高分子专业英语 曹同玉 2
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高分子材料工程专业英语(2)
李文 材料科学与工程学院高分子材料系 2014年11月25日，第二周
Contents
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
Article Interpretation Glasswares and Tools in the Lab Prefix and Suffix in Polymer Science Nomenclature of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Glassware and tool in the laboratory
round bottom flask
funnel
beaker
graduated cylinder
condenser
separatory funnel
test tube
chromatograph column
Glassware and tool in the laboratory
2. Achieve 得到，实现，成功，如愿以偿 e.g. There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals. Pure macromonomer could be achieved after running silica chromatograph for two times.
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
1. In its most general context: 在其最一般的情况下 Generally, in general, normally, basically e.g. Generally, it is not difficult for graduate student to run this reaction.
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
1st Paragraph Polymer processing, in its most general context, involves the transformation of a solid (sometimes liquid) polymeric resin, which is in a random form (e. g. powder, pellets, beads), to a solid plastics product of specified shape, dimensions, and properties. This is achieved by means of a transformation process: extrusion, molding, calendering, coating, thermoforming, etc. The process, in order to achieve the above objective, usually involves the following operations: solid transport, compression, heating, melting, mixing, shaping, cooling, solidification, and finishing. Obviously, these operations do not necessarily occur in sequence, and many of them take place simultaneously.
在其最一般的情况下，聚合物加工涉及固体（有时侯是液体）聚合物树脂以一种不规则的 形式（例如粉末、颗粒、珠子）转化成一种具有特殊形状、尺寸和性能的固体塑料产品。这 借助于转换加工：挤出、模塑、压延、涂敷、热成型等。为了实现上述目的，加工过程通常 包含下述操作：固体输送、压缩、加热、熔融、混合、成型、冷却、固化并完成。显然，这 些操作不必按序发生，许多操作可以同时发生。 thermoforming thermometer thermoresponsive
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
6-7th Paragraph The following discussion will highlight some of the basic concepts involved in plastics shaping operations. It will emphasize recent developments relating to the analysis and simulation of some important commercial processes, with due consideration to elucidation of both thermo-mechanical history and microstructure development. More extensive reviews of the subject can be found in standard references on the topic (1~6). 下面的讨论将重点放在塑料成型操作中的一些基本概念上。将强调关于分析和模拟一些重 要商品加工过程的最新进展，并适当考虑说明热机械历程和微结构发展。在主题(1～6)的参 考文献中能够找到本主题更广泛的综述。 As mentioned above, shaping operations involve combinations of fluid flow and heat transfer, with phase change, of a visco-elastic polymer melt. Both steady and unsteady state processes are encountered. A scientific analysis of operations of this type requires solving the relevant equations of continuity, motion, and energy (i.e. conservation equations). 如上面提到的，成型操作包括液体流动和热传递，以及粘弹性聚合物熔融过程中的相态变 化。稳定和非稳定状态加工是相冲突的。这种典型操作的科学分析需要解决相关连续、运转 和能量平衡 (如守恒方程)。
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
2nd Paragraph Shaping is required in order to impart to the material the desired geometry and dimensions. It involves combinations of viscoelastic deformations and heat transfer, which are generally associated with solidification of the product from the melt. 成型是为了给予材料所需要的几何形状和尺寸，它包括粘弹形变和热传递，这种粘弹形 变和热传递一般是和产品从熔体的固化相联系的。 Be associated with… 和……联系在一起； 与……有关 Abnormal results are likely associated with something interesting. , which… 引出一个非限定的定语从句 I made a ligand which is pretty clean. 我合成了一个非常纯的配体。(配体不止一个) I made a ligand, which is pretty clean. 我合成了一个配体，它非常纯。 (只有一个配体） Fresh initiator was added in the flask, which was then ready for polymerization.
refrigerator
百度文库
stir bar
(Multiple) adaptor
glove
wide mouth bottle
balance
Glassware and tool in the laboratory
boiling flask-3-neck 三口烧瓶 burette clamp 滴定管夹 burette stand 滴定架台 Busher funnel 布氏漏斗 Claisen distilling head 减压蒸馏头 condenser-Allihn type 球型冷凝管 condenser-west tube 直型冷凝管 crucible tongs 坩埚钳 crucible with cover 带盖的坩埚 distilling head 蒸馏头 distilling tube 蒸馏管 erlenmeyer flask 锥型瓶 evaporating dish (porcelain) 瓷蒸发皿 filter flask(suction flask) 抽滤瓶 florence flask 平底烧瓶 fractionating column 分馏柱 tripod 三角架 volumetric flask 容量瓶
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
3rd Paragraph Shaping includes: (1) two-dimensional operations , e.g. dieforming, calendering and coating, and (2) three-dimensional molding and forming operations. Two-dimensional processes are either of the continuous, steady state type （e.g. film and sheet extrusion , wire coating, paper and sheet coating, calendering, fiber spinning, pipe and profile extrusion, etc. ) or intermittent as in the case of extrusions associated with intermittent extrusion blow moulding. Generally, moulding operations are intermittent, and, thus, they tend to involve unsteady state conditions. Thermoforming, vacuum forming, and similar processes may be considered as secondary shaping operations, since they usually involve the reshaping of an already shaped form. In some cases, like blow molding, the process involve primary shaping (parison formation) and secondary shaping (parison inflation ). two-dimension (2D) （二维，二元）, three-dimension (3D) 成型包括：（1）二元操作，例如，口模成型、压延和涂敷，（2）三元的模塑和成型操作 。二元的操作要么是连续的，稳定状态形式（例如薄膜和薄板的挤出，电线涂布，纸和薄板 涂布，压延，纤维纺丝，管材和型材挤出等等），要么是间歇式的，在挤出的情况下伴有间 歇挤出吹塑。通常来说，模塑操作是间歇的，因此，倾向于非稳定状态条件。热成型，真空 成型，和相似的加工可以认为是二次成型操作，因为它们通常包括已成型形状的再次成型。 在某些情况下，比如吹塑，加工包括首次成型（型胚成型）和二次成型（型胚膨胀）。 and放在最后一个并列词的前面，其他并列词之间用逗号.
李文 材料科学与工程学院高分子材料系 2014年11月25日，第二周
Contents
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
Article Interpretation Glasswares and Tools in the Lab Prefix and Suffix in Polymer Science Nomenclature of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Glassware and tool in the laboratory
round bottom flask
funnel
beaker
graduated cylinder
condenser
separatory funnel
test tube
chromatograph column
Glassware and tool in the laboratory
2. Achieve 得到，实现，成功，如愿以偿 e.g. There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals. Pure macromonomer could be achieved after running silica chromatograph for two times.
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
1. In its most general context: 在其最一般的情况下 Generally, in general, normally, basically e.g. Generally, it is not difficult for graduate student to run this reaction.
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
1st Paragraph Polymer processing, in its most general context, involves the transformation of a solid (sometimes liquid) polymeric resin, which is in a random form (e. g. powder, pellets, beads), to a solid plastics product of specified shape, dimensions, and properties. This is achieved by means of a transformation process: extrusion, molding, calendering, coating, thermoforming, etc. The process, in order to achieve the above objective, usually involves the following operations: solid transport, compression, heating, melting, mixing, shaping, cooling, solidification, and finishing. Obviously, these operations do not necessarily occur in sequence, and many of them take place simultaneously.
在其最一般的情况下，聚合物加工涉及固体（有时侯是液体）聚合物树脂以一种不规则的 形式（例如粉末、颗粒、珠子）转化成一种具有特殊形状、尺寸和性能的固体塑料产品。这 借助于转换加工：挤出、模塑、压延、涂敷、热成型等。为了实现上述目的，加工过程通常 包含下述操作：固体输送、压缩、加热、熔融、混合、成型、冷却、固化并完成。显然，这 些操作不必按序发生，许多操作可以同时发生。 thermoforming thermometer thermoresponsive
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
6-7th Paragraph The following discussion will highlight some of the basic concepts involved in plastics shaping operations. It will emphasize recent developments relating to the analysis and simulation of some important commercial processes, with due consideration to elucidation of both thermo-mechanical history and microstructure development. More extensive reviews of the subject can be found in standard references on the topic (1~6). 下面的讨论将重点放在塑料成型操作中的一些基本概念上。将强调关于分析和模拟一些重 要商品加工过程的最新进展，并适当考虑说明热机械历程和微结构发展。在主题(1～6)的参 考文献中能够找到本主题更广泛的综述。 As mentioned above, shaping operations involve combinations of fluid flow and heat transfer, with phase change, of a visco-elastic polymer melt. Both steady and unsteady state processes are encountered. A scientific analysis of operations of this type requires solving the relevant equations of continuity, motion, and energy (i.e. conservation equations). 如上面提到的，成型操作包括液体流动和热传递，以及粘弹性聚合物熔融过程中的相态变 化。稳定和非稳定状态加工是相冲突的。这种典型操作的科学分析需要解决相关连续、运转 和能量平衡 (如守恒方程)。
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
2nd Paragraph Shaping is required in order to impart to the material the desired geometry and dimensions. It involves combinations of viscoelastic deformations and heat transfer, which are generally associated with solidification of the product from the melt. 成型是为了给予材料所需要的几何形状和尺寸，它包括粘弹形变和热传递，这种粘弹形 变和热传递一般是和产品从熔体的固化相联系的。 Be associated with… 和……联系在一起； 与……有关 Abnormal results are likely associated with something interesting. , which… 引出一个非限定的定语从句 I made a ligand which is pretty clean. 我合成了一个非常纯的配体。(配体不止一个) I made a ligand, which is pretty clean. 我合成了一个配体，它非常纯。 (只有一个配体） Fresh initiator was added in the flask, which was then ready for polymerization.
refrigerator
百度文库
stir bar
(Multiple) adaptor
glove
wide mouth bottle
balance
Glassware and tool in the laboratory
boiling flask-3-neck 三口烧瓶 burette clamp 滴定管夹 burette stand 滴定架台 Busher funnel 布氏漏斗 Claisen distilling head 减压蒸馏头 condenser-Allihn type 球型冷凝管 condenser-west tube 直型冷凝管 crucible tongs 坩埚钳 crucible with cover 带盖的坩埚 distilling head 蒸馏头 distilling tube 蒸馏管 erlenmeyer flask 锥型瓶 evaporating dish (porcelain) 瓷蒸发皿 filter flask(suction flask) 抽滤瓶 florence flask 平底烧瓶 fractionating column 分馏柱 tripod 三角架 volumetric flask 容量瓶
Unit 23 Polymer Processing
3rd Paragraph Shaping includes: (1) two-dimensional operations , e.g. dieforming, calendering and coating, and (2) three-dimensional molding and forming operations. Two-dimensional processes are either of the continuous, steady state type （e.g. film and sheet extrusion , wire coating, paper and sheet coating, calendering, fiber spinning, pipe and profile extrusion, etc. ) or intermittent as in the case of extrusions associated with intermittent extrusion blow moulding. Generally, moulding operations are intermittent, and, thus, they tend to involve unsteady state conditions. Thermoforming, vacuum forming, and similar processes may be considered as secondary shaping operations, since they usually involve the reshaping of an already shaped form. In some cases, like blow molding, the process involve primary shaping (parison formation) and secondary shaping (parison inflation ). two-dimension (2D) （二维，二元）, three-dimension (3D) 成型包括：（1）二元操作，例如，口模成型、压延和涂敷，（2）三元的模塑和成型操作 。二元的操作要么是连续的，稳定状态形式（例如薄膜和薄板的挤出，电线涂布，纸和薄板 涂布，压延，纤维纺丝，管材和型材挤出等等），要么是间歇式的，在挤出的情况下伴有间 歇挤出吹塑。通常来说，模塑操作是间歇的，因此，倾向于非稳定状态条件。热成型，真空 成型，和相似的加工可以认为是二次成型操作，因为它们通常包括已成型形状的再次成型。 在某些情况下，比如吹塑，加工包括首次成型（型胚成型）和二次成型（型胚膨胀）。 and放在最后一个并列词的前面，其他并列词之间用逗号.