英语本科语言学复习资料.docx

英语本科语言学复习资料

L Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the blanks. (1% x 20 = 20%)

1.When a sentence changes from a statement lo a general/ special question, which movement is structurally required?

A.NP 一movcmcnt/WH ・ movement

B. NP 一movement/ Aux ・ movement

C. AUX ・ movcmcn(/WH 一movement

D. WH 一movement/ AUX - movement

2.The fact that children acquire spoken language before they can read or write indicates that language is primary

A.vocal

B. arbitrary C・ human—specific D. written

3.The naming theory seems applicable to _______ only・

A.verbs

B. adjectives C・ adverbs D. nouns

4.Which of the following statements is NOT used by the speaker to perform certain acts?

A.'T name this ship Elizabeth/'

B.“I visited my uncle last Sunday."

C・"I give and bequeath my watch to my brother/9

D. “I bet you sit pence it will rain tomorrow/'

5.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A.photo ・ copy

B. cackle

C. book

D. rumble

6.According to its ______ in the new word, affixes are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes・

A meaning B. function C. position D. sound

7.By saying "You have left the door wide open,” a speaker might be performing the three acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary _______ ・

A. at the same time

B. one after another

C・ two first and then the other D・ one first and then the other two

& Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker・This is what”_____________ H means.

A. displacement

B. cultural transmission

C・ duality D・ productivity

9.The basic unit in phonology is called _____ ; it is a unit that is of distinctive value.

A. phone phoneme

C・ allophone D・ phonetic transcription

10.______ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word・

A. Affixes

B. Prefixes

C・ Suffixes D. Inflectional morphemes

11.The two words11 collaborator11 and "accomplice** arc examples given to illustrate that synonyms may differ

A.in style

B.in their emotive or evaluative meaning

C.in their collocation

D.slightly in what they mean

12.A: Would you like to come to our party tonight?

B: I'm afraid I'm not feeling so well today.

The implicature produced here is _______ ・・

A.FII be glad to go to your party.

B.Probably Fll be a little late because Fm not feeling well.

C.I do not want to go to your party.

D.I'll go there even though I am noi feeling well today.

13.A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare^ time is oftered as an example of ________ study.

A. diachronic

B. synchronic C・ prescriptive D. descriptive

14.Speech act theory was originated with _______ in the 50's of the 20th century ・

A.the American linguist Noam Chomsky

B.the British philosopher John Austin

C・ the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure

D. the American philosopher -linguist John Searle

15.People speaking the same language _________ ・

A.always share the same world views

B.may have different world views

C・ can not describe different world views

D. find it impossible to share the same world views

16.When a speech sound changes and becomes more like anther sound which following it, it is said to be

A. nasalized

B. deleted

C. assimilated

D. aspirated

17.Inflectional morphemes convey _________ meaning.

A. Lexical

B. no C・ associated D. grammatical

18.Hyponyms of the superordinate 紋flower" do not include “________ "

A. wardrobe

B. tulip

C. lily

D. rose

19.Tf Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different/? This statement may typically represent _________ .

A.the critical period hypothesis

B.Sapir—Wltorf hypothesis

C.X一bar theory

D・ general principles of universal grammtir

20._____ are those which can be used independently without combining with other morphemes.

A. Free morphemes B・Bound morphemes

C.Roots

D. Affixes

21 ・Minor lexical categories are closed” categories which do not include

A. detenniner B・auxiliiiry

C. adverb

D. conjunction

22.According to Stephen Krashcn, language acquisition and language learning

A.mean the same and thus they can be used interchangeably

B.involve different processes and thus should be distinguished

C・ are both unnecessary in the process of learning one's native language