CET4 四级英语翻译
英语四级翻译集锦
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1,During the whole evening his eyes didn’t stop follow me,(也没停止 支使我). Nor did he order me about 2,Nowadays more and more people(更愿意使用信用卡)than pay in cash. Prefer to use a credit card rather 3,We must be friendly to others but we must also find ways of (保护自 己不被伤害). Protecting ourselves from injuring 4,Having spent some time in the city ,he had no trouble (找到区历史 博物馆的路). Finding the way to history museum 5, The sports meet ,originally due to be held last Friday ,was finally(由于天气不好被取消). Cancelled due to the bad weather 6,(他们刚坐下)in their seats in the theater when the curtain went down. The moment they settled down 7,They(采取有效措施)to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. Take active measures 8,Last year the advertising rate(上升了 20%). Went up twenty percent.
大学英语4课后翻译(含原文)
大学英语4课后翻译(含原文)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 11、多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2、我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。
We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3、菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了,正变得越来越绝望。
Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4、作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。
Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5、既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。
Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.Unit 21、空气中有一种不寻常的寂静,只有远处响着大炮的声音。
There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2、在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。
cet4翻译
• 2.减词法:即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、 语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累 赘。如: • 中国人民历来是勇于探索,勇于创造,勇 于革命的。 • The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things , to make inventions and to make revolution.
• 他不来信,我也不给他写信。 • I won’t write to him unless he writes first. • (3)英语句子离不开介词和冠词,而汉语中 介词使用很少,也没有冠词,所以汉译英 时要把省略的部分加上。如: • 你白天还是夜间工作? • Do you work in the daytime or at night?
习题演练 汉译英
• 1. 如果你想按时到纽约参加会议, 除了坐飞机以 外别无选择。 • If you want to reach New York in time for the meeting, you have no choice but to go by air. • 2. 令我们高兴的是, 他们很快就适应了新的环境。 • To our delight, they quickly adapted themselves to the new working environment. • 3. 无论何时我们都应牢记工业的发展决不能以牺 牲环境为代价。 • At no time should we forget that industrial growth can never be bought at the expense of environment.
• The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American. • 我在晚会上看到的那个人,外表和谈吐像 美国人。 • The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computation. • 计算机的主要特点是计算准确迅速。
四级词汇汉译英
1.v.改变,改动,变更2.vi.n.突然发生,爆裂3.vi.除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4.n.爆炸;气流vi.炸,炸掉5.v.消耗,耗尽6.v.劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的7.v.吐(唾液等);唾弃8.v.溢出,溅出,倒出9.v.滑动,滑落;忽略10.v.滑动,滑落n.滑动;滑面;幻灯片11.n.细菌12.n.种,品种v.繁殖,产仔13.n.预算v.编预算,作安排14.n.候选人15.n.校园16.a.慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17.v.转变,变革;变换18.v.传播,播送;传递19.v.移植20.v.运输,运送n.运输,运输工具21.v.转移;转动;转变22.v.变化,改变;使多样化23.vi.消灭,不见24.v.吞下,咽下n.燕子25.n.怀疑,疑心26.a.怀疑的,可疑的27.a.温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的28.a.温柔的;脆弱的29.n.损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)30.a.无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的31.vt.加速,促进32.a.绝对的,无条件的;完全的33.n.分界线,边界34.n.刹车,制动器v.刹住(车)35.n.目录(册)v.编目36.a.模糊的,不明确的37.n.徒劳,白费38.a.绝灭的,熄灭的39.a.不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.a.极度的,极端的n.极端,过分41.n.代理人,代理商;动因,原因42.n.含酒精的饮料,酒精43.n./vi.呼吁,恳求44.vt.重视,赏识,欣赏45.v.赞成,同意,批准46.vt.刺激,激励47.vt.取得,获得;学到48.vt.完成,到达;实行49.n.网状物;广播网,电视网;网络50.n.潮汐;潮流51.a.整洁的,整齐的52.vt.追踪,找到n.痕迹,踪迹53.vt.拷打,折磨54.vi.漫游,闲逛55.n.蜡56.v.织,编57.v.保护,保存,保持,维持61.v.滥用,虐待;谩骂62.a.学术的;高等院校的;研究院的63.n.(高等)专科院校;学会64.n.电池(组)65.n.障碍;棚栏66.n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物67.n.生涯,职业68.n.船舶;容器,器皿;血管69.a.垂直的70.v.迫使,责成;使感激71.a.阴暗,模糊72.n.程度,范围,大小,限度73.n.外部,外表a.外部的,外表的74.a.外部的,外表的,外面的75.n.汽油76.n.石油77.vt./n.推迟,延误,耽搁78.vi.腐烂,腐朽79.a.像样的,体面的80.n.路;路线;航线81.v.毁坏,破坏n.毁灭,[pl.]废墟82.n.缘故,理由83.n.卫星84.n.大小,规模;等级;刻度85.n.庙宇86.a.乏味道,单调的,87.vi.易于,趋向88.n.趋向,趋势89.a.极端的,最大的,最终的n.极端90.v.经历,遭受91.a.丰富的,充裕的,大量的92.v.收养;采用;采纳93.vi.适应,适合;改编,改写vt.使适应94.n.学士,学士学位;单身汉95.a.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96.n.陷阱,圈套v.设陷阱捕捉97.a.空的,未占用的98.n.真空,真空吸尘器99.a.口头的,口述的,口的100.n.(单、复数同形)光学101.n.器官,风琴102.n.过分,过量,过剩103.v.驱逐,开除,赶出104.v.消费105.n.支出,消费;经费106.n.开销,费用107.a.花钱多的;价格高贵的108.v.扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀109.n.扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀110.a.私人的,个人的111.a.个别的,单独的n.个人,个体112.a.个人的,私人的;亲自的114.n.[总称]人员,员工;人事部门115.太平洋116.大西洋117.北冰洋118.南冰洋119.vt.授予,同意,准予119.a.宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的120.v.侵入,侵略,侵袭121.n.酸,酸性物质a.酸的;尖刻的122.v.承认;致谢123.n.阳台124.vt.计算,核算125.n.日历,月历126.a.乐观127.a.可以任选的,非强制的128.a.杰出的,突出的,显著的129.n.出口(物)v.出口,输出130.n.进口(物)v.进口,输入131.vt.把...加强(on);采用,利用132.n.宗教,宗教信仰133.a.宗教的134.n.牺牲品,受害者135.n.电视,视频a.电视的,录像的136.n.录像磁带v.把...录在录像带上137.v.冒犯,触犯138.v.打搅,麻烦139.v.干涉,干扰,妨碍140.a.内部的,国内的141.ad.预先,事先142.a.人种的种族的143.n.放射物,辐射144.a.根本的;激进的145.n.幅度,范围v.(在某范围内)变动146.n.惊奇,奇迹v.想知道,对...感到疑惑147.vt.使隔离,使孤立148.n.问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期149.a.空的,中空的,空虚道150.n.钩vt.钩住151.a.适当地;足够152.vi.粘附,附着;遵守,坚持153.vt.取缔,禁止154.vt.俘虏,捕获155.a.有效的,有根据的;正当的156.n.山谷,峡谷157.a.坚固定;一致的,始终如一的158.a.继续的,连续(不断)的.不断地,频繁的160.v.爆炸;爆发;激增161.v.剥削;利用,开采162.v.勘探163.n.爆炸;爆发;激增164.a.爆炸的;极易引起争论的165a.遥远的,偏僻的166ln.除去,消除167.vt.使得,致使167.render168.n.预防,防备,警惕169.a.懒散的,无所事事的170.vt.认出,鉴定171.n.身份;个性,特性172.n.贫穷173.a.(to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的174.vt.解决;决定,决意175.n.桶176.n.便宜货vi.讨价还价177.a.粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的178.n.教练;长途公共汽车179.n.准则,法规,密码180.n.线圈v.卷,盘绕181.n.成年人182.v.为...做广告183.n.广告184.n.代理商,经销商185.v.(使)聚集n.焦点,中心,聚焦186.vt.不许,禁止187.n./v.辩论,争论188.n.欠债189.n.十年190.vt.围住;把...装入信封191.vt./n.遭遇,遭到192.n.地球,世界;地球仪193.a.全球的;总的194.vt.细看;扫描;浏览195.n.丑事,丑闻196.n.意义;重要性197.a.随后的,后来的198.n.美德,优点199.a.实际上的,事实上的200.vt.使适应201.n.一部分202.n.目标,靶子vt.瞄准203.a.手提式的204.v.拒绝,谢绝;下降205.n.错觉206.n.可能,可能性207.n.条纹208.t.强调,着重209.n.情感,感情210.a.感情的,情绪(上)的211.a.极坏的,威严的,可怕的212.a.笨拙的,棘手的213.n.线索,提示214.n.碰撞,冲突215.n.装置,设备216.t.发明,策划,想出217.a.不可避免的218.a.海军的219.n.航行220.n.必需品;必要性221.a.先,前,以前的222.n.[pl.]给养,口粮;准备,设备,装置223.vt.追逐;追求;从事,进行224.a.不新鲜的,陈腐的225n.代用品vt.代替226.vt.应受,应得,值得227.n.歧视;辨别力228.a.职业的,专门的229.a.安全的,可靠的230.n.安全,保障231.v./n.抓,搔,扒232.n.才能,天资;人才233.n.保险,保险费234.vt.给...保险,保证,确保235.ad.仍然,然而,不过236.a.中立的,中性的237.n.地点;斑点vt.认出,发现;玷污238v.喷,(使)溅散239.a.中等的,适中的n.媒介物,新闻媒介240.新闻传媒241.a.辅助的,备用的242.a.自动的243.vi.竞争,比赛244a.有能力的,能胜任的245.n.竞争,比赛246.vt.分发247vt.打搅,妨碍248.v.推论,推断249.v.(into,with)(使)成为一体,(使)合并250.a.潮湿251.n.潮湿252.vt.促进;提升253.n.地区;范围;幅度254.v./n.登记,注册255a.稳定的256.a.老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的257.a.极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的258.lvt.取消,废除259.a.易变的,可变的260.n.前景,前途;景象261.n.兴旺,繁荣262.n.方面;朝向;面貌263.vi.(with)(成功地)应付,处理264.n.果心,核心265.vt.维持,保持;坚持,主张266.n.大陆267.n.纪律;惩罚;学科268。
大学英语四级翻译(全)
英语四级翻译常用词汇:123个中文高频成语翻译Automation 1502 YuDeyu一、复习建议:1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累2. 广撒网,学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练做这些单句训练时,先阅读1遍整个段落,专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子,然后重点练习这一句的翻译。
难句会了,简单句自然不在话下。
在做单句翻译时,先尝试自己翻,翻完以后,对照答案,看解析,总结和揣摩其中好的词汇和表达。
下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例,具体学习吧~1. 对于大多数年轻人来说,结婚意味着独立组建家庭,然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。
参考译文:For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices.词汇点评:组建家庭:set up a family。
有同学容易使用start a family。
start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。
越来越:一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more,比如“越来越多的人”more and more people,但译为a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮;而表达“变得越来越”的含义时,使用become increasingly的译法更好。
物价的不断上涨:constantly rising prices,而不是price rising。
表达点评:本句是一个表转折关系的并列句,后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”,因此,用which引导的非限制性定语从句,让整个句子简洁明了。
2020年-2023年CET4大学英语四级翻译历年真题加解析
2018-2023大学英语四级翻译真题及解析汇总2018年6月公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
近年来,由于私家车数量不断增多,城市的交通问题越来越严重。
许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行,一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。
车辆的设施不断更新,车速也有了显著提高。
然而,公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。
现在,在大多数城市,许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
Bus used to be a main mode of transportation for Chinese people. In recent years, with the mounting number of private cars, the transportation issue in cities is becoming increasingly severe. Many cites have been making their efforts to improve the bus service in order to encourage more people to take buses when going out. The facilities of buses are updating continually. The speed is significantly improved as well. Nevertheless, bus fares are still quite low. Nowadays, local senior citizens in most cities are eligible for free bus rides.过去,乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高,越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘坐飞机出行。
他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市,还有许多城市也在筹建机场。
CET4词汇表
1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生,爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4.blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的d a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)字串430.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的33.boundary n. 分界线,边界34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车)35.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳,白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行work n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织,编57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持字串661. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物67. career n. 生涯,职业68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽79. decent a. 像样的,体面的80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故,理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,87. tend vi.易于,趋向88. tendency n.趋向,趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历,遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳93. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学101. organ n. 器官,风琴102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费106. expense n. 开销,费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀110. private a. 私人的,个人的111. individual a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体112. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的114. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工;人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算,核算125. calendar n. 日历,月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,输出130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口,输入131. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者135. video n. 电视,视频 a. 电视的,录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把...录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍140. internal a. 内部的,国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射144. radical a.根本的;激进的145. range n. 幅度,范围 v. (在某范围内)变动146. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹 v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立148. issue n. 问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地;足够152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的,始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)的159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增161. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的166. removal n. 除去,消除167. render vt. 使得,致使167. render 解释比较长,可要仔细体会啊!1. render sth(for sth) ;rendersth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换;回报;归还render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等:a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金render good for evil 以德报怨render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助render thanks to God 感谢上帝2. present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出(帐单):account rendered $50 开出50美元的帐单3. cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使(某人[某事物])处于某种状况:rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。
大学英语4 翻译
∙It is insulate∙It was a foul∙It was really thoughtful∙I received anonymous ∙I was very offended∙I made assume∙In fact,virtual∙Inspectors evaluation ∙He is courageous∙Digital downside∙The odds are∙The FBI disguised∙The dog provoked∙The economy faltering ∙The wine bold∙The electricity paralyzed ∙The course sharpen∙The hotel also boasts ∙The images captured ∙This is complimented N Kelly Y if you haveN the a p Y the mostY mark N all theY the a k N if you doN accor NG the bestNG the ren Y InY mis N preparati ∙They haste∙Their otherwise∙There disastrous∙Too strain∙Wilson absorbed∙We will in the hope that∙We waited intersection∙We are decisive∙She is only facility∙She said defy∙As a result,flattered∙As a beginner overcome∙My mind blank∙Minutes skeleton∙Figures released∙Cohen collapsed∙Each equivalent∙Journalists distorting∙Our ultimate∙Our analysis showsN scientists Y changing Y the succe N acc to AN the only Y the real Y miyazaki Y the newNG a paper N KeyY If NG the worsN the meaning N acc to LWhen teachers log on Where millions critiques the website keep tabs on Butsome rate theirPete says that offended Students a forumfor critical evaluations can be a tool forto do some s oul--searching so turnabout is fair play Decisions are part1.Correct2.making mistakes3.immobilizes4.losingopportunities5.put off6.impulsive7.downside8.rewards of risk9.probability of success10.soliciting opinionsone of the practice in sp captured acquire exploited center distorted worked out reconstruct infinite conventional haste mysterious conversational dominates pluckily scaffoldvisiblecombined1.这网站本质上是了解与我们打交道的人心声的一种良好途径。
大学英语四级词汇表(最全版)
大学英语四级词汇表(最全) aaccessory n.同谋,从犯;附件accidental a.偶然的;非本质的accommodate vt.容纳;供应,供给accordance n.一致;和谐;授予accordingly ad.因此,所以;照着advisable n.明智的;可取的agony n.极度痛苦alloy n.合金;(金属的)成色aluminium n.铝amongst prep在…之中(=among) amplify vt.放大,增强;扩大anticipate vt.预料,预期,期望apparatus n.器械,仪器;器官apparent a.表面上的;明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁;申述appliance n.用具,器具,器械applicable a.能应用的;适当的appoint vt.任命,委任;约定appointment n.任命;约定,约会arbitrary a.随心所欲的;专断的arise vi.出现;由…引起assemble vt.集合,召集;装配assembly n.集合;集会;装配attentive a.注意的;有礼貌的attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性aural a.耳的,听觉的auto n.(口语)汽车auxiliary a.辅助的;附属的aviation n.航空,航空学awful a.令人不愉快的awfully ad.令人畏惧的;很awkward a.笨拙的;尴尬的ax n.斧子axis n.轴,轴线;中心线bbanner n.旗,旗帜,横幅barber n.理发师barn n.谷仓;牲口棚barrel n.桶;圆筒;枪管barrier n.栅栏,屏障;障碍bay n.湾;山脉中的凹处beast n.兽,野兽;牲畜beloved a.为…的爱的n.爱人berry n.浆果(如草莓等)bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌blade n.刀刃,刀片;叶片blast n.爆炸,冲击波vt.炸blaze n.火;闪光vi.燃烧blend vt.&vi.&n.混和bloom n.花;开花,开花期blossom n.花,开花vi.开花boast vi.自夸vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆的;冒失的bolt n.螺栓;插销vt.闩门booth n.货摊;公用电话亭bosom n.胸,胸部;内心bough n.树枝brand n.商品;烙印vt.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜;黄铜器breed n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风,和风brim n.边,边缘;帽沿brisk a.活泼的;清新的bristle n.短而硬的毛;鬃毛brittle a.脆的;易损坏的bronze n.青铜;青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟vt.孵(蛋) brook n.小河,溪流broom n.扫帚brow n.额;眉,眉毛bruise n.青肿,伤痕;擦伤brute n.禽兽,畜生bucket n.水桶;吊桶;铲斗bud n.芽,萌芽;蓓蕾bulk n.物体,容积,大批bullet n.枪弹,子弹,弹丸burden n.担子,重担;装载量bureau n.局,司,处;社,所butter n.黄油;奶油button n.扣子;按钮vt.扣紧ccabin n.小屋;船舱,机舱cabinet n.橱,柜;内阁cable n.缆,索;电缆;电报cafeteria n.自助食堂candidate n.候选人;投考者candle n.蜡烛;烛形物;烛光cannon n.大炮,火炮;榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟,皮艇,划子canteen n.小卖部;临时餐室canvas n.粗帆布;一块油画布captive n.俘虏,被监禁的人capture vt.捕获,俘获;夺得cargo n.船货,货物carriage n.客车厢;四轮马车carrier n.运输工具;运载工具cart n.二轮运货马车carve vt.刻,雕刻;切开case n.箱(子),盒(子),套cassette n.盒式录音带;盒子catalog n.目录,目录册cathedral n.总教堂;大教堂cellar n.地窑,地下室cement n.水泥;胶泥vt.粘结chamber n.会议室;房间;腔charming a.迷人的,可爱的cherry n.樱桃;樱桃树chill vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱,烟筒;玻璃罩chin n.颏,下巴chop vt.砍,劈;切细vi.砍circumference n.圆周,周长,圆周线clasp n.扣子,钩子;别针clay n.粘土,泥土;肉体clerk n.店员;办事员,职员cliff n.悬崖,峭壁cloak n.斗篷;覆盖(物)coal n.煤,煤块coarse a.粗的,粗糙的cock n.公鸡;雄禽;旋塞coil n.(一)卷;线圈vt.卷collapse vi.倒坍;崩溃,瓦解colonel n.陆军上校;中校column n.柱,支柱,圆柱commerce n.商业,贸易;社交communism munist主义communist munistparty员compel vt.强迫,迫使屈服compile vt.编辑,编制,搜集complicate vt.使复杂;使陷入complicated a.复杂的,难懂的compound n.化合物;复合词compress vt.压紧,压缩comprise vt.包含,包括;构成comrade n.同志,亲密的同伴conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concrete n.混凝土;具体物condense vt.压缩,使缩短confess vt.供认,承认;坦白confine vt.限制;禁闭congress n.大会;国会,议会conjunction n.接合,连接;连接词consent n.同意,赞成vi.同意conservation n.保存,保护;守恒conservative a.保守的n.保守的人considerable a.相当大的;重要的considerate a.考虑周到的;体谅的constitution n.章程;体质;构造contempt n.轻蔑;藐视;受辱contest vt.争夺,争取;辩驳contract n.契约,合同;婚约convention n.习俗,惯例;公约conventional a.普通的;习惯的conversation n.会话,非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变,转化;改变convert vt.使转变;使改变coordinate vt.使协调,调节copper n.铜;铜币,铜制器cord n. 细绳,粗线,索cordial a.真诚的,诚恳的core n.果实的心,核心corn n.谷物;(英)小麦corridor n.走廊,回廊,通路coward n.懦夫;胆怯者crack n.裂缝,裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺;手艺,行业crane n.起重机,摄影升降机crawl vi.爬,爬行creep vi.爬行;缓慢地行进cricket n.板球;蟋蟀cripple n.跛子;残废的人crow n.鸦,乌鸦vi.啼crown n.王冠,冕;花冠crude a.简陋的;天然的cruel a.残忍的,残酷的crush vt.压碎,碾碎;镇压crust n.面包皮;硬外皮crystal n.水晶,结晶体;晶粒cubic a.立方形的;立方的cultivate vt.耕;种植;培养cunning a.狡猾的,狡诈的cure vt.医治;消除n.治愈curl n.卷毛;螺旋vi.卷曲curve n.曲线;弯vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子,坐垫,靠垫ddaring a.大胆的,勇敢的decay vi.腐烂;衰败n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗,欺诈deceive vt.欺骗,蒙蔽,行骗decent a.正派的;体面的deck n.甲板;舱面;层面deduce vt.演绎,推论,推断deed n.行为;功绩;契约defect n.缺点,缺陷,欠缺define vt.给…下定义;限定definite a.明确的;肯定的definitely ad.一定地,明确地definition n.定义,释义;定界delegation n.代表团democracy n.民主,民主制democratic a.民主的,民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明;论证;表露dense a.密集的;浓厚的density n.密集,稠密;密度depress vt.使沮丧;按下derive vt.取得vi.起源descend vi.下来,下降;下倾despise vt.鄙视,蔑视detect vt.察觉,发觉;侦察detection n.察觉,发觉;侦察devil n.魔鬼,恶魔dew n.露,露水diagram n.图解,图表,简图dial n.钟面;拨号盘vt.拨dialect n.方言,土语,地方话diameter n.直径dictate vt.&vi.口授;命令dictation n.口授笔录,听写diligent a.勤勉的,勤奋的dim a.昏暗的;朦胧的dimension n.尺寸,尺度;面积dirt n.尘,土;污物,污垢disk n.圆盘,唱片;磁盘discipline n.纪律;训练vt.训练disguise vi.隐瞒,掩埋n.假装disgust n.厌恶,憎恶disposal n.丢掉,处理,销毁dispose vi.去掉,丢掉;销毁dispute vi.争论,争执n.争论dissolve vt.使溶解;解散distress n.忧虑,悲伤;不幸district n.区;地区,区域ditch n.沟,沟渠,渠道diverse a.不一样的,相异的dock n.船坞;码头;船厂domestic a.本国的;家庭的donkey n.驴;笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dose n.剂量,用量;一剂drain vt.排去;放水n.耗竭dread n.畏惧;KB vt.惧怕drip vi.滴下;漏水n.水滴drought n.旱灾,干旱drown vi.淹死,溺死drug n.药,药物,药材drum n.鼓;鼓状物,圆桶drunk a.醉的;陶醉的due a.预期的;应给的dumb a.哑的;无言的dump vt.倾卸,倾倒;倾销durable a.耐久的,耐用的duration n.持续,持久dwelling n.住处,寓所dye vt.染n.染料;染色eease n.容易,舒适vt.缓和echo n.回声,反响vi.重复elaborate a.复杂的;精心制作的elastic n.松紧带a.有弹性的elbow n.肘,肘部;弯管element n.成分;要素;元素elementary a.基本的;初级的eliminate vt.消灭,消除,排除elimination n.消灭,排除,消除embrace vt.拥抱;包括;包围emerge vi.出现,涌现;冒出emit vt.散发;发射;发表enclose vt.围住,圈起;附上encounter vt.遭遇,遇到n.遭遇endure vt.忍受;容忍engage vt.使从事于;聘用enormous a.巨大的,庞大的envelope n.信封;封套;封皮equivalent a.相等的;等量的era n.时代,年代;纪元erect vt.建造;使竖立evaporate vt.使蒸发vi.蒸发evolve vt.使进化;使发展exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大,夸张exceed vt.超过,胜过;超出exceedingly ad.极端地,非常excess n.超越;过量;过度excessive a.过多的,极度的exclaim vi.呼喊;惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足;短途旅行execute vt.将…处死;实施executive a.执行的n.执行者exert vt.尽(力),运用exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽;用尽expansion n.扩大,扩充;扩张exploit vt.剥削;利用;开拓extensive a.广阔的;广泛的exterior a.外部的;对外的external a.外部的,外面的ffacility n.设备;容易;便利faculty n.才能,能力;系,科faint a.微弱的;虚弱的fair n.定期集市;博览会fame n.名声,名望famine n.饥荒;严重的缺乏fasten vt.扎牢,扣住fatal a.致命的;命运的fate n.命运,天数fatigue n.疲劳,劳累feasible a.可行的;可能的feature n.特征,特色;面貌federal a.联邦的;联盟的feeble a.虚弱的;微弱的fertile a.肥沃的;多产的fertilizer n.肥料filter vt.过滤n.滤纸flavour n.味,味道;风味fleet n.舰队;船队,机群flesh n.肉,肌肉;肉体flock n.羊群,群;大量flourish vi.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺flu n.流行性感冒fluid n.流体,液体flush vi.奔流;(脸)发红formation n.形成;构成;形成物formula n.公式,式fraction n.小部分;片断;分数fragment n.碎片,破片,碎块frank a.坦白的,直率的freight n.货运;货物;运费friction n.摩擦,摩擦力fry vt.油煎,油炸,油炒fulfil vt.履行;满足;完成furious a.狂怒的;狂暴的furnace n.炉子,熔炉;鼓风炉furnish vt.供应,提供;装备ggallon n.加仑gang n.一帮,一伙garage n.车库;加油站gaseous a.气体的,气态的gasp vi.气喘,喘息gauge vt.量,测量n.量器generate vt.发生;引起;生殖generator n.发电机;发生者genius n.天才,天赋,天资genuine a.真的;真正的germ n.微生物,细菌,幼芽glide vi.滑动;消逝n.滑行glitter vi.闪闪发光n.闪光gloomy a.黑暗的;令人沮丧的goose n.鹅,雌鹅gown n.长袍,长外衣grace n.优美,文雅;雅致graceful a.优美的,优雅的gracious a.有礼貌的;仁慈的grant n.授给物vt.授予grave n.坟墓a.严重的grieve vt.使悲痛vi.悲痛grind vt.磨(碎);磨快grip vt.握紧,抓牢n.紧握groan vi.哼,呻吟n.呻吟grocer n.食品商;杂货商gross a.总的;严重的gulf n.海湾gum n.口香糖;树胶hhalt vi.停止;立定n.停住handkerchief n.手帕hare n.野兔harsh a.严厉的;刺耳的haste n.急速,急忙;草率hasten vt.催促vi.赶紧hasty a.急速的;仓促的hatred n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨hay n.干草hazard n.危险;公害headquarters n.司令部;总部heal vt.治愈;使和解heap n.(一)堆;大量hedge n.篱笆,树篱;障碍物heir n.后嗣,继承人hell n.地狱;极大的痛苦herd n.兽群,牧群vt.放牧hint n.暗示,示意;建议hollow a.空的;空洞的horn n.号角;警报器;角hostile a.敌方的;不友善的humid a.湿的,湿气重的hut n.小屋,棚屋hydrogen n.氢iidentical a.完全相同的;同一的idle a.空闲的;懒散的i.e. (=that is)那就是,即illustrate vt.(用图等)说明illustration n.说明,图解;例证mitate vt.模仿,仿效;仿制immense a.巨大的;极好的implication n.含义,暗示,暗指imply vt.暗示,意指imprison vt.关押,监禁;限制incline n.斜坡vt.使倾斜indefinite a.不明确的;不定的indicate vt.标示,表示;表明indication n.指示;表示;表明indifferent a.冷漠的;不积极的indignant a.愤慨的,义愤的indispensable a.必不可少的,必需的industrialize vt.使工业化inevitable a.不可避免的,必然的infant n.婴儿a.婴儿的infect vt.传染;感染inferior a.下等的;劣等的infinite a.无限的;无数的inhabit vt.居住于,栖息于inhabitant n.居民,住户inherit vt.继承(传统等)injection n.注射,注入;充满injury n.损害,伤害;受伤处inn n.小旅店;小酒店install vt.安装,设置installation n.安装;装置;设施instance n.例子,实例,事例instinct n.本能;直觉;生性institute n.研究所;学院institution n.协会;制度,习俗insufficient a.不足的;不适当的insult vt.&n.侮辱,凌辱intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的intense a.强烈的;紧张的intensity n.强烈,剧烈;强度intensive a.加强的;精耕细作的intention n.意图,意向,目的intentional a.故意的,有意识的interior a.内的;内地的n.内部intermediate a.中间的;中级的intimate a.亲密的;个人的introduce vt.介绍;引进,传入introduction n.介绍;引进;引言invade vt.入侵,侵略;侵袭invasion n.入侵,侵略;侵犯inward a.里面的ad.向内item n.条,条款;一条jjam n.果酱jam vt.使塞满;使堵塞jar n.罐子,坛子,广口瓶jet n.喷气式飞机;喷嘴jewish a.犹太人的jolly a.快活的;令人高兴的journal n.日报,杂志;日志jury n.陪审团;评奖团kkeen a.热心的;激烈的keeper n.看护人;饲养员kettle n.水壶,水锅knit vt.把…编结vi.编织knob n.门把,拉手;旋纽llabel n.标签;标记,符号lace n.鞋带,系带;花边lag vi.走得慢n.落后landlady n.女房东;女地主landlord n.地主;房东,店主lane n.(乡间)小路;跑道lap n.膝部;一圈laser n.激光lavatory n.盥洗室,厕所lawn n.草地,草坪,草场layer n.层,层次;铺设者layout n.布局,安排,设计lead n.铅,铅制品legend n.传说,传奇lens n.透镜,镜片;镜头lest conj.惟恐,以免lever n.杆,杠杆;控制杆liable a.易于…的;可能的liar n.说谎的人liberal a.心胸宽大的;慷慨的lieutenant n.陆军中尉;副职官员limb n.肢,臂,翼;树枝lime n.石灰linen n.亚麻布;亚麻织物liner n.班船,班机liquor n.酒;溶液,液剂locomotive n.火车头,机车lodge vi.暂住,借宿,投宿log n.原木,木料loop n.圈,环,环孔lord n.贵族;上帝,基督lorry n.运货汽车,卡车loyal a.忠诚的,忠心的loyalty n.忠诚,忠心lumber n.木材;木料;制材lump n.团,块;肿块mmagnet n.磁铁,磁石,磁体magnetic a.磁的,有吸引力的magnificent n.壮丽的;华丽的manly a.男子气概的,果断的manual a.体力的n.手册manufacture vt.制造n.制造;产品manufacturer n.制造商;制造厂marble n.大理石margin n.页边的空白;边缘marine a.海的;海上的marvelous a.奇迹般的;了不起的masterpiece n.杰作,名著mat n.席子;草席;垫子mayor n.市长meadow n.草地,牧草地mean a.自私的;吝啬的mean a.平均的n.平均值mercury n.水银,汞Mercury n.水星merit n.长处,优点;功过merry a.欢乐的,愉快的metric a.公制的,米制的midst n.中部,中间,当中might n.力量,威力,能力mill n.磨坊;制造厂minute a.微细的;详细的miserable a.痛苦的,悲惨的mislead vt.使误入岐途missile n.发射物;导弹mistress n.女主人;夫人moan n.呻吟声vi.呻吟moderate a.温和的;有节制的moist a.湿润的;多雨的moisture n.潮湿,湿气;温度molecule n.分子,克分子moral a.道德的;合乎道德的moreover ad.再者,加之,此外mortal a.终有一死的;致死的mould n.模子,模型vt.浇铸mouthful n.满口,一口,少量mute a.缄默的n.哑巴mutter vi.轻声低语;抱怨mutual a.相互的;共同的nnail n.钉;指甲vt.钉naked a.裸体的;无遮敝的namely ad.即,也就是nap n.小睡,打盹,瞌睡nasty a.龌龊的;淫猥的naughty a.顽皮的,淘气的navigation n.航行;航海术;导航nerve n.神经;勇敢,胆量nitrogen n.氮nonsense n.胡说,废话noticeable a.显而易见的;重要的nucleus n.核,核心;(原子)核nuisance n.讨厌的东西nylon n.尼龙,耐纶ooblige vt.迫使;施恩惠于obstacle n.障碍,障碍物,妨害occurrence n.发生,出现;事件odd a.奇数的;单只的odour n.气味,香气;味道omit vt.省略,省去;遗漏oppress vt.压迫,压制;压抑optical a.眼的;光学的orchestra n.管弦乐队ore n.矿,矿石,矿砂oriental a.东方的;东方国家的ornament n.装饰物;装饰orphan n.孤儿ounce n.盎司,英两outskirt n.外边,郊区oven n.炉,灶;烘箱owl n.猫头鹰,枭ppacific a.和平的n.太平洋pail n.桶,提桶painful a.使痛的;费力的palm n.手掌,手心;掌状物pan n.平底锅,盘子pane n.窗格玻璃panel n.专门小组;面,板pant n.气喘;心跳parade n.检阅paradise n.伊甸乐园;天堂parliament n.议会,国会paste n.糊,酱;浆湖pastime n.消遣,娱乐pave vt.铺,筑(路等)pearl n.珍珠;珍珠母peasant n.农民pebble n.卵石,细砾peculiar a.特有的;特别的peel vt.剥(皮),削(皮)peep vi.(从缝隙中)偷看penetrate vt.穿过vi.穿入peninsula n.半岛pension n.抚恤金,年金perceive vt.察觉,发觉;理解perspective n.透视;远景;观点pessimistic a.悲观的;厌世的petroleum n.石油phase n.阶段;方面;相位pierce vt.剌穿vi.穿入pillar n.柱,柱子;栋梁pinch vt.捏,拧,掐掉pioneer n.拓荒者;先驱者pit n.坑,地坑;煤矿pitch n.沥青pitch vt.投,掷vi.投掷plantation n.种植园;栽植plaster n.灰泥;硬膏;熟石膏plentiful a.丰富的,富裕的plough n.犁vt.&vi.犁,耕pluck vt.采,摘;拉下n.拉plunge vt.使投入;使陷入plural a.复数的n.复数porch n.门廊,入口处porridge n.粥,麦片粥porter n.搬运工人portrait n.消像,画像postage n.邮费,邮资pot n.锅,壶,罐,盆pound vt.捣碎;舂烂;猛击precaution n.预防;警惕preceding a.在前的;在先的precious a.珍贵的,宝贵的preface n.序言,前言,引语preferable a.更可取的,更好的preliminary a.预备的,初步的premier n.总理,首相prescribe vt.命令;处(方) preserve vt.保护;保存;腌渍prevail vi.胜,优胜;流行priest n.教士,牧师,神父procession n.队伍,行列proclaim vt.宣告,宣布;表明prominent a.实起的;突出的prompt a.及时的vt.敦促pronoun n.代名词prospect n.展望;前景,前程prosperity n.繁荣;昌盛,兴旺prosperous a.繁荣的,昌盛的protest vt.&vi.&n.抗议provision n.供应;预备;存粮pudding n.布丁puff n.(一)喷,(一)吹pulse n.脉搏;脉冲,脉动punch vt.冲出n.冲压机punch vt.用拳猛击n.拳打pursuit n.追赶;追求;事务qquart n.夸脱(=2品脱)queer a.奇怪的,古怪的quilt n.被(子)rracial a.种族的,人种的rack n.搁物架;行李架rack vt.使苦痛,折磨racket n.球拍radar n.雷达,无线电探测器radiate vi.发射光线;辐射radioactive a.放射性的radioactivity n.放射性,放射(现象) radish n.小萝卜radium n.镭radius n.半径rage n.(一阵)狂怒,盛怒raid n.袭击;突然搜查rake n.耙子vi.耙;搜索rank n.排,横行;社会阶层ratio n.比,比率rational a.理性的;出于理性的raw a.未煮过的;未加工的realm n.王国,国土;领域reap vt.&vi.收割,收获rear n.后部,后面;背面rear vt.抚养,培养;栽种rebel vi.造反n.造反者rebellion n.造反;叛乱;反抗recall vt.回想;叫回;收回recite vt.&vi.背诵,朗诵recollect vt.回忆,追忆,想起reed n.芦苇,芦杆,芦丛reel n.卷轴,卷筒reference n.参考;出处;提及refine vt.&vi.精炼,提纯refreshment n.茶点,点心,便餐refusal n.拒绝refute vt.驳斥,反驳,驳倒regulate vt.管理,控制;调整rehearsal n.排练,排演;练习reign n.君主统治;支配rein n.缰绳vi.驾驭,控制reinforce vt.增援,支援;加强rejoice vi.欣喜,高兴relevant a.有关的,贴切的reluctant a.不愿的,勉强的remarkable a.异常的,非凡的remedy n.&vt.治疗;补救remote a.相隔很远的;冷淡的removal n.移动;迁移;除掉render vt.表示,给予;使得repent vi.悔悟,悔改vt.后悔repetition n.重复,反复represent vt.描绘;代表;象征reproach vt.&n.责备,指责reproduce vt.&vi.繁殖,生殖republic n.共和国,共和政体republican a.共和国的reserve vt.储备,保留;预定reservior n.水库;蓄水池residence n.居住;驻扎;住处resident a.居住的n.居民resolution n.坚决,坚定;决定resort vi.&n.求助,凭借respective 各自的,各个的respectively ad.各自地,分别地restless a.不安定的,焦虑的restore vt.恢复;归还;修补restrain vt.抑制,遏制;限制restraint n.抑制;遏制;克制resume vt.恢复;重新开始retain vt.保持,保留,保有retreat vi.(被迫)退却,后退reveal vt.展现;揭示,揭露revenge vt.替…报仇n.报仇reverse vt.颠倒,翻转n.背面revise vt.修订,校订;修改revolt vi.&n.反抗,造反revolutionary a.革命的n.革命者rib n.肋,肋骨ribbon n.缎带,丝带;带ridge n.脊;岭,山脉;垄rifle n.步枪,来复枪ring n.环形物(如圈、环等)rival n.竞争者a.竞争的roar vi.吼叫;呼喊n.吼robe n.长袍,长衣,浴衣rod n.杆,竿,棒root n.根,根子vi.生根rot vt.烂,腐坏n.腐烂rotary a.旋转的,转动的rotate vi.旋转vt.使旋转rotation n.旋转,转动;循环rotten a.腐烂的,发臭的rouse vt.唤醒,唤起;惊起row n.(一)排,(一)行row vt.划(船等) vi.划船rug n.小地毯;毛毯rust n.锈vi.生锈,氧化rusty a.生锈的;变迟钝的ssack n.袋,麻袋;开除sacred a.上帝的;神圣的saddle n.鞍子,马鞍saint n.圣徒;基督教徒salute n.招呼,行礼vi.行礼saucer n.茶托,浅碟sausage n.香肠,腊肠saw n.锯子vt.锯,锯开scale n.天平;.标度;比例;大小scar n.伤疤,伤痕;创伤scarce a.缺乏的;希有的scarcely ad.仅仅;几乎不scatter vt.使消散;撒;散播scene n.发生地点;道具scent n.气味,香味;香水scissors n.剪刀,剪子scope n.范围;余地,机会scorn n.轻蔑;嘲笑vt.轻蔑scout n.侦察员,侦察机scrape vt.&vi.&n.刮,擦scratch vt.&vi.&n.搔;抓scream vi.尖叫;呼啸screw n.螺旋,螺丝vt.拧紧secondary a.第二的;次要的semiconductor n.半导体senate n.参议院,上院sequence n.连续,继续;次序session n.会议,一段时间shallow a.浅的;浅薄的shave vt.剃,刮vi.修面shear vt.剪;剥夺vi.剪shed vt.流出;散发;脱落shed n.棚,小屋;贷棚shepherd n.牧羊人,羊倌shield n.盾;防护物vt.保护shilling n.先令shiver vi.颤抖,哆嗦n.冷颤shriek vi.尖声喊叫n.尖叫声signature n.署名,签字,签名silver n.银;银子;银器sin n.罪,罪孽vi.犯罪sketch n.略图;速写;概略slam vt.使劲关,砰地放下slit n.裂缝vt.切开,撕开slope n.倾斜;斜面vi.倾斜slum n.贫民窟,贫民区sly a.狡猾的;躲躲闪闪的smart a.巧妙的;洒脱的soak vt.浸,泡vi.浸泡sob vi.&n.啜泣,呜咽sober a.清醒的;适度的sole n.脚底,鞋底,袜底solemn a.庄严的;隆重的sophisticated a.老于世故的;高级的sore a.痛的;恼火的n.疮spade n.铲,铁锹span n.跨距;一段时间spear n.矛,枪specify vi.指定,详细说明specimen n.样本,标本,样品spectacle n.光景,景象;眼镜sphere n.球,圆体;范围spider n.蜘蛛spill vt.使溢出vi.溢出spiritual a.精神的,心灵的spit vi.吐vi.吐唾沫splash vt.&n.溅,泼,飞溅sponge n.海绵sponsor n.发起者vt.发起spontaneous a.自发的;本能的spoon n.匙,调羹sprinkle n.洒,撒;小雨spur n.刺激物vt.刺激stab vt.&vi.&n.刺,戳stable n.厩,马厩,牛棚stack n.堆,垛vt.堆积staircase n.楼梯,楼梯间stake n.桩;赌金;奖品stale n.陈腐的;走了气的standpoint n.立场,观点startle vt.使大吃一惊n.吃惊static a.静的;静态的steer vt.&vi.驾驶stem n.茎,(树)干vi.起源stern a.严厉的;坚定的steward n.乘务员,服务员stewardess n.空中小姐,女乘务员sticky a.粘性的;胶粘的stiff a.硬的;僵直的stiffen vt.使硬;使僵硬stimulate vt.刺激,激励,激发sting vt.刺;刺痛vi.&n.刺stir vt.动;拨动;激动stitch n.一针;针脚vt.缝stock n.原料;库存品;股本stocking n.长(统)袜stony a.多石的;冷酷的stool n.凳子stoop vi.俯身;弯身n.弯腰storey n.(层)楼strain vt.拉紧vi.尽力strap n.带子vt.捆扎strategy n.战略;策略strike vt.&vi.打,击n.罢工string n.线,细绳;一串strip vt.剥;夺去n.条带stroke n.打,击;鸣声;中风stroke vt.&n.抚,摩,捋structural a.结构的,构造的structure n.结构;构造vt.建造stuff n.材料vt.装,填,塞stumble vi.绊倒;犯错误submarine a.水下的n.潜水艇submerge vt.浸没vi.潜入水中subsequent a.随后的,后来的substantial a.物质的;坚固的suburb n.郊区,郊外,近郊succession n.连续;继任,继承successive a.连续的;接连的sulphur n.硫(磺),硫黄superficial a.表面的;肤浅的supplement n.&vt.增补,补充surgery n.外科,外科手术surrender vt.交出vi.投降suspend vt.吊,悬;推迟suspicion n.怀疑,疑心,猜疑sustain vt.支撑;供养;忍受swamp n.沼泽,沼泽地swarm n.一大群vi.密集sway vi.摇动vt.摇;摇动swell vi.膨胀;隆起;增长swift a.快的;反应快的sympathetic a.同情的;和谐的sympathize vi.同情;同感,共鸣sympathy n.同情;一致,同感synthetic a.综合的;合成的ttag n.附加语;标签tailor n.裁缝vt.裁制衣服tame a.驯服的;顺从的tan n.棕褐色a.棕黄色的tap vt.& vi.& n.轻叩tap n.塞子;龙头vt.开发tedious a.冗长乏味的,沉闷的telegram n.电报telegraph n.电报机;电报temper n.韧度;心情,情绪tempt vt.引诱,诱惑;吸引temptation n.诱惑,引诱tenant n.承担人,房客,佃户tender a.嫩的;脆弱的tense n.时态,时tense a.拉紧的,绷紧的terrific a.可怕的;极大的territory n.领土,版图;领域textile n.纺织品a.纺织的thermometer n.温度计,寒暑表thorn n.刺,棘;荆棘;蒺藜thrive vi.兴旺,繁荣,旺盛throat n.咽喉,喉咙;嗓音throne n.宝座,御座;王位throng n.群thrust vt.插,刺n.插;讽刺timber n.木材,木料timid a.胆怯的;羞怯的tin n.锡;罐头tiny a.微小的,极小的toast n.烤面包vt.烘,烤toast n.祝酒;祝酒词tobacco n.烟草,烟叶torch n.火炬,火把;手电筒torrent n.奔流,激流,洪流torture n.拷问;折磨vt.拷打toss vt.&vi.扔,抛,掷tractor n.拖拉机;牵引车tragedy n.悲剧;惨事,惨案traitor n.叛徒,卖国贼tram n.(有轨)电车tramp n.流浪者,游民transfer vt.转移;调动vi.转移transistor n.晶体管transparent a.透明的;易识破的trap n.陷阱;诡计vt.诱骗tray n.(浅)盘,托盘,碟treason n.谋反,通敌,叛国罪treaty n.条约;协议,协定tremble vi.发抖,哆嗦;摇动tremendous a.极大的,非常的trend vi.伸向;倾向n.倾向tribe n.部落,宗族trick n.诡计;窍门vt.哄骗trifle n.小事,琐事;少许trim a.整齐的vt.使整齐triumph n.凯旋;胜利vi.成功troop n.军队;一群,大量tropical a.热带的trumpet n.喇叭,小号trunk n.树干;大衣箱,皮箱tuck vt.折短,卷起;塞tumble vi.摔倒,跌倒;打滚turbine n.叶轮机,汽轮机turbulent a.骚动的,骚乱的turnip n.萝卜,芜菁tyre n.轮胎,车胎uultimate a.最后的,最终的ultimately ad.最终,最后uncover vt.揭开…的盖子underneath ad.在下面,在底下undo vt.解开,打开;取消upside-down a.颠倒的,乱七八糟的utility n.效用,有用,实用utilize vt.利用utmost a.最远的n.极限utter a.完全的,彻底的utter vt.发出,说,讲vvacuum n.真空;真空吸尘器van n.大篷车,运货车vanity n.虚荣心,虚夸vapour n.汽,蒸气variable a.易变的n.变量variation n.变化,变动;变异veil n.面纱,面罩;遮蔽物velocity n.速度,速率velvet n.丝绒,天鹅绒venture n.&vi.冒险vt.敢于verify vt.证实,查证;证明vertical a.垂直的,竖式的vessel n.容器;船,飞船;管veteran n.老兵,老手vex vt.使烦恼,使恼火vibrate vt.使颤动vi.颤动vibration n.颤动,振动;摆动vice n.(老)虎钳vigorous a.朝气蓬勃的vine n.葡萄树vinegar n.醋vital a.生命的;有生命力的volt n.伏特,伏voltage n.电压volume n.卷,册;容积;音量wwage vt.开展(运动)waggon n.四轮运货马车waterproof a.不透水的,防水的weary a.疲倦的vt.使疲乏weave vt.织,编vi.纺织weed n.杂草,野草vi.除草weld vt.&n.焊接,熔接wheat n.小麦whilst conj.&n.当…的时候whip vt.鞭笞;搅打n.鞭子whirl vt.使回旋vi.&n.回旋whitewash vt.粉刷,涂白wicked a.坏的;令人厌恶的width n.宽阔,广阔;宽度wipe vt.& n.揩,擦wit n.智力,才智,智能withstand vt.抵挡,反抗worship n.礼拜;崇拜vt.崇拜wound n.创伤,伤vt.使受伤wreath n.花环,花圈,花冠wreck n.失事;残骸vt.破坏wrist n.腕,腕关节xyyield vt.&vi.出产n.产量zzeal n.热心,热情,热忱zealous a.热心的,热情的。
英语四级翻译10篇
英语四级翻译10篇英语四级翻译10篇1.剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。
特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。
剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。
中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
[参考译文]Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given asa present to foreign friends.2.公元220年开始的300年里,中国分成了三个小王国。
英语四级CET4翻译:从句
• 【CET-6:2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_____________. (他都不应该对法庭说谎) Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从 未听到过这种胡说! 【CET-6:2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才 寄出) his application form. 参考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out) 3.the more…, the more结构中的倒装。 【CET-4:2006.6】90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂). 参考答案:the more confused I am
• 他是如何设法完成这项工作的,我们对此都很感 兴趣。 How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all . • 结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的 态度。 Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it .
•
真题重现 【CET-4:2006.12】Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to ________(适应不同文 化中的生活) 参考答案:adapt oneself to life in different cultures. 【CET-6:2007.1】After the terrorist attack, tourists _______(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游). 参考答案:were advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案(全15篇)
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案(1)聘金(endowment)是中国传统习俗的一部分。
通常,新郎(bridegroom)需要给新娘家一笔钱作为聃礼来定下婚礼。
但是近几年来其标准不断上升,致使大多数家庭都很难达到。
快速上涨的生活成本是聘金增加的主要原因。
对于大多数年轻人来说,结婚意味着独立组建家庭,然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。
因此,许多新婚夫妇都只能向父母求助。
表达难点1.第2句中的“作为聘礼”在汉译英时,可以顺承前面一句“聘金”而省略不译。
“来定下婚礼”表目的,故将其译作状语to fix a marriage。
2.第3句“……不断上升,致使大多数家庭都很难达到”表因果关系,可用so...that...结构来表达,“某人很难做某事”英语对应的表达为sb. finds it difficult to do sth,此句可译为...have become so high... that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them。
3.翻译第4句“快速上涨的生活成本是聘金增加的主要原因”时,如果按照原主干“生活成本是主要原因译,则不能很好表达出原句强调“上涨”的利害关系,故转换结构,用“快速上涨”作主语用介词短语in the living cost 作定语。
4.倒数第2句中的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭,然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难”是一个表转折的并列句。
但通过分析发现,“这一切”指代前半句内容,故可用which引导非限制性定语从句将前后分句联系起来,以避免不必要的信息重复,这样句子更加简洁紧凑。
“物价的不断上涨”处理成原因状语because of the constantly rising prices 置后,使句子表达清晰流畅。
参考译文Endowment is part of Chinese tradition. Usually, a bridegroom needs to pay a certain amount of money to the bride's family to fix a marriage. But the standards have become so high in recent years that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them. The rapid rise in the living cost is the main reason for the increase of endowment. For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. Consequently, many newly married couples turn to their parents for help.2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案(2)中国结(Chinese knot)是中国文化的典型代表之一。
大学英语四级cet4词汇表
abandon vt.丢弃;放弃,抛弃ability n.能力;能耐,本领abnormal a.不正常的;变态的aboard ad.在船(车)上;上船abroad ad.(在)国外;到处absence n.缺席,不在场;缺乏absent a.不在场的;缺乏的absolute a.绝对的;纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地;绝对地absorb vt.吸收;使专心abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要abundant a.丰富的;大量的abuse vt.滥用;虐待 n.滥用academic a.学院的;学术的academy n.私立中学;专科院校accelerate vt.(使)加快;促进acceleration n.加速;加速度accent n.口音,腔调;重音acceptable a.可接受的,合意的acceptance n.接受,验收;承认access n.接近;通道,入口accessory n.同谋,从犯;附件accident n.意外的;事故accidental a.偶然的;非本质的accommodate vt.容纳;供应,供给accommodation n.招待设备;预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴,陪同;伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的);完成accord vt.使一致;给予accordance n.一致;和谐;授予accordingly ad.因此,所以;照着account n.记述;解释;帐目accumulate vt.积累 vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性);准确度accurate a.准确的,正确无误的accuse vt.指责;归咎于accustom vt.使习惯accustomed a.惯常的;习惯的achieve vt.完成,实现;达到achievement n.完成;成就,成绩acid n.酸;酸的,酸性的acquaintance n.认识;了解;熟人acquire vt.取得;获得;学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩) act vi.行动;见效 n.行为action n.行动;作用;功能active a.活跃的;积极的activity n.活动;活力;行动actress n.女演员actually ad.实际上;竟然acute a.尖的,锐的;敏锐的adapt vt.使适应;改编add vt.添加,附加,掺加addition n.加,加法;附加物additional a.附加的,追加的address n.地址;演说;谈吐adequate a.足够的;可以胜任的adjective n.形容词 a.形容词的adjust vt.调整,调节;校正administration n.管理;管理部门admire vt.钦佩,羡慕,赞赏admission n.允许进入;承认admit vt.承认;准许…进入adopt vt.收养;采用;采取advance vi.前进;提高 n.进展advanced a.先进的;高级的advantage n.优点,优势;好处adventure n.冒险;惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告;登广告advisable n.明智的;可取的advise vt.劝告;建议;通知aeroplane n.飞机affair n.事情,事件;事务affect vt.影响;感动affection n.慈爱,爱;爱慕afford vt.担负得起…;提供African a.非洲的 n.非洲人agency n.经办;代理;代理处agent n.代理人,代理商aggressive a.侵略的;好斗的agony n.极度痛苦agreement n.协定,协议;同意agriculture n.农业,农艺;农学aid n.帮助,救护;助手aircraft n.飞机,飞行器airline n.航空公司;航线airplane n.飞机airport n.机场,航空站alarm n.惊恐,忧虑;警报alcohol n.酒精,乙醇allow vt.允许,准许;任alloy n.合金;(金属的)成色alone a.单独的 ad.单独地alphabet n.字母表,字母系统alter vt.改变,变更;改做alternative n.替换物;取舍,抉择although conj.尽管,虽然altitude n.高,高度;高处altogether ad.完全;总而言之aluminium n.铝amaze vt.使惊奇,使惊愕ambition n.雄心,抱负,野心ambulance n.救护车;野战医院amongst prep在…之中(=among)amount n.总数;数量;和ampere n.安培amplify vt.放大,增强;扩大amuse vt.逗…乐;给…娱乐analyse vt.分析,分解,解析analysis n.分析,分解,解析ancestor n.祖宗,祖先anchor n.锚 vi.抛锚,停泊ancient a.古代的,古老的angel n.天使,神差,安琪儿anger n.怒,愤怒 vt.使发怒angle n.角,角度angry a.愤怒的,生气的ankle n.踝,踝节部announce vt.宣布,宣告,发表announcer n.宣告者;播音员annoy vt.使恼怒;打搅annual a.每年的 n.年报anticipate vt.预料,预期,期望anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑;渴望anxious a.忧虑的;渴望的anyway ad.无论如何apart ad.相隔;分开;除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉,谢罪,认错apology n.道歉,认错,谢罪apparatus n.器械,仪器;器官apparent a.表面上的;明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁;申述appear vi.出现;来到;似乎appearance n.出现,来到;外观appetite n.食欲,胃口;欲望appliance n.用具,器具,器械applicable a.能应用的;适当的application n.请求,申请;施用apply vt.应用,实施,使用appoint vt.任命,委任;约定appointment n.任命;约定,约会appreciate vt.欣赏;领会;感谢approach vt.向…靠近 n.靠近appropriate a.适当的,恰当的approval n.赞成,同意;批准approve vt.赞成,称许;批准1approximately ad.近似地,大约Arabian a.阿拉伯的arbitrary a.随心所欲的;专断的architecture n.建筑学;建筑式样argument n.争论,辩论;理由arise vi.出现;由…引起arithmetic n.算术,四则运算arouse vt.引起,唤起;唤醒arrangement n.整理,排列;安排arrest vt.逮捕,拘留;阻止arrival n.到达;到来;到达者arrive vi.到达;来临;达到arrow n.箭;箭状物artificial a.人工的;娇揉造作的artist n.艺术家,美术家artistic a.艺术的;艺术家的ash n.灰,灰末;骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的);羞耻(的) asleep a.睡着的,睡熟的aspect n.方面;样子,外表assemble vt.集合,召集;装配assembly n.集合;集会;装配assess vt.对(财产等)估价assign vt.指派;分配;指定assignment n.任务,指定的作业assist vt.援助,帮助;搀扶assistant n.助手,助理;助教associate vi.交往 n.伙伴,同事association n.协会,团体;联合assume vt.假定;承担;呈现assure vt.使确信;向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶,使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员,宇航员athlete n.运动员;田径运动员Atlantic a.大西洋的 n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气;空气;气氛atmospheric a.大气的;大气层的atom n.原子;微粒;微量atomic a.原子的;原子能的attach vt.缚,系,贴;附加attack vt.&vi.&n.攻击,进攻attain vt.达到,获得,完成attempt vt.尝试,试图 n.企图attend vt.出席;照顾,护理attention n.注意,留心;注意力attentive a.注意的;有礼貌的attitude n.态度,看法;姿势attract vt.吸引;引起,诱惑attraction n.吸引;吸引力;引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vt.把…归因于 n.属性audience n.听众,观众,读者August n.八月aural a.耳的,听觉的Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的author n.作者,作家authority n.当局,官方;权力auto n.(口语)汽车automatic a.自动的;机械的automation n.自动,自动化automobile n.汽车,机动车auxiliary a.辅助的;附属的available a.可利用的;通用的avenue n.林荫道,道路;大街average n.平均数 a.平均的aviation n.航空,航空学avoid vt.避免,躲开;撤消await vt.等候,期待awake a.醒着的 vt.唤醒award n.奖,奖品;判定aware a.知道的,意识到的awful a.令人不愉快的awfully ad.令人畏惧的;很awkward a.笨拙的;尴尬的ax n.斧子axis n.轴,轴线;中心线bacteria n.细菌badminton n.羽毛球baggage n.行李bake vt.烤,烘,焙;烧硬balance vt.使平衡;称 n.天平band n.乐队;带;波段bang n.巨响,枪声;猛击banner n.旗,旗帜,横幅bar n.酒吧间;条,杆;栅barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的;仅仅的bargain n.交易 vi.议价;成交bark n.吠叫声 vi.吠,叫barn n.谷仓;牲口棚barrel n.桶;圆筒;枪管barrier n.栅栏,屏障;障碍basic a.基本的,基础的basically ad.基本上basin n.盆,洗脸盆;盆地basis n.基础,根据bat n.球拍;短棍;蝙蝠bath n.浴,洗澡;浴缸bathe vt.给…洗澡;弄湿bathroom n.浴室;盥洗室battery n.电池;一套,一组battle n.战役;斗争 vi.作战bay n.湾;山脉中的凹处B.C. (缩)公元前beach n.海滩,湖滩,河滩beam n.梁;横梁;束,柱bean n.豆,蚕豆bear n.熊;粗鲁的人bear vt.容忍;负担;生育beard n.胡须,络腮胡子beast n.兽,野兽;牲畜beat vt.&vi.打,敲;打败beautiful a.美的,美丽的beef n.牛肉;菜牛beg vt.&vi.乞求;请求beggar n.乞丐,穷人behalf n.利益,维护,支持behave vi.表现,举止;运转behavior n.行为,举止,态度being n.存在;生物;生命belief n.信任,相信;信念believe vt.相信;认为bell n.钟,铃,门铃;钟声belong vi.属于,附属beloved a.为…的爱的 n.爱人belt n.带,腰带;皮带;区bench n.长凳,条凳;工作台bend vt.使弯曲 vi.弯曲beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利的,有益的benefit n.利益;恩惠;津贴berry n.浆果(如草莓等)beside prep.在…旁边besides ad.而且prep.除…之外bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌betray vt.背叛;辜负;泄漏beyond prep.在…的那边Bible n.基督教《圣经》bill n.账单;招贴;票据billion num.万亿(英)bind vt.捆绑;包扎;装钉biology n.生物学;生态学birthday n.生日,诞生的日期biscuit n.(英)饼干;(美)软饼bite vt.咬,叮,螫;剌穿bitter a.痛苦的;严寒的bitterly ad.苦苦地;悲痛地blade n.刀刃,刀片;叶片blame vt.责备,把…归咎于2blank a.空白的 n.空白blanket n.毛毯,毯子,羊毛毯blast n.爆炸,冲击波 vt.炸blaze n.火;闪光 vi.燃烧bleed vi.出血,流血;泌脂blend vt.&vi.&n.混和bless vt.为…祝福blind a.瞎的;盲目的block n.街区 vt.堵塞,拦阻bloom n.花;开花,开花期blossom n.花,开花 vi.开花blow vi.吹,吹动;吹响boast vi.自夸 vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆的;冒失的bolt n.螺栓;插销 vt.闩门bomb n.BoB!!! vt.轰炸bond n.联结,联系;公债bone n.骨,骨骼boot n.靴子,长统靴booth n.货摊;公用电话亭border n.边,边缘;边界bore vt.使厌烦;钻,挖born a.天生的;出生的bosom n.胸,胸部;内心boss n.老板,上司 vt.指挥bother vt.烦扰,迷惑 n.麻烦bough n.树枝bounce vi.反跳,弹起;跳起bound a.一定的;有义务的boundary n.分界线,办界bow n.弓;蝴蝶结;鞠躬bowl n.碗,钵;碗状物box n.箱,盒;包箱;拳击vi.打拳brain n.脑,脑髓;脑力brake n.闸,刹车 vi.制动branch n.树枝;分部;分科brand n.商品;烙印 vt.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜;黄铜器breadth n.宽度,幅度;幅面breathe vi.呼吸 vt.呼吸breed n.品种 vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风,和风brick n.砖,砖块;砖状物brief a.简短的;短暂的brighten vt.使发光;使快活brilliant a.光辉的;卓越的brim n.边,边缘;帽沿brisk a.活泼的;清新的bristle n.短而硬的毛;鬃毛Britain n.不列颠,英国British a.不列颠的,英联邦的brittle a.脆的;易损坏的broadcast n.广播,播音broken a.被打碎的,骨折的bronze n.青铜;青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟 vt.孵(蛋)brook n.小河,溪流broom n.扫帚brow n.额;眉,眉毛brown n.褐色,棕色bruise n.青肿,伤痕;擦伤brush n.刷子,毛刷;画笔brute n.禽兽,畜生bubble n.泡 vi.冒泡,沸腾bucket n.水桶;吊桶;铲斗bud n.芽,萌芽;蓓蕾bulb n.电灯泡;球状物bulk n.物体,容积,大批bull n.公牛;雄的象bullet n.枪弹,子弹,弹丸bunch n.束,球,串;一群bundle n.捆,包,束;包袱burden n.担子,重担;装载量bureau n.局,司,处;社,所burst vt.使爆裂 vi.&n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬,葬;埋藏butcher n.屠夫;屠杀者butter n.黄油;奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.扣子;按钮 vt.扣紧cabbage n.洋白菜,卷心菜cabin n.小屋;船舱,机舱cabinet n.橱,柜;内阁cable n.缆,索;电缆;电报cafeteria n.自助食堂calculate vt.计算;估计;计划calculator n.计算器,计算者calendar n.日历,历书;历法camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机,摄影机camp n.野营,营地,兵营campaign n.战役;运动campus n.校园,学校场地Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的canal n.运河;沟渠;管cancel vt.取消,撤消;删去cancer n.癌,癌症,肿瘤candidate n.候选人;投考者candle n.蜡烛;烛形物;烛光candy n.糖果;砂糖结晶cannon n.大炮,火炮;榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟,皮艇,划子canteen n.小卖部;临时餐室canvas n.粗帆布;一块油画布capable a.有能力的,有才能的capacity n.容量;能力;能量capital n.资本,资金;首都captain n.陆军上尉;队长captive n.俘虏,被监禁的人capture vt.捕获,俘获;夺得carbon n.碳care vi.关心,介意 n.小心career n.生涯,职业,经历careful a.仔细的;细致的careless a.粗心的,漫不经心的cargo n.船货,货物carpenter n.木工,木匠carpet n.地毯,毡毯,毛毯carriage n.客车厢;四轮马车carrier n.运输工具;运载工具carrot n.胡罗卜carry vt.携带;运载;传送cart n.二轮运货马车carve vt.刻,雕刻;切开case n.情况;事实;病例case n.箱(子),盒(子),套cash n.现金,现款cassette n.盒式录音带;盒子cast vt.投,扔,抛;浇铸castle n.城堡;巨大建筑物casual a.偶然的;随便的catalog n.目录,目录册catch vt.捉住;赶上;领会cathedral n.总教堂;大教堂cattle n.牛;牲口,家畜cause n.原因,理由;事业cave n.山洞,洞穴,窑洞cease vi.&vi.&n.停止,停息ceiling n.天花板,顶蓬celebrate vt.庆祝;歌颂,赞美cell n.细胞;小房间cellar n.地窑,地下室cement n.水泥;胶泥 vt.粘结centigrade a.百分度的centimetre n.公分,厘米central a.中心的;主要的centre n.中心;中枢 vt.集中century n.世纪,百年3ceremony n.典礼,仪式;礼节certainly ad.一定,必定;当然certainty n.必然;肯定certificate n.证书,证件,执照chain n.链,链条,项圈challenge n.挑战;要求,需要chamber n.会议室;房间;腔champion n.冠军,得胜者chance n.机会,机遇;可能性change n.改变,变化;零钱channel n.海峡;渠道;频道chapter n.章,回,篇character n.性格;特性;角色characteristic a.特有的 n.特性charge vt.索价;控告 n.费用charity n.施舍;慈善事业charming a.迷人的,可爱的chart n.图,图表;海图chase n.追逐,追赶,追求cheap a.廉价的;劣质的cheat vt.骗取;哄 vi.行骗check vt.检查;制止 n.检查cheek n.面颊,脸蛋cheer vt.使振作;欢呼cheerful a.快乐的,愉快的cheese n.乳酪,干酪chemical a.化学的 n.化学制品chemist n.化学家;药剂师chemistry n.化学cheque n.支票cherry n.樱桃;樱桃树chess n.棋;国际象棋chest n.胸腔,胸膛;箱子chew vt.咀嚼,嚼碎chicken n.小鸡,小鸟;鸡肉chief a.主要的;首席的childhood n.童年,幼年;早期childish a.孩子的;幼稚的chill vt.使变冷 n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱,烟筒;玻璃罩chin n.颏,下巴china n.瓷器,瓷料chocolate n.巧克力;巧克力糖choice n.选择,抉择choke vt.使窒息;塞满choose vt.选择,挑选;情愿chop vt.砍,劈;切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒;信徒Christmas n.圣诞节cigarette n.香烟,纸烟,卷烟cinema n.电影院;电影,影片circuit n.电路;环行;巡行circular a.圆的;循环的circulate vt.使循环 vi.循环circumference n.圆周,周长,圆周线circumstance n.情况,条件;境遇citizen n.公民;市民,居民civil a.公民的;文职的civilization n.文明,文化;开化civilize vt.使文明;教育claim vt.声称,主张;索取clap vi.拍手 vt.拍,轻拍clarify vt.澄清,阐明clasp n.扣子,钩子;别针classical a.古典的;经典的classification n.分类;分级;分类法classify vt.把…分类classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室,课堂claw n.爪,脚爪,螯clay n.粘土,泥土;肉体clean a.清洁的;纯洁的clear a.清晰的 vt.清除clearly ad.明白地,清晰地clerk n.店员;办事员,职员clever a.聪明的;机敏的cliff n.悬崖,峭壁climate n.气候;风土,地带climb vi.攀登,爬 vt.爬cloak n.斗篷;覆盖(物)closely ad.紧密地,接近地clothe vt.给…穿衣服clue n.线索,暗示,提示clumsy a.笨拙的;愚笨的coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤,煤块coarse a.粗的,粗糙的coast n.海岸,海滨(地区)cock n.公鸡;雄禽;旋塞code n.准则;法典;代码coffee n.咖啡,咖啡茶coil n.(一)卷;线圈 vt.卷coin n.硬币;铸造(硬币)collapse vi.倒坍;崩溃,瓦解collar n.衣领,项圈colleague n.同事,同僚collect vt.收集 vi.收款collection n.搜集,收集;收藏品collective a.集体的;集合性的college n.学院;大学collision n.碰撞;冲突colonel n.陆军上校;中校colony n.殖民地;侨居地color n.颜色,彩色;颜料column n.柱,支柱,圆柱comb n.梳子 vt.梳理combination n.结合,联合;化合combine vt.使结合;兼有comfort n.舒适;安慰 vt.安慰comfortable a.舒适的,安慰的command vt.命令,指挥;控制commander n.司令官,指挥员comment n.评论,意见;注释commerce n.商业,贸易;社交commercial a.商业的;商品化的commission n.委任状;委员会commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事)committee n.委员会;全体委员common a.普通的;共同的commonly ad.普通地,一般地communicate vi.通讯;传达;传播communication n.通讯;传达;交通communism munist主义communist munistparty员community n.社区;社会;公社companion n.同伴;共事者;伴侣company n.公司,商号;同伴comparative a.比较的,相对的compare vt.比较,对照;比作comparison n.比较,对照;比似compass n.罗盘,指南针;圆规compel vt.强迫,迫使屈服compete vi.比赛;竞争;对抗competent a.有能力的;应该做的competition n.竞争,比赛compile vt.编辑,编制,搜集complain vi.抱怨,拆苦;控告complaint n.抱怨;怨言;控告complete a.完整的;完成的completely ad.十分,完全地complex a.结合的;复杂的complicate vt.使复杂;使陷入complicated a.复杂的,难懂的component n.组成部分;分;组件compose vt.组成,构成;创作composition n.构成;作品;写作compound n.化合物;复合词4comprehension n.理解;领悟comprehensive a.广泛的;理解的compress vt.压紧,压缩comprise vt.包含,包括;构成compromise n.妥协,和解compute vt.计算,估计,估算computer n.计算机,电脑comrade n.同志,亲密的同伴conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate vt.集中;聚集;浓缩concentration n.集中;专注;浓缩concept n.概念,观念,设想concern n.关心,挂念;关系concerning prep.关于concert n.音乐会,演奏会conclude vt.推断出;结束conclusion n.结论,推论;结尾concrete n.混凝土;具体物condemn vt.谴责,指责;判刑condense vt.压缩,使缩短condition n.状况,状态;环境conduct n.举止,行为;指导conductor n.售票员;(乐队)指挥conference n.会议,讨论会confess vt.供认,承认;坦白confidence n.信任;信赖;信心confident n.确信的,自信的confine vt.限制;禁闭confirm vt.证实,肯定;批准conflict n.争论;冲突;斗争confuse vt.使混乱,混淆confusion n.混乱;骚乱;混淆congratulate vt.祝贺,向…道喜congratulation n.祝贺;祝贺词congress n.大会;国会,议会conjunction n.接合,连接;连接词connect vt.连接,连结;联系connection n.连接,联系;连贯性conquer vt.征服,战胜;破除conquest n.攻取,征服;克服conscience n.良心,道德心conscious a.意识到的;有意的consciousness n.意识,觉悟;知觉consent n.同意,赞成 vi.同意consequence n.结果,后果consequently ad.因此,因而,所以conservation n.保存,保护;守恒conservative a.保守的 n.保守的人consider vt.认为;考虑;关心considerable a.相当大的;重要的considerate a.考虑周到的;体谅的consideration n.考虑,思考;体贴consist vi.由…组成;在于consistent a.坚持的,一贯的constant a.经常的;永恒的constitution n.章程;体质;构造construct vt.建造;建设;构筑construction n.建造;建筑;建筑物consult vt.请教,查阅consume vt.消耗,消费;消灭consumption n.消耗量;消耗contact vt.使接触;与…联系contain vt.包含,容纳;等于container n.容器;集装箱contemporary a.当代的,同时代的contempt n.轻蔑;藐视;受辱content n.内容,目录;容量content a.满意的,满足的contest vt.争夺,争取;辩驳continent n.大陆;陆地;洲continual a.不断的;连续的continue vt.继续,连续;延伸continuous a.连续不断的,持续的contract n.契约,合同;婚约contradiction n.矛盾,不一致;否认contrary a.相反的 n.相反contrast n.对比,对照,悬殊contribute vt.捐献,捐助;投稿control vt.控制,克制 n.控制convenience n.便利,方便;厕所convenient a.便利的;近便的convention n.习俗,惯例;公约conventional a.普通的;习惯的conversation n.会话,非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变,转化;改变convert vt.使转变;使改变convey vt.传送;运送;传播convince vt.使确信,使信服cook vt.烹调,煮 vt.烧菜cooperate vi.合作,协作;配合coordinate vt.使协调,调节cope vi.对付,应付copper n.铜;铜币,铜制器copy n.抄件 vt.抄写,复制cord n. 细绳,粗线,索cordial a.真诚的,诚恳的core n.果实的心,核心corn n.谷物;(英)小麦corner n.角;犄角;边远地区corporation n.公司,企业;社团correct a.正确的 vt.纠正correction n.改正,纠正,修改correspond vi.相符合;相当correspondent n.通信者;通讯员corresponding a.相应的;符合的corridor n.走廊,回廊,通路cost n.价格,代价;成本costly a.昂贵的;价值高的cottage n.村舍,小屋cotton n.棉;棉线;棉布council n.理事会,委员会count vt.计算 vi.数,计数counter n.柜台;计数器county n.英国的郡,美国的县course n.课程;过程;一道菜court n.法院,法庭;庭院cousin n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹)coward n.懦夫;胆怯者crack n.裂缝,裂纹 vi.爆裂craft n.工艺;手艺,行业crane n.起重机,摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞,坠落 n.碰撞crawl vi.爬,爬行crazy a.疯狂的,荒唐的cream n.奶油,乳脂;奶油色create vt.创造;引起,产生creative a.创造性的,创作的creature n.生物,动物,家畜credit n.信用贷款;信用creep vi.爬行;缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员cricket n.板球;蟋蟀crime n.罪,罪行;犯罪criminal n.犯人,罪犯,刑事犯cripple n.跛子;残废的人crisis n.危机;存亡之际critic n.批评家,爱挑剔的人critical a.决定性的;批评的criticism n.批评;批判;评论criticize vt.批评;评论;非难5crop n.农作物,庄稼;一熟crow n.鸦,乌鸦 vi.啼crowd n.群;大众;一伙人crown n.王冠,冕;花冠crude a.简陋的;天然的cruel a.残忍的,残酷的crush vt.压碎,碾碎;镇压crust n.面包皮;硬外皮crystal n.水晶,结晶体;晶粒cube n.立方形;立方cubic a.立方形的;立方的cucumber n.黄瓜cultivate vt.耕;种植;培养culture n.文化,文明;教养cunning a.狡猾的,狡诈的cupboard n.碗柜,碗碟橱;食橱cure vt.医治;消除 n.治愈curiosity n.好奇,好奇心;珍品curious a.好奇的;稀奇古怪的curl n.卷毛;螺旋 vi.卷曲current a.当前的;通用的curse n.诅咒,咒骂;天谴curtain n.帘,窗帘;幕(布)curve n.曲线;弯 vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子,坐垫,靠垫custom n.习惯,风俗;海关customer n.顾客,主顾cycle n自行车,循环daily a.每日的 n.日报dairy n.牛奶场;乳制品dam n.水坝,水堤;障碍物damage vt.损害,毁坏 n.损害damp a.潮湿的,有湿气的dangerous a.危险的,不安全的daring a.大胆的,勇敢的darling n.亲爱的人;宠儿dash vt.使猛撞;溅 n.猛冲data n.数据; 资料dawn n.黎明;开端 vi.破晓deadly a.致命的,死一般的deal n.买卖;待遇 vt.给予dear a.亲爱的 int.啊death n.死,死亡;灭亡debate n.&vi.争论,辩论debt n.债,债务,欠债decade n.十年,十年期decay vi.腐烂;衰败 n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗,欺诈deceive vt.欺骗,蒙蔽,行骗December n.十二月decent a.正派的;体面的decide vt.决定,决心;解决decision n.决定,决心;果断deck n.甲板;舱面;层面declare vt.断言;声明;表明decorate vt.装饰,装璜,修饰decrease vi.&n.减少,减少deduce vt.演绎,推论,推断deed n.行为;功绩;契约deepen vt.加深 vi.深化defeat vt.战胜,击败;挫败defect n.缺点,缺陷,欠缺defence n.防御;防务;辩护defend vt.保卫,防守define vt.给…下定义;限定definite a.明确的;肯定的definitely ad.一定地,明确地definition n.定义,释义;定界degree n. 程度;度;学位delay vt. 推迟;耽搁;延误delete vi. 删除 vt.删除;擦掉delegation n.代表团delicate a.纤细的;易碎的delicious a.美味的,怡人的delight n.快乐 vt.使高兴deliver vt.投递,送交;发表delivery n.投递;交付;分娩demand vt.要求;需要;询问democracy n.民主,民主制democratic a.民主的,民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明;论证;表露dense a.密集的;浓厚的density n.密集,稠密;密度deny vt.否定;拒绝相信depart vi.离开,起程;出发department n.部,司,局,处,系departure n.离开,出发,起程depend vi.依靠,依赖;相信dependent a.依靠的,依赖的deposit vt.使沉淀;存放depress vt.使沮丧;按下depth n.深度;深厚;深处derive vt.取得 vi.起源descend vi.下来,下降;下倾describe vt.形容;描写,描绘description n.描写,形容;种类desert n.沙漠 vt.离弃;擅离deserve vt.应受,值得design vt.设计 n.设计;图样desirable a.值得相望的;可取的desire vt.相望;要求 n.愿望despair n.绝望 vi.绝望desperate a.拼死的;绝望的despise vt.鄙视,蔑视despite prep.不管,不顾destination n.目的地,终点;目标destroy vt.破坏;消灭;打破destruction n.破坏,毁灭,消灭detail n.细节;枝节;零件detect vt.察觉,发觉;侦察detection n.察觉,发觉;侦察determination n.决心;决定;确定determine vt.决定;查明;决心develop vt.发展;形成;开发development n.发展;开发;生长device n.器械,装置;设计devil n.魔鬼,恶魔devise vt.设计,发明devote vt.将…奉献,致力于dew n.露,露水diagram n.图解,图表,简图dial n.钟面;拨号盘 vt.拨dialect n.方言,土语,地方话dialog n.对话,对白diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石,钻石;菱形diary n.日记,日记簿dictate vt.&vi.口授;命令dictation n.口授笔录,听写dictionary n.词典,字典differ vi.不同,相异difference n.差别;差;分歧different a.差异的;各种的difficult a.困难的;难对付的difficulty a.困难;难事;困境digest vt.消化;领会 n.文摘digital a.数字的,计数的diligent a.勤勉的,勤奋的dim a.昏暗的;朦胧的dimension n.尺寸,尺度;面积dinner n.正餐,主餐;宴会dip vt.浸,蘸 vi.浸一浸direct a.直接的;直率的direction n.方向,方位;指导directly ad.直接地;立即director n.指导者;理事;导演dirt n.尘,土;污物,污垢dirty a.脏的;下流的6disable vt.使无能,使伤残disadvantage n.不利,不利地位disagree vi.有分歧;不一致disappear vi.不见,失踪;消失disappoint vt.使失望,使受挫折disaster n.灾难,灾祸;天灾disk n.圆盘,唱片;磁盘discard vt.丢弃,抛弃,遗弃discharge vt.释放;排出 n.释放discipline n.纪律;训练 vt.训练disclose vt.揭开,揭发;透露discourage vt.使泄气,使灰心discover vt.发现;暴露,显示discovery n.发现;被发现的事物discuss vt.讨论,谈论;论述disease n.病,疾病;病害disguise vi.隐瞒,掩埋 n.假装disgust n.厌恶,憎恶dish n.碟,盘子;菜肴dishonour n.不光彩;丢脸的人dismiss vt.不再考虑;解雇disorder n.混乱,杂乱;骚乱display vt.陈列,展览;显示disposal n.丢掉,处理,销毁dispose vi.去掉,丢掉;销毁displease vt.使不愉快,使生气dispute vi.争论,争执 n.争论dissatisfy vi.使不满,使不平dissolve vt.使溶解;解散distance n.距离,间距;远处distant a.在远处的,疏远的distinct a.与其他不同的distinction n.差别,不同,区分distinguish vt.区别,辨别,认别distress n.忧虑,悲伤;不幸distribute vt.分发,分送;分布distribution n.分发,分配;分布district n.区;地区,区域disturb vt.打扰,扰乱;弄乱ditch n.沟,沟渠,渠道dive vi.跳水;潜水;俯冲diverse a.不一样的,相异的divide vt.分;分配;分开division n.分,分配;除法divorce n.离婚,离异 vi.离婚dock n.船坞;码头;船厂domestic a.本国的;家庭的donkey n.驴;笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室;宿舍dose n.剂量,用量;一剂dot n.点,圆点 vt.打点于doubt n.怀疑;疑虑 vt.怀疑doubtful a.难以预测的;怀疑的doubtless ad.无疑地;很可能downward a.向下的 ad.向下地dozen n.一打,十二个draft n.草稿;汇票 vt.起草drag vt.拖,拉;拖曳dragon n.龙;凶暴的人drain vt.排去;放水 n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧,剧本dramatic a.引人注目的,戏剧的draw vt.画,划;拖;拨出drawer n.抽屉drawing n.图画,素描;绘图dread n.畏惧;KB vt.惧怕dream n.梦;梦想 vi.做梦dress n.女服,童装;服装drift vi.漂流,漂泊 n.漂流drill n.钻头;操练 vi.钻孔drink vt.饮 vi.喝 n.饮料drip vi.滴下;漏水 n.水滴drop vt.使落下;降低drought n.旱灾,干旱drown vi.淹死,溺死drug n.药,药物,药材drum n.鼓;鼓状物,圆桶drunk a.醉的;陶醉的dry a.干的,干燥的due a.预期的;应给的dull a.枯燥的;不鲜明的dumb a.哑的;无言的dump vt.倾卸,倾倒;倾销durable a.耐久的,耐用的duration n.持续,持久during prep.在…期间dwelling n.住处,寓所dye vt.染 n.染料;染色dying a.垂死的;临终的dynamic a.有活力的;动力的each pron.各,各自 a.各eager a.渴望的,热切的eagle n.鹰ear n.耳朵;听力,听觉early ad.早 a.早的,早期的earn vt.赚得,挣得;获得earnest a.认真的,诚恳的earthquake n.地震;大震荡ease n.容易,舒适 vt.缓和easily ad.容易地;舒适的eastern a.东方的;朝东的echo n.回声,反响 vi.重复economic a.经济的,经济学的economical a.节约的;经济学的economy n.经济;节约,节省edge n.边缘,边;刀口edition n.版,版本,版次editor n.编辑,编者,校订者educate vt.教育;培养;训练education n.教育;训导;教育学effect n.结果;效果,效力effective a.有效的;有影响的efficiency n.效率;功效,效能efficient a.效率高的,有能力的effort n.努力;努力的成果elaborate a.复杂的;精心制作的elastic n.松紧带 a.有弹性的elbow n.肘,肘部;弯管elect vt.选举,推选;选择election n.选举,选择权;当选electric a.电的,电动的electrical a.电的,电气科学的electricity n.电,电学;电流electron n.电子electronic a.电子的electronics n.电子学element n.成分;要素;元素elementary a.基本的;初级的elephant n.象elevator n.电梯;升降机eliminate vt.消灭,消除,排除elimination n.消灭,排除,消除else ad.其它,另外 a.别的elsewhere ad.在别处,向别处embarrass vt.使窘迫,使为难embrace vt.拥抱;包括;包围emerge vi.出现,涌现;冒出emergency n.紧急情况,突然事件emit vt.散发;发射;发表emotional a.感情的,情绪的emperor n.皇帝emphasis n.强调,重点,重要性emphasize vt.强调,着重empire n.帝国employ vi.雇用;用;使忙于employee n.受雇者,雇员,雇工employer n.雇佣者,雇主employment n.工业;雇用;使用enclose vt.围住,圈起;附上7encounter vt.遭遇,遇到 n.遭遇encourage vt.鼓励,支持,助长endure vt.忍受;容忍enemy n.敌人;仇敌;敌兵energy n.活力;精力;能enforce vt.实施,执行;强制engage vt.使从事于;聘用engine n.发动机,引擎;机车engineer n.工程师,技师engineering n.工程,工程学enlarge vt.扩大,扩展;放大enormous a.巨大的,庞大的ensure vt.保证;保护;赋予entertain vt.使欢乐;招待enthusiasm n.热情,热心,热忱enthusiastic a.热情的,热心的entire a.全部的,整个的entitle vt.给…权利(或资格) entrance n.入口,门口;进入entry n.入口处;登记;进入envelope n.信封;封套;封皮environment n.环境,外界;围绕envy vt.&n.妒忌;羡慕equal a.相等的;平等的equality n.等同,平等;相等equation n.方程(式);等式equip vt.装备,配备equipment n.装备,设备,配备equivalent a.相等的;等量的era n.时代,年代;纪元erect vt.建造;使竖立error n.错误,谬误;差错escape vi.逃跑;逸出 n.逃跑especially ad.特别,尤其,格外essay n.短文,散文,小品文essential a.必要的,本质的establish vt.建立,设立;确立establishment n.建立,设立,确立estimate vt.估计,评价 n.估计European a.欧洲的 n.欧洲人evaluate vt.评价,估…的价evaporate vt.使蒸发 vi.蒸发eve n.前夜,前夕,前一刻even ad.甚至;甚至更,还even a.均匀的;平的event n.事件,大事;事变eventually ad.终于;最后ever ad.在任何时候;曾经evidence n.根据;证据,证人evident a.明显的,明白的evil n.邪恶;祸害 a.坏的evolution n.进化,演化;发展evolve vt.使进化;使发展exactly ad.确切地;恰恰正是exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大,夸张examination n.考试;检查,细查examine vt.检查,仔细观察example n.例子,实例;模范exceed vt.超过,胜过;超出exceedingly ad.极端地,非常excellent a.优秀的,杰出的except prep.除…之外exception n.例外,除外excess n.超越;过量;过度excessive a.过多的,极度的exchange vt.交换;交流 n.交换excite vt.使激动;引起exciting a.令人兴奋的exclaim vi.呼喊;惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足;短途旅行excuse vt.原谅;免除 n.借口execute vt.将…处死;实施executive a.执行的 n.执行者exercise n.锻炼,训练 vi.练习exert vt.尽(力),运用exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽;用尽exhibit vt.显示;陈列,展览exhibition n.展览,陈列;展览会exist vi.存在;生存,生活existence n.存在,实在;生存exit n.出口;退场 vi.退出expand vt.扩大;使膨胀expansion n.扩大,扩充;扩张expect vt.预料,预期;等待expectation n.期待,期望,预期expense n.花费,消费;费用expensive a.昂贵的,花钱多的experience n.经验,感受;经历experiment n.实验;试验experimental a.实验的,试验的expert n.专家 a.熟练的explain vt.解释;为…辩解explanation n.解释,说明;辩解explode vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸exploit vt.剥削;利用;开拓explore vt.&vi.探险,探索explosion n.爆炸,爆发,炸裂explosive n.de-tona-tor a.爆炸的export vt.输出,出口;运走expose vt.使暴露;揭露exposure n.暴露;揭露;曝光express vt.表示 n.快车,快递expression n.词句;表达;表情extend vt.延长;扩大;致extension n.延长部分;伸展extensive a.广阔的;广泛的extent n.广度;范围;程度exterior a.外部的;对外的external a.外部的,外面的extra a.额外的 ad.特别地extraordinary a.非同寻常的,特别的extreme a.极度的;尽头的extremely ad.极端,极其,非常eyesight n.视力,目力facility n.设备;容易;便利factor n.因素;因子,系数faculty n.才能,能力;系,科fade vi.褪色;逐渐消失Fahrenheit n.华氏温度计failure n.失败;失败的人faint a.微弱的;虚弱的fair n.定期集市;博览会fairly ad.相当;公平地faith n.信任,信心;信仰faithful a.忠诚的;如实的false a.不真实的;伪造的fame n.名声,名望familiar a.熟悉的;冒昧的famine n.饥荒;严重的缺乏famous a.著名的,出名的fan n.(运动等)狂热爱好者fan n.扇子,风扇 vt.扇fancy n.想象力;设想;爱好fare n.车费,船费,票价farewell int.再会 n.告别fashion n.样子,方式;风尚fashionable a.流行的,时髦的fasten vt.扎牢,扣住fatal a.致命的;命运的fate n.命运,天数father n.父亲;神父;创始人father-in-law n.岳父;公公fatigue n.疲劳,劳累fault n.缺点;过失;故障faulty a.有错误的,有缺点的8。
大学英语四级翻译(CET four)
大学英语四级翻译(CET four)Collected by oneselfMistakes are unavoidableFor reference onlyIn case of errorPlease correct me! Thank youA summary of the methods of translating Chinese into English at grade fourI. brief introduction of Chinese to English translationIn the new test of grade fourThe percentage of translation questions was 5%It consists of 5 sentencesCandidates are required to translate part of the sentence from Chinese into EnglishIt examines the content mainly includes two partsThe first is the expression of meaning groupTwo is syntaxThe main test sites in Chinese translation are: the use of fixed structure, the conversion of parts of speech, the transformation of voice, the transformation between long and short sentences and the appropriateness of word selectionTwo, the Chinese translation of English stepsKnow yourself as well as the enemyYou can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeatIf you want to score high on this new type of questionA candidate must first thoroughly understand its form and requirementsFind out the proposition of people's ideasReview and practice accordinglyThere are five sentences in the Chinese English translation of CET fourEach sentence is made up of part of the Chinese language and part of the English languageCandidates are required to translate part of the Chinese into EnglishForm a complete sentence with the English part givenIn view of the characteristics of this part of the questions and the mistakes that Chinese students often make in translation trainingWe have made four steps for the examinees to translate English into English(I) read through the whole sentenceDetermine grammatical componentsThe Chinese and English parts of Chinese English translation questions form a complete unit of expressionYou can't cut it apartmeanwhileBecause the grammatical structure between the two languages is far from the grammatical structureCandidates should not translate Chinese directly into EnglishIt's about reading the whole sentence firstDetermine the grammatical elements in the whole English sentence that require the translationFor example: _____________________________________________ (she looked out of the window to all eyes)She, told, US, that, our, friend, Tom, had, died, in,, the, air, crash.Many students see that the Chinese part given is a complete subject predicate sentenceIt was taken for granted that it was translated into a simple sentence in EnglishBut after studying the English part of the comma carefully, we'll find outThis part is the main part of the sentenceBecause the comma in English does not connect the function of the two clauseThere is no connectives behind the commaTherefore, the underlined part is not a sentenceIt's an adverbial modifierFrom this we can seeWe must use non predicate structure or a-clauseAcceptable answers include: Keeping, her, eyes, fixed, of, the, window, Staring, out, of, the, win-low, With, her, eyes, fixed, out, the, window, Her, eyes, fixed, out, out, of, the, window, etc.(two) review tenseDetermine the mode of expressionDetermine grammatical components laterCandidates should review the tenses consciouslyPay special attention to the adverbial of time in the sentenceCompare the tenses of the English part givenin additionYou should also infer the grammar or vocabulary items that the subjects want to test according to the Chinese meaningAvoid translating Chinese words into English mechanicallyFor example: Since we're here________________________________ (as we look around).First, read through the whole sentenceWe find that Since we're here is a conditional adverbial clauseIt means "since we're here.""The underlined part should be madeHave a complete subject predicate structureThen we began to analyze Chinese expressionsMay/ might as well do sth. is the English expression that is better than (doing)The English phrase corresponding to "look around" is "look around", and the whole sentence uses the "present tense"So the correct answer is we, may, as, well, look, around(three) put pen to inkMake sure the spelling is correctAfter careful considerationA real translation job becomes much simplerBut spelling is a big problem for many candidatesTherefore, candidates should try their best to choose their own words and phrases on the premise of ensuring the key structure is correctSuch as:By contrastAmerican parents were more likely (________________________attribute the success of children to natural talent.)By analysis, we can see thatBe likely to do sth. "is likely to do..." and "attribute sth.to sb. / another thing" will be attributed to the use of...Candidates who are familiar with the two points can make perfect answers without any effortBut it's not easy to write attribute and success correctlyThe correct answer is to, attribute, their, children's, success, to(four) reexamineConfirmation syntax is reasonableAt the time of the examinationThe examinee should confirm that the part of his translation and the English part given by the topic form a grammatical sentence which is correct in grammar and clear in meaningAt this stageCandidates should also focus on the initial capital of letters, the use of articles and pronouns, and the question of subject verb agreementin shortWhen translating Chinese into EnglishYou should not blindlyCandidates should follow these four steps strictly in their daily exercisesConsciously develop good translation habitsThree, actual combat drillsBelowWe take four new types of questions in translation as an exampleExplain the steps and methods of solving the translation questions87. The substance does not dissolve in water_______________________ (whether heating).[heating] heat; whether or not - (no, matter) whether... Or not[connection]heat and its logical subject, substance, need a passive connectionThat is, heat plus ed[optimize]whether (it, is), heated, or, not. - pay attentionIt is can be omitted[comment] if heated, or, not, put it at the beginning of a sentenceWhether can also be omitted88. Not only ___________________________ (he overcharged me), but he didn't do a good repair job either.[charge] overcharging - overcharge, charge, too, much/high[connection] the Not only determines the inversion of the connectionThe past tense is used in the followingthereforeYou need to add did here before he[optimization] (Not, only) did, he, charge, too, much/high, me, / did, he, overcharge, me,...[comment] if you can't figure it out, use overcharge/charge too much to mean "overcharging.""It can also dissolve its meaningExpress with ask, for, too, muchThe answer can be did, he, ask, me, for, too, much89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing___________________________ (compared with me).[compare] - compare (with), in, comparison, with; mine - mine, my, losses[connection]compare and its logical subject, Your losses, need a passive connection[optimization]... In, comparison, with, mine, or compared with mineYou'd better use prepositional phrases hereIf you use compared with mineIt is more appropriate to put it at the beginning of the sentence90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only___________________________ (in a half of the money) day in Leeds as in London.[half of] half; money - money[link] pay attention to the as of the postA comparative word "as" is used hereAnd after the as, you need to add an adjective or adverb[optimization]... Half, as, much, money[comments] because there's spend hereYou can omit money here, if you put aside the meaning of "half" firstEasier to "resolve" the original textFirst, "spend the same amount of money a day in Liz as in London.""Spend, as, much (money), in, a, day, in, Leeds,, as, in, LondonThen add "only" halfIn this way, (only) half can only be placed before as much91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely(_______________________________ attribute the success of children to natural talent.)[children's success - children's success / success of the children; attributed to - - attribute... To / owe... To[connection] after the were more likely above, you need to connect to to[optimize]to, attribute, their, children's, success / success,of, their, to, children,.....[comment] "attribution to" can also be translated as "believe" the reason is........"That is, believe, that, their, children's, success, due, to, is / the, main, factor,, for, their, children's, success, isFour, practical Chinese translation skillsThe four test is not very demanding for translationJust ask candidates to use what they've learnedUsing some translation skillsExpress the meaning of Chinese in English fluentlyThat is to say, "only" "letter", "Da" and "elegance" of the three translation standards have already basically met the requirements of the two(a) the proper choice of wordsIn the Chinese English translation questionsCandidates should pay attention to the choice of proper wordsFirst of all, try to avoid overly general wordsUse its subordinate words or more exact wordsFor example: He, is, a, good, man. are not as good as He, is, a, kind-hearted, man.And "he raises a shepherd dog," translated as "He raised a dog""It's not as good as "He raised a shepherd dog."in additionAlso pay attention to the choice between synonymsFor example, "He, runs, very, fast..""And "He, gave, US, a, quick, answer.,""(two) the correspondence and transformation between Chinese and English sentence patternsSome Chinese sentence structures and meanings can correspond to certain sentence patterns in EnglishIf the examinee can use these sentence patterns appropriatelyCan achieve twice the result with half the effortThese sentence structures usually appear in the course of each lesson of the College English textbookSuch as: "only in the ocean can we find the whale". It is translated as "Only in the ocean can we find whales.""(three) conversion between voicesTranslation between Chinese and English often involves conversions between voicesSuch as:People make us believeIt's easy to get what you want in your heartWe, have, been, assured, that, our, heart's, achieving, desires, would, be,, a, piece, of, cake.Usually, when the subject in Chinese is too broadSuch as "people""Someone else, this, and so onCan be translated into English passive voiceOmit the original subject(four) the conversion of part of speechPart of speech conversion refers to the conversion of parts of speech between Chinese and EnglishAs in Chinese, it is a nounIn English sentences, they become verbsHere are four main tips1) a noun is converted into a verbCharlie's dream is to become a detective in the future(dream is a noun)Charlie, dreams, of, becoming, a, detective, in, the, future. (dream) are verbs2) verb translated into famous wordsFor example, the word "fear" may be more accurate to describe(description is a verb)Afraid would, be, a, more, accurate, description. (description) is a noun3) nouns are translated into adjectivesFor example, Jim has little chance of success(possibility is a noun)It, is, almost, unlikely/impossible, for, Jim, to, succeed.("unlikely" and "impossible" are adjectives)4) adjectives translated into famous wordsAt this tense moment, he felt very nervousThe word "nervous" is an adjectiveThe, intensity, of, the, moment, filled, his, mind, with, intensity. (intensity) are nounsin additionIn the process of translationAlso need to pay attention toChinese sentences are usually shortCommas are used more oftenAnd the comma can be used continuouslyIn English, however, long sentences consisting of juxtaposed structure and subordinate structure often appearCommas are not allowed to be used at willAt this point, we should pay attention to the translation of English sentences, not because of the impact of Chinese sentences or residual sentencesFor example: "I got it.""Translated into" I have received. "is the residual sentenceShould be "I have received it."""Marie lived in San Francisco five years agoThere she wrote three novelsTranslated as "Mary, lived, in, San, Francisco, ago, five, years,""There she wrote three novels." is the adhesive sentenceIt should be "Mary lived in San Francisco five years ago"And thereShe wrote three novels"Five, test site forecastChinese translation of English questions for candidates based on English language requirements are highBut not without rulesOn the basis of memorizing key words and phrasesCandidates must make sure the language points are tested before they start translatingOnly in this way can we make the translation which is the closest to the standard answerTo avoid losingThis paper summarizes the most possible key sentence patterns and grammatical structures in Chinese English translationFor candidates reference(I) prediction of key sentence patterns1) It Is adjective ThatFor example: it, is, conceivable, that, knowledge, plays, an, important, life., role, in, our, and so onKnowledge plays an important role in our life2) It Is adjective To do/ doingFor example: She, had, said, what, it, was, necessary, to, say., she has said all the necessary words3) the imperative And/ / noun orFor example: Work, hard, and, you, will, finally, be,, able, to, reach, your, destination., work hardYou can achieve your goals4) Asmany/ Much after NOUNFor example: It, is, said, that, visitors, spend, only, half, as, much, money, in,, a, day, London., in, Leeds, as, in, and ITourists spend only half as much money in Liz every day as in London5) multiple words As adjectives afterFor example: The, reservoir, is, three, times, as, big, as, it, was, ten, years, ago.,, the area of this reservoir is three times as long as two years ago6) multiple words + more + noun / adjective ten thanFor example: Smoking, is, so, harmful, to, personal, health, that, it, kills, seven, times, more, accidents., people, each, year, than, automobile, smoking, human health hazardsPeople die each year from smoking than those who died in a car accident seven times7) (not) as/ so... As (and...)For example: The, environmental, problems, are, not, as, serious, as, they, suggested, in, their, report.,environmental problems are not as serious as they say in the report8) no more... Than (the same as...)For example: She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be., a female student is not when the managerNeither is she9) Nothing, is, more... Than (no more than...);... Is the most...For example: Nothing is more important than to receive education. is nothing more important than to receive education10) Of noun verb senses例如:他们赶紧逃进了一个山洞,充满恐怖气氛。
【最新】大学英语四级词汇表(带音标)
最新大学英语四级词汇表Aabandon/ ?’b?nd ?n/ vt. 丢弃;放弃,抛弃aboard/ ?’b?:d/ ad. 在船 ( 车) 上;上船absolute/ ‘?bs ?lu:t/ a. 绝对的;纯粹的absolutely/ ‘?bs ?lu:tli/ ad. 完全地;绝对地absorb/ ?b’s?:b/ vt. 吸收;使专心abstract/ ’?bstr?kt/ n. 摘要abundant/ ?’bΛ nd?nt/ a. 丰富的;大量的abuse/ ?’bju:z, ?’bju:s/ vt. 滥用;虐待n. 滥用academic/ ?k ?’demik/ a. 学院的;学术的accelerate/ ?k ’sel ?reit/ vt.( 使) 加快;促进access/ ‘?kses/ n. 接近;通道,入口accidental/ ?ksi ’dentl/ a. 偶然的;非本质的accommodate/ ?’k?m?deit/ vt. 容纳;供应,供给accommodation/ ?,k ?m?’dei ??n/ n. 招待设备;预定铺位accompany/ ?’kΛ mp?ni/ vt. 陪伴,陪同;伴随accomplish/ ?’k?mpli ?/ vt. 达到 ( 目的 ) ;完成accordance/ ?’k?r:d ?ns/ n. 一致;和谐;授予accordingly/ ?’k?r:di ?li/ ad. 因此,所以;照着account/ ?’kaunt/ n. 记述;解释;帐目accumulate/ ?’kju:mjuleit/ vt. 积累vi. 堆积accuracy / ‘?kjur ?si/ n. 准确 ( 性) ;准确度accurate/ ‘?kjurit/ a. 准确的,正确无误的accustomed/ ?’kΛst ?md/ a. 惯常的;习惯的acid/ ‘?sid/ n. 酸;酸的,酸性的acquaintance/ ?’kweint ?ns/ n. 认识;了解;熟人acquire / ?’kwai ?/ vt. 取得;获得;学到acre/ ‘eik ?/ n. 英亩 (=6.07 亩)adapt/ ?’d?pt/ vt. 使适应;改编addition/ ?’di ??n/ n. 加,加法;附加物additional/ ?’di ??nl/ a. 附加的,追加的address / ?’dres/ n. 地址;演说;谈吐adequate/ ‘?dikwit/ a. 足够的;可以胜任的adjust/ ?’d?Λst/ vt. 调整,调节;校正administration / ?dminis ’trei ??n/ n. 管理;管理部门admission/ ?d’mi ??n/ n. 允许进入;承认admit/ ?d’mit/ vt. 承认;准许⋯进入advance/ ?d’va:ns/ vi. 前进;提高n. 进展advanced/ ?d’va:nst/ a. 先进的;高级的adventure/ ?d’vent ??/ n. 冒险;惊险活动advisable/ ?d’vaiz ?bl/ n. 明智的;可取的affair/ ?’fe ?/ n. 事情,事件;事务affect/ ?’fekt/ vt. 影响;感动affection/ ?’fek ??n/ n. 慈爱,爱;爱慕afford/ ?’f?r:d/ vt. 担负得起⋯;提供afterward/ ‘a:ft ?w?d(z)/ ad. 后来,以后age/ eid ?/ vt. 变老aggressive/ ?’gresiv/ a. 侵略的;好斗的aircraft/ ‘e?kra:ft/ n. 飞机,飞行器alarm/ ?’la:m/ n. 惊恐,忧虑;警报alcohol/ ‘?lk ?h?l/ n. 酒精,乙醇alike/ ?’laik/ a. 同样的,相同的alloy/ ‘?l ?i, ?’l?i/ n. 合金; ( 金属的 ) 成色alphabet/ ‘?lf ?bit/ n. 字母表,字母系统alter/ ‘ ?:lt ?/ vt. 改变,变更;改做alternative/ ?:l ’t?:n ?tiv/ n. 替换物;取舍,抉择altitude/ ‘?ltitju:d/ n. 高,高度;高处aluminium/ ?lju ’minj ?m/ n. 铝amaze/ ?’meiz/ vt. 使惊奇,使惊愕ambulance/ ‘?m bjul ?ns/ n. 救护车;野战医院amongst/ ?’mΛ?st/ prep 在⋯之中 (=among)amuse/ ?’mju:z/ vt. 逗⋯乐;给⋯娱乐analyse/ ‘?n ?laiz/ vt. 分析,分解,解析analysis/ ?’n?l ?sis/ n. 分析,分解,解析ancestor/ ‘?nsist ?/ n. 祖宗,祖先anchor/ ‘??k?/ n. 锚 vi. 抛锚,停泊ancient/ ‘ein ??nt/ a. 古代的,古老的ankle/ ‘??kl/ n. 踝,踝节部announce/ ?’nauns/ vt. 宣布,宣告,发表annoy/ ?’n?i/ vt. 使恼怒;打搅annual/ ‘?nju ?l/ a. 每年的 n. 年报anticipate/ ?n ’tisipeit/ vt. 预料,预期,期望anxiety/ ? ?g’zai ?ti/ n. 焦虑,忧虑;渴望anxious/ ‘??k??s/ a. 忧虑的;渴望的apart/ ?’pa:t/ ad. 相隔;分开;除去apologize/ ?’p?l ?d?aiz/ vi. 道歉,谢罪,认错apparatus/ ,?p ?’reit ?s/ n. 器械,仪器;器官appeal/ ?’pi:l/ vi.&n. 呼吁;申述appetite/ ‘?pitait/ n. 食欲,胃口;欲望appliance/ ?’plai ?ns/ n. 用具,器具,器械applicable/ ‘?plik ?bl/ a. 能应用的;适当的application/ ?pli ’kei ??n/ n. 请求,申请;施用app?int/ ?’p?int/ vt. 任命,委任;约定appreciate/ ?’pri: ?ieit/ vt. 欣赏;领会;感谢approval/ ?’pru:v ?l/ n. 赞成,同意;批准approve/ ?’pru:v/ vt. 赞成,称许;批准approximate/ ?’pr ?ksimit/ a. 近似的 vt. 近似arbitrary/ ‘a:bitr ?ri/ a. 随心所欲的;专断的architecture/ ‘a:kitekt ??/ n. 建筑学;建筑式样argue/ ‘a:gju:/ vi. 争论,争辩,辩论argument/ ‘a:gju:m ?nt/ n. 争论,辩论;理由arise/ ?’raiz/ vi. 出现;由⋯引起arithmetic/ ?’ri θm?tik/ n. 算术,四则运算arouse/ ?’rauz/ vt. 引起,唤起;唤醒article/ ‘a:tikl/ n. 条款;物品artificial/ a:ti ’fi ??l/ a. 人工的;娇揉造作的artisti c/ a: ’tistik/ a. 艺术的;艺术家的ash/ ? ?/ n. 灰,灰末;骨灰ashamed/ ?’ ?eimd/ a. 惭愧 ( 的 ) ;羞耻 ( 的)aspect/ ‘?spekt/ n. 方面;样子,外表assemble/ ?’sembl/ vt. 集合,召集;装配assembly/ ?’sembli/ n. 集合;集会;装配assess/ ?’ses/ vt. 对 ( 财产等 ) 估价assign/ ?’sain/ vt. 指派;分配;指定assist/ ?’sist/ vt. 援助,帮助;搀扶assistance/ ?’sist ?ns/ n. 协助 , 援助associate/ ?’s?u?ieit/ vi. 交往 n. 伙伴,同事association/ ?s?usi ’ei ??n/ n. 协会,团体;联合assume/ ?’sju:m/ vt. 假定;承担;呈现assure/ ?’?u?/ vt. 使确信;向⋯保证astonish/ ?s’t?ni ?/ vt. 使惊讶,使吃惊astronaut/ ‘?st ??un?:t/ n. 宇宙航行员,宇航员?tlantic/ ?t ’l?ntik/ a. 大西洋的 n. 大西洋atom/ ‘?t ?m/ n. 原子;微粒;微量atomic/ ?’t?mik/ a. 原子的;原子能的attach/ ?’t?t ?/ vt. 缚,系,贴;附加attain/ ’tein/ vt. 达到,获得,完成attempt/ ?’tempt/ vt. 尝试,试图n. 企图attend/ ?’tend/ vt. 出席;照顾,护理attribute / ‘?tribju:t/ vt. 把⋯归因于n. 属性audience/ ‘ ?:dj ?ns/ n. 听众,观众,读者authority/ ?: ’ θ?riti/ n. 当局,官方;权力automatic/ ?:t ?’m?tik/ a. 自动的;机械的automobile/ ‘ ?:t ?m?bi:l/ n. 汽车,机动车auxiliary/ ?:g ’zilj ?ri/ a. 辅助的;附属的available/ ?’veil ?bl/ a. 可利用的;通用的avenue/ ‘?vinju:/ n. 林荫道,道路;大街await/ ?’weit/ vt. 等候,期待awake/ ?’weik/ a. 醒着的vt. 唤醒award/ ?’w?:d/ n. 奖,奖品;判定aware/ ?’we?/ a. 知道的,意识到的awful/ ‘ ?:ful/ a. 令人不愉快的awkward/ ‘ ?:kw ?d/ a. 笨拙的;尴尬的ax/ ?ks/ n. 斧子Bbaby/ ‘beibi/ n. 婴儿;孩子气的人back/ b ?k/ ad. 在后;回原处;回background/ ‘b?kgraund/ n. 背景,后景,经历backward/ ‘b?kw ?d/ a. 向后的;倒的ad. 倒bacteria/ b?k ’ti ?ri ?/ n. 细菌bad/ b?d/ a. 坏的,恶的;严重的badly/ ‘b?dli/ ad. 坏,差;严重地bag/ b?g/ n. 袋,包,钱包,背包baggage/ ‘b?gid ?/ n. 行李bake/ beik/ vt. 烤,烘,焙;烧硬balance/ ‘b?l ?ns/ vt. 使平衡;称n. 天平ball/ b ?:l/ n. 球,球状物;舞会balloon/ b ?’lu:n/ n. 气球,玩具气球banana/ b ?’na:n ?/ n. 香蕉;芭蕉属植物band/ b?nd/ n. 乐队;带;波段bang/ b? ?/ n. 巨响,枪声;猛击bank/ b? ?k/ n. 银行;库;岩,堤bar/ ba:/ n. 酒吧间;条,杆;栅barber/ ‘ba:b ?/ n. 理发师bare/ be ?/ a. 赤裸的;仅仅的bargain/ ‘ba:gin/ n. 交易vi. 议价;成交barrel/ ‘b?r ?l/ n. 桶;圆筒;枪管barrier/ ‘b?ri ?/ n. 栅栏,屏障;障碍base/ beis/ n. 基础,底层;基地basic/ ‘beisik/ a. 基本的,基础的basically/ ‘beisik ?li/ ad. 基本上basin/ ‘beisn/ n. 盆,洗脸盆;盆地basis/ ‘beisi s/ n. 基础,根据basket/ ‘ba:skit/ n. 篮,篓,筐basketball/ ‘ba:skitb ?:l/ n. 篮球;篮球运动bath/ ba: θ/ n. 浴,洗澡;浴缸bathe/ beie/ vt. 给⋯洗澡;弄湿bathroom/ ‘ba: θrum/ n. 浴室;盥洗室battery/ ‘b?t ?ri/ n. 电池;一套,一组battle/ ‘b?tl/ n. 战役;斗争 vi. 作战bay/ bei/ n. 湾;山脉中的凹处be/ bi:/ aux.v.&vi. 是,在,做beach/ bi:t ?/ n. 海滩,湖滩,河滩beam/ bi:m/ n. 梁;横梁;束,柱bean/ bi:n/ n. 豆,蚕豆bear/ be ?/ n. 熊;粗鲁的人bear/ be ?/ vt. 容忍;负担;生育beard/ bi ?d/ n. 胡须,络腮胡子beast/ bi:st/ n. 兽,野兽;牲畜beat/ bi:t/ vt.&vi. 打,敲;打败beautiful/ ‘ bju:tiful/ a. 美的,美丽的beauty/ ‘bju:ti/ n. 美,美丽;美人because/ bi ’k?z/ conj. 由于,因为become/ bi ’kΛm/ vi. 变成;成为,变得bed/ bed/ n. 床,床位;圃;河床bee/ bi:/ n. 蜂,密蜂;忙碌的人beef/ bi:f/ n. 牛肉;菜牛beer/ bi ?/ n. 啤酒before/ bi ’f?:/ prep. 在⋯以前;向⋯beg/ beg/ vt.&vi. 乞求;请求begin/ bi ’gin/ vi. 开始vt. 开始beginning/ bi ’gini ?/ n. 开始,开端;起源behalf/ bi ’ha:f/ n. 利益,维护,支持behave/ bi ’heiv/ vi. 表现,举止;运转behavior/ bi ’heivj ?/ n. 行为,举止,态度behind/ bi ’haind/ prep. 在⋯后面being/ ‘bi:i ?/ n. 存在;生物;生命belief/ bi ’li :f/ n. 信任,相信;信念believe/ bi ’li:v/ vt. 相信;认为bell/ bel/ n. 钟,铃,门铃;钟声belong/ bi ’l??/ vi. 属于,附属below/ bi ’l?u/ prep. 在⋯下面 ( 以下 ) belt/ belt/ n. 带,腰带;皮带;区bench/ bent ?/ n. 长凳,条凳;工作台bend/ bend/ vt. 使弯曲 vi. 弯曲beneath/ bi ’ni: θ/ prep. 在⋯下方beneficial/ beni ’fi ??l/ a. 有利的,有益的benefit/ ‘benifit/ n. 利益;恩惠;津贴beside/ bi ’said/ prep. 在⋯旁边besides/ bi ’saidz/ ad. 而且prep. 除⋯之外best/ best/ a. 最好的;最大的bet/ bet/ vt.&vi.&n. 打赌better/ ‘bet ?/ a. 较好的 ad. 更好地between/ bi ’twi:n/ prep. 在⋯中间beyond/ bi ’j?nd/ prep. 在⋯的那边Bible/ ‘baibl/ n. 基督教《圣经》bicycle/ ‘baisikl/ n. 自行车,脚踏车big/ big/ a. 大的,巨大的bike/ baik/ n. 自行车 vi. 骑自行车bill/ bil/ n. 账单;招贴;票据billion/ ‘bilj ?n/ num. 万亿 ( 英)bind/ baind/ vt. 捆绑;包扎;装钉biology/ bai ’ ?l ?d?i/ n. 生物学;生态学bird/ b ?:d/ n. 鸟,禽birth/ b ?: θ / n. 分娩,出生;出身birthday/ ‘b?: θ di/ n. 生日,诞生的日期biscuit/ ‘biskit/ n.( 英) 饼干; ( 美) 软饼bit/ bit/ n. 一点,一些,小片bite/ bait/ vt. 咬,叮,螫;剌穿bitter/ ‘bit ?/ a. 痛苦的;严寒的black/ bl?k/ a. 黑色的;黑暗的blackboard/ ‘bl?kb ?:d/ n. 黑板blade/ bleid/ n. 刀刃,刀片;叶片blame/ bleim/ vt. 责备,把⋯归咎于blank/ bl? ?k/ a. 空白的 n. 空白blanket/ ‘bl? ?kit/ n. 毛毯,毯子,羊毛毯blast/ bla:st/ n. 爆炸,冲击波vt. 炸bleed/ bli:d/ vi. 出血,流血;泌脂blend/ blend/vt.&vi.&n. 混和blind/blaind/ a. 瞎的;盲目的block/bl ?k/ n. 街区vt.堵塞,拦阻blood/ bl Λd/ n. 血,血液;血统bloom/ blu:m/ n. 花;开花,开花期blow/ bl ?u/vi. 吹,吹动;吹响blue/ blu:/a. 蓝色的 n. 蓝色board/ b ?:d/n.板 vt. 上( 船、车等 )boast/ b ?ust/ vi. 自夸 vt. 吹嘘boat/ b ?ut/ n. 小船,艇;渔船body/ ‘b?di/ n. 身体;主体;尸体b?il/ b ?il/ vi. 沸腾;汽化vt. 煮沸bold/ b ?uld/ a. 大胆的;冒失的bolt/ b ?ult/ n. 螺栓;插销vt. 闩门bomb/ b ?m/ n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸bond/ b ?nd/ n. 联结,联系;公债bone/ b ?un/ n. 骨,骨骼book/ buk/ n. 书,书籍 vt. 预定boot/ bu:t/ n. 靴子,长统靴borde r/ ‘b?:d ?/n. 边,边缘;边界bore/ b ?:/vt. 使厌烦;钻,挖born/ b ?:n/a. 天生的;出生的borro w/ ‘b?r ?u/ vt. 借,借用,借人boss/ b ?s/n.老板,上司 vt. 指挥both/ b ?uθ/pron. 两者( 都)bothe r/ ‘b?e?/vt.烦扰,迷惑 n.麻烦bottl e/ ‘b?tl/n. 瓶,酒瓶;一瓶botto m/ ‘b?t ?m/ n. 底,底部,根基bounce/ bauns/ vi. 反跳,弹起;跳起bound/ baund/ a. 一定的;有义务的boundary/ ‘baund ?ri/ n. 分界线,办界bow/ bau/ n. 弓;蝴蝶结;鞠躬bowl/ b ?ul/ n. 碗,钵;碗状物box/ b ?ks/ n. 箱,盒;包箱box/ b ?ks/ vi. 拳击,打拳boy/ b ?i/ n. 男孩,少年;家伙brain/ brein/ n. 脑,脑髓;脑力brake/ breik/ n. 闸,刹车 vi. 制动branch/ bra:nt ?/ n. 树枝;分部;分科bra nd/ br?nd/ n. 商品;烙印vt. 铭刻brass/ bra:s/ n. 黄铜;黄铜器brave/ breiv/ a. 勇敢的,华丽的bread/ bred/ n. 面包;食物,粮食breadth/brede/ n. 宽度,幅度;幅面break/ breik/vt. 打破;损坏;破坏breakfas t/ ‘brekf ?st/ n. 早饭,早餐breast/ brest/n. 乳房;胸脯,胸膛breath/bre θ/ n. 气息,呼吸;气味breathe/bri:e/ vi. 呼吸 vt. 呼吸breed/ bri:d/n. 品种 vt. 使繁殖breeze/ bri:z/n. 微风,和风brick/ brik/ n.砖,砖块;砖状物bride/ braid/n. 新娘bridge/brid?/ n. 桥,桥梁;桥牌brief/ bri:f/a. 简短的;短暂的bright/ brait/a. 明亮的;聪明的brillian t/ ‘brilj?nt/ a. 光辉的;卓越的bring/ bri?/vt. 带来;引出;促使British/ ‘briti ?/ a. 不列颠的,英联邦的broad/ br ?:d/a.宽的,阔的;广泛的broadcast/ ‘br ?:dka:st/ n. 广播,播音brother/ ‘br Λe?/ n. 兄弟;同事,同胞brow/ brau/ n. 额;眉,眉毛brown/ braun/ n. 褐色,棕色brush/ br Λ?/ n. 刷子,毛刷;画笔bubble/ ‘bΛbl/ n. 泡 vi. 冒泡,沸腾bucket/ ‘bΛkit/ n. 水桶;吊桶;铲斗build/ bild/ vt. 建筑;建立;创立building/ ‘bildi ?/ n. 建筑物,大楼;建筑bulb/ b Λlb/ n. 电灯泡;球状物bulk/ b Λlk/ n. 物体,容积,大批bullet/ ‘bulit/ n. 枪弹,子弹,弹丸bundle/ ‘bΛndl/ n. 捆,包,束;包袱burden/ ‘b?:dn/ n. 担子,重担;装载量bureau/ ‘bju ?r ?u/ n. 局,司,处;社,所burn/ b ?:n/ vi. 烧,燃烧 n. 烧伤burst/ b ?:st/ vt. 使爆裂 vi.&n. 爆炸bury/ ‘beri/ vt. 埋葬,葬;埋藏bus/ b Λ s/ n. 公共汽车bush/ bu ?/ n. 灌木,灌木丛,矮树business/ ‘biznis/ n. 商业,生意;事务busy/ ‘bizi/ a. 忙的,繁忙的but/ b Λ t/ conj. 但是,可是butter/ ‘bΛt ?/ n. 黄油;奶油button/ ‘bΛtn/ n. 扣子;按钮 vt. 扣紧buy/ bai/ vt. 买,购买 vi. 买by/ bai/ prep. 在⋯旁;被,由Ccabbage/ ‘k?bid ?/ n. 洋白菜,卷心菜cabin/ ‘k?bin/ n. 小屋;船舱,机舱cabinet/ ‘k?binit/ n. 橱,柜;内阁cable/ ‘keibl/ n. 缆,索;电缆;电报cafe/ ‘k?fei, k ?’fei/ n. 咖啡馆;小餐厅cage/ keid ?/ n. 笼;鸟笼,囚笼cake/ keik/ n. 饼,糕,蛋糕calculat e/ ‘k?lkjuleit/ vt.计算;估计;计划calculator/ ‘k?lkjuleit ?/ n. 计算器,计算者calendar / ‘k?lind ?/n.日历,历书;历法call/ k ?:l/ vt. 把⋯叫做;叫,喊calm/ ka:m/ a. 静的,平静的camel/ ‘k?m?l/ n. 骆驼camera/ ‘k? m?r ?/ n. 照相机,摄影机camp/ k?mp/ n. 野营,营地,兵营campaign/ k?m ’pein/ n. 战役;运动campus/ ‘k?mp?s/ n. 校园,学校场地can/ k?n/ aux.v. 能,会,可能can/ k?n/ n. 罐头,听头;容器Canadian/ k ?’neidj ?n/ a. 加拿大的canal/ k ?’n?l/ n. 运河;沟渠;管cancel/ ‘k?ns ?l/ vt. 取消,撤消;删去cancer/ ‘k?ns ?/ n. 癌,癌症,肿瘤candidate/ ‘k?ndidit/ n. 候选人;投考者candle/ ‘k?ndl/ n. 蜡烛;烛形物;烛光cap/ k?p/ n. 帽子,便帽;帽状物capable/ ‘keip ?bl/ a. 有能力的,有才能的capacity/ k ?’p?siti/ n. 容量;能力;能量capital/ ‘k?pitl/ n. 资本,资金;首都captain/ ‘k?ptin/ n. 陆军上尉;队长capture/ ‘k?pt ??/ vt. 捕获,俘获;夺得car/ ka:/ n. 汽车,小汽车,轿车carbon/ ‘ka:b ?n/ n. 碳card/ ka:d/ n. 卡,卡片,名片care/ ke ?/ vi. 关心,介意n. 小心career/ k ?’ri ?/ n. 生涯,职业,经历careful/ ‘ke ?ful/ a. 仔细的;细致的careless/ ‘ke ?lis/ a. 粗心的,漫不经心的cargo/ ‘ka:g ?u/ n. 船货,货物carpenter/ ‘ka:pint ?/ n. 木工,木匠carpet/ ‘ka:pit/ n. 地毯,毡毯,毛毯carriage/ ‘k?rid ?/ n. 客车厢;四轮马车carrier/ ‘k?ri ?/ n. 运输工具;运载工具carry/ ‘k?ri/ vt. 携带;运载;传送cart/ ka:t/ n. 二轮运货马车case/ keis/ n. 情况;事实;病例case/ keis/ n. 箱 ( 子) ,盒 ( 子 ) ,套cash/ k? ?/ n. 现金,现款 cassette/ ka: ’set/ n. 盒式录音带;盒子cast/ ka:st/ vt. 投,扔,抛;浇铸castle/ ‘ka:sl/ n. 城堡;巨大建筑物casual/ ‘k? ?ju ?l/ a. 偶然的;随便的cat/ k?t/ n. 猫,猫科,猫皮catalo g/ ‘k?t ?l ?g/n. 目录,目录册catch/ k?t ?/vt. 捉住;赶上;领会cattle/ ‘k?tl/ n. 牛;牲口,家畜cause/ k ?:z/n. 原因,理由;事业cave/ keiv/n. 山洞,洞穴,窑洞cease/ si:s/vi.&vi.&n. 停止,停息ceiling/ ‘si :li ?/ n. 天花板,顶蓬celebrate/ ‘selibrei t/ vt. 庆祝;歌颂,赞美cell/sel/ n. 细胞;小房间cement/si ’ment/ n. 水泥;胶泥 vt. 粘结cent/ sent/n. 分;分币;百centimetre/ ‘sentimi:t ?/n. 公分,厘米central/ ‘sentr ?l/ a. 中心的;主要的centre/ ‘sen t ?/ n. 中心;中枢 vt. 集中century/ ‘se nt ?uri/n. 世纪,百年ceremony/ ‘serim ?n i/ n. 典礼,仪式;礼节certain/ ‘s ?:t ?n/ a. 确实的;肯定的certainly/ ‘s ?:t ?nli/ ad. 一定,必定;当然certificate/s ?’tifiki t/ n. 证书,证件,执照chain/ t ?ein/n.链,链条,项圈chair/ t ?e?/ n. 椅子;主席chairman/ ‘t?e?m?n/ n. 主席;议长,会长chalk/ t ??:k/ n. 白垩;粉笔challenge/ ‘t??l ?nd?/ n. 挑战;要求,需要chamber/ ‘t?eimb ?/ n. 会议室;房间;腔champion/ ‘t??mpj?n/ n. 冠军,得胜者chance/ t ?a:ns/ n. 机会,机遇;可能性change/ t ?eind ?/ n. 改变,变化;零钱channel/ ‘t??nl/ n. 海峡;渠道;频道chapter/ ‘t??pt ?/ n. 章,回,篇charact er/‘k?rikt ?/ n. 性格;特性;角色characteristic/ k?rikt ?’ristik/ a. 特有的 n. 特性charge/ t ?a:d ?/vt.索价;控告n. 费用chart/ t ?a:t/n.图,图表;海图chase/ t ?eis/n.追逐,追赶,追求cheap/ t ?i:p/a.廉价的;劣质的cheat/ t ?i:t/vt.骗取;哄vi. 行骗check/ t ?ek/vt.检查;制止n. 检查cheek/ t ?i:k/n. 面颊,脸蛋cheer/ t ?i ?/vt.使振作;欢呼cheerful/ ‘t?i ?ful/ a. 快乐的,愉快的cheese/ t ?i:z/ n. 乳酪,干酪chemical/ ‘kemikl/ a. 化学的n. 化学制品chemist/ ‘kemist/ n. 化学家;药剂师chemistry/ ‘kemistri/ n. 化学cheque/ t ?ek/ n. 支票chess/ t ?es/ n. 棋;国际象棋chest/ t ?est/ n. 胸腔,胸膛;箱子chew/ t ?u:/ vt. 咀嚼,嚼碎chicken/ ‘t?ikin/ n. 小鸡,小鸟;鸡肉chief/ t ?i:f/ a. 主要的;首席的child/ t ?aild/ n. 小孩,儿童;儿子childhood/ ‘t?aildhud/ n. 童年,幼年;早期chill/ t ?il/ vt. 使变冷 n. 寒冷chimney/ ‘t?imni/ n. 烟囱,烟筒;玻璃罩chin/ t ?in/ n. 颏,下巴China/ ‘t?ain ?/ n. 中国china/ ‘t?ain ?/ n. 瓷器,瓷料Chinese/ ‘t?ai ’ni:z/ a. 中国的n. 中国人chocolate/ ‘t??k?lit/ n. 巧克力;巧克力糖ch?ice/ t ??is/ n. 选择,抉择choke/ t ??uk/ vt. 使窒息;塞满choose/ t ?u:z/ vt. 选择,挑选;情愿chop/ t ??p/ vt. 砍,劈;切细v i. 砍Christian/ ‘kristi ?n/ n. 基督教徒;信徒Christmas/ ‘krism ?s/ n. 圣诞节church/ t ??:t ?/ n. 教堂,礼拜堂;教会cigarette/ sig ?’ret/ n. 香烟,纸烟,卷烟cinema/ ‘sinim ?/ n. 电影院;电影,影片circle/ ‘s?:kl/ n. 圆,圆周;圈子circuit/ ‘s?:kit/ n. 电路;环行;巡行circular/ ‘s?:kjul ?/ a. 圆的;循环的circulate/ ‘s?:kjuleit/ vt. 使循环 vi. 循环circumference/ s ?’kΛmf?r ?ns/ n. 圆周,周长,圆周线circumstance/ ‘s?:k ?mst?ns/ n. 情况,条件;境遇citizen/ ‘sitizn/ n. 公民;市民,居民city/ ‘siti/ n. 城市,都市civil/ ‘sivl/ a. 公民的;文职的civilization/ sivilai ’zei ??n/ n. 文明,文化;开化civilize/ ‘sivilaiz/ vt. 使文明;教育claim/ kleim/ vt. 声称,主张;索取clap/ kl?p/ vi. 拍手 vt. 拍,轻拍clarify/ ‘kl?rifai/ vt. 澄清,阐明class/ kla:s/ n. 班,班级;阶级classical/ ‘kl?sik ?l/ a. 古典的;经典的classification/ kl?sifi ’kei ??n/ n. 分类;分级;分类法classify/‘kl?sifai/ vt. 把⋯分类classmate/‘kla:smeit/ n. 同班同学classroom/‘kla:srum/ n. 教室,课堂claw/ kl ?:/ n. 爪,脚爪,螯clay/ klei/ n. 粘土,泥土;肉体clean/ kli:n/ a. 清洁的;纯洁的clear/ kli ?/ a. 清晰的 vt. 清除clerk/ kla:k, kl ?:k/ n. 店员;办事员,职员clever/ ‘klev ?/ a.聪明的;机敏的cliff/ klif/ n. 悬崖,峭壁climate/ ‘klaimit/ n. 气候;风土,地带 climb/ klaim/ vi. 攀登,爬 vt.爬clock/ kl ?k/n. 钟,仪表close/ kl ?uz, kl ?us/ vt. 关,闭;结束cloth/ kl ?: θ/n. 布;衣料;桌布clothe/ kl ?ue/vt. 给⋯穿衣服clothes / kl ?uez/ n. 衣服,服装;被褥clothin g/ ‘kl ?uei ?/ n. 衣服,被褥cloud/klaud/ n. 云;云状物;阴影cloudy/ klaudi/ a. 多云的;云一般的club/ kl Λb/ n. 俱乐部,夜总会clue/ klu:/n. 线索,暗示,提示clumsy/‘kl Λmzi/ a. 笨拙的;愚笨的coach/ k ?ut ?/ n. 长途公共汽车coal/ k ?ul/ n. 煤,煤块coarse/k ?:s/ a. 粗的,粗糙的coast/ k ?ust/n.海岸,海滨 ( 地区 )coat/ k ?ut/n.外套,上衣;表皮cock/ k ?k/ n. 公鸡;雄禽;旋塞code/ k ?ud/n.准则;法典;代码coffee / ‘k?fi/ n. 咖啡,咖啡茶c?il/ k ?il/n.(一) 卷;线圈vt. 卷c?in/ k ?in/n.硬币;铸造( 硬币 )cold/ k ?uld/a.冷的;冷淡的n. 冷collapse/ k ?’l?ps/ vi. 倒坍;崩溃,瓦解collar/ ‘k?l ?/ n. 衣领,项圈colleague/ ‘k?li:g/ n. 同事,同僚collect/ k ?’lekt/ vt. 收集vi. 收款collection/ k ?’lek ??n/ n. 搜集,收集;收藏品collective/ k ?’lektiv/ a. 集体的;集合性的college/ ‘k?lid ?/ n. 学院;大学collision/ k ?’li ?( ?)n/ n. 碰撞;冲突colony/ ‘k?l ?ni/ n. 殖民地;侨居地color/ ‘kΛ l ?/ n. 颜色,彩色;颜料column/ ‘k?l ?m/ n. 柱,支柱,圆柱comb/ k ?um/ n. 梳子 vt. 梳理combination/ k ?mbi’nei ??n/ n. 结合,联合;化合combine/ k ?m’bain/ vt. 使结合;兼有come/ k Λm/ vi. 来,来到;出现comfort/ ‘kΛmf?t/ n. 舒适;安慰vt. 安慰comfortable/ ‘kΛmf?t ?bl/ a. 舒适的,安慰的command/ k?’ma:nd/ vt. 命令,指挥;控制commander/ k ?’ma:nd?/ n. 司令官,指挥员comment/ ‘k?ment/ n. 评论,意见;注释commerce/ ‘k?m?(:)s/ n. 商业,贸易;社交commercial/ k ?’m?: ??l/ a. 商业的;商品化的commission/ k ?’mi??n/ n. 委任状;委员会commit/ k ?’mit/ vt. 犯 ( 错误 ); 干( 坏事 )committee/ k ?’miti/ n. 委员会;全体委员common/ ‘k?m?n/ a. 普通的;共同的communicate/ k ?’mju:nikeit/ vi. 通讯;传达;传播communication/ k ?’mju:nikei ??n/ n. 通讯;传达;交通communism/ ‘k?mjuniz ?m/ n. 共产主义communist/ ‘k?mjunist/ n. 共产党员community/ k ?’mju:niti/ n. 社区;社会;公社companion/ k ?m’p?ni ?n/ n. 同伴;共事者;伴侣company/ ‘kΛmp?ni/ n. 公司,商号;同伴comparative/ k ?m’p?r ?tiv/ a. 比较的,相对的compare/ k ?m’pe ?/ vt. 比较,对照;比作comparison/ k ?m’p?risn/ n. 比较,对照;比似compass/ ‘kΛmp?s/ n. 罗盘,指南针;圆规compel/ k ?m’pel/ vt. 强迫,迫使屈服compete/ k ?m’pi:t/ vi. 比赛;竞争;对抗competent/ ‘k?mpit ?nt/ a. 有能力的;应该做的competition/ k ?mp?’ti ??n/ n. 竞争,比赛complain/ k ?m’plein/ vi. 抱怨,拆苦;控告complaint/ k ?m’pleint/ n. 抱怨;怨言;控告complete/ k ?m’pli:t/ a. 完整的;完成的complex/ ‘k?mpleks/ a. 结合的;复杂的complicated/ ‘k?mplikeitid/ a. 复杂的,难懂的component/ k ?m’p?un?nt/ n. 组成部分;分;组件compose/ k ?m’p?uz/ vt. 组成,构成;创作composition/ k ?mp?’zi ??n/ n. 构成;作品;写作compound/ ‘k?mpaund, k ?m’paund/ n. 化合物;复合词comprehension/ k ?mpri ’hen ??n/ n. 理解,理解力;领悟comprehensive/ k ?mpri ’hensiv/ a. 广泛的;理解的compress/ k ?m ’pres/vt. 压紧,压缩comprise/ k ?m ’praiz/ vt. 包含,包括;构成compromise/ ‘k ?mpr?maiz/ n. 妥协,和解compute/ k ?m ’pju:t/vt. 计算,估计,估算computer/k ?m ’pju:t ?/ n. 计算机,电脑conceal/ k ?n ’si:l/vt. 把⋯隐藏起来concentra te/ ‘k ?ns?ntreit / vt. 集中;聚集;浓缩concentrati on/ k ?ns?n ’trei ??n/ n. 集中;专注;浓缩concept/‘k ?nsept/ n. 概念,观念,设想concern/ k ?n ’s ?:n/n. 关心,挂念;关系concerning/ k ?n ’s ?:ni?/prep. 关于concert/‘k ?ns?t/ n. 音乐会,演奏会conclude/ k?n ’klu:d/ vt. 推断出;结束conclusion/ k?n ’klu: ??n/ n. 结论,推论;结尾concrete/ ‘k ?nkri:t/ n. 混凝土;具体物condemn/ k ?n ’dem/ vt. 谴责,指责;判刑condense/ k?n ’dens/ vt. 压缩,使缩短condition/ k?n ’di ??n/ n. 状况,状态;环境conduct/‘k ?nd?kt, k ?n ’d Λkt/ n. 举止,行为;指导conductor/ k?n ’d Λkt ?/ n. 售票员; ( 乐队 ) 指挥conference/‘k ?nf ?r ?ns/ n. 会议,讨论会confess/ k?n ’fes/ vt. 供认,承认;坦白confidence/‘k ?nfid ?ns/ n. 信任;信赖;信心confident/ ‘k ?nfid ?nt/ n. 确信的,自信的confine/ k ?n ’fain/vt. 限制;禁闭confirm/ k ?n ’f ?:m/vt. 证实,肯定;批准conflict / ‘k ?nflikt , k ?n ’flikt/ n.争论;冲突;斗争confuse/ k ?n’fju:z/vt. 使混乱,混淆congratulate/ k ?n’gr?tjuleit/ vt. 祝贺,向⋯道喜congress/‘k ??gres/ n. 大会;国会,议会conjunction/ k?n ’d ?Λ ?k??n/ n. 接合,连接;连接词connect/ k?’nekt/ vt. 连接,连结;联系connection/ k?’nek ??n/ n. 连接,联系;连贯性conquer/‘k ??k?/ vt. 征服,战胜;破除conquest/‘k ??kwest/ n. 攻取,征服;克服conscience/‘k ?n??ns/ n. 良心,道德心conscious/‘k ?n??s/ a. 意识到的;有意的consciousness/‘k ?n??snis/ n. 意识,觉悟;知觉consent/ k?n ’sent/ n. 同意,赞成 vi. 同意consequence/ ‘k ?nsikw ?ns/ n. 结果,后果consequentl y/ ‘k ?nsikw ?ntli / ad. 因此,因而,所以conservatio n/ k ?ns?(:) ’ve i ??n/ n. 保存,保护;守恒conservativ e/ k ?n ’s ?:v ?tiv / a. 保守的 n. 保守的人consider/k ?n ’sid ?/ vt. 认为;考虑;关心considerabl e/ k ?n ’s id ?r ?bl/ a. 相当大的;重要的considerate / k ?n ’sid ?ri t/ a. 考虑周到的;体谅的considerati on/ k ?nsid ?’rei ??n/ n. 考虑,思考;体贴consist/k ?n ’sist/ vi. 由⋯组成;在于consistent/ k ?n ’sist ?nt/ a. 坚持的,一贯的constant/ ‘k ?nst ?nt/ a. 经常的;永恒的 constitu te/ ‘k ?nstitju:t/ vt. 构成, 组成 , 任命constituti on/ k ?nsti ’t ju: ??n/ n. 章程;体质;构造construc t/ k ?n ’str Λkt/ vt. 建造;建设;构筑constructi on/ k ?n ’s tr Λ k??n/ n. 建造;建筑;建筑物consult/ k ?n ’s Λlt/ vt. 请教,查阅consume/k ?n ’sju:m/ vt. 消耗,消费;消灭consumption/ k?n ’s Λ mp??n/ n. 消耗量;消耗contact/ ‘k?nt?kt, k ?n’t?kt/ vt. 使接触;与⋯联系contain/ k ?n’tein/ vt. 包含,容纳;等于containe r/ k ?n ’ tein ?/ n. 容器;集装箱contemporary/ k ?n ’temp ?r ?ri/ a. 当代的,同时代的contempt/ k ?n ’tempt/ n. 轻蔑;藐视;受辱content / ‘k ?ntent , k ?n ’tent/ n. 内容,目录;容量content / ‘k ?ntent , k ?n ’tent/ a. 满意的,满足的contest / k ?n ’tes t, ‘k ?ntest/ vt. 争夺,争取;辩驳continent/ ‘k ?ntin ?nt/ n. 大陆;陆地;洲continua l/ k ?n ’tinju ?l/ a. 不断的;连续的 continue / k ?n ’tinju(:)/ vt. 继续,连续;延伸 continuous/ k ?n ’tin ju ?s/ a. 连续不断的,持续的 contract / ‘k ?ntr?kt, k ?n ’tr?kt / n. 契约,合同;婚约 contradicti on/ k ?ntr ?’dik ??n / n. 矛盾,不一致;否认 contrary / ‘k ?ntr ?ri / a. 相反的 n. 相反 contrast / ‘k ?ntr?st, k ?n ’tr?st / n. 对比,对照,悬殊 contribute/ k ?n ’tribju(:)t/ vt. 捐献,捐助;投稿 control/ k ?n ’tr ?u l/ vt. 控制,克制 n. 控制 convenience / k ?n ’vi:nj ?ns/ n. 便利,方便;厕所 convenient/ k ?n ’vi:nj ?nt/ a. 便利的;近便的 convention/ k ?n ’ven ??n/ n. 习俗,惯例;公约 conventiona l/ k ?n ’ven ??nl/ a. 普通的;习惯的 conversatio n/ k ?nv?’sei ??n / n. 会话,非正式会谈conversely/ ‘k ?nv?:sli/ ad. 相反地conversion/ k ?n ’v ?: ??n/ n. 转变,转化;改变convert/ k ?n ’v ?:t, ‘k ?nv?:t/ vt. 使转变;使改变convey/ k ?n ’vei/ vt. 传送;运送;传播convince/ k ?n ’vins/ vt. 使确信,使信服cook/ kuk/ vt. 烹调,煮 vt. 烧菜 cool/ ku:l/ a. 凉的,冷静的cooperate/ k ?u’ ?p?reit/ vi. 合作,协作;配合coordinate/ k ?u’ ?dinit/ vt. 使协调,调节cope/ k ?up/vi. 对付,应付coppe r/ ‘k?p?/ n. 铜;铜币,铜制器copy/‘k?pi/ n. 抄件 vt. 抄写,复制cord/ k ?:d/n. 细绳,粗线,索core/k ?:/ n. 果实的心,核心corn/ k ?:n/n. 谷物; ( 英) 小麦corne r/ ‘k?:n?/ n. 角;犄角;边远地区corporation/ k ?:p ?’rei ??n/ n. 公司,企业;社团correct/ k ?’rekt/ a. 正确的vt. 纠正correspond/ k ?ris ’p?nd/ vi. 相符合;相当corresponding/ k ?ris ’p?ndi ?/ a. 相应的;符合的corridor/ ‘k?rid ?:/ n. 走廊,回廊,通路cost/ k ?st/ n. 价格,代价;成本costly/ ‘k?stli/ a. 昂贵的;价值高的cottage/ ‘k?tid ?/ n. 村舍,小屋cotton/ ‘k?tn/ n. 棉;棉线;棉布cough/ k ?f/ vi. 咳,咳嗽 n. 咳嗽could/ kud, k ?d/ aux.v.(can 的过去式 )council/ ‘kaunsil/ n. 理事会,委员会count/ kaunt/ vt. 计算 vi. 数,计数counter/ ‘kaun t ?/ n. 柜台;计数器country/ ‘kΛntri/ n. 国家,国土;农村countryside/ ‘kΛntrisaid/ n. 乡下,农村county/ ‘kaunti/ n. 英国的郡,美国的县couple/ ‘kΛpl/ n. 夫妇; ( 一 ) 对;几个courage/ ‘kΛrid ?/ n. 勇气,胆量,胆识course/ k ?:s/ n. 课程;过程;一道菜court/ k ?:t/ n. 法院,法庭;庭院cousin/ ‘kΛzn/ n. 堂( 或表 ) 兄弟 ( 姐妹 )cover/ ‘kΛ v?/ vt. 盖,包括 n. 盖子cow/ kau/ n. 母牛,奶牛;母兽crack/ kr?k/ n. 裂缝,裂纹 vi. 爆裂craft/ kra:ft/ n. 工艺;手艺,行业crane/ krein/ n. 起重机,摄影升降机crash/ kr? ?/vi.碰撞,坠落 n.碰撞crawl/ kr ?:l/vi. 爬,爬行crazy/ ‘kreizi/ a. 疯狂的,荒唐的cream/ kri:m/ n. 奶油,乳脂;奶油色create/ kri(:) ’eit/ vt. 创造;引起,产生creative/ kri(:) ’eitiv/ a. 创造性的,创作的creature/ ‘kri:t ??/ n. 生物,动物,家畜credit/ ‘kredit/ n. 信用贷款;信用creep/ kri:p/ vi. 爬行;缓慢地行进crew/ kru:/ n. 全体船员crime/ kraim/ n. 罪,罪行;犯罪criminal/ ‘kriminl/ n. 犯人,罪犯,刑事犯crisis/ ‘kraisis/ n. 危机;存亡之际critic/ ‘kritik/ n. 批评家,爱挑剔的人critical/ ‘kritik ?l/ a. 决定性的;批评的criticism/ ‘kritisiz ?m/ n. 批评;批判;评论criticize/ ‘kritisaiz/ vt. 批评;评论;非难crop/ kr ?p/ n. 农作物,庄稼;一熟cross/ kr ?s/ vt. 穿过;使交叉crowd/ kraud/ n. 群;大众;一伙人crown/ kraun/ n. 王冠,冕;花冠crude/ kru:d/ a. 简陋的;天然的cruel/ ‘kru ?l/ a. 残忍的,残酷的crush/ kr Λ?/ vt. 压碎,碾碎;镇压crust/ kr Λst/ n. 面包皮;硬外皮cry/ krai/ vi. 哭,哭泣;叫喊crystal/ ‘kristl/ n. 水晶,结晶体;晶粒cube/ kju:b/ n. 立方形;立方cubic/ ‘kju:bik/ a. 立方形的;立方的cultivate/ ‘kΛ ltiveit/ vt. 耕;种植;培养culture/ ‘kΛlt ??/ n. 文化,文明;教养cup/ k Λ p/ n. 杯子; ( 一) 杯;奖杯cupboard/ ‘kΛb?d/ n. 碗柜,碗碟橱;食橱cure/ kju ?/vt.医治;消除n. 治愈curiosity/ kju ?ri ’ositi/ n.好奇,好奇心;珍品curiou s/ ‘kju?ri ?s/ a. 好奇的;稀奇古怪的cur rent/ ‘kΛr ?nt/ a.当前的;通用的curse/ k ?:s/n. 诅咒,咒骂;天谴curtai n/ ‘k?:tn/n.帘,窗帘;幕( 布)curve/ k ?:v/n.曲线;弯vt. 弄弯cushio n/ ‘ku ??n/n.垫子,坐垫,靠垫custom / ‘kΛst ?m/n.习惯,风俗;海关customer/ ‘kΛst ?m?/ n. 顾客,主顾cut/ k Λ t/ vt. 切,割,剪;减少cycle/ ‘saikl/ n 自行车,循环DEeach/ i:t ?/ pron. 各,各自 a. 各eager/ ‘i:g ?/ a. 渴望的,热切的eagle/ ‘i:gl/ n. 鹰ear/ i ?/ n. 耳朵;听力,听觉early/ ‘ ?:li/ ad. 早 a. 早的,早期的earn/ ?:n/ vt. 赚得,挣得;获得earnest/ ‘ ?:nist/ a. 认真的,诚恳的earth/ ?: θ/ n. 地球;陆地,地面earthquake/ ‘ ?: θkweik/ n. 地震;大震荡ease/ i:z/ n. 容易,舒适 vt. 缓和east/ i:st/ n. 东;东部 ad. 在东方eastern/ ‘i:st ?n/ a. 东方的;朝东的easy/ ‘i:zi/ a. 容易的;安逸的eat/ i:t/ vt. 吃,喝 vi. 吃饭echo/ ‘ek ?u/ n. 回声,反响 vi. 重复econ?mic/ i:k ?’n ?mik/ a. 经济的,经济学的economical/ i:k ?’n ?mik ?l/ a. 节约的;经济学的economy/i(:) ’k ?n?mi/ n. 经济;节约,节省edge/ ed ?/ n. 边缘,边;刀口edition/ i ’di ??n/ n. 版,版本,版次editor/ ‘edit ?/ n. 编辑,编者,校订者educate/ ‘edju(:)keit/ vt. 教育;培养;训练education/ edju: ’kei ??n/ n. 教育;训导;教育学effect/ i ’fekt/ n. 结果;效果,效力effective/ i ’fektiv/ a. 有效的;有影响的efficiency/ i ’fi ??nsi/ n. 效率;功效,效能efficient/ i ’fi ??nt/ a. 效率高的,有能力的effort/ ‘ef ?t/ n. 努力;努力的成果egg/ eg/ n. 蛋,鸡蛋,卵eight/ eit/ num. 八,八个,第八eighteen/ ‘ei ’ti:n/ num. 十八,十八个 eighth/ eit θ/ num. 第八 n. 八分之一eighty/ ‘eiti/ num. 八十,八十个either/ ‘aie ?, ‘i:e ?/ pron.( 两者 ) 任何一个elaborate/ i ’l?b ?rit/ a. 复杂的;精心制作的elastic/ i ’l?stik/ n. 松紧带 a. 有弹性的elder/ ‘eld ?/ a. 年龄较大的 n. 长者elect/ i’lekt/ vt. 选举,推选;选择 election / i ’le k ??n/ n. 选举,选择权;当选electric / i ’lektri k/ a. 电的,电动的electrical/ i ’lekt rik ?l/ a. 电的,电气科学的electricity/ ilek ’trisiti / n.电,电学;电流 electron / i ’lektr ?n/ n. 电子electronic/ ilek ’tr ?nik/ a. 电子的element/ ‘elim ?nt/ n. 成分;要素;元素elementary/ eli’ment ?ri/ a. 基本的;初级的 elephan t/ ‘eli f?nt/ n. 象 elevato r/ ‘eli veit ?/ n. 电梯;升降机eleven/ i ’levn/ num. 十一,十一个eliminate/ i ’limineit / vt. 消灭,消除,排除else/ els/ad. 其它,另外 a. 别的elsewhere/els ’we ?/ ad. 在别处,向别处embarrass/ im ’b?r ?s/ vt. 使窘迫,使为难embrace/ im ’breis/ vt. 拥抱;包括;包围emerge/ i ’m ?:d ?/ vi. 出现,涌现;冒出 emergency/ i ’ m?:d ??nsi/ n. 紧急情况,突然事件emit/ i ’mit/ vt. 散发;发射;发表emotion/ i ’m?u??n/ n. 情感,感情;激动emotional/ i ’m?u??nl/ a. 感情的,情绪的emperor/ ‘emp?r ?/ n. 皇帝emphasis/ ‘emf ?sis/ n. 强调,重点,重要性emphasize/ ‘emf ?saiz/ vt. 强调,着重empire/ ‘empai ?/ n. 帝国employ/ i m’pl ?i/ vi. 雇用;用;使忙于employee/ empl ?i ’i:/ n. 受雇者,雇员,雇工employer/ im ’pl ?i ?/ n. 雇佣者,雇主employment/ im ’pl ?im?nt/ n. 工业;雇用;使用empty/ ‘empti/ a. 空的;空洞的enable/ i ’neibl/ vt. 使能够,使可能enclose/ in ’kl ?uz/ vt. 围住,圈起;附上encounter/ in ’kaunt ?/ vt. 遭遇,遇到n. 遭遇encourage/ in ’kΛrid ?/ vt. 鼓励,支持,助长end/ end/ n. 末端;目标vt. 结束ending/ ‘endi ?/ n. 结尾,结局;死亡endless/ ‘endlis/ a. 无止境的endure/ in ’dju ?/ vt. 忍受;容忍enemy/ ‘enimi/ n. 敌人;仇敌;敌兵energy/ ‘en ?d?i/ n. 活力;精力;能enforce/ in ’f?:s/ vt. 实施,执行;强制engage/ in ’geid ?/ vt. 使从事于;聘用engine/‘end ?in/ n.发动机,引擎;机车engineer/end ?i ’ni ?/ n. 工程师,技师engineering/ end?i ’ni ?ri ?/ n. 工程,工程学enlarge/ in ’la :d ?/ vt. 扩大,扩展;放大 enormous/ i ’n ?:m?s/ a. 巨大的,庞大的 enough/i ’n Λf/ a.足够的 ad. 足够地enquire/ in ’kwai ?/ vi.vt. 询问 enquiry/ / n.询问ensure/ in ’ ?u?/ vt. 保证;保护;赋予 entertain / ent?’tein/ vt. 使欢乐;招待enthusiasm/ in ’ θju:zi?z ?m/ n. 热情,热心,热忱 entitle/ in ’taitl/ vt. 给⋯权利 ( 或资格 ) entry/‘entri/ n. 入口处;登记;进入 environment/ in’vai?r ?nm?nt/ n.环境,外界;围绕envy/ ‘envi/ vt.&n. 妒忌;羡慕equal/‘i:kw ?l/ a.相等的;平等的equality/ i(:) ’kw ?liti/ n.等同,平等;相等equation/ i ’kwei ??n/ n. 方程 ( 式) ;等式 equip/ i ’kwip/ vt. 装备,配备equipment/ i ’kwipm ?nt/ n.装备,设备,配备equivalent/ i ’kwiv ?l ?nt/ a. 相等的;等量的era/ ‘i ?r ?/ n. 时代,年代;纪元 erect/ i ’rekt/ vt. 建造;使竖立error/‘er ?/ n.错误,谬误;差错。
大学英语四级考试(cet4)翻译汉译英常用词汇
大学英语四级考试(cet4)翻译汉译英常用词汇1.名词性短语one after another一个接一个地依次地a couple of一对,一双,几个heart and soul全心全意地,完全地a series of一系列,一连串a variety of种种,各种2.动词性短语account for说明(原因等),解释take into account/consideration考虑……take action采取行动adapt/adjust to适应add up(to)合计达,总计是adhere to粘附在……上,坚持take advantage of利用agree with同意,在……取得一致allow for考虑到leave alone听其自然apply for提出申请(或要求等)apply……to把……应用于……belong to属于make the best of充分利用break out(战争等)爆发bring forward提出(建议等)build up树立,逐步建立,增大call for要求,需要,提倡call on访问,号召,呼吁carry out进行(到底),开展carry through进行(到底),贯彻catch up with赶上deal with sb in sth做买卖dedicate/devote oneself to献(身)于,把……用在……depart from离开,起程,背离derive from取得,起源,由来die away变弱,逐渐平息make a difference有影响,有关系take charge掌管,负责,看管check up核对,检验clear away把……清除掉,(云)消失clear off消除,摆脱(负担等)come true实现,达到compare……to把……比作compare……with把……与……相比较consist/lie in在于,存在于consist of由……构成,包含有contribute to有助于……,促成cope/deal with对付……,妥善处理count on依靠,期待,指望cut down砍倒,消减,缩短date/trace back to追溯到,从……开始有have sth.to do with和……有关,和……打交道drain……of耗尽,用完draw a conclusion得出结论draw up起草,制订dream of梦到,梦想,向往dress up穿上盛装drink to为……干杯,为……祝福drop in on sb顺便拜访某人eat up吃完,吃光,耗尽bring into effect实行,实现,实施come to an end告终,结束,完结engage in(使某人)参加某事或从事某事equip sb./sth.with装备,配备expect sth.of sb.期待,希望fall behind落在……后面,跟不上feel like感到想要做figure out计算出,估计,理解find oneself(+ing/介宾词组)发觉自己的处境focus/concentrate one's attention on关注……get along/on with与……友好相处,有进展give in投降,让步give up放弃,go over检查,从头至尾温习go through经历,完成,检查hand in交上,递上hand on传下来,依次传递hand over交出,移交,让与learn by heart记住,背诵lose heart泄气,灰心hold water证明正确合理,说得通identify sth.with sth.认为……等同于……interfere in干涉,干预interfere with打扰(某人),妨碍keep/bear in mind记住keep on继续进行,反复地做laugh at因……而发笑,嘲笑lead to通向,导致take the lead为首,领先live on靠……生活live through经历过,度过,经受住live up to无愧于,做到look down on蔑视,看不起look forward to盼望,期待,预期major in专攻,专修make up拼凑,组成,补偿(be madeup of由……组成,由……构成)make up for补偿,弥补mistake for把……错认为mix up混合,混淆,搞糊涂move on继续前进name after用……命名take(no)notice of(不)注意,(不)留心keep pace with与……并驾齐驱take pains尽力,努力,下苦功play a part/role in扮演角色,起……作用take part in参加……,参与……pass by走过,(时间)逝去pay back偿还(借款等),回报take the place of代替take pride in以……自豪make progress in在……方面取得进步put aside储存,保留put forward提出(要求、事实等)put off推迟,拖延react on对……有影响react/respond to对……起反应refer to sb.as把……称作rely on依靠,依赖,依仗remark on评论,谈论,议论result from是(由)……造成的result in引起,结果是,导致be/get rid of摆脱,去掉run out(of)(被)用完,耗尽see to负责,注意,照料make sense讲得通,言之有理serve as充当,起作用set aside留出,不顾,set up开办,建立,设立settle down定居,安下心来show off炫耀,卖弄show up使显现,揭露,拆穿keep silence保持沉默,不讲话single out挑选出,选拔,找出sit/stay up迟睡,熬夜slow down放慢速度,减退speed up使加速,增加速度spring up涌现,发生,迅速长出stand up to勇敢地面对,坚决抵抗take steps/measures采取步骤,采取措施stick to坚持,忠于,信守subject to使受到,使遭遇tell/distinguish……from辨别,分辨think over仔细考虑track down找到,发现,查出take turns依次,轮流turn out结果是,证明是turn up出现make use of利用,使用use up用完3.形容词短语be absorbed in专心致力于……be abundant in……富于,……丰富be accustomed to习惯于be acquainted with开始认识,开始了解be available for有效be based on以……为基础be certain of确信,肯定due to由于,应给予,应付的be equal to等于,相当于far(away)from远离be fed up(with)对……极厌倦be full of充满be known as以……知名be known for因……而众所周知be loyal to忠于be proud of为……感动自豪prior to在前,居先,比……在先be qualified to do/for/as能胜任……be representative of代表……be short of缺乏,不足,达不到be subject to受……支配的,需服从……的be typical of是……的特点4.副词短语above all首先,首要after all毕竟,终究,虽然这样all along始终,一直,一贯all in all总的说来,头等重要的all over到处,遍及apart from除……之外(别无)as well也,又at best充其量,至多so far迄今为止instead of代替,而不是……now and then时而,不时over and over(again)一再地,再三地in particular特别,尤其regardless of不顾,不注意ahead of schedule提前behind schedule落后于预定计划on schedule按照预定时间,准时ever since从那时起一直到现在sooner or later迟早,早晚,或迟或早5.介词短语by accident/chance偶然in accordance with与……一致,按照according to根据……所说,按照in addition另外(=besides)in addition to除……之外(还有)in advance在前面,预先for ages长期at all完全,根本,到底not at all根本不,一点也不along with同……一道(一起)at any rate不管怎样,反正in any case不管怎样in this case既然这样as for至于,就……方面说on(an)average平均起来,一般说来on behalf of代表……,为了……at one's best处在最好状态in brief简言之,以简洁的形式on business因事,因公but for倘没有,要不是by oneself单独,独自,自行for certain肯定地,确凿地in charge of主管,掌管,照管in common共用,公有,共同by comparison比较起来in comparison with与……比较on condition that如果……,在……条件下on the contrary正相反out of control失去控制under control处于控制之下at one's convenience在方便的时候at the cost of以……为代价in/during the course of在……期间,在……过程中out of date过时的,陈旧的in detail详细地in difficulty处境困难at sb's disposal任某人处理without doubt无疑地,很可能at ease自由自在,舒适,舒坦out of employment失业in the end最后,终于on end连续地,竖着,直立着for ever/good永远in exchange for交换at the expense of在损失或损坏……的情况下to some extent在某种程度上as a matter of fact事实上in fact其实,实际上without fail必定,务必by force凭借暴力,强迫地in future今后,以后in the future将来in general通常,一般地说on the grounds of以……为理由,根据at hand在手边,在附近in hand在手头,在进行中on hand现有(随时可用)for instance/example例如,比如,举例说by instinct凭(靠)本能at intervals不时,相隔一定的距离in light of按照,根据,鉴于in line with跟……一致,符合as a matter of fact事实上,其实by all means尽一切办法,一定by means of用,凭借by mistake错误地at the moment此刻,目前,那时for the moment暂时,目前in a moment立即,立刻in the name of以……的名义,代表on occasion间或,有时at once立刻,马上in order整齐,状况良好out of order不整齐,发生故障on one's own独自地,主动地in part在某种程度上,部分地on the principle of根据……的原则in proportion to与……成比例,与……相称out of proportion不成比例,不相称in public公开地,当众on purpose故意地in question正在谈论的without question毫无疑问out of the question不可能的,不值得讨论的in regard to关于with regard to关于,至于without regard to不考虑,不顾in relation to关于,有关,与……相比with respect to关于,至于as a result(of)作为……的结果in return(for)作为回报,作为……的交换for the sake of为了,为了……的利益for sale待售,出售的on sale上市的,减价,贱卖on a large/small scale大/小规模地in a sense从某种意义上说in short总之,总而言之at the sight/thought of一看见(一想到)at a speed of以……的速度in support of支援,支持,拥护in sympathy with赞同,同情in terms of根据,以……的措词at times有时,不时from time to time时常,有时,不时in no time立即,立刻,马上in time及时on time按时,准时in truth事实上,的确in turn依次,轮流in vain徒劳,白辛苦in view of鉴于,考虑到,由于6.核心短语和固定搭配and all that诸如此类and so forth/on等等,如此等等and then于是,然后as……as……像,如同,与……一样not as(so)……as……不如……那样as if好像,仿佛as/so long as只要as well as(除……之外)也,既……又to begin with首先,第一had better do sth.还是……好,最好还是……be to blame该受责备,应该负责be bound to一定会……,必然……be bound up with与……有密切关系cannot but不得不,不会不cannot help but不得不(接动词原形)in case假如,免得in case of假如,万一……either……or或……或,不是……就是or else否则,要不然even if即使,纵然for fear of/that由于害怕,生怕,以免first and foremost首要地,首先first of all首先,第一as follows如下generation gap代沟hardly……when……刚……就……can not help doing情不自禁,忍不住if only只要,要是……就好be in for参加(竞赛、考试等)be inferior/superior to(质量等)比……差/好no less than和……一样(多)in the long run从长远来看not to mention更不必说no more不再no more……than……不过,同……一样不no more than仅仅,只是more often than not时常,在更多情况下what's more而且neither……nor……既不……也不……nothing but只有,只不过now that既然,由于once in a while偶尔,间或in order that以便,为了……in order to以便,以……为目的owing to由于,因为had rather……宁愿……rather than宁愿……(而不)would rather……than宁愿……而不愿the same as与……一致,与……相同的that is to say那就是说,换句话说so……as to如此……以至于so far迄今为止,到这种程度as soon as possible尽快no sooner……than一……就……stand the test经受住考验thanks to幸亏,由于in that既然,因为for the time being暂时,眼下as usual像往常一样,照例make certain确定。
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一. 正确认识翻译技巧从中国人进行的翻译定位上看,无论是英译汉还是汉译英,其根本问题都在译者的英语水平或造诣上。
英译汉的题型,关键在于理解原文;而汉译英的题型,关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识,将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字,以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。
笔者想提醒考生注意的是,各种翻译技巧只是工具。
茅盾先生有一句话,如果两种语言的功底不够,那些技巧你也用不上;但若功底深厚,那些条条就成了不足取的框框。
因此,我们对于翻译技巧的讲解,只是大致谈几个方面,大家在翻译的过程中了解注意就可以了。
关键在于遵循常用方法多做练习,只有经过大量的训练,不懈的练习,才可以熟能生巧。
大家的英语水平提高了,词汇量有了一定的积累,各种句型结构熟透于心了,翻译水平自然会上去的。
二. 关于汉译英的翻译技巧,我们大致需要注意这几方面:1、翻译的基本方法:关于直译与意译英语和汉语是两种不同的语言,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。
然而,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。
比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。
正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点,所以在翻译实践中,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。
直译和意译是两种重要的翻译方法。
直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
直译与意译相互关联、互为补充,同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。
通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确理解,我们可以更多地认识到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译,以及在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题,最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。
考生这里应当注意,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。
例如:我们的朋友遍天下。
如果译成“Our friends are all over the world”是直译,而“We have friends all over the world”就是意译。
直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点。
总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。
2、翻译的变通手段翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译,硬凑成英文,必须认真分析上下文,掌握词的确切含义,然后用适当的英文表达,必要时应采用变通手段。
1)增词、减词译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。
译文中添加一些原文没有的词句,表面上看似不忠实,但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有,而是隐含在原文中的。
减词则是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语,避免拖泥带水。
如“感冒可以通过人的手传染”可以译为Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加上的。
而“百姓出现做饭点火难现象”中的“现象”一词可以省略,只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。
我们分别来看几个例句:例1 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。
I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.(增形式主词it)例2 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.(增连词)例3 他连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何的错误。
He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.(省动词)例4 人群渐渐静了下来。
Silence came over the crowds.(省副词)翻译的变通手段2)词类转换词类变形和转换,是英语语言的一个很重要的特点,特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类,大部分可以直接转换使用,或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等)即可转换为另一种词类。
因此,词类转换是汉英翻译中很重要的手段之一。
如果运用得当,既可使译文通顺流畅,也能反映出英语的风格特点。
下面将英汉互译中最常见的词类转换现象,作一个简单的介绍。
A. 汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词汉语中动词用的较多,除了动宾结构外,还有连动式、兼语式等两个动词以上连用的现象。
英语则不然,一句话往往只有一个谓语动词,但英语中的名词比汉语中的名词用的多。
基于两种语言的这一特点,在汉译英时常把汉语中的动词转换为英语中的名词。
例如:你必须好好地照顾病人。
You must take good care of the patient.他善于观察。
He is a good observer.在上述两句中,"照顾","观察"都是动词,但译成英语,则用的是名词care和observer。
反之,在翻译过程中,有时也要把汉语中的名词转换成英语的动词。
例如:他的演讲给我们的印象很深。
His speech impressed us deeply.汉语句子中“印象”是名词,英语句子中则换成了动词。
B. 汉语中的动词转换为英语的形容词汉语中一些表示知觉、情感的动词,往往可以转译成英语系动词+形容词的结构,例如:我为他的健康担忧。
I am worried about his health.我们对她所做的一切感到满意。
We are satisfied with what she did.C. 汉语中的形容词转化为英语中的名词,反之亦然。
你说他傻不傻?Don't you think he is an idiot?他的生日宴会很成功。
His birthday party was a great success.形容词“傻”换成了英语名词an idiot;“成功”换成了英语名词success。
D. 其它转换除了最常见的名词、动词、形容词之间的转换,其它的词类根据需要也可以互相转换。
不过要注意:这已不完全是词类转换的技巧,而是汉英思维和表达方式的不同了。
例如:露西和莉莉上同一个学校。
Lucy and Lily are in the same school.我反对这项法律。
I am against the law.“上学”在汉语里是动词,而英语可以用介词in 表达;“反对”也是动词,英语用介词against 表示。
Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.罗宾汉经常劫富济贫。
英语形容词rich, poor 换成了汉语的名词“富、贫”。
She is physically weak but mentally sound.她体质差但头脑健全。
英语副词physically 转换成了汉语的名词“体质”。
翻译的变通手段3)语态转换由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态,在汉译英时,人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。
事实上并非如此。
在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。
如果一味按照原句的语态来翻译,往往会使译文显得十分别扭。
所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运用语态之间的转换。
我们这里主要讲三种情况:汉语被动句的构成大致可分为两类:一类带有明显的被动标记词(就是“被”“让”那些);另一类则没有这种标记词。
人们通常使用后一类型的被动句。
但不论哪一种类型,翻译成英语时基本上仍可运用被动语态。
A. 用“被、通过、让、给、遭、由、受、为……所”等标记词表示被动语态的汉语被动句。
这类句子一般表示较强的被动意义,强调被动的动作。
例1 这本书已经被译成多种语言。
译文:The book has already been translated into many languages.简评:原文强调的是“这本书”已经被翻译成多种语言,并不强调是“谁”翻译了这本书,不强调“翻译”这个动作的施动者。
因此,英语译文采用被动语态完全符合原文表达内涵。
例2 这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。
译文:The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.简评:小男孩受了伤,这是全句要表达的中心意思。
但是他为什么会受伤?被人打?被车撞?被石头绊?被异物砸?句子没有交代。
一般情况下没人会自己伤害自己,因此在“受伤”这点上,男孩是动作的目标。
中文采用“受”表明被动,英语也用被动语态来翻译,目的是阐述小男孩受伤这个事实。
带有上述被动标记的句子可以译成英语的被动句。
但是,也并不是所有带有被动标记的句子都要这样处理,要具体情况具体对待。
B. 被动标记词不明显的汉语被动句。
这类句子一般都有主语和谓语动词,但其主语实际上是动作承受者,并不是动作执行者。
真正的动作执行者并没有出现。
这样的句子形式上是主动句,含义上却是被动的。
事实上,这种被动句在日常生活中使用频率更高,在译成英文时往往要采用被动语态。
请看下列句子:例3 门锁好了。
译文:The door has been locked up.简评:句子的主语是“门”,动作是“锁”。
但是众所周知,一个非生命体“门”如何实施一个动作“锁”?很显然,“门”也许是妈妈锁上的。
这句话没有一个表示被动语态的被动标记词,但却是一个经典的被动语态句。
因此,翻译成英文时不能说成The door has locked itself.例4 这个问题早解决了。
译文:This problem has long been solved .简评:中文常说“问题有待解决”,这和本句结构相同,都是“解决”这个动作的目标——“问题”作整个句子的主语。
但表示被动语态。
英语里也只能说sb. solves the problem或the problem is solved。
C. 除此之外,汉语还存在一种“怪现象”,即:用主动语态来表达被动意义。
例如“在……中”嵌入及物动词可用于表示被动意义。
这种情况在译成英语时,一般也选择被动语态来翻译。
例5 新住宅在建造中。
译文:New houses are being built.例6 新教材在印刷中。
译文:New textbooks are being printed.翻译的变通手段4)分译与合译句子的分译与合译是较为复杂的课题,也是翻译中常需要解决的问题。
通常情况下,长句要分译,短句要合译,但不可一概而论。
决定分译与合译的重要因素还取决于句中的各个成分之间意思上的关联,以及该句与上下文之间含义的连贯,同时还要符合英语的表达习惯。