国际法相关英文资料1
国际法整理资料
名词解释1、law-making treaty 造法性条约Law-making treaties are intended to have universal (or general) rather than restrictive effect. Such ‘law-making’ treaties are created with the participation of a large number of states to elaborate their perception of international law upon any given topic or to establish new rules for guiding their future international conduct. Rules produced by such treaties can have binding effect upon all contracting parties. Examples of these ‘law-making’ treaties include the1992 Rio Declaration of the UN Convention on the Environment and Development,etc2、Recognition de facto 事实承认The recognition de facto is usually regarded as an interim step in which the recognizing states have some doubts concerning the continuance and legality of the government in question.3、universal jurisdiction/ the universality principle 普遍性管辖Under the universality principle, where a crime is offensive to the interests of the international community as a whole, each and every state may arrest jurisdiction over the offense. Irrespective of the nationality of the victim and the offender and the location of the offense.4、restrictive immunity相对/有限豁免权Such circumstance led to the calls for modification of the doctrine. Many states therefore have adopted the concept of restrictive immunity, whereby immunity may be granted to governmental acts (acts jure imperii) while immunity is not available for those relating to private or trade activity(acts jure gestionis).5、reservations to treaties 条约保留As defined in Article 2 of the 1969 Vienna Convention, a reservation is :A unilateral statement ,however phrased or named, made by a state ,when signing , ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or to modify the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in the treaty in their application to that state.6、the continental shelf 大陆架的定义The 1982 Convention defines the continental shelf as:"the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance."7、the right of hot pursuit 紧追权Hot pursuit is a principle which allows the warships or military aircraft of a coastal state to pursue a foreign ship which has violated the coastal state’s laws within internal or territorial waters and to arrest it on the high seas.8、the right of derogation 克减权1、In time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and the existence of which is officially proclaimed, the States Parties to the present Covenant may take measures derogating from their obligations under the present Covenant to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with their other obligations under international law and do not involve discrimination solely on the ground of race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin.2. No derogation from articles 6, 7, 8 (paragraphs I and 2), 11, 15, 16 and 18 may be made under this provision.3. Any State Party to the present Covenant availing itself of the right of derogation shall immediately inform the other States Parties to the present Covenant, through the intermediary of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, of the provisions from which it has derogated and of the reasons by which it was actuated. A further communication shall be made, through the same intermediary, on the date on which it terminates such derogation.9、双梯度责任制Liability of Two -tier systemstrict liability For damages arising not exceeding 113,000 Special Drawing Rights(1SDR＝0.888671g ) for each passenger, the carrier shall not be able toexclude or limit its liability.fault liability The carrier shall not be liable for damages arising exceed for each passenger 113,000 Special Drawing Rights if the carrier proves that:(a) such damage was not due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the carrier or its servants or agents; or(b) such damage was solely due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of a third party论述题（一）contens of diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权豁免的内容diplomatic privileges and immunities entitled to the diplomatic mission ：大使馆的外交特权豁免(1) Use of the flag and emblem 使用国旗和国徽The mission and its head shall have the right to use the flag and emblem of the sending State on the premises of the mission, including the residence of the head of the mission, and on his means of transport.(2)The premises of the mission shall be inviolable 使馆馆舍不受侵犯•1. The premises of the mission shall be inviolable. The agents of the receiving State may not enter them, except with the consent of the head of the mission.•2. The receiving State is under a special duty to take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity.•3. The premises of the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon and the means of transport of the mission shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution.(3)archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable 使馆档案文件不受侵犯•The archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable at any time andwherever they may be.(4)free communication 通讯自由•1. The receiving State shall permit and protect free communication on the part of the mission for all official purposes. In communicating with the Government and the other missions and consulates of the sending States, wherever situated, the mission may employ all appropriate means, including diplomatic couriers and messages in code or cipher. However, the mission may install and use a wireless transmitter only with the consent of the receiving State.•2. The official correspondence of the mission shall be inviolable. Official correspondence means all correspondence relating to the mission and its functions. •3. The diplomatic bag shall not be opened or detained.•4. The packages constituting the diplomatic bag must bear visible external marks of their character and may contain only diplomatic documents or articles intended for official use.•5. The diplomatic courier, who shall be provided with an official document indicating his status and the number of packages constituting the diplomatic bag, shall be protected by the receiving State in the performance of his functions. He shall enjoy personal inviolability and shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention.(5) Exemption from all dues and taxes 免捐税The premises of the mission shall be exempt from all dues and taxes .The fees and charges levied by the mission in the course of its official duties shall be exempt from all dues and taxes(6) Free movement and travel 行动自由•The receiving State shall ensure to all members of the mission freedom of movement and travel in its territory except for zones entry into which is prohibited or regulated for reasons of national securitydiplomatic privileges and immunities entitled to diplomatic agents 外交代表的特权与豁免(1)The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable .人身不受侵犯He shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention. The receiving State shall treat him with due respect and shall take all appropriate steps to prevent any attack on his person, freedom or dignity(2) Inviolability of residence and properties 寓所、财产不受侵犯•The private residence of a diplomatic agent shall enjoy the same inviolability and protection as the premises of the mission .His papers, correspondence and his property shall likewise enjoy inviolability(3) Exemption from jurisdiction of the receiving state管辖的豁免(i)A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State.(ii) He shall also enjoy immunity from its civil and administrative jurisdiction(民事和行政管辖的豁免——四项例外①关于接受国境内私有不动产之物权诉讼；②外交代表以私人身分并不代表派遣国而为遗嘱执行人、遗产管理人、继承人或受遗赠人之继承事件之诉讼；③外交代表于接受国内在公务范围以外所从事之专业或商务活动之诉讼；④外交代表主动提起诉讼即不得对与主诉直接相关之反诉主张管辖豁免）;(iii) A diplomatic agent is not obliged to give evidence as a witness;(iv) Immunity of the execution of the civil and administrative judgment.The immunity from jurisdiction of diplomatic agents may be waived by the sending State. Waiver must always be express(4) Exemption from all customs duties, taxes, and related charges and inspection 免纳捐税•Articles for the personal use of a diplomatic agent shall be exempt from all customs duties, taxes, and related charges, and his personal baggage shall be exempt from inspection(5) Exemption from all dues and taxes .A diplomatic agent shall be exempt from all dues and taxes(6) Other privileges and immunities（二）、the legal states of the territorial sea领海的法律地位The coastal state enjoys full territorial sovereignty over its territorial sea : •(1). An exclusive right to fish, and to exploit the resources of the seabed and subsoil of the territorial sea.•(2). Exclusive enjoyment of the air space above the territorial sea; unlike ships, foreign aircraft have no right of innocent passage.•(3.) The coastal state’s ships have the exclusive right to transport goods and passengers from one port of the coastal state to another.1.the legal status of the territorial sea•(4.) If the coastal state is neutral in a time of war, belligerent states may not engage in combat, or capture merchant ships in the coastal state’s territorial sea.•(5.) The coastal state may enact regulations concerning navigation, health, customs duties and immigration, which foreign ships must obey.•(6)The coastal state has certain powers of arrest over merchant ships exercising a right of innocent passage, and over persons on board such ships Jurisdiction . •(7)Marine scientific research•(8)The protection and preservation of the marine environmentThe criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State 沿海国家的刑事管辖权•1.coastal state should exercise criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ships which failed to conform with the innocent passage.•2.coastal state should exercise criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ships passing through the territorial sea under certain circumstance.•3.The above provisions do not affect the right of the coastal State to take any steps authorized by its laws for the purpose of an arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.•4. the coastal State may take any steps on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship entered the territorial sea accord to the regulations of the exclusive economic zone and the regulation related to conservation of the living resources of the high seas,if the ship, proceeding from a foreign port, is only passing through the territorial sea without entering internal waters2.right of innocent passage•Passage is innocent so long as it not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state. Such passage shall take place in conformity with these articles and with other rules of international law.•Passage is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. eg:.The Corfu Channel Case（三）、the sources of international law国际法渊源1、Treaties 条约Treaties refer to the creation of written agreements whereby the states participating bind themselves legally to act in a particular way or to set upparticular relations between themselves.2、Custom 风俗习惯In international law custom is a practice followed by those states involved because they feel legally obliged to behave in such a way.3、General principle of law一般法律原则Under municipal law there will always be cases for which relevant rules have to be worked out by analogizing from existing rules or general principles of law since no law already existing is covering exactly these case under consideration.4、Judicial decisions 司法判例Judicial decisions can be much important for the determination of the rules of international law although they are a subsidiary means rather than an actual source of law, such as international conventions ,custom and general principles of law.5、The teachings of publicists国际法专家学说6、Other possible sources 其他可能的渊源（四）the conditions for extradiction 引渡的条件.1、double criminality 双重犯罪Extraditable offences 可引渡的罪行•Double criminality means the act of the person who is requested for extradition should be a punishable crime in both requesting and requested states.•(1). For the purposes of the present Treaty, extraditable offences are offences that are punishable under the laws of both Parties by imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty for a maximum period of at least one/two year(s), or by a more severe penalty. •(2). In determining whether an offence is an offence punishable under the laws of both Parties.•(3). Where extradition of a person is sought for an offence against a law relating to taxation, customs duties, exchange control or other revenue matters, extradition may not be refused on the ground that the law of the requested State does not impose the same kind of tax or duty or does not contain a tax, customs duty or exchange regulation of the same kind as the law of the requesting State.•(4). If the request for extradition includes several separate offences each of which is punishable under the laws of both Parties, but some of which do not fulfill the other conditions set out in paragraph 1 of the present article, the requested Party may grant extradition for the latter offences provided that the person is to be extradited for at least one extraditable offence.（四）the conditions for extradiction引渡的条件Under certain treaties or reciprocity practice a state may surrender to another state suspects , alleged offenders or convicted criminals who committed against laws of the requesting state and fled abroad. It is based upon bilateral treaty law and does not exist as an obligation upon states in customary law.双重犯罪double criminalityDouble criminality means the act of the person who is requested for extraditionshould be a punishable crime in both requesting and requested states.引渡犯罪Extraditable offences1. For the purposes of the present Treaty, extraditable offences are offences that are punishable under the laws of both Parties by imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty for a maximum period of at least one/two year(s), or by a more severe penalty. Where the request for extradition relates to a person who is wanted for the enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty imposed for such an offence, extradition shall be granted only if a period of at least four/six months of such sentence remains to be served.2. In determining whether an offence is an offence punishable under the laws of both Parties, it shall not matter whether: (a) The laws of the Parties place the acts or omissions constituting the offence within the same category of offence or denominate the offence by the same terminology; (b) Under the laws of the Parties the constituent elements of the offence differ, it being understood that the totality of the acts or omissions as presented by the requesting State shall be taken into account.3. Where extradition of a person is sought for an offence against a law relating to taxation, customs duties, exchange control or other revenue matters, extradition may not be refused on the ground that the law of the requested State does not impose the same kind of tax or duty or does not contain a tax, customs duty or exchange regulation of the same kind as the law of the requesting State.4. If the request for extradition includes several separate offences each of which is punishable under the laws of both Parties, but some of which do not fulfill the other conditions set out in paragraph 1 of the present article, the requested Party may grant extradition for the latter offences provided that the person is to be extradited for at least one extraditable offence.拒绝引渡情形Mandatory grounds for refusal ：Extradition shall not be granted in any of the following circumstances:(a) If the offence for which extradition is requested is regarded by the requested State as an offence of a political nature;(b) If the requested State has substantial grounds for believing that the request forextradition has been made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing a person on account of that person's race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinions, sex or status, or that that person's position may be prejudiced for any of those reasons;(c) If the offence for which extradition is requested is an offence under military law, which is not also an offence under ordinary criminal law;(d) If there has been a final judgment rendered against the person in the requested State in respect of the offence for which the person's extradition is requested;(e) If the person whose extradition is requested has, under the law of either Party, become immune from prosecution or punishment for any reason, including lapse of time or amnesty;(f) If the person whose extradition is requested has been or would be subjected in the requesting State to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or if that person has not received or would not receive the minimum guarantees in criminal proceedings, as contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 14;(g) If the judgment of the requesting State has been rendered in absentia, the convicted person has not had sufficient notice of the trial or the opportunity to arrange for his or her defense and he has not had or will not have the opportunity to have the case retried in his or her presence.5、the categories of jurisdiction管辖的分类(1)the territorial principle 属地管辖According to the territorial principle, a state is capable of exercising jurisdiction over crimes committed within its territory.(2)the nationality principle属人管辖(不确定)Under the nationality principle, A national who committed crimes, even though such a national is now resident abroad, will be tried for his offense, once he returns within jurisdiction of the state. On the other hand, states are to respect the legitimate rights of nationals of other states, and may not mistreat them within its jurisdiction. (3)the protective principle 保护性管辖It is a principle, whereby a state can exercise jurisdiction over offenses committedoutside its territory, which are considered injurious to its security and national interests.(4)the universality principle普遍性管辖Under the universality principle, where a crime is offensive to the interests of the international community as a whole, each and every state may assert jurisdiction over the offense, irrespective of the nationality of the victim and the offender and the location of the offense.6、the legal effects of recognition de jure 法律承认的效力recognition de facto1.full diplomatic relations could be establishes between the recognizing state and the recognized entity. treaties on a general topic could be concluded.2. enjoy locus standi in the recognizing state enjoy immunity from suit in the recognizing state and cannot be sued without it consent.3.its legislative and administrative acts will be given effect to within the recognizing state. De jure authority remain competent for matters arising outside that territory 4．recognition once granted is retroactive. It is backdated to the establishment of the entity in question and it does not related the time recognition is accorded.。
行业英语：International law 国际法
Being sovereign and equal to others, a state has certain rights and corresponding duties.作为独立、平等的主权国家，既享有某些权利，也承担相应的义务。
Both sides claimed the other side broke the peace agreement.双方都声称对方破坏了和平协议。
Every state has the duty to refrain from use of force against the territorial1 integrity of any other state.任何国家都负有不得使用武力侵犯别国领土完整的责任。
A state alone can perform acts of sovereignty on its territory.只有国家才能在自己的领土上行使主权行为。
He claimed diplomatic immunity2 to avoid being arrested.为了避免被捕，他声称享有外交豁免权。
His passport is out of date.他的护照已过期。
Illegal immigrants are deported3.非法移民要被驱逐出境。
One of the most flagrant of infringement4 of independence of States is intervention5. 公然侵犯国家独立的行为之一是干涉。
Public international law has been regarded as a system of principles and rules designed to govern relations between sovereign states.国际公法一直被视为是调整主权国关系的一套原则和规则。
常用国际法词汇——法律英语
常用国际法词汇——法律英语sources of international law 国际法的渊源treaties条约custom习惯genaral priciples of law 一般法律原则priciple of good faith 善意原则pacta sunt servada 约定必守原则priciple of estopel 禁止反言原则judicial decisions 司法判决the teachings of publicista 公法学家的学说resolutions of international organitions 国际组织的决议jus congens 国际法基本原则the subjects of international law国际法主体a permanent population有定居的居民a defined territory有固定的领土government 政府independence or sovereignty 独立的主权state succesion国家继承succesion of government 政府继承protectorates and protected states 保护领地与被保护国mandated and trust territories委任统治地和托管地recognation承认recognation of states国家的承认the constitutive theory构成说the declaratory theory 宣告说recognation of government 政府的承认the doctrine of effective control 有效控制原则de facto and de jure recognation 事实承认与法律承认conditional recognation 有条件承认withdrawal of recognation承认的撤销non-recognationtterritory 领土territory disputes 领土争端the principle of respect for territorial integrity states 互相尊重领土完整territory sovereignty 领土主权terra nullius 无主地derivative roots of title 派生权利original title 固有权利res communis 公共地intertemporal law 情势变更原则the scrutiny of demostic jurisdition 国内管辖权的审查the acquisition of territory 领土的取得occupation of terra nullius 先占prescription 时效cession 割让accreetion 添附subjugation or conquest 征服effective occupation 有效占领assert the sovereign right to the territory 主张领土主权the principle of contiguity 临近原则the principle of continuity 连续性原则null and viod 无效self-defense 自卫the transformation of the course of a river 河流改道the median line between the two banks 河流中心线the middle line of the navigable channel 航道中心线adjudication司法裁定the doctrine of uti possidetis 先占原则lease 租借servitude 国际地役jurisdiction 管辖权legislative juridiction 立法管辖权executive juridiction 行政管辖权judicial juridiction 司法管辖权apprehension 逮捕the host state 东道国civil juridiction 民事管辖权criminal juridiction 行使管辖权the common law countries 普通法系国家the continental law countries 大陆法系国家the defendant 被告the territoral principle 领土原则the protective principle 保护原则the nationality principle 国际原则the passive personality principle 被动人格原则the universality principle 普遍性原则flag state 船旗国manslaughter 过失杀人jus sanguinis 血统原则jus soli 出生地原则naturalization 归化piracy 海盗行为slave trading 奴隶贸易international terrorist activities 国际恐怖主义活动organized crimes 有组织犯罪war crimes 战争罪concentration camps 集中营abduct 绑架international criminal juridiction mechanism国际刑事司法体制extradition 引渡take refuge 避难asylum 庇护extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护diplomatis asylum 外交庇护immunities from jurisdiction 管辖豁免state immunity 国家的豁免absolute immunity 绝对豁免restrictive immunity 有限豁免requisitioned ship 被征用的船舶writ 令状governmental acts(acts jure imperili) 公务行为private or trade activity(acts jure gestionis) 私人行为immunity of foreign military personnel 外国军事人员的豁免the indigenous people 当地居民diplomatic privileges and immunities 外交特权与豁免diplomatic staffs 外交人员personal reprisenation 个人代表说extraterritoriality 治外法权说functional necessity 职务需要说persona non grata 不受欢迎的人the diplomatic mission 外交使团the premises of the diplomatic mission使馆馆舍consular immunity 领事豁免state responsibility 国家责任international obligation 国际义务internationally wrongful act 国际不法行为fault 过错objective responsibility 客观责任原则subjective responsibility 主观责任原则intentional and negligent 故意和过失ultra vires acts 越权行为due dilgence 适当注意satisfaction 赔礼道歉the treatment of aliens 外国人待遇international mminimum standard国际标准原则national treatment standard 国民待遇dual nationality 双重国籍exhaustion of local remidies 用尽当地救济expel aliens 驱逐外国人on the international plane 在国际上the law of treaties 条约法termination of wars 结束战争an expression of concurring wills 同意的意思表示concurring wills attributable to two or more parties 两方或多方的一致意愿concluded between subjects of international law 在国际法主体之间缔结an intention to produce lagal effects 产生法律效果的意愿lagal effects under public international law受国际法调整的法律效果unilateral statement 单方面声明a concessionary contract 特许契约negotiation 谈判signature 签署ratification 批准accession 加入entry into force 生效reservations to treaties 条约的保留the bilateral treat 双边条约the mullateral treaty 多边条约explicity forbid 明令禁止pacta sunt sevenda 条约必须信守原则non-retroactivity 不溯及既往原则territorial application 领土全境适用原则the amendment and mosification of treaties 条约的修正与修改treaty interpretation 条约的解释preamble and annexes 序言和附件invalidity of treaties 条约的无效fraud and corruption 欺诈和贿赂coercion 胁迫termination of treaties 条约的中止material breach 实质性违反peaceful settlement of disputes 和平解决争端air law and space law 航空法与空间法territorial airspace 领空the privilege to fly across the territory of another contracting state without landing 不降停飞跃另一缔约国领土的权利the privilege to land for non-traffic purposes 在另一缔约国做非商业性降停的权利upper limits for liability 最高责任上限aviation security 航空安全unauthorized aerial intrusion 未经授权进入他国领空的行为the law of outer space 外层空间法the law of the sea 海洋法the doctrine of freedom of the seas 公海自由理论baselines 基线internal waters 内水bays 海湾archipelago 群岛archipelagic waters 群岛水域rights of innocent passage 无害通过权international straits 国际海峡the contiguous zone 毗连区the exclusive economic zone(EEZ)专属经济区the continental shelf 大陆架the high seas 公海flag of convenience 方便旗hot pursit 紧追权seaworthiness 适航性environmental protection 环境法the balance of nature 自然平衡ozene depletion 臭氧层破坏acid rain 酸雨global warming 全球变暖human rights 人权法specialized international agreement 专门领域的国际公约the right to life生存权freedom from torture,inhuman or degradingtreatment and punishment不受酷刑、非人道或有辱人格的待遇和惩罚freedom from slavery and forced labor 免受奴隶贸易和被迫劳动the right of justice 接受公正审判的权利respect for privacy and family life 对隐私和家庭生活的尊重ill-treatment虐待peaceful settlement of disputes 争端和平解决negotiation谈判good offices斡旋mediation调停inquiry调查conciliation 调解arbitration 仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决ad hoc judge 专案法官non-appesrance 缺席advisory opinions 咨询意见the use of force 使用武力retorsion反报retaliation报复reprisals 报复self-defense自卫self-determination 自决humanitarian intervention 非人道干预civil conflicts国内冲突international organizations国际组织the league of nations 国联the United Nations 联合国GA TT and WTO关贸总协定和世贸组织EU欧盟OAS美洲国家组织ASEAN 东盟the Arab League阿拉伯国家联盟。
国际公法英文名解汇总纲目版
国际公法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际法导论International law 国际法Jus civile 市民法Jus gentium 万民法Jus inter gentes = law of nations 万国法/万国公法Positive morality 实在道德International comity 国际礼让Treaty on European Union = Treaty of Maastricht 《欧洲联盟条约》/《马斯特里赫特条约》Naturalists 自然法学派Solidarists 社会连带法学派Normativists 规范法学派Positivists 实在法学派Sources of law = sources du droit = fontes juris 法律渊源Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论第二章国际法基本原则Jus cogens 强行法/强制法/绝对法Sovereignty 主权The Right of People to Self-determination 民族自决权第三章国际法主体Single State 单一国Federation 联邦Confederation 邦联Protected State 被保护国Permanent Ueutralized State 永久中立国Fundamental Right 基本权利Secondary Rights 派生权利Right of Independence 独立权Right of Equality 平等权Right of Self-preservation 自保权Right of Jurisdiction 国家管辖权Territorial Jurisdiction 属地管辖权/属地优越权Personal Jurisdiction = nationality jurisdiction = active personality principle 属人管辖权/国籍管辖/积极国籍管辖Protective Jurisdiction = passive personality principle 保护性管辖权/消极国籍管辖Universal Jurisdiction 普遍性管辖权Judicial immunities 外国国家的司法豁免权Recognition 国际法上的承认Effective control 有效统治Succession 国际法上的继承第四章国际法上的居民Nationality 国籍Inhabitant 居民Original nationality 原始国籍/出生国籍Jus sanguinis 血统主义Jus soli 出生地主义Acquired nationality 因加入而取得国籍Naturalization 入籍/归化Release 放弃（国籍）Deprive 剥夺（国籍）Dual nationality 双重国籍Active conflicts 国籍的积极抵触Stateless person 无国籍人Passive conflicts 国籍的消极抵触Alien 外国人Deportation 驱逐出境National treatment = doctrine of equality of treatment = NT 国民待遇/平等待遇原则International standard of treatment “文明世界”的“国际标准”/“最低标准”Most favorable national treatment = MFNT 最惠国待遇Differential treatment 差别待遇Extradition 引渡Principle of Non-extradition of Political Offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Attentat clause = Assassination Clause 行刺条款/比利时行刺条款/暗杀条款Principle of identity 相同原则/罪名同一原则/双重犯罪原则Principle of speciality 罪行特定原则/罪名专用原则或专一原则Asylum 庇护Territorial asylum 领域庇护/域内庇护Extra-territorial asylum 域外庇护Refugee 难民Nansen passport 南森护照Convention refugees 公约难民Mandate refugees 章程难民Principle of non-refoulement 不推回原则/禁止驱逐、送还原则Diplomatic protection 外交保护Doctrine of continuous nationality 国籍连续原则Exhaustion of local remedies 用尽国内救济原则Calvo clause 卡尔沃条款Calvo doctrine 卡尔沃主义第五章国家法律责任International responsibility 国际法律责任/国际责任Primary rules 确定合法、非法的行为规则/是非规则/首要规则Secondary rules 国际法律责任规则/一般法律责任规则/责任规则/次级规则Distress 危难Necessity 危急情况Restitution 恢复原状Reparation 广义赔偿Compensation 狭义赔偿/经济赔偿Satisfaction 抵偿第六章领土法Land territory 领陆Territory W aters 领水Air space 领空Subsoil beneath state territory 底土Enclave 飞地Ownership 所有权Domination 统治权Condominium 共管Leased territory 租借International servitude 国际地役Internal waters 内水Internal rivers 内河Boundary rivers 界河Non-national rivers 多国河流International rivers 国际河流Inter-oceanic canals 通洋运河Occupation 先占/占领Vacant land 无主地Effective occupation 有效占领Prescription 时效Accretion 添附Cession 割让Conquest 征服Plebiscite 全民投票/全民公决Self-determination of peoples 民族自决The exchange of territory 交换领土Reversionary rights 收复失地Boundaries of state territory 国家边界第七章国际海洋法The common heritage of mankind 人类共同继承财产The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Base line 基线Normal baseline 正常基线Straight baseline 直线基线Archipelagic baseline 群岛基线Innocent passage 无害通过Contiguous zone 毗连区/邻接区/海上特别区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区Continental shelf 大陆架High seas 公海Flag of convenience 方便旗Right of visit 登临权/临检权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权Straits used for international navigation 用于国际航行的海峡Transit passage 过境通行Archipelagic waters 群岛水域Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage 群岛海道通过权International sea-bed area 国际海底区域Single exploitation system 单一开发制Parallel exploitation system 平行开发制第八章国际航空法Air defence identification zone = ADIZ 防空识别区/空中识别区Cabotage 国内载运权The International Civil Aviation Organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织Dol = wilful misconduct （承运人的）加害行为/故意造成损害的不法行为/故意的行为/不在乎地不顾后果的行为Two tier liability “双梯度”责任制度/两级责任制Aut dedere aut judicare 或引渡或起诉原则Aut dedere aut punier 或引渡或处罚第九章外层空间法Outer space 外层空间第十章国际环境法Sustainable development 可持续发展Pollution from vessels 船舶污染Pollution by dumping 控制海洋倾倒Pollution from land-based sources 陆源污染第十一章外交关系法Consular provision 委任文凭Consular exequatur 领事证书第十三章国际条约法The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties《维也纳条约法公约》Treaty 条约Convention 公约Convention 专约Agreement 协定Protocol 议定书Final act 最后议定书/蒇事议定书Covenant 盟约Charter 宪章Statute 规约Exchange of Notes 换文Declaration 宣言Joint statement 联合声明Bilateral treaty 双边条约Multilateral treaty 多边条约Negotiation （条约）谈判Full power 全权证书Adoption 议定Authentication 认证Signature 签署Ratification 批准Accession 加入Reservation 保留Registration 登记Publication 公布Pacta sunt servanda 条约必须遵守原则Pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt 约定对第三者既无损，也无益Termination 条约的终止Invalidation 条约的失效Suspension 条约的暂停施行/条约的中止/条约的停止施行Interpretation 条约的解释Revision 条约的修订Amendment 条约的修正Modification 条约的修改第十四章国际组织法International organization 国际组织Inter-governmental organization 政府间组织International institutional law 国际组织法Concert of Europe 欧洲协商Non-governmental organization 非政府间国际组织Organization of petroleum exporting countries = OPEC 石油输出机构/石油输出国组织Organization for economic cooperation and development = OECD 经济协力开发机构/经济合作与发展组织/经合组织General Assembly 联合国大会Security Council 安全理事会/安理会Economic and Social Council 经济与社会理事会/经社理事会Trusteeship Council 托管理事会International Court of Justice 国际法院Secretariat 秘书处Specialized International Organization 专门性国际组织Specialized Agencies 联合国专门机构International telecommunication union = ITU 国际电信联盟Universal postal union = UPU 万国邮政联盟W orld meteorological organization = WMO 世界气象组织W orld health organization = WHO 世界卫生组织International labour organization = ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations = FAO 联合国粮食及农业组织/联合国粮农组织United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization = UNESCO 联合国教科文组织International monetary fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织International bank for reconstruction and development = IBRD 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行International civil aviation organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织International finance corporation = IFC 国际金融公司International maritime organization = IMO 国际海事组织International development association = IDA 国际开发协会W orld intellectual property organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织International fund of agricultural development = IFAD 国际农业发展基金（组织）United Nations Industrial Development Organization = UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织W orld trade organization = WTO 世界贸易组织International atomic energy agency = IAEA 国际原子能机构Collective security 集体安全保障Peace-keeping operations = PKO 联合国维持和平行动Regional organization 区域性国际组织Organization of American States = OAS美洲国家组织Arab League = League of Arab States = AL = LAS 阿拉伯国家联盟/阿拉伯联盟/阿盟African union = AU 非洲联盟/非盟Organization of African Unity = OAU 非洲统一组织/非统组织Association of Southeast Asian Nations = ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟/东盟European community = EC 欧洲共同体ECSC 欧洲煤钢共同体EUBATOM 欧洲原子能共同体EEC 欧洲经济共同体European union = EU 欧洲联盟Shanghai Cooperation Organization =SCO上海合作组织/上合组织Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation organization = APEC 亚太经合组织第十五章国际人权法Human Rights 人权The responsibility to protect 保护的责任The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 《世界人权宣言》The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》The International Covenant onEconomic,Social and Cultural Rights 《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》第十六章国际刑法International criminal law 国际刑法International crimes 国际犯罪The direct enforcement model 直接执行模式The indirect enforcement model 间接执行模式International penal judicial assistance 国际刑事司法协助Extradition 引渡Principle of non-extradition of political offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Assassination Clause = Attentat clause 行刺条款/暗杀条款/比利时行刺条款Transfer jurisdiction of criminal procedure 刑事诉讼移管/刑事诉讼移转管辖Recognition and enforcement of foreign penal judgements 外国刑事判决的承认和执行International criminal jurisdiction 国际刑事管辖第十七章国际争端法International disputes 国际争端Legal disputes = justiciable disputes 法律性质的争端/可裁判的争端Political disputes = Non-justiciable disputes 政治性质的争端/不可裁判的争端Compulsive means 强制方法Negotiation 谈判Consultation 协商Good office 斡旋Mediation 调停International inquiry 国际调查/调查Conciliation 和解/调解Bryan peace treaties 《布赖恩和平条约》/冷却条约International arbitration 国际仲裁/国际公断Jay treaty 杰伊条约Permanent court of arbitration 常设仲裁法院Judicial settlement 司法解决The permanent court of international justice 常设国际法院International court of justice 国际法院Contentious jurisdiction 诉讼管辖权Optional compulsory jurisdiction 任意强制管辖Connally reservation 康纳利保留条款Advisory jurisdiction 咨询管辖权Regional agency = Regional arrangement 区域机关/区域办法第十八章战争法Law of war 战争法Law of armed conflict 武装冲突法Animo belligerendi 交战意向Jus ad bellum 诉诸战争权Suspension of arms 停战Surrender 投降International humanitarian law 国际人道法Crimes against humanity 违反人道罪W ar time neutrality 战时中立W ar neutrality law 战时中立法Permanent neutralized state 永久中立国/中立化国家W ar crimes 战争犯罪。
国际法英文单词
绪论INTRODUCTION：NATURES OF INTERNATIONAL LAWPublic International law国际公法Universal// general// special international law 普遍/一般/特殊国际法International custom国际习惯General principles of law一般法律原则Bentham边沁International Law Commission（联合国）国际法委员会The basis of internationl law and theories thereto国际法的效力根据与学派Oppenheim奥本海Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质Jus gentium 万民法Writings of publicists 公法学家学说International comity 国际礼让Effects of IL 国际法的效力Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用Monism 一元论Dualism or pluralism 二元论adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则）国际法上的国家STATES IN INTERNATIONAL LAWPermanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Sovereignty 主权Unitary state 单一国Composite states//union of states 复合国//国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vatican City State 梵蒂冈市国Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected//protecting state FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATESNational fundamental rights 国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defence 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence?属地管辖Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认States succession 国家继承Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体Belligerent body 交战团体Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive//non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产State debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务State archives 国家档案The principle of non-recognition不承认原则国际争端法PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTESthe principle of peaceful settlement of international disputesPolitical methods //legal methods of settlementsregional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法International Court of Justice国际法院Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖retortion 反报reprisals 报复negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry//investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解//调解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院pacific blockade 平时封锁dispute-settlement mechanisms of…justiciable//non-justiciable disputeamicable//compulsive settlement和谐//强迫解决方法Institution of proceedings起诉written//oral proceedings书面//口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状reply 答辩 a third party 第三方国际条约法THE LAW OF TREATIESconclusion and entry into force of treatiespacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidity of treaties条约的无效convention公//专约treaty条约agreement 协定charter 宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约(general//final) act (总//最后)文件(additional//final )protocol(附加//最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文negotiation 谈判initiating草签(full) signature 签署accession 加入sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权treaty-making right 缔约权利full power 全权证书reservation 保留amendment/modification修正/改memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration//statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织宪章arrangement 补充协定authentication 认证provisional application 暂时适用constitutionalism 宪法主义学派internationalism 国际主义学派material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更国际组织法administrational union（国际行政联盟）League of Nations（国际联盟）United Nations FamilyOriginal/elective memberUnited Nations CharterRegional International OrganizationsSpecialized Agencies(联合国专门机构）Privileges and Immunities of…International Economic Organizations and their institutionsThe Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制）The UN Peace-keeping Operations（联合国维和行动）European Unionthe principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则primary responsibility 主要责任the forum of the world世界论坛organ of action行动的机关provisional measures 临时办法call upon 促请preventive diplomacy 预防性外交the proportionality rule相称性原则humanitarian intervention人道主义干预protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护；避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利WelcomeTo Download!!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。
专业英语资料(国际法)
1.Article 38 of the Statute of the international Court of Justice states:1.The court,whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it,shall apply:(a)international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognised by the contesting States;(b)international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;(c)the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations;(d)subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.1.法院对于陈诉各项争端，应依国际法裁判之，裁判时应适用：（a）不论普通或特别国际协约，确立诉讼当事国明白承认之规条者。
（b）国际习惯，作为通例之证明而经接受为法律者。
（c）一般法律原则为文明各国所承认者。
（d）在第五十九条规定之下，司法判例及各国权威最高之公法学家学说，作为确定法律原则之补助资料者。
国际法
The main functions and powers
Jurisdiction consulting jurisdiction
The main function
The international court of law submitted to countries dispute according to the charter of the United Nations and the relevant treaties and conventions make decision, or to other UN agencies of the legal issues put forward advice.
Members of the Court
The security council's five permanent members of the council, the United States, Britain, China, France and Russia must each accounted for a quota. The judge does not represent any country. Their terms for nine years, every 3 years replace one-third. Dean term 3 years. The judge and dean all may be reelected consecutively.
The international court is civil court, only accepts the sovereignty disputes between countries, it has no criminal jurisdiction, can't judge people.
国际法复习资料
国际法Chapt er 1 Intr oductionNam e of Int ernational Law 国际法的名称Jus gentium万民法the law of nations 万国法Int ernational law 国际法public int ernatio nal law 国际公共法the natur e of int ernatio nal law 国际法的性质Feat ur es of int ernational law 国际法的特征1. Subject s. 主体St at es ar e t he m os t impo rtant subject s 国家是最重要的主体2. Sour ces. 渊源It s m ain sour ces ar e agr eem ent s am ong s t at es. 最主要的渊源是国际条约3. Object s. 对象It is m ainly concerned with governing t he r elations between, and t he conduct of ,s t at es. 主要涉及国家之间的关系4. The enfo r cem ent of int e rnatio nal law. 国际法的执行Int ernatio nal law is enfo r ced t hrough the Unit ed Nations and t he Int ernational Court Jus t ice. The r ole o f self-help, eit her thr ough diplo m atic m eans o r t he use of arm ed fo r ce in self-defence, should no t be under es tim ated. 国际法是执行通过联合国和国际法院的法官。
专业英语资料（国际法）
专业英语资料（国际法）1.Article 38 of the Statute of the international Court of Justice states:1.The court,whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it,shall apply:(a)international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognised by the contesting States;(b)international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;(c)the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations;(d)subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.1.法院对于陈诉各项争端，应依国际法裁判之，裁判时应适用：（a）不论普通或特别国际协约，确立诉讼当事国明白承认之规条者。
（b）国际习惯，作为通例之证明而经接受为法律者。
（c）一般法律原则为文明各国所承认者。
（d）在第五十九条规定之下，司法判例及各国权威最高之公法学家学说，作为确定法律原则之补助资料者。
国际法和法系(英语)
国际法和法系1.International Law is the body of rules and norms that regulates activities carried on outside the legal boundaries of states.国际法是管理那些在法定国界外发生的事件的法律和基准的部分。
2、Many important areas of English law, such as contract, tort, crime, land law and constitutional law , have their origins in common law. Some of the earliest common law rules still survive, though many have been supplemented or supplanted by statute. Common law rules are still being made today, though as a source of new legal rules common law is less important than statute.英美法系的很多领域，例如契约法，侵权行为法，刑法，土地法和宪法，他们起源于习惯法。
一些早期的习惯法仍然存在。
尽管很多已经成为成文法的补充成分或被替代掉。
习惯法依旧在今天被使用，尽管是作为新的法规的来源。
习惯法没有成文法重要。
3、The American legal system features a complexity resulting from American federalism. Within the federal structure, each state retains a substantial degree of autonomy. Each has its own constitution, statutes made by its own legislature, and a body of case law created by its own courts. So it can be said that instead of one uniform set of laws America has fifty one a set of laws for each of the fifty states and one for the federation.由于美国联邦制，美国法律体系有复杂性的特征。
1国际法概述
1.The Conception of International Law
2.Historical Development of Modern International Law
3.The Source of International Law
4.The relationship between international law and municipal law
c、第一次世界大战后，出现了新自然法学派，这 一学派的主要特点是把某种价值观或法律观奉为 国际法的效力根据。主要有：
社会连带法学派(Solidarists) ，代表人物有法 国的狄骥和美国的庞德 。他们认为法律的根据
在于社会连带关系。国际法效力的根据是“各民 族的法律良知”。
规范法学派(Normativists) ，代表人物有美籍 奥地利法学家凯尔逊 。他们认为整个法律体系
Modern definition: Contemporary international law, although still considered to be principally the law governing relations between states, is no longer deemed to be exclusively limited to those relations. It has a wide reach and is more properly defined as law that deals "with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se, as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether' natural or juridical."
国际法双语
国际公法Public International Law推荐书目：1.《国际法》(第四版)：邵津主编，北京大学出版社、高等教育出版社.2.《条约法概论》(第2版)::李浩培著，法律出版社.3.《奥本海国际法》(第9版)::奥本海著，詹宁斯、瓦茨修订，王铁崖译.The knowledge system of the international law国际法的知识体系1.states in international law（国际法上国家）2.population in international law（国际法上的个人）3.state territory（国家领土）4.the law of the sea（国际海洋法）5.air law（国际航空法）————不讲6.outer space law（外层空间法）7.international environment law（国际环境法）8.the United Nations,regional international organizations（联合国和区域性国际组织）9.diplomatic and consular immunities, immunities of international organizations（外交和领事豁免、国际组织的豁免）10.international protection of human rights(人权的国际保护)11.the law of treaties（条约法）12.state responsibility（国家责任）13.peaceful settlement of international disputes（国际争端的和平解决）14.the collective security system（集体安全保障制度）15.arms control and disarmament（军备控制和裁军）————不讲16.the law of armed conflict（武装冲突法）Chapter1:General Introduction一、国际法的概念the concept of international law我们可以从广义和狭义两个角度来把握，法是调整社会关系的规范，那么广义的国际法就是调整各种国际关系的规范的总称。
常用国际法词汇
常用国际法词汇Jus gentium 万民法Law of nations 万国法Public International law国际公法Oppenheim奥本海Hugo Grotius胡果·格劳秀斯Universal// general// special international law普遍/一般/特殊国际法Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质International comity 国际礼让codification of international law国际法的编纂International Law Commission（the ILC）（联合国）国际法委员会Effects of IL 国际法的效力The basis of international law 国际法的效力根据Naturalists 自然法学派Positivists 实在法学派Gratians 格老秀斯派（Compromise school“折中”学派）social solidarity school社会连带法学派normalism 规范法学派theory of power politics权力政治说theory of policy-oriented政策定向说Congress of Westphalia 威斯特伐利亚公会Martin 丁韪良sources of international law国际法的渊源International custom国际习惯material element “物质因素”psychological element “心理因素”general practice通例Usage惯例opinio juris “法律确信”resolutions of international organizations国际组织的决议General principles of law一般法律原则judicial decisions 司法判例The teachings//writings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic// municipal law国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则）国际法的基本原则Fundamental principles of international law jus cogens强行法，亦称强制规律peremptory normSovereignty主权Principle of sovereign equality主权平等原则principle of non-intervention不干内政原则internal affairs内政matters within domestic jurisdiction国内管辖之事件"Humanitarian" intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination民族自决原则The subjects of international law国际法主体International personality国际人格者Permanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states//union of states复合国//国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected//protecting stateFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence领域管辖/属地管辖Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium拉丁语，“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则 RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认 States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则doctrine of non- recognition不承认主义，如，史汀生主义（the Stimson doctrine ）Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义——墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive//non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产 State debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务malicious debt “恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任 responsibility in international law Internationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes国际罪行subjective responsibility主观责任说objective responsibility客观责任说Imputability//attributability可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignty限制主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terra nullius无主地Effective occupation有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cession割让Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票，又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples民族自决condominium 共管 lease租借Sphere of influence势力范围International servitude国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The law of the sea 海洋法The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Territorial sea领海Normal baseline正常基线，亦称“低潮线”the low water line Straight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（EEZ ）Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage过境通行International straits国际海峡Transit passage过境通行Archipelagic waters群岛水域Archipelagic baselines群岛基线freedom of the high seas公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy海盗，海盗行为Right of visit登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabed Authority 国际海底管理局International air law国际航空法Air space空气空间Sovereignty of territorial airspace 领空主权State aircraft国家航空器Civil aircraft民用航空器Scheduled flight定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空Spacecraft航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system登记制度The principle of strict liability严格责任原则The principle of liability fault过失责任原则Residents of international law国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Original nationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis血统主义Jus soli出生地主义Acquired nationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍，旧称归化Double nationality双重国籍Conflict of nationality国籍的抵触//冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomatic protection外交保护Exhaustion of local remendies用尽当地救济Passport护照 Visa签证National treatment国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferential treatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extradition of political offender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Political refuge政治避难Territorial asylum域内庇护，亦称“领土庇护”Extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity难民身份Principle of non-refoulement不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul领事Consular relations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆The head of the mission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister 公使chargé d'affaires （法）代办Persona non grata （拉）“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation代表说Theory of functional necessity职务需要说Diplomatic Corps外交团Special Missions特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities领事特权与豁免THE LAW OF TREATIES国际条约法Bilateral treaties双边条约Multilateral treaties多边条约Law-making treaty造法性条约Contractual treaty契约性条约convention公//专约 treaty条约agreement 协定 charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约(general//final) act (总//最后)文件(additional//final )protocol(附加//最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration//statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into force of treaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判 initiating草签authentication 认证(full) signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同full representative全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守（拉丁）application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidity of treaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisional application 暂时适用material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes justiciable//non-justiciable dispute可裁判的//不可裁判的争端amicable//compulsive settlement和谐//强迫解决方法Political methods //legal methods of settlements政治//法律解决方法retortion 反报 reprisals 报复pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry//investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International Court of Justice国际法院Independent judges独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官”或“特别法官”（special judge）Contentious jurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings起诉written//oral proceedings书面//口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations（国际联盟）United Nations（UN ）联合国The purposes and principles of the United Nations联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member创始/纳入成员Decision-making //voting system 决策//表决制度United Nations Charter联合国宪章the General Assembly联合国大会the Security Council安全理事会Veto否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则Economic and Social Council经社理事会Trusteeship Council托管理事会Secretariat秘书处Secretary-General联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构）The Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制）The UN Peace-keeping Operations（联合国维和行动）复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）常见名词：⏹属地管辖权国际法不加禁止行为属人管辖权⏹无害通过引渡庇护过境通行⏹全权证书造法性条约草签⏹添附继有国籍人类共同继承财产⏹否决权斡旋安理会国际法院⏹登临权紧追权平行开发制⏹协定管辖任意强制管辖复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）⏹思考题：⏹论国际法与国内法之间的关系。
【精品】国际法条文英文版
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.【关键字】精品INTERNATIONAL LAWPART I ............................................................................................................................ 1 PART II ........................................................................................................................... 2 PART III ......................................................................................................................... 8 PART IV ....................................................................................................................... 11 PART V ........................................................................................................................ 14 PART VI ....................................................................................................................... 20 PART VII ...................................................................................................................... 23 PART VIII ..................................................................................................................... 30 PART IX ....................................................................................................................... 30 PART X ........................................................................................................................ 31 PART XI ....................................................................................................................... 32 PART XII ...................................................................................................................... 54 PART XIII ..................................................................................................................... 65 PART XIV .................................................................................................................... 71 PART XV ..................................................................................................................... 74 PART XVI .................................................................................................................... 79 PART XVII ................................................................................................................... 80 FINAL PROVISIONS . (80)PART IINTRODUCTIONArticle 1Use of terms and scope1. For the purposes of this Convention:(1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;(2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority;(3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;(4) "pollution of the marine environment" means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities; (5) (a) "dumping" means:(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;(ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;(b) "dumping" does not include:(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidental to, or derived from the normal operations of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea and their equipment, other than wastes or other matter transported by or to vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea, operating for the purpose of disposal of such matter or derived from the treatment of such wastes or other matter on such vessels, aircraft, platforms or structures;(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than the mere disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims of this Convention.2. (1) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.(2) This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), which become Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent "States Parties" refers to those entities.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.PART IITERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONESECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle2Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea.2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.3. The sovereignty over the territorial sea is exercised subject to this Convention and to other rules of international law.SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEAArticle3Breadth of the territorial seaEvery State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.Article4Outer limit of the territorial seaThe outer limit of the territorial sea is the line every point of which is at a distance from the nearest point of the baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.Article5 Normal baselineExcept where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normalbaseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article6 ReefsIn the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is theseaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article7 Straight baselines1. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.2. Where because of the presence of a delta and other naturalconditions the coastline is highly unstable, the appropriate points may be selected along the furthest seaward extent of the low-water line and, notwithstanding subsequent regression of the low-water line, the straight baselines shall remain effective until changed by the coastal State in accordance with this Convention.3. The drawing of straight baselines must not depart to any appreciable extent from the general direction of the coast, and the sea areas lying within the lines must be sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters.4. Straight baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them or except in instances where the drawing of baselines to and from such elevations has received general international recognition.5. Where the method of straight baselines is applicable under paragraph 1, account may be taken, in determining particular baselines, ofeconomic interests peculiar to the region concerned, the reality and the importance of which are clearly evidenced by long usage.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.6. The system of straight baselines may not be applied by a State in such a manner as to cut off the territorial sea of another State from the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.Article8 Internal waters1. Except as provided in Part IV, waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the State.2. Where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosing as internal waters areas which had not previously been considered as such, a right of innocent passage as provided in this Convention shall exist in those waters.Article9 Mouths of riversIf a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-water line of its banks.Article10 Bays1. This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State.2. For the purposes of this Convention, a bay is a well-markedindentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth as to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast. An indentation shall not, however, be regarded as a bay unless its area is as large as, or larger than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation.3. For the purpose of measurement, the area of an indentation is that lying between the low-water mark around the shore of the indentation and a line joining the low-water mark of its natural entrance points. Where, because of the presence of islands, an indentation has more than one mouth, the semi-circle shall be drawn on a line as long asthe sum total of the lengths of the lines across the different mouths.Islands within an indentation shall be included as if they were part of the water area of the indentation.4. If the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay does not exceed 24 nautical miles, a closing line may be drawn between these two low-water marks, and the waters enclosed thereby shall be considered as internal waters.5. Where the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay exceeds 24 nautical miles, a straight baseline of 24 nautical miles shall be drawn within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length.6. The foregoing provisions do not apply to so-called "historic" bays, or in any case where the system of straight baselines provided for in article 7 is applied.Article11 PortsFor the purpose of delimiting the territorial sea, the outermostpermanent harbour works which form an integral part of the harbour system are regarded as forming part of the coast. Off-shore installations and artificial islands shall not be considered as permanent harbour works.Article12 RoadsteadsRoadsteads which are normally used for the loading, unloading and anchoring of ships, and which would otherwise be situated wholly or partly outside the outer limit of the territorial sea, are included in the territorial sea.Article13 Low-tide elevations1. A low-tide elevation is a naturally formed area of land which issurrounded by and above water at low tide but submerged at high tide. Where a low-tide elevation is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.island, the low-water line on that elevation may be used as the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea.2. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distanceexceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it has no territorial sea of its own.Article14Combination of methods for determining baselinesThe coastal State may determine baselines in turn by any of the methods provided for in the foregoing articles to suit different conditions.Article15Delimitation of the territorial sea between Stateswith opposite or adjacent coastsWhere the coasts of two States are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two States is measured. The above provision does not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other specialcircumstances to delimit the territorial seas of the two States in a way which is at variance therewith.Article16Charts and lists of geographical coordinates1. The baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea determined in accordance with articles 7, 9 and 10, or the limitsderived therefrom, and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance with articles 12 and 15 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position. Alternatively, a list ofgeographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted.2. The coastal State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEASUBSECTION A. RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL SHIPSArticle17Right of innocent passageSubject to this Convention, ships of all States, whether coastal orland-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.Article18 Meaning of passage1. Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose of:(a) traversing that sea without entering internal waters or calling at a roadstead or port facility outside internal waters; or(b) proceeding to or from internal waters or a call at such roadstead or port facility.2. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. However, passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, ships or aircraft in danger or distress.Article19Meaning of innocent passage1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law.2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities:(a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty,文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.territorial integrity or political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations;(b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind; (c) any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence or security of the coastal State;(d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defence or security of the coastal State;(e) the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft;(f) the launching, landing or taking on board of any military device;(g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State; (h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary to this Convention;(i) any fishing activities;(j) the carrying out of research or survey activities; (k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems ofcommunication or any other facilities or installations of the coastal State;(l) any other activity not having a direct bearing on passage.Article20Submarines and other underwater vehiclesIn the territorial sea, submarines and other underwater vehicles are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag.Article21Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage 1. The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law, relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following:(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic;(b) the protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or installations;(c) the protection of cables and pipelines;(d) the conservation of the living resources of the sea; (e) the prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal State;(f) the preservation of the environment of the coastal State and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution thereof;(g) marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys; (h) the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State.2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.Article22Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.1. The coastal State may, where necessary having regard to the safety of navigation, require foreign ships exercising the right ofinnocent passage through its territorial sea to use such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as it may designate or prescribe for the regulation of the passage of ships.2. In particular, tankers, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances ormaterials may be required to confine their passage to such sea lanes. 3. In the designation of sea lanes and the prescription of trafficseparation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into account:(a) the recommendations of the competent international organization;(b) any channels customarily used for international navigation;(c) the special characteristics of particular ships and channels; and(d) the density of traffic.4. The coastal State shall clearly indicate such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall be given.Article23Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substancesForeign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, carrydocuments and observe special precautionary measures established for such ships by international agreements.Article24Duties of the coastal State1. The coastal State shall not hamper the innocent passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea except in accordance with thisConvention. In particular, in the application of this Convention or of any laws or regulations adopted in conformity with this Convention, the coastal State shall not:(a) impose requirements on foreign ships which have the practical effect of denying or impairing the right of innocent passage; or(b) discriminate in form or in fact against the ships of any State or against ships carrying cargoes to, from or on behalf of any State.2. The coastal State shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation, of which it has knowledge, within its territorial sea.Article25Rights of protection of the coastal State1. The coastal State may take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage which is not innocent.2. In the case of ships proceeding to internal waters or a call at a port facility outside internal waters, the coastal State also has the right to take the necessary steps to prevent any breach of the conditions to which admission of those ships to internal waters or such a call is subject.3. The coastal State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.Article26Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships1. No charge may be levied upon foreign ships by reason only of their passage through the territorial sea.2. Charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through theterritorial sea as payment only for specific services rendered to the ship. These charges shall be levied without discrimination.SUBSECTION B. RULES APPLICABLE TO文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.MERCHANT SHIPS AND GOVERNMENT SHIPS OPERATED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle27Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship1. The criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not beexercised on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage, save only in the following cases:(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State;(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the good order of the territorial sea; (c) if the assistance of the local authorities has been requested by the master of the ship or by a diplomatic agent or consular officer of the flag State; or(d) if such measures are necessary for the suppression of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.2. The above provisions do not affect the right of the coastal State to take any steps authorized by its laws for the purpose of an arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.3. In the cases provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2, the coastal State shall, if the master so requests, notify a diplomatic agent or consular officer of the flag State before taking any steps, and shall facilitate contact between such agent or officer and the ship's crew. In cases of emergency this notification may be communicated while the measures are being taken.4. In considering whether or in what manner an arrest should be made, the local authorities shall have due regard to the interests of navigation.5. Except as provided in Part XII or with respect to violations of laws and regulations adopted in accordance with Part V, the coastal State may not take any steps on board a foreign ship passing through theterritorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship entered theterritorial sea, if the ship, proceeding from a foreign port, is only passing through the territorial sea without entering internal waters.Article28Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships1. The coastal State should not stop or divert a foreign ship passingthrough the territorial sea for the purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board the ship.2. The coastal State may not levy execution against or arrest the ship for the purpose of any civil proceedings, save only in respect of obligations or liabilities assumed or incurred by the ship itself in the course or for the purpose of its voyage through the waters of the coastal State.3. Paragraph 2 is without prejudice to the right of the coastal State, in accordance with its laws, to levy execution against or to arrest, for the purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship lying in the territorial sea, or passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.SUBSECTION C. RULES APPLICABLE TO WARSHIPS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT SHIPS OPERATED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle29 Definition of warshipsFor the purposes of this Convention, "warship" means a ship belonging to the armed forces of a State bearing the external marks distinguishing such ships of its nationality, under the command of an officer dulycommissioned by the government of the State and whose name appears in the appropriate service list or its equivalent, and manned by a crew which is under regular armed forces discipline.Article30Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulationsof the coastal State文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.If any warship does not comply with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea and disregards any request for compliance therewith which is made to it, the coastal State may require it to leave the territorial sea immediately.Article31Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes The flag State shall bear international responsibility for any loss or damage to the coastal State resulting from the non-compliance by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes with the laws and regulations of the coastal Stateconcerning passage through the territorial sea or with the provisions of this Convention or other rules of international law.Article32Immunities of warships and other government shipsoperated for non-commercial purposesWith such exceptions as are contained in subsection A and in articles 30 and 31, nothing in this Convention affects the immunities ofwarships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes.SECTION 4. CONTIGUOUS ZONEArticle33 Contiguous zone1. In a zone contiguous to its territorial sea, described as the contiguous zone, the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to:(a) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea;(b) punish infringement of the above laws and regulationscommitted within its territory or territorial sea.2. The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.PART IIISTRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATIONSECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle34Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation 1. The regime of passage through straits used for internationalnavigation established in this Part shall not in other respects affect the legal status of the waters forming such straits or the exercise by the States bordering the straits of their sovereignty or jurisdiction over such waters and their air space, bed and subsoil.2. The sovereignty or jurisdiction of the States bordering the straits is exercised subject to this Part and to other rules of international law.Article35 Scope of this PartNothing in this Part affects:(a) any areas of internal waters within a strait, except where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosing asinternal waters areas which had not previously been considered as such;(b) the legal status of the waters beyond the territorial seas of States bordering straits as exclusive economic zones or high seas; or(c) the legal regime in straits in which passage is regulated in whole or in part by long-standing international conventions in force specifically relating to such straits.。
国际法100单词
Association of South-East Asian Nations
东南亚国家联盟
86
Negotioation
谈判
87
Full Powers
全权证书
88
Adoption
议定
89
Ratification
批准
90
Accession
加入
91
Reservation
保留
92
International Dispute
35
Extradition
引渡
36
Double Criminality Principle
双重犯罪原则
37
Asylum
庇护
38
Territorial Asylum
域内庇护
39
Extra-territorial Asylum
域外庇护
40
Refugee
难民
41
International Political Refugee
国际争端
93
Conciliation
协商
94
Good Offices
斡旋
95
Mediation
调停
96
International Arbitration
国际仲裁
97
International Human Rights Law
国际人权法
98
International invironment Law
国际环境法
最惠国待遇
30
passport
护照
31
Consular Jurisdiction
International Law(国际法1)
Gao Lin
1
Brief Introduction to the International Court of Justice
• The International Court of Justice (ICJ) sits at The Hague, the Netherlands, and is comprised of fifteen judges drawn from all of the world’s major legal systems. It is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and is the statutory, successor court to the former Permanent Court of International Justice of the League of Nations.
12
Chapter 2 Application and Function of International Law
• Contemporary international law, although still considered to be principally the law governing relations between states, is no longer deemed to be exclusively limited to those relations. It has a wide reach and is more properly defined as law that deals “with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se, as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natural or juridical.”
国际法(双语)1__Introduction-2011-1
一、国际法的特征 1.1 characters of international law
Special Warning: 特别提示
However, from the practical point of view; it is
well to remember that international law is primarily a system regulating the rights and duties of states on the international platform. And States still are the basic or primary subjects of international law.----Why？
law transnational law; law of humanity International law (Bentham)英国著名哲学
家和法学家边沁
conflict of laws (国际私法，冲突法) International Law public international law（国际公法）
The subjects of international law may have the following
three features: (1) the independent capacity to take part in the international relation independently.
一、国际法的特征 1.1 characters of international law
(二)国际法的特征characters of International
国际法英文
Introduction to International LawInternational law, also known as the law of nations, is a set of rules and principles that govern the relationships and interactions between sovereign states. It encompasses various legal frameworks and treaties that aim to maintain peace, resolve disputes, and promote cooperation among nations. In this document, we will explore the key features, sources, and institutions of international law.Features of International Law1.Consent-Based: International law is based on the consent of states.States voluntarily enter into legal obligations through treaties, custom, andother agreements. They are bound by these obligations and are expected tocomply with them in good faith.2.Primarily Inter-State: International law primarily regulates theactions of states, but it also addresses the rights and responsibilities of other international actors such as international organizations, individuals, and non-state entities.3.Territoriality: International law respects the territorial integrity ofstates. Each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory, and international law governs the relations between states within their territories.4.Jurisdiction: International law encompasses principles that governthe exercise of jurisdiction by states over individuals and entities within their territories, as well as the extraterritorial application of a state’s jurisdiction in certain circumstances.Sources of International LawInternational law draws from various sources, including:1.Treaties: Treaties, also known as international agreements orconventions, are formed by states through negotiations. They establish legally binding obligations between states and are a primary source of international law. Examples include the United Nations Charter, the Geneva Conventions, and the Paris Agreement on climate change.2.Custom: Customary international law arises from the general practiceof states, viewed as legally binding. It requires consistent state practice and a belief that such practice is required as a matter of law. Customary law covers a wide range of areas, including diplomatic immunities, state responsibility, and the law of the sea.3.General Principles: General principles of law recognized by civilizednations are another source of international law. These principles includefundamental concepts such as good faith, equity, and estoppel. They are derived from the legal systems of different countries.4.Judicial Decisions and Scholarly Writings: Judicial decisions ofinternational courts and tribunals, as well as scholarly writings by legal experts, contribute to the development and interpretation of international law. While not binding sources, they are often considered persuasive in guiding theunderstanding and application of international law.International Law InstitutionsSeveral institutions play a central role in the development, implementation, and enforcement of international law. These include:1.United Nations (UN): The UN is an intergovernmental organizationthat acts as a forum for nations to discuss and address global issues. It hasvarious bodies and agencies that play a role in the development andenforcement of international law, such as the General Assembly, SecurityCouncil, and International Court of Justice.2.International Court of Justice (ICJ): The ICJ is the principal judicialorgan of the UN. It settles legal disputes between states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN organs and specialized agencies.3.International Criminal Court (ICC): The ICC is an independentinternational tribunal established to prosecute individuals for the most serious crimes of international concern, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimesagainst humanity.4.World Trade Organization (WTO): The WTO aims to promote freeand fair trade among nations. It provides a framework for negotiating andimplementing trade agreements, resolving trade disputes, and monitoring the adherence of member states to international trade rules.ConclusionInternational law plays a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability in the global community. It provides a framework for states to cooperate, resolve disputes, and address global challenges. By understanding its features, sources, and institutions, we gain insight into the workings of this dynamic field of law and its impact on the international stage.Note: The word count of this document is 486. More content needs to be added to meet the minimum requirement of 1200 words.。
国际法英文
国家主权平等原则the equality of sovereignty管辖权jurisdiction：1、领域管辖territorial jurisdiction：海陆空底范围内2、国籍管辖nationality jurisdiction：一切在国内或国外的本国人、本国船舶、本国飞行器行使管辖3、保护性管辖protective jurisdiction：指国家对于外国人在该国领域外侵害该国的国家和公民的重大利益的犯罪行为有权行使管辖。
重大犯罪、双重肯定4、普遍管辖universal jurisdiction：对于普遍地危害国际和平与安全以及全人类的利益的某些特定的国际犯罪行为，各国均有权实行管辖，不论罪行发生地和国籍为何。
侵略罪、灭绝种族罪、危害人类罪、战争罪、种族隔离罪、奴隶制及相关犯罪、酷刑罪、劫持人质罪、海盗罪、危害国际航空安全罪、毒品罪、危害环境罪等等禁止使用武力或武力威胁原则General prohibition on the use of force维也纳外交关系公约》Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations领事关系Consular Relations国书credentials外交特权与豁免privileges and immunities国际组织的决策decision-making（一）全体一致unanimity（二）多数表决1、简单多数表决simple majority voting（1）出席并参加表决的成员国过半数同意。
（2）一般只用于程序性事项。
2、特定多数表决quantified majority voting(QMV)（1）以规定的过半数以上的多数同意（2）针对重要事项或特定事项的表决（三）协商一致consensus1、一般包括以下基本内容：（1）程序：在作出决定前，当事各方必须先进行充分而广泛的协商，然后由在场参加协商的主席确定协商一致的事实。
国际法(双语)英文题库
2018-2019学年第1学期期末考试（集中）《国际法（双语）》题库（供法学院、刑事司法学院、民商经济法学院法学专业2016级选课班使用）一、Please write down the full name of these acronyms.一、请写下这些首字母缩略词的全名。
UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea“联合国海洋法公约”联合国海洋法公约ICJ International Court of Justice国际法院国际法院ILC International Law CommissionILC国际法委员会EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone专属经济区IUCN International Union for Conservation of NatureIUCN国际自然保护联盟UNCOPUOS UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space UNCOPUOS联合国和平利用外层空间委员会IGO Inter-government Organization政府间组织政府间组织NGO non - governmental organizations非政府组织非政府组织UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC联合国气候变化框架公约IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIPCC政府间气候变化专门委员会UNDP The United Nations Development Programme开发计划署联合国开发计划署WHO World Health OrganizationWHO世界卫生组织WTO World Trade OrganizationWTO世界贸易组织UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization教科文组织联合国教育，科学及文化组织二、Definition二、定义Jus cogens强制法A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of States as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same character.如果条约在缔结时与一般国际法的强制性规范相冲突，则该条约无效。
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一、关于国际法和国内法关系的材料
Monism(一元论)
The monist theory supposes that international law and national law are simply two components of a single body of knowledge called “law”. “Law” is seen as a single entity of which the “national” and “international” version are merely particular manifestations.
Dualism(二元论)
Dualism denies that international law and national law operate in the same sphere, although it does accept that they deal with the same subject matter. For dualists, international law regulates the relations between states whereas national law regulates the rights and obligations of individuals within states. International law deals with that subject matter on the international plane whereas national law deals with the subject matter on the internally.
二、关于管辖权的材料
Territorial jurisdiction
The state has power and authority over all persons, property and events occurring within its territory. This is a basic attribute of sovereignty and flows from the very existence of the state as an international legal person.
Nationality jurisdiction
It is clear that international law permits a state to exercise jurisdiction over its nationals, wherever they may be when the offence or civil wrong is committed. A national is entitled to the diplomatic protection of his or her state at all times and, as a corollary, he or she is subject to its civil and criminal jurisdiction.
Universal jurisdiction
This is a jurisdiction which exists irrespective of where the act constituting the crime takes place and the nationality of the person committing it. It is a jurisdiction which depends solely on the nature of the offence which the individual is alleged to have committed. The essence of universal jurisdiction is that any state may exercise jurisdiction over those offences which are so serious as to qualify as crimes under international law. These include genocide, torture, war crimes, piracy, crimes against humanity and, less certainly, hostage-taking and hijacking.
Protective jurisdiction
The essence of jurisdiction based on the protective principle is that a state may assert its authority over matters which produce a deleterious effect on …the state‟, irrespective of where those acts take place of by whom they are committed. National laws based on this principle are said to operate extra-territorially－that is, in respect of acts which take place wholly outside state territory. Usually they also refer to activities of non-nationals.
三、关于承认的性质的材料
Constitutive theory
The constitutive theory denies that international personality is conferred by operation of international law. On the contrary, the act of recognition is seen as a necessary precondition to the existence of the capacities of statehood or government. The practical effect of the constitutive theory is that if a …state‟ or …government‟ is not recognized by the international community, it cannot have international personality. Recognition is said to …constitute‟ the state or government.
Declaratory theory
According to the declaratory theory, the general legal effects of recognition are limited. When an existing state …recognises‟ a new state, this is said to be nothing more than an acknowledgement of pre-existing legal capacity. The act of recognition is not decisive of the new entity‟s claim to statehood, because that status is conf erred by operation of international law. The international legal personality of a state does not depend on its recognition as such by other states. It is conferred by rules of international law and, whether or not a state or government is actually recognized by other states, it is still entitled to the rights and subject to the general duties of the system.。