节水灌溉自动控制系统设计

摘要

水是生命的源泉，水是维系社会进步、生态环境和人类文明的基础因素，而我国水资源严重匮乏，农业节约水灌溉技术仍未得到很好的普及利用。我们必须进一步提高认识，抓紧完善节水灌溉的规划设计，大力推进节水灌溉技术的研究、生产和应用，以更好地服务“三农”推进社会的现代化进程。本文就此问题研究了单片机控制的节水灌溉系统，该系统可对不同土壤的湿度进行监控，并按照作物对土壤湿度的要求进行适时、适量的节水灌溉。

本文在设计中采用了微灌的节水灌溉工作模式。系统可以根据土壤湿度要求自动控制电磁阀开关，进行灌溉，还可以根据上位机指令进行灌溉。系统设计上选用AT89S52单片机为控制器，选用FDS-100湿度传感器检测土壤水分湿度。土壤湿度传感器检测出的土壤湿度信号经信号调理电路转换为电流信号传送到AT89S52，单片机将土壤湿度信号转换成数字量，根据用户设定的土壤湿度要求驱动电磁阀进行灌溉。本系统可以检测10路土壤湿度信息，可以控制10路水阀的开关。土壤湿度信息由8位LED显示器就地显示。系统设有CAN 总线接口电路可以与上位机通信。

本系统功能较为全面，使用方便，能够满足农业生产的基本要求，对于提高农作物产量、节约劳动力成本有重要的作用，对我国农业生产自动化有积极地意义。

关键字：节水灌溉；湿度传感器；土壤湿度；电磁阀

Abstract

Water is the source of life, and it is the basic factors to maintain the social progress, the ecological environment and human civilization, but shortage of water resource of china and agricultural wa ter saving irrigation technology hasn’t been widely used well. We must promote the understanding further, and hurry to improve the planning and design of water saving irrigation, work hard on promoting the study of water saving irrigation technology and its production and application to better serve the three rural advancing the process of modernization of society. This article studies the problem of water saving irrigation system controlled by single chip microcomputer, the system can be of different soil moisture monitoring, and in accordance with the requirements of the crops on soil moisture of water saving irrigation timely, appropriate.

This article adopts the water saving irrigation sprinkler irrigation in design mode. The system can automatically control the electromagnetic valve switch, according to the soil moisture requirements for irrigation, also can be used in irrigation according to computer instruction. The design of system using AT89S52 MCU as controller and using FDS-100 humidity sensor to detect soil moisture and humidity. Soil moisture soil moisture sensor signal detected by signal conditioning circuit converts the current signal is transmitted to the AT89S52, the soil humidity signal is converted into digital quantity, irrigation based on soil moisture set by the user requirement driving solenoid valve. This system can detect 10 of soil moisture information, switch can control 10 road water valve. The soil moisture information from 8 LED display display. System with CAN bus interface circuit can communicate with the PC.

The function of system is more comprehensive, easy to use and it can meets the basic requirements of agricultural production, to increase the yield of crops, saving labor costs have an important role and it has positive significance for agricultural production automation in china.

Key words:Water-saving irrigation; Humidity sensor; Soil moisture; electromagnetic valve