-butyl ether as solvent.Speciﬁ-cally,we targeted acetic,propanoic,isobutanoic,butanoic,isopentanoic, pentanoic,isohexanoic,hexanoic,and heptanoic acids.Samples were an-alyzed using an Agilent Technologies’6890N/5973inert GC/MS system equipped with a30-m DB-wax column(250-μm inner diameter×0.25-μm ﬁlm thickness).One microliter of the sample was injected using an Agilent 7683auto-injector.Two blanks consisting of the solvent mixture spiked19836|/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1306477110Theis et al.。

2013年欧洲钛展会参会报告

ｔ／ａ增长至２．３２１× １０ｔ／ａ。日本同期从２．４５× １０ｔ／ａ增至６．３４×１０ｔ／ａ，是增幅最大的国家。另一方面，
展会是每年的１Ｏ月在美国召开，从本次开始，似乎有每年春天在欧洲举行的态势。下次会议将于２０１４
由于２０１２年海绵钛价格上涨，使较廉价的残钛的利用得以加速，加上加工材需求的停滞，各国海绵钛库存量都非常高，为此，预计２０１３年海绵钛需求量将减少，各国正在实施减产，其中减产幅度最大的
了２５．７％，较２０１２年第４季度的１３４００ｔ下降了２４．６％。并且，有业内人士表示，２０１３年第２季度
世界上几个主要国家对钛的需求表现各异，中
国海绵钛的生产量从２００１年的２５００ｔ增长到２０１１年的６５０００ｔ，加工材从４７００ｔ增长到５１００ｔ，其
减少。
较２０１２年同期的９９３０ｔ（２１８９万磅）下降了７．３％；生产价格指数较２０１２年第４季度下降了３．９％；钛
废料累计为１０１００ｔ，较２０１２年同期的１３６００ｔ下降
发展的“ 文艺复兴 ” 期已经过去，中国和俄罗斯表明

Presentation_XipLink-PEP-BSM-workshop

Introducing XipLink TechnologyCharlie Younghusband Senior Vice President Product Management & FounderSummer / Fall 2008XipLink Proprietary & ConfidentialXipLink is the technology leader in delivering industry standard bandwidth optimization products for satellite and wireless wide area networks. Our Mission is to leverage XipLink's proven software in our partner’s network solutions to economically balance wireless networks for optimal data performance and cost savings.XipLink PROPRIETARYPresentation OutlineBasic company introduction Standards & the Market Products – embedded and appliances & positioning for satcom Market changes from XipLink perspectiveXipLink IntroductionIndustry leader in standards-based SCPS TCP AccelerationSpace Communication Protocol Specification- Transport ProtocolSCPS-TP is a MIL / ISO standard (pronounced “skips”) I-PEP compliant – interoperable performance enhancing proxy Specifically designed for backward compatible TCP optimization Accelerates all TCP/IP traffic over high latency / high BER wireless networks XipLink remains the industry leader in portable SCPS software worldwideBusiness FoundationOriginally XipLink was a division of XiphosAerospace R&D for Canadian Space Agency, NASA, and othersProfitable for four yearsWorldwide VAR (domestic) and VAD (international) channel partnersFocus - SCPS-TP based wireless optimization software developmentXA - scalable family of wireless optimization appliances XE - embedded systems software for rapid integration in other systems Positioned for rapid OEM of appliances and Single Board ComputersXipLink TechnologyXipLink delivers three key wireless optimization functionsProtocol optimization features based on SCPS-TP industry standards High ratio on-the-fly string based data compression HTTP pre-fetch algorithms for faster web accessXA-Series Appliances and XE-Series Embedded softwareScalable appliances from 2 Mbps to 155 Mbps with reliability options Programs for rapid OEM of XA appliances by other vendors Embedded software for integrated wireless solutions Single board computers for integration in communication controllersConfigurable for any IP network topology (point-point, star or mesh)Network operator can enable and disable modules separately Fine tuning parameters within each module via GUI and CLI Match acceleration functions to the network type and usage for maximum capacityCustomer ReferencesProprietary & ConfidentialXipLink & StandardsStandards based technology But not prepared to sacrifice performance Not tied to a specific technology TDMARCS ProprietarySCPC Wireless Hybrid networks Multiple technologies (e.g. mobile applications that change bearers)SCPS-TP ProtocolXipLink TCP acceleration works across all topologiesSpace based or terrestrial wireless networks achieve maximum capacity Uses standard “TCP options” to negotiate SCPS enhancementsCompression / enhanced retransmission schemesTransparently splits TCP sessions for maximum capactiyApplications TCP IPSatellite or Wireless NetworkHigh Latency / High BER Large Asymmetry Applications TCP IP IP SCPS-TP Protocol IPIP IPTCP SCPS-TP -XIPLink SoftwareTCP SCPS-TPIP TCPXIPLink SoftwareOptimized Wireless LinkSummer / Fall 2008 XipLink Proprietary & ConfidentialTCP Options NegotiationTCP SYN PacketTCP SYN SCPS Capability Vector Data Compression Mode Other TCP OptionsTCP SYNSCPS Capability VectorData Compression ModeOther TCP OptionsTCP SYN ACK PacketDynamically negotiated wireless optimizationTCP Options NegotiationTCP SYN PacketTCP SYN SCPS Capability Vector Data Compression Mode Other TCP OptionsTCP SYNOther TCP OptionsTCP SYN ACK PacketTransparent connections using standard TCP – no optimization availableI-PEPInteroperable PEP (I-PEP) SCPS-TP limited to Satcom application (cut out spacecraft communications: e.g. best effort transport) Add additional options for interoperable or proprietary extensions Developed by SatLabs with ESA Support DVB-RCS permits physical/link layer interoperability, but not PEP interoperability But PEPs are a market requirement now! Thus, PEP technology that is also interoperable I-PEP Flexible for congestion control techniques Not so homogeneous that vendors cannot differentiate Other frameworks for vendor extensionsOption for non-transparent targeting E.g XipLink compression modesStar TopologyBased on SCPS-TP standards - wireless optimization is transparentWireless optimization is transparent to users and to the IP networkPolicy routing, Quality of Service, roaming, authentication systemsDynamic optimization operates over TDMA / DVB / SCPC Maximum capacity delivered over dynamic shared wireless networksStar Topology (Hub and Spoke)XipLinkMesh NetworksTransparent optimization between remote sitesNo pre-configuration or tunnels required to optimize any site to site traffic Scalable appliances and embedded software for remote sites / devicesImportant to match aggregate load expectations for site to site usersMesh Topology (Any-to-Any)XipLinkXipLink XipLink XipLinkMixed network topologiesWireless optimization can be transparently combined at central sitesA single XA-Series optimizer upstream supports multiple remote users Appliances scale to support large aggregate users at central site Wireless optimization occurs even when users roam between networks Remote users without optimization operate using traditional TCPTDMA SCPCXipLinkXipLinkXipLinkXipLinkInstallation FlexibilityClient PCXipLink (Bridge)10.0.0.250 /24XipLink (Router)Satellite LAN 10.0.0.100 /24 192.168.1.200 /24Server10.0.0.100 /24192.168.1.200 /24Optimizer Installed as Bridge or RouterRemote Sites typically use Bridging configuration with spare Hub Site installations typically use Router configurations with redundant appliancesSCPS and I-PEP VendorsSCPS is broadly supported SCPS focused vendorsVarious SCPS vendors and many embedded SCPS usersIncludes vendors such as Comtech EF Data, iDirectFree reference implementation of SCPS available (not for production use)Mandated by DoD/DISA Is enhanced TCP approach way to go? Yes… Most non-SCPS vendors have also come around to this approachCisco WAAS, ViaSatCareful! Some vendors have SCPS but enabling it disables other important functionalities!XipLink is ‘native’ SCPSI-PEP has limited publicity, focused mainly on SatLabs Also referenced as technique to use by DoD/Standard IP Modem No other near-standard available (Mentat/XTP was first, but no products on market anymore)XipLink TCP Acceleration ModesRate control modes and adaptive modes Our 2.5 release introduced a new rate control that is TDMA return channel friendly FULL link utilization on shared return channels across elastic loadsE.g. 100% utilization if terminal is the only transmitter; 100% of available bandwidth when network is highly contented Does require reasonable buffering in the terminalAlso have a programmable mode for responsive adaptation Supports adaptive modes for blind networks, QoS shaping intermediaries Highly tunable (thus can support any network topology) Integrated QoS (rate limiting, Weighted Fair Queuing, etc.)Data CompressionXipLink supports a streaming data compression solution Proprietary techniques Takes advantage of TCP’s in-order guarantee to operate on larger chunks of data for longer buffer historyMore efficient that packet based compression! (e.g. IPComp) No noticeable latency introducedMultiple data compression algorithms supported“X1”, “X2”.Adaptive engine to scale between them based on memory/load Results vary with data of course! 30% to 400% typicalUser Browses to Web SiteCompressed Data 30% to 400% benefitStream Based Compression Samples multiple PacketsXA 50 and XA 500XA 50Used in small office / home office or mobile vehicles Aggregate capacity = ~2Mbps (combined input / output) 50 TCP Sessions (typical web / email user = ~12 sessions) Small “set-top-box” form factor with front panel LED’sXA 500Used in small to medium offices or larger vehicles Aggregate capacity = ~4Mbps 500 TCP Sessions Small “set-top-box” form factor with front panel LED’sXA 2000 and XA 4000XA 2000Medium to large remote offices Aggregate capacity = ~8 Mbps 2000 TCP Sessions Small “set-top-box” form factor with front panel LED’s Optional “fail-to-wire” supportXA 4000Large remote office with high data usage or small Data Centers Aggregate capacity = ~16 Mbps 4000 TCP Sessions 1U x 19” rack mounted appliance with “fail-to-wire” support Active front panel LED’s for statusXA 10k and XA 30KXA 10KLarge Data Centers or Satellite / bandwidth aggregation hub sitesAggregate capacity = ~45 Mbps10,000 TCP Sessions1U x 19”rack mounted appliance with active status LED’sRedundant hot-backup appliance included (two standalone appliances)XA 30KLarge remote office with high data usage or small Data CentersAggregate capacity = ~155 Mbps30,000 TCP Sessions1U x 19”rack mounted appliance with active status LED’sRedundant hot-backup appliance included (two standalone appliances)XipLink Wireless OptimizationModel DescriptionXA-50XipLink Accelerator Appliance for small office or mobile office with support for up to 50sessions and aggregate capacity (In/Out) up to 2 Mbps. Set-top Form Factor. LED StatusLights.XA-500XipLink Accelerator Appliance for medium to large offices of up to 500 sessions andaggregate capacity (In/Out) up to 4 Mbps. Set-top Form Factor. LED Status Lights.XA-2000XipLink Accelerator Appliance for medium to large offices up to 2,000 sessions andaggregate capacity (In/Out) up to 8 Mbps. Set-top Form Factor. LED Status Lights.Optional Fail to Wire (FTW).XA-4000XipLink Accelerator Appliance for large offices, high data rate requirements or small datacenters of up to 4,000 sessions and aggregate capacity (In/Out) up to 16 Mbps. 1U RackMountable (19"). Active LCD Display. Supports Fail to Wire (FTW).XA-10K XipLink Accelerator Appliance for large data center, hub concentration and highbandwidth aggregation applications of up to 10,000 sessions and aggregate capacity(In/Out) up to 45 Mbps. Includes Hot Backup Appliance. 1U Rack Mountable (19").Active LCD Display.XA-30K XipLink Accelerator Appliance for extremely high data rates and hub concentrationapplications of up to 30,000 sessions and aggregate capacity (In/Out) up to 155 Mbps.Includes Hot Backup Appliance. 1U Rack Mountable (19"). Active LCD Display.Summer / Fall 2008Proprietary & ConfidentialXipLink Proprietary & ConfidentialTCP Acceleration with VPNXA-VPN Software module for XipLink appliancesCombined wireless optimization and IPSec VPN encryptionSupports AES 256 bit and SHA 256 shared integrity encryptionSingle tunnel (usually to HQ only) or split tunnelEasy to install menus and management access via SSHSNMP2c MIB’sScalable family reaches 1000 VPN tunnelsXE-Series Embedded SoftwareXE -Embedded SoftwareLicensed to equipment vendors and System IntegratorsIncluded in hardware and software devices to optimized data traffic.Designed for minimum resource utilization (low CPU and memory required)Sold as a complete Wireless Optimizer code base or by optimizer moduleIncludes the XipLink API (-sysctl-options for specifying data rate)Turnkey software solutions for FreeBSD / Linux / WindowsOne-time set-up support fee then unit royalty as equipment is soldSome customers have directly licensed XipLink source codeFor integration into other operating systems (e.g. Integrity)Wireless Optimization software is compiled with your kernel Overrides standard operating system TCP stack with dynamic optimizationCan still use all IP layer capabilities (fire walling, routing, etc.)Operates within a bounded memory budget as found on mobile handheldsXE-104 Single Board ComputerPC-104 Form FactorWireless optimizer on a single board computerEasy hardware integration with many satellite / wireless controllersAdds CPU and memory with wireless optimization softwareHigh operating temperatures for military and tactical applicationsFeature Description BenefitTCP Protocol Enhancements Most advanced TCP optimizations available -can beadapted for any wireless communications environment.Maximum bandwidth utilization.Dynamic Data Compression Intelligent compression algorithm minimizes data packets,maximizes link throughput. Operates on larger chunks ofdata than per-packet compression.Minimizes wireless link costs, especially for uncompressed data files and HTML pages. Tested ranges show averages of 30% to 100% gains.HTML Pre-Fetch Loads anticipated web page objects and graphics to theremote gateway in advance for rapid page delivery.Greatly enhances end user experience and optimizes personnel resources.SCPS-TP Standards-based Space Communications Protocol Standard(SCPS-TP) foundation leverages years of development.Saves capital / ops cost by using one standard for interoperable TCP acceleration features.Bridge Mode / Routing Mode Install into existing networks transparently with bridge modeor as standard IP router with support for OSPF, RIP & BGP.Lowers equipment cost and saves time with overall ease of installation system-wide.Dynamic Optimization(No Tunnel Configurations) Peers are automatically and immediately discovered ifinstalled –over any IP network including mesh topologies.Rapid deployment of resources with minimal impactto operations team and no remote site coordination.Redundancy & Fail-to-Wire Accelerators may be configured for fail to wire in bridgemode or use VRRP with hot-standby for full redundancy.Offers pricing options to match uptime needs & insures network SLA availability on hard/soft failure.Configuration Management -SNMP Control, save, upload configuration profiles and MIBinformation. Web GUI and Command Line Interface Ease of system-wide installation and monitoring. Fits “Manager of Managers”strategy.Kernel based software modules Critical for embedding in any system. Makes most efficientuse of available CPU and memory in small mobile devices.Rapid adoption into a wide variety of fixed and mobile controllers as well as man-portable systems.Quality of Service Prioritization of traffic using Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) &Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP) for QoS.Allows priority applications to use the network based on business need and maintain optimization.XA Accelerator –Feature SummaryXipLink Proprietary & Confidential Summer / Fall 2008Proprietary & ConfidentialXipLink Technology and ProductsHighly efficient kernel implementation, very flexiblePrice/capability positioningMost of this technology has been overpriced for the satellite market Sold Via International Value Added DistributorsProvide ready OEM solutionsFor built in optimization (modems or external, reduction of boxes) Scale to available CPU and memory resourcesEase of install and maintenanceBridged routerNo need to update based on application changesAppliances: Size, powerFeature complete network appliancesManagement, dynamic routing, redundancy, etc.Market changes2002-2005Prove IP over satellite worksStrong focus on raw user performanceHTTP Acceleration importantEfficiency not as important2006-Beyond Full bandwidth use, efficiency, costDecreased capital costsIncreased focus on compression technologiesDecreased focus on HTTP optimizationsStrong focus on valueCustomers not prepared to pay more for optimization equipment than modem & dish!PragmaticSatcom optimizationTCP/IP optimization is next big thing:Several years ago, various innovations in spot beams, higher frequencies contributed significant gains to satcom’scompetitivenessMore recently DVB-S2 has been a big deal in efficiency improvements for the physical & link layerNow is the time to look up the network stack for other opportunities to optimizethose who don’t will not be competitive.Thank YouSummer / Fall 2008XipLink ProprietaryXipLink Proprietary & Confidential。

bauma 2013在京举办新闻发布会

约ｌ万名专业观众，０占总观众数
量的四分之一。ｂｕ展会期在ａｍａ间，将举办专门的活动，如还例
投资，它不仅是东南亚地区最大的市场，其巨大的市场潜力也而
在不停地提升。届时ＶＤＭＡ将组
３５名参展商以及超过４万的２６２观众，出面积达Ｎ５．展５５。万ｍ。
办一次，有的参展厂商都可参所
加ｂｕ创新大奖的竞赛角逐，ａｍａ项目分为四大类：械、械配机机
件、究成果和设计。有的创研所新必须是和建筑机械、材设备建
国家为印度尼西亚。活动使得该ｂｕ的参展商能找到他们的合ａｍａ作伙伴，特别是在新兴经济体中，
２１年虽然存在欧元危机，０２但德国建筑行业实际上仍然保持了非
ｂｕ论坛，ａｍａ采矿行业的发展将
是一个中心话题，论坛上将有在许多来自采矿行业专业人士的
织一个关于印尼的特别活动。柯蝶芬女士称ｂｕ是行业ａｍａ
豳本刊记者谷雨檀／Ｕｕａ中国工程机械品牌网记者胡晓雯／ＸｉｏｅＧＹｔｎＨｕａｗｎ
主冒垂
的、球工程机械界最全大的盛会一德国慕尼黑第３届０
国际工程机械、业车辆、筑工建机械、山机械、矿零部件博览会
／＼
ｂｕ无疑是采矿业发展重点展ａｍａ

Presentation_SGPPL_2015 EN 6.0

We sell high performance PROPERTIES - friction, purity, barrier/permeability, optical and insulating – generally in the form of a surface.
• •
•
We sell solutions and not just products
One of the world’s
most innovative companies*
*Source: Thomson Reuters
3
350 years of history
Saint-Gobain diversifies into new markets and new products Refocus on materials with a high technology content and entry into building distribution and plasterboard Saint-Gobain celebrates its 350th anniversary
We are able to manufacture 10’s to 1,000,000,000’s of custom engineered – differentiated components Quality, product approvals, and product certifications are critical in our applications so we have a very strong application engineering and testing capability, as well as, the manufacturing infrastructure to support these certifications.

Solar Presentation for Shanghai Mar2013

Xinjiang
Beijing
Yellow Sea
Henan
Jiangsu
East China Sea
Hubei
Anhui
Sha
Zhejiang ngh Hunan Jiangxi Fujian Taiwan Guangxi Guangdong
ai
Yunnan
Guizhou
Hainan
South China Sea
A DRIVING FORCE FOR POWER Caterpillar: Green
VPSAMPLE 10
工业及流程工艺设施

化工 Chemicals
制药 Pharmaceuticals 食品及原料 Foods and Ingredients 奶制品 Dairies and Dairy Products
VPSAMPLE 13
热电联供的特点
同时产出电能和热能可用于蒸汽轮机或工业蒸汽
或两者并用系统效率极高系统可用率高连续运行
A DRIVING FORCE FOR POWER Caterpillar: Green
VPSAMPLE 14
热电联供的热电比
1538 º C
独立加热器或蒸汽发生器+电网供电

热电联供 Combined Heat and Power
- 热电联产 Cogeneration - 联合循环 Combined Cycle - 区域供热 District Heating
基荷供电 Base Load Power 分布式发电 Distributed Power 峰值发电 Peaking Power 备用/紧急发电 Standby/Emergency

NPR英语听力2013年01月合辑(word文本)2013-01-01

From NPR news in Washington, I am Jeanine Herbst.A meeting is underway at White House between Senate and House leaders at this hour,it's a final step and trying to find the final solution to avoid the looming fiscal cliff about automatic tax hikes and spending cuts.The President plans to offer scaled-down package that would prevent tax increases on income afford 2000 dollars or less.Some Senators are optimistic about the deal, Democratic Senator Charles Shumas says he thinks it can be reached.Repu blican Senator Bob Clarke agrees but,“Probably the worst case in area would come out this naming today, that is we will kick the can down the road, just , we will do some small deal, and we will create another fiscal cliff to deal with this fiscal cliff.”Clarke was interviewed on CBS this morning.A threatened port strike would have crippled the east and Golf coast, it's offer least a month, a federal mediator says contracts from more than 14,000 longshoremen has been extended for 30 days.Economists has feared the strike would cripple the US retail and manufacturing, parts of the economy.Jonas Gold With the Retail Federation, he says the extension take some of the pressure of both sides.“The pressure is gone, but this the hope that they can, get the final deal worked out, with another 30 days, we don't have to worried about another strike or shut down,towards the end of January.”The sticking point between the Union and the dork workers has been over the royalty payments to Union workers, based on cargo weight.Mediator say both paries have reached an agreement, in principle over that issue, but not giving details.A 23-year-old student who was the victim of gang-raped in India's Capital is fighting for her life, according to doctors at Singapore hospital, where she is being treated.From New Delhi, NPR's Julie McCarthy reports young woman remains on life-support and her condition is worsening.The patient just currently struggling against the odds.Kevin Lou, the CEO of Mount Elizabeth hospital in Singapore, he said that multidisciplinary team of specialist have been working tirelessly to treat the young woman.Doctors are quoted to say she has suffered significant brain injury, and she has infection in her lung and abdomen.Delhi police say the young student was beaten with iron rod , gang raped and thrown from the bus on December,16th.Her brutal case has united the rage in the country, the boiled over inter-violence protest in the Capital.The government has try to stem raising public anger, by promising safer streets, speeder trails of sexual crimes, on the consideration of the death penalty for the crime of rape.Julie McCarthy, NPR news, New Delhi.President Obama says he was the American original.General Norman Schwarzkopf died yesterday form complications of pneumonia after long illness.The Stormin Norman ,he led the successful US ejection of the Iraqi forces from Kuwait, which had invaded that country in 1990.It's also a highly decorated Vietnam vet.General Schwarzkopf was 78.On Wall street at this hour, the Dow is down 92 points at 13,004.The NASAQ down 12.The S&P500 is down nine.This is NPR.Security is a top concern in the Capital of Central Africa Republic. After the US ambassador and it's diplomatic team were evacuated on fiere rebels get try to take the Capital.The president of Central Africa Republic is calling for international help.To find of those rebels who were quickly ceasing territory in the country.Russia has acquitted the only official charged in the death of Sergei Magnitsky.Jessica Gallaher reports from Moscow that the 37-year-old lawyer who died in jail, pending corruption charges.Jailed doctor Dmitry Kratov was found not guilty of negligence in causing the death of Magnitsky , who passed away in jail in 2009 after a pancreatitis was untreated.And an investigation by Russia's Presidential Human Rights Council found that Magnitsky was denied treatment and severely beaten.The lawyer worked for Russia's largest investment firm allegedly uncovered the plan by Russian officials, to reclaim more than 200 million dollars in taxes paid by that company.Magnitsky was later arrested by the same officials he accused fraud.The case was widely criticized around the world.As a result, the US Congress passed the so called Magnitsky Act , which bars Russians entering to the US, if they are accused of violating Human Rights.And it ticked for the tied response, Putin signed the law banning the Americans from adopting the Russian children.From NPR news, I am Jessica Gallaher, in Moscow.The number of pending home sales rose to it's highest level in two and half years last month.The National Association of Realtors says seasonally, it just index rose 1.7% in November from October.This is the highest since April, 2010 when the home buyer tax credit cost to spike in sales.Pending sales on houses under contract usually takes one to two months for a sign contract.I am Jeanine Herbst,NPR news in Washington.。

RubberCon 2013在泰国曼谷举行

有限元分析结果
ＲｕｂｂｅｒＣｏｎ２０１３在泰国曼谷举行
中图分类号：ＴＱ３３２文献标志码：Ｄ
与会代表的一致好评。
本次会议上，与会代表积极探讨天然橡胶
领域的科技进展及未来的发展方向，表现出较
普利司通公司于２０１３年１１月７日在日本发出声明将主动召回多种载重轮胎。普利司通美洲公司（ＢＳＡ）作出响应，召回约２６００条全钢载重子午线轮胎，这些轮胎产自日本Ｔｏｃｈｉｇｉ，售往日本关岛、加拿大、墨西哥以及中南美。Ｔｏｃｈｉｇｉ厂于２０１２年１月至２０１３年８月期间生产的１２０万条载重轮胎将被召回。
（江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司刘湘慧摘译）
译自美国“ ＷｉｒｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ” ，
广７］，５６～６０（２０１２）
图１３不同硒下钢丝内部和表面残余应力分布
ｄｅａｌｅｒ．ｃｏｎ）ｒ２０１３年１１月８日报道：
橡胶在工程应用方面的研究 ‘ 天然橡胶与纳米材料复合技术” “ 天然橡胶技术革新 ” 等领域。此外，
会议还设有屏展报告２４篇。中国化工学会橡胶专业委员会副主任委员、北京化工大学张立群教授做了题为 “ 通过胶乳复合及原位改性技术制备天然橡胶纳米复合材料的

antenna theory-presentation

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Сибирский федеральный университет
Unit 7
Bibliography
Профессиональный английский язык
11
Part I. Grammar review
12
Part I. Grammar review
Past Simple
FORM: [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs • You called Debbie • Did you call Debbie? • You did not call Debbie
© Сибирский федеральный университет, 2008
Рекомендовано к изданию Инновационно-методическим управлением СФУ Разработка и оформление электронного образовательного ресурса: Центр технологий электронного обучения информационно-аналитического департамента СФУ; лаборатория по разработке мультимедийных электронных образовательных ресурсов при КрЦНИТ
Красноярск, 2008

AEMCLRP Presentation 1

EMC Testing Service for Automotive Electronic Components According to the Requirements Of Car ManufacturersContents1, Detroit Big Three----Introduction of AEMCLRP2, Requirements for other car manufactures 3, Our Service and Advantage1, Detroit Big Three---Introduction of AEMCLRP General Motors, Ford and Chrysler are oftenreferred to as the "Big Three" or, morerecently the "Detroit Three", being the largestautomakers in North America. They were for awhile the largest in the world and two of themare still a mainstay in the top five.The AEMCLRP committee is comprised of members from Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors.The Automotive Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory Accreditation Program (AEMCLAP) is comprised ofaccreditation bodies (ABs) that have established anagreement with the AEMCLRP committee through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to follow the policies outlined in the AEMCLRP document.TÜV Rheinland Group China have completed the on-site AEMCLRP auditconducted by DaTech, and in the nearfuture will be accredited as AEMCLRP laboratory, since which time TÜV Rheinland Group China can provide test reports that are acceptable to GM, Ford and Chrysler.2, Requirements for other car manufacturescontinuedcontinued3, Our Service and Advantage Equipped with state-of-the-art testing equipments and operated by highly skilled engineers, TÜV Rheinland EMC laboratory in Guangzhou could provide integrated EMC testing service according to the requirements of various car manufactures, and support ESA manufacturers and exporters to sell their products to the World-renowned brand.。

Interests

Changwoo AhnAddress Office HomeBiospheric Sciences Branch/Code 9233525 Sharonwood Rd.Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics Apt. 3-D, Laurel,NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center MD 20724 USAGreenbelt, MD 20771 USA Tel: (301)483-6882Tel: (301)286-2386, Fax: (301)286-0239E-mail:cahn@Objective A challenging position in a company or academic institution with emphasis on environmental modeling, natural resources management and landevaluation using remote sensing and geographical information systemstechnologies.Nationality Seoul, South Korea (visa type: H1-B1).Education1/93 - 12/96Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.Ph.D. in Agronomy Department.Dissertation: Hyperspectral remote sensing data analysis for characterizingland surface conditions.3/88 - 2/90Korea University, Seoul, Korea.M.S. in Agronomy Department.Thesis: Conversion of photosynthetically active radiation energy to biomassproduction in soybean canopy.3/84 - 2/88 Korea University, Seoul, Korea.B.S. in Agronomy Department.Research Interests Multi/Hyperspectral Image Data Analysis.• Feature extraction and classification.• Automatic target detection.• Data reduction and multi-source data fusion.Spatial Data Analysis and Modeling.• Spatial autocorrelation, kriging interpolation and optimal sampling design.• Fractal dimension approaches for measuring the natural surface roughness.• Cellular automata modeling of dynamic processes.Integration of Multi-Source Data within GISs.• Expert system development for efficient integration.• Error propagation in the integration process.Global Soil Information Systems.• Global soil and terrain (SOTER) database development.Precision Farming.• GPS, hyperspectral and high resolution remote sensing data integration.Work Experience7/97 - Current : Research Associate with the Universities Space Research Association at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.•Conducting research in support of NASA New Millennium Program/EarthOrbiter-1 project.•Simulating pushbroom type Multispectral data from TM data for evaluatingthe effects of yaw attitude error of EO-1 spacecraft on spectral puritythrough the detectability tests.•Developing and testing the performances of detection tools such as theConstrained Energy Minimization (CEM), modified CEM (MoCEM),Spectral Angle Mapper, and a Normalized Spectral Difference mappers.•Developing a sequential endmember search algorithm for automaticdetection and classification.•Simulating the precalibrated Advanced Land Imager (ALI) patterns as partof the EO-1 system preflight characterization.•Simulating the Signal-to-Noise Ratios of EO-1 for the comparison of imagequalities with those of ETM+.1/97 - 5/97 : Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Purdue University.•Conducting project in support of NASA grant NSGW 13-38 "EvaluatingRemotely Sensed Data for Agricultural and Natural ResourcesApplications.".•Correlating and integrating hyperspectral data (AVIRIS & HYDICE) withthe yield monitoring data for precision farming.1/93 - 12/96 : Research Assistant, Purdue University.•Conducting project in support of NASA grant NSGW-3862 "Toward soilspatial information systems for global modeling and ecosystemmanagement".•Developing linear spectral mixture model based on the factor analyticalinversion model for preprocessing hyperspectral remote sensing data toreduce the dimensionality and noise effects.•Block kriging interpolation and fuzzy classification for creating a detailedsoil map from hyperspectral data.•Fractal dimension analysis for estimating crop residue cover with imagery•Simulation of TM bands from AVIRIS bands.•Adjustment of atmospheric effects of AVIRIS data for the transformation ofradiance to surface reflectance with the ATREM (ATmosphere REMoval)program.•Integration of processed data within GIS.3/91 - 4/92 : Research Scientist, Rural Development Administration (RDA) in Korea.•Developed the rice crop growth model and crop rotation system betweenrice-paddy and upland fields.8/90 - 2/91 : Second Lieutenant, Military Academy in Korea.•Mandatory military service.3/88 - 2/90 : Research/Teaching Assistant, Korea University.•Developed the soybean growth model using meteorological data for yieldprediction.•Statistical experimental design for the evaluation of weed control effects.•Developed the weed flora inventory.Award & Fellowship•1997 Stevan J. Kristof Outstanding Graduate Student in Remote SensingAward.•1996 Purdue Research Fellowship for Ph.D student.Related CourseworksRemote Sensing/GIS/GPS•Engineering aspects of remote sensing, Aerogeology and remote sensing, Remotesensing of land resources, Watershed system design, Applied vector based GIS,Digital mapping for GIS, Geodetic control surveying.Soil/Crop Sciences•Soil and land use, Physical properties of soils, Soil classification/genesis/survey,Topics in soil physics, Soils seminar, Biophysical plant physiology, Weed ecology. Basic Sciences•Calculus, Linear algebra, Optics/electromagnetism, Applied linear regressionanalysis, Applied multivariate analysis, Data analysis techniques in geosciences,Design of experiment.Computer ExperiencesSoftware•ERDAS Imagine 8.2, GRASS 4.1, Arc/Info, PCI, ENVI, and MultiSpec for imageprocessing, data analysis and GIS applications.•MATLAB and IDL for high-performance numeric computation and visualization•GS+2.3 for the spatial data analysis.•Microstation Intergraph and dBase for the facilities management and SQLimplementation.•PFINDER(TM) for the GPS data analysis.•SAS, S-Plus and BMDP for general purpose statistical analyses.Programming Skill•C, Fortran, Basic, IDL, and MATLAB codes development and implementation inUNIX, SGI, Windows PC/NT and PowerMac systems.•HTML for the web site development.Technical Presentations•C-W. Ahn, S.G. Ungar, and T.W. Brakke, “Spectral purity degradation of themultispectral data of EO-1 through a simulation of spacecraft yaw attitude error”at the 1999 American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ASPRS)Annual Conference in Portland, Oregon, May 17-21, 1999.•C-W. Ahn, “Comparison of tools for spectral purity study,” at the NMP/EO-1Mission Science Office seminar series, July 16 1998.•C-W. Ahn, “Signal-to-noise raito simulation of ETM+ and ALI Images from TMdata for assessing image qualities,” at the NMP/EO-1 Mission Science Officeseminar series, May 7 1998.•C-W. Ahn, M.F. Baumgardner and L.L. Biehl, "Band selection of hyperspectralremote sensing data for classifying crop residue cover", at American Society ofAgronomy (ASA) Annual Convention in Anaheim, California, Oct. 26-31. 1997.• C-W. Ahn, M.F. Baumgardner and L.L. Biehl, "Soil mapping with the aid ofhyperspectral imagery, geostatistics and fuzzy clustering analyses," at AmericanSociety of Agronomy (ASA) Annual Convention in Indianapolis, Indiana, Nov. 3-8. 1996.•C-W. Ahn, M.F. Baumgardner and L.L. Biehl, "Performance of AVIRIS, adjustedAVIRIS and simulated data for classifying crop residue," at PECORA 13Symposium in Sioux Falls, South Dakoda, August 20-22,1996.•C-W. Ahn, "Agricultural applications of remote sensing and geographicalinformation systems" at the invited seminar in the National Institute of AgriculturalScience and Technology in Suwon, South Korea, May 22, 1996.•C-W. Ahn, M.F. Baumgardner and L.L. Biehl, "Classification of crop residue withlinear mixture modeling of hyperspectral imagery," at ASPRS/ACSM AnnualConvention and Exhibition in Baltimore, Maryland, April 22-26, 1996.•C-W. Ahn and M.F. Baumgardner, "Detection of iron oxides with remote sensingtechniques," at department soil seminar, Nov, 1995.•C-W. Ahn, M.F. Baumgardner and L.L. Biehl, "Spectral analysis of surface soil-crop residue mixtures," at American Society of Agronomy (ASA) AnnualConvention in Seattle, Washington, Nov. 13-18 , 1994.Papers submitted and published•“Hyperspectral remote sensing data analysis for characterizing land surfaceconditions” Ph.D Dissertation at Purdue University.•"Delineation of soil variability using geostatistics and fuzzy clustering analyses ofhyperspectral data" in Jan/Feb issue of 1999, the Soil Science Society of AmericaJournal•“Performance of AVIRIS, adjusted AVIRIS and simulated data for classifyingcrop residue," in the Proceedings of PECORA 13 Symposium CD-ROM; A-3:Land degradation and conservation.•"Comparison of information content between hyperspectral and multispectral dataof EO-1” in preparation for the submission to the journal of PhotogrammetricEngineering & Remote Sensing.•“Comparison of tools for spectral purity study” in preparation for the submissionto the journal of Remote Sening of Environment.ReferencesMarion F. BaumgardnerProfessor Emeritus, Department of Agronomy, Purdue Univeristy239 Timbercrest Road West Lafayette, IN 47906-8504Tel: (765) 743-2226E-mail: baumwlaf@Chris J. JohannsenProfessor and Director of Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing(LARS),1202 Potter Hall, Purdue University,West Lafayette, IN 47907-1202, USATel: (765) 494-6305, Fax: (765) 496-3216,E-mail: johan@David A. LandgrebeProfessor of the School of Electrical & Computer Engineering1285 Electrical Engineering Building, Purdue University,West Lafayette Indiana 47907-1285Tel: (765)494-3539 , Fax: (765)494-3544E-mail: landgreb@Stephen G. UngarProject Mission Scientist of EO-1Code 923 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771Tel: (301)286-4007 , Fax: (301)286-0239E-mail: ungar@Thomas W. BrakkeDeputy Project Mission Scientist of EO-1Code 923 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771Tel: (301)286-4007 , Fax: (301)286-0239E-mail: tbrakke@。

IET International Radar Conference 2013

由北京理工大学主办的IET International Radar Conference 2013国际雷达会议在西安隆重举行(2013-04-27) 阅读次数:2496供稿、摄影：信息与电子学院富景馨编辑：新闻中心段炼2013年4月14日--16日，由英国工程与技术学会、中国电子学会及北京理工大学联合主办，并由北京理工大学承办的IET International Radar Conference 2013国际雷达会议在陕西世纪金源大酒店隆重举行。

这是一次国际性的雷达学术盛会，此次会议由北京理工大学信息与电子学院承办。

北京理工雷科电子信息技术有限公司协办组织与赞助。

本届会议由英国工程技术协会主席/英国剑桥大学 Andy Hopper 教授、中国工程院院士毛二可教授和北京理工大学龙腾教授担任荣誉主席，由北京理工大学曾涛教授担任大会主席，由美国 IEEE 宇航与电子协会主席/英国IET雷达声纳与导航杂志主编/英国伦敦大学学院Hugh Griffiths教授、法国泰勒斯公司/荷兰代尔夫特理工大学 Fran?ois Le Chevalier 教授、美国 IEEE天线与电波传播协会主席/美国雪城大学 Tapan K. Sarkar 教授、华东电子工程研究所副所长吴剑旗教授和西安电子科技大学刘宏伟教授担任大会副主席，由北京理工大学杨小鹏副教授担任程序委员会主席，由中科院电子所洪文教授担任程序委员会副主席。

出席大会开幕式的海外嘉宾有美国 Moeness Amin教授、Peter Willett 教授、Tapan K. Sarkar 教授、Rick S. Blum教授，英国 Hugh Griffiths 教授，法国 Fran?ois Le Chevalier 教授，加拿大David G. Goodenough，日本 Motoyuki Sato 教授，荷兰 Leo P. Ligthart 教授，德国 Mihai Datcu教授、Alan Jenkins 教授等多位雷达领域世界知名专家和海外学者40余人。

为什么有的中央差速器是多片离合器？多片离合模拟差速器技术详解

为什么有的中央差速器是多⽚离合器？多⽚离合模拟差速器技术详解为什么有的中央差速器是多⽚离合器？多⽚离合模拟差速器技术详解差速器的出现，解决汽车转弯问题，完善了⼈们对于出⾏的需求。

随着汽车被⼈们开到越来越复杂的环境，各类差速器也被⼈们所应⽤。

然⽽有⼀类模拟差速器，凭借着它那魔⼒般的节奏，摩擦，摩擦，摩擦，深受各⼤车⼚的追捧，它就是故事的主⾓：多⽚离合器式差速器（⼀直在模仿⼀直在进化）多⽚离合器式差速器是应⽤最为⼴泛的⼀类差速器，除去托森（Torsen）差速器外，⼏乎找不着对⼿。

产品队伍异常的壮⼤！普及之多，超出你的想象，假若在路上有⼈指着⼀款SUV问你说，它采⽤什么形式的中央差速器，⽽你却不知道，那么，那就猜多⽚离合器式差速器吧，⼗有⼋九是正确的！多⽚离合器式差速器，顾名思义，其中最关键的机构就是“多⽚”。

它构造包括了两组⾦属摩擦⽚，⼀⼀穿插的⽅式排放在⼀起，并分别连接前后轴，在需要时，⾦属摩擦⽚相互压紧结合，将前后轴连接到⼀起，实现扭矩传递。

摩擦⽚通常被浸泡在专⽤油中。

（5555555 这油腻腻的感觉，久久不能遗忘啊）多⽚离合器式差速器使⽤⼗分普遍，仅供应商都让你眼前⼀亮，每个都是赫赫有名的汽车零部件供应商，像博格华纳（BorgWarner）、麦格纳，GKN等。

⾸先我们聊聊博格华纳（BorgWarner）,可能有⼀些汽车爱好车⾸先会想到的是博格华纳的涡轮产品，其实，其旗下的四驱传动系统也做的如⽕如荼。

博格华纳品牌旗下的主流传动系统分配单元有：NexTrac 系统，TOD系统，ESOF系统、以及2010年收购的瀚德（Haldex）传动系统。

我们就控制⽅式先简单分类，主要分为电控，和液控。

接下来我们聊聊电控系统，其中NexTrac、TOD为电磁控制的四驱系统，且最为常见。

主要是通过电⼦传感器检测轮胎是否打滑，控制电磁线圈产⽣电磁⼒调节摩擦⽚结合与分离，实现扭⼒分配。

NexTrac系统，是博格华纳在2008年为偏向前驱的汽车设计了这套四驱系统，来满⾜城市SUV对于四驱的诉求。

WIRELESS PRESENTATION APPARATUS

专利名称：WIRELESS PRESENTATION APPARATUS 发明人：YANG, Chaofeng,杨超峰申请号：CN2017/114265申请日：20171201公开号：WO2018/103593A1公开日：20180614专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：A wireless presentation apparatus is provided. The core device of the entire apparatus comprises a indicator positioning device and an indicator superimposing device. The indicator positioning device is held in the hand of a speaker, and the indicator superimposing device is inserted into a screen data transmission route between acomputer and a display device. The wireless presentation apparatus utilizes technology such as a camera, an image processing algorithm, and a motion sensor to sense the coordinates of important in-screen content pointed at by the speaker, the coordinates being called indicator coordinates. Then, the indicator superimposing device intercepts screen data and superimposes an eye-catching highlight of an appropriate size at the position of the indicator coordinates of the screen, realizing the indication of important content. The wireless presentation apparatus has the following advantages: elimination of shaking, the displayed indication point is more stable, a good circular indication effect, support for display of multiple circular indicators at the same time, a laser emitter is not used, and the problem in which a laser pointer cannot be used on an LCD screen is avoided.申请人：YANG, Chaofeng,杨超峰地址：518017 CN,518017 CN国籍：CN,CN代理人：SHENZHEN SEMPHOPE GUANGLIAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY,深圳市深弘广联知识产权代理事务所（普通合伙）更多信息请下载全文后查看。

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Dalian, China
Ochang, S. Korea Eumsung, S. Korea
Frankfort, IL USA
Beijing, China
Addison, IL USA Longview, TX USA Juarez, Mexico Irapuato, Mexico Seneca, SC USA Water Valley, MS USA Heidelberg, Germany Shanghai, China Szentlörinckáta, Hungary Tokyo, Fukuroi, Japan Japan
71% / SALES
Morse TEC
• Engine Valve Timing Systems
Drivetrain
Transmission Systems
29% / SALES
TorqTransfer Systems
• AWD Couplings • Transfer Cases • eGearDrive® Electric Drive Transmissions • eAWD Torque Vectoring • AWD Electronic Controls and Systems Integration
Asia 6 Locations
11
Haldex Traction Acquisition : Strategic Fit & Synergies
BorgWarner
TorqTransfer Systems
Employees: 1,098 US, China, Korea, India
Haldex
Vision, Mission & Beliefs
3
A Portfolio of Leading Powertrain Technology
Engine
Turbo Systems
• Wastegate • Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) • Regulated 2-stage (R2S™)
TorqTransfer Systems Global Footprint
Auburn Hills, MI USA Landskrona Sweden Szentlörinckáta Hungary Ochang, S. Korea
Beijing, China
Shanghai, China Longview, TX USA Livonia, MI USA Seneca, SC USA Tokyo, Japan
Operations: Products:
19,250
60 Locations 19 Countries Engine, Transmission and AWD systems
Market Drivers:
Fuel Economy Emissions Performance
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
Our Beliefs
Respect for Each Other Power of Collaboration Passion for Excellence Personal Integrity Responsibility to Our Communities
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
BorgWarner Trophy
Our Vision, Mission & Beliefs Vision
To be the Global Technology Leader in Powertrain Solutions
Mission
Develop Leading Powertrain Technologies that improve Fuel Economy, Emissions & Performance
BERU Systems
• Glow Plugs • Instant Start System • Pressure Sensor Glow Plugs • Gasoline Ignition Technology • Sensor Technology • PTC Cabin Heaters
Thermal Morse TEC Systems
VW/Audi 15% Daimler Ford Renault 5% 5% Toyota 5% Hyundai/Kia 4% Nissan 1% Honda 1% China 6% Other 7% Ford Chrysler GM Asian OEMs 7% 4% 3% 1%
4% 3% BMW 2% Fiat 1% GM 1% PSA Commercial Vehicles 4% Other 10%
BorgWarner Company Overview
CY 2013
Our Beliefs Respect Collaboration Excellence Integrity Community
History of Innovation
1880s 1900s Forerunner of Morse Chain formed Manual transmissions, differentials and automotive clutches developed
Primary Drive Axle
8 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
Drivetrain Systems Global Footprint
Bellwood, IL USA Auburn Hills, MI USA Ketsch, Germany Landskrona, Sweden Arnstadt, Germany
Irapuato Mexico
Pune, India
Sirsi, India
Manufacturing Plant Sales / Admin Headquarters Tech Center
Americas 5 Locations
Europe 2 Locations
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
1940s 1950s
1990s
2000
2003 2004 2006 2008 2009 2011
First transfer cases produced Automatic transmission and turbocharger production starts Engine timing systems, active all-wheel drive systems introduced Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) Turbochargers DualTronic™ Clutch and Control Module Transmission Technology R2S® Turbocharger Cool Logic®, ITM 3e® Coupling Cam Phasers with CTA™ Technology and Pressure Sensor Glow Plugs eGearDrive™ Transmissions Haldex Traction Acquisition
BorgWarner Drivetrain Systems
CY 2012
Our Beliefs Respect Collaboration Excellence Integrity Community
2013/4/3
Drivetrain Systems Product Focus
FWD Vehicle Platform RWD Vehicle Platform
Drivetrain Systems
Emissions Systems
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valves • EGR Coolers & EGR tubes • Integrated EGR Modules • Secondary Air Systems • Actuators
Financial and Employee information as of December 31, 2011 Location information as of December 31, 2011
5
Customer and Geographic Diversity
2012 Sales Outlook*
ICE
DC AC
eLSD
DC
eAWD
ISG
AC
Electric Drive
Veh. Electrification
Torque Vectoring eAWD
Thermal Systems
• Thermal Management Components and Systems • Visctronic® Systems • Fans/Fan Drives
-Timing Chain • Variable Cam Timing - Oil Pressure Actuated -Torsional Assist - Cam Torque Actuated • HY-VO® Transmission Chain • Friction Plates - Transmission/Transfer case chain
• DualTronic® Systems for Dual Clutch Transmissions • Transmission Control Modules and Solenoids • High Pressure Transmission Control and Actuation Systems • One-way Clutches