高中虚拟语气专题

虚拟语气专题

一虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

1 在宾语从句中的应用

在表示建议、提议、命令、请求等意义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should+原形动词，或者省略should，直接用动词原形。

常见的这类动词有：

1)坚持insist （意为“坚持认为”时用陈述语气）

2)命令order command

3)建议suggest advise propose

4)要求require request ask demand

He demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.

（他要求侵略军马上撤出。）

（1）在wish后宾语从句中的应用。

以动词do为例

（他们希望不必去那个地方。）

I wish we had traveled yesterday when the weather was fine.

（我真希望昨天天好时我们就出发了。）

I wish she would come tomorrow.

(我希望她明天来。)

（2）在would/had rather，would/had/sooner, would (just)as soon后表示“宁愿……，宁可……，但愿……”的宾语从句中，其形式见下表

以动词do

(他真愿现在就是冬天。)

I’d just as soon she were not here tomorrow.

(我真愿她明天不会在这里。)

2 在主语从句中的应用

（1）It is + 形容词/过去分词+ that +主语从句中的主语+ （should）+原形动词。

常用的这类形容词有：strange, necessary, urgent, possible, essential, important, crucial, insistentd，best等。

常用的这类过去分词有：desired，suggested，proposed，requested，ordered，decided，recommended，arranged等。

It is important that we should unite with all that can be united in the struggle.

(在斗争中团结一切可以团结的人是最重要的。)

（2）It is a pity(shame,must等)that + 主语从句中的主语+ （should）+ 原形动词。

It is a buring shame that little children should have to beg in the street.

(小孩们必须上街乞讨，太令人遗憾了。)

It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.

(真是遗憾，你必须在那家旅馆度过一天。)

3 在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用

在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用：

（should）+动词原形

常见的这类名词有：advice, demand, arrangement, command, decision, requirement, suggestion, plan, necessity, motion, desire, proposal, regulation等。

My suggestion is that we (should)start out at once.

(我建议我们立刻出发。)

The professor gave orders that the test be finished before 10:30.

(教授指示考试须在十点半以前结束。)

二虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用

1 表示与现在、将来或过去事实相反的句子，谓语动词用虚拟语气。其形式见下表

If I were you, I would consider their proposal.

(如果我是你，我会多考虑他们的建议。)

If I had known of your arrival, I would have met you at the station.

（要是我早知道你要来，我会去车站接你的。）

2 错综时间条件句

有时，条件从句和主句所表示的动作时间不一致，这时，动词要根据不同的时间用适当的形式来表示。

从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反：

If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.

(假如当时天气再好一点，现在庄稼会长得更好一些。)

从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反：

If you were older, I would have allowed you to go there alone yesterday.

(如果你再大一点，昨天我就会让你单独去那里。)

3 省略if的条件句

条件句中有had，should，could，were等时可以省略if，用倒装语序，即上述词须放在主语之首。

Were there no(=If there were no)gravity, there would be no air around the earth.

(要是没有地球引力，地球周围就没有空气。)

Had we made(=if we had made)adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.

(要是当时做了充分准备，我们是可能成功的。)

4 含蓄条件句

假设的情况不用if条件句，而用其他的形式表示，称为含蓄条件句。

That would have been considered miraculous in the past.

[=If I had been in the past, it would have been considered miraculous.]

(那在过去会被看作是奇迹。)

Without his help,I couldn’t have done it.

[If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have done it.]

(没有他的帮助，我不可能做这件事。)

5 用于if only……引导的从句中

If only 引导的从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示强烈的愿望、不满或遗憾。用法同wish。

6 用于as if（though），even if（though）引导的状语从句中

在as if（though）引导的方式状语从句中，虚拟语气用过去时表示和现在事实相反或对其怀疑，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。

She is so kind and beautiful as if she were an angel.

(她如此善良、美丽，好像是个天使。)

[注]as if/though引导的从句如果用于客观陈述，则用陈述语气。

He acts as if he is drunk.

(他表现出好像是喝醉了酒。)

It looks as if it is going to rain.

(看来要下雨了。)

在even if（though）引导的让步状语从句中有时也常用虚拟语气，谓语形式同if引导的虚拟条件句。

Even if you had enough money,you could not buy the lost time.

(即使你有足够的钱，你也不能买回失去的时光。)

Even though she had bee n very busy,she would have come to help us.

(即使她当时很忙，她也会来帮助我们的。)

7 用于wether……or……，no matter how/what，however，whatever等词引导的让步状语从句中

谓语常用may，might，should+原形动词，may，might，should常省略，尤其是用于be 开头的让步状语从句中。

No matter what you may say,I am determined to do what I think is right.

(不管你怎么说，我认为对的事我一定要做。)

[注]如果是过去的动作，动词要用完成式。