《城市公交站点布局优化与设计方法研究-以某公交站点规划为例》论文

硕士学位论文

MASTER DISSERTATION

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摘要

公交站点作为公共汽车交通系统的子系统，承担着客流集散的功能，对于公共交通服务的方便度与舒适度都有着很大的影响。公交站点的优化设计不仅关系到公共交通运输的质量和效率，而且影响道路交通的运行质量和城市环境。

论文在分析了公交站点车辆停靠基本特性以及城市公交站点存在的问题的基础上，从宏观、中观、微观三个层面对公交中途停靠站点的布局优化及设计方法进行了探讨。首先，通过对公交站点站距优化已有研究成果的分析，确定了不同等级公交线路在不同情况下的平均站距取值。建立以乘客总出行时间最小的平均站距模型和基于公交车辆配置的站距优化模型，根据公交线路沿线的客流分布、道路条件等情况的不同，求出线路上每个站点之间的最优站间距。

在站点的选址、选型研究中，论文通过对路段公交停靠站与交叉口公交停靠站优缺点的比较分析，给出了公交站点的选址原则。同时分析了直线式和港湾式站点对于道路交通流的影响情况，为站点形式的确定提供依据。

论文采用理论和实际相结合的方法，运用站点通行能力计算以及排队论分析等方法，对公交站点的合理站位数加以确定，并结合公交站点调查数据，在实际中加以应用和分析；基于公交车辆的外型尺寸和在站点的停靠特性，在站位优化设计基础上，给出公交停靠站尤其是港湾式公交停靠站各部分的设计尺寸。

论文分析了城市公交站点布局优化和设计相关理论和方法，根据城市特点和公交发展实际情况，对站距、站点的选型和选址、站点通行能力及站位数等公交站点规划和建设的主要技术问题进行了研究。研究成果为城市公交站点的规划和设计提供了理论依据，具有一定的指导意义。

关键字：公交站点，站点间距，站位数，站址

ABSTRACT

As an important component of the public transportation,bus stops play an important role in public transport service. The optimization design of the bus stop produces an effect not only on the efficiency of the public transportation, but also on the quantity ofthe city environment.

The dissertation researches the optimization design of bus stop from three aspects:

Firstly, based on plan idea of bus routes graded, bus stop spacing of different gate bus routes is suggested.The dissertation establishes the model based on the minimum trabel time and the cost of the system.According to the bus routes and flow, every optimum spacing of bus stops can be calculated to obtain using the method.Through analyzing and comparing advantages and disadvantages between far-side, near-side,and mid-block bus stops，the thesis gives some principles of locating bus stops.

Based on the furtber study on bus stop capacity,queue theory, and probability of vehicle arrival,the dissertation develops methods used to optimizing the berth of bus stops,and gives the corresponding scope table of the bus stop capacity and the number of berths.

As to the capacity of bus stops,the dissertation discusses the length design of bus stop zone, and gives the design dimension especially for bus bay. Finally, the dissertation gives optimization design instances of bus stops.

This dissertation is focused to provide theoretical as well as practical decision tools for public transportation agencies in China in terms of the following key technical aspects of the bus stop: stop spacing optimization,location optimization and stop capacity.

KEYWORDS: bus stop,stop spacing, stop capacity,stop location

Chen Jie(Tranportation Planning and management)

Directed by Han Hao