不定式to-do-的用法

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高考英语语法:动词不定式 to do的各种时态语态用法详解

高考英语语法:动词不定式 to do的各种时态语态用法详解

1.概述动词不定式to do是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。

动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。

它还可以有形式的变化,即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时,主动式和被动式。

同时,动词不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

2. 动词不定式的构成动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to 也可省略。

主动形式被动形式否定式一般式to do/ to be done/ not to do/ not to be done进行式to be doing/ not to be doing完成式to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (been) done完成进行式to have been doing/ not to have been doing2.1不定式的一般式to do/ to be donenot to do/ not to be done不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。

He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。

(同时发生)To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。

(赶火车发生在到站之后)2.2不定式的进行式to be doing/ not to be doing不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。

I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。

不定式to-do的作用

不定式to-do的作用

I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。

(3)表示过去未实实现的想法和愿望:I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早点来的。

We were to have been married last year. 我们本来打算去年结婚的。

4.不定式完成进行式的用法表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的动作:You seem to have been writing very long. 你好像已经写了很久了。

The battle was said to have been going on for two days. 据说战斗已经进行两天了。

5.不定式被动语态的用法不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式,往往取决于句子的意思,即意思上为主动就用主动形式,意思上为被动就用被动形式:Did it need to be done so soon? 这事需要这么快就做吗?It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正确,以后见分晓。

I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity.给了我这次机会我很高兴。

注:有关不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的内容,参见本讲义“被动语态”之内容。

句子中的作用:1. 作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

To talk with him is a great pleasure. 和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。

To remember this is very important. 记住这一点很重要。

注:为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首使用的主语位置使用形式主语it:It’s very import ant to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。

to do不定式做定语的四种情况

to do不定式做定语的四种情况

to do不定式做定语的四种情况
1. 用于表示目的:to do不定式作为定语修饰名词,表示某个动作或行为的目的。

例句:I need a pen to write the letter.(我需要一支笔来写这封信。


2. 用于表示结果:to do不定式作为定语修饰名词,表示某个动作或行为的结果。

例句:She had a lot of work to do.(她有很多工作要做。


3. 用于表示限制:to do不定式作为定语修饰名词,表示某个动作或行为的限制。

例句:There is only one hour to complete the test.(只有一个小时完成这个测试。


4. 用于表示条件:to do不定式作为定语修饰名词,表示某个动作或行为的条件。

例句:He needs a key to open the door.(他需要一把钥匙来打开门。

)。

动词to-do-与doing-的用法区别

动词to-do-与doing-的用法区别

一、接不定式(而不接动名词)1.作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事2.作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事二、动名词(不接不定式)1.作宾语的34个常用动词admit doing sth承认做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事allow doing s允许做某事appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事avoid doing st避免做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事delay doing推迟做某事deny doing sth. 否认做某事discuss doing讨论做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing喜爱做某事escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事excuse doin原谅做某事fancy doing sth. 设想做某事finish doing完成做某事给大家推荐一个英语微信群-Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法,群里都是说英语,没有半个中文,而且规则非常严格,是一个超级不错的英语学习环境,群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人,还有鬼佬和外国美眉。

to_do用法

to_do用法

动词不定式用法小结英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一. 作主语例如:To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。

To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。

To say is to believe.眼见为实。

动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。

例如上面的句子可以表示为:It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如:It’s important to plant trees in spring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。

例:It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。

It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。

二. 作表语:(在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。

从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。

)动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。

例:His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。

My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。

高考英语语法:动词不定式 to do的各种时态语态用法详解

高考英语语法:动词不定式 to do的各种时态语态用法详解

1.概述动词不定式to do是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。

动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。

它还可以有形式的变化,即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时,主动式和被动式。

同时,动词不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

2. 动词不定式的构成动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to 也可省略。

主动形式被动形式否定式一般式to do/ to be done/ not to do/ not to be done进行式to be doing/ not to be doing完成式to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (been) done完成进行式to have been doing/ not to have been doing2.1不定式的一般式to do/ to be donenot to do/ not to be done不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。

He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。

(同时发生)To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。

(赶火车发生在到站之后)2.2不定式的进行式to be doing/ not to be doing不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。

I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。

不定式to do的用法

不定式to do的用法

不定式to do的用法不定式是指由to加动词原形构成的词组,常用于作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

其中,不定式to do的用法尤为广泛,本文将从不定式to do的基本概念、用法及注意事项等方面进行探讨。

一、不定式to do的基本概念不定式to do是指由to加动词原形do构成的词组,表示“做某事”的意思。

不定式to do在句子中常作动词或动词短语的补语,也可作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

例如:- To learn English well is important for us.(学好英语对我们很重要。

)- He wants to buy a new car.(他想买一辆新车。

)- I promise to finish the work on time.(我承诺会按时完成工作。

)二、不定式to do的用法1. 作主语不定式to do可作句子的主语,表示“做某事”这一动作或行为。

例如:- To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。

)- To quit smoking is good for your health.(戒烟对你的健康有好处。

)2. 作宾语不定式to do可作及物动词的宾语,表示“做某事”这一动作或行为。

例如:- I want to visit my grandparents.(我想去看望我的祖父母。

) - She decided to study abroad.(她决定出国留学。

)3. 作表语不定式to do可作表语,表示主语的身份、职业、兴趣、爱好等。

例如:- His hobby is to play basketball.(他的爱好是打篮球。

) - My dream is to become a doctor.(我的梦想是成为一名医生。

)4. 作定语不定式to do可作定语,修饰名词或代词,表示“做某事”的目的、结果、方式等。

例如:- She bought a book to learn English.(她买了一本英语学习的书。

to-do用法

to-do用法
5. I’ve worked wiCth children before, so I know what _____ in my
new job.
A. expect B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
B
第11页,共33页。
(3)作宾语补足语 (与宾语之间的关系的练习 Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.
第9页,共33页。
1. I forgot _____ my name when I finished ____ the composition.
动词不定式(The Infinitive)
一. 动词不定式的基本构成:
由不定式符号to加动词原形构成,其否定式由not+不定式构成。 肯定式:to do sth 否定式:not to do sth. 被动式:to be done 完成式:to have done
二. 不定式的使用条件
一个句子中,已经存在谓语, 没有连词的情况下, 有别的动词出现时,
6. —Would you like ______ some bread or biscuits?
—No thanks. I don’t feel like anything now.
A. to have, eating B. to have, to eat
C. having, to eat D. having, eating
宾语

词 All you have to do is to finish it quickly.
表语
不 We found a house to live in. 定

to和to do的用法

to和to do的用法

“to”有多种不同的用法,其中最常见的是作为介词和不定式符号。

作为介词时,“to”后面通常接名词或代词宾格形式,例如:
I want to drink some water. (我想喝些水。


Tell her not to be late tomorrow. (告诉她明天不要迟到。


此外,“to”还可以与其他词语一起使用,例如:
get down to doing sth (开始认真思考,着手处理某一些事情)
look forward to doing sth (盼望做某事)
Be used to doing sth (习惯做某事)
Pay attention to doing sth (注意去做某件事情)
Stick to doing sth (坚持做某事情)
作为不定式符号时,“to”后面必须跟动词原形,例如:
I want to drink some water. (我想喝些水。

)中的“to drink”就是不定式。

总的来说,“to”和“to do”的用法需要根据具体的语境和含义来理解。

第1讲非谓语动词不定式todo的用法

第1讲非谓语动词不定式todo的用法

非谓语动词不定式非谓语动词——不定式不定式的2种形式不定式在句子中的成分say is easy and is hard.主语主语To say is easy and is hard.To see is to believe.主语’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.形式主语真正主语该类形容词有:difficult/hard/important/possible/adj. 修饰sth. j dj f b h 形式主语真正主语impossible/comfortable/necessary 等该类形容词有:adj. 修饰sb.’s +adj. of sb. to do sth.类形容有kind/nice/stupid/rude/clever/foolish/thoughtful/brave/considerate 等It ’s interesting It ’s kind of you to help To see is to believe 表语To see is to believe .对于一个老师来说最重要的事The most important thing for a 是公平地对待每个学生.The most important thing for a teacher is to treat every student equally.三. 作宾语The bird wants to find something to drink.宾语+不定式作宾语的动词有:三个希望两答应:hope, wish, want, agree, promise 两个要求未拒绝:设法学会做决定:不需假装在选择p ,,,g ,p demand, ask, fail, refuse manage, intend, learn, decide, determine 不需假装在选择:desire, pretend, choose But the bird found it hard to find water.主语+find/think +it + adj. + to do sth.形式宾语真正宾语j 宾补asks me to do exercises.主谓关系advise, allow, ask, wish ll h want, get, order, tell, teachTo make me study better, my mother asks me to do exercises.make me study (省略to 的)宾补的宾补的动词有:,y y listen to, hear)let,have)make, let, have) see, notice, observe, watch)注意:五. 作定语作定语The bird wants to find something to drink 定语The bird wants to find something to drink .I want to find a comfortable pillow to lie on.d b 目的状语To make me study better , my mother exercises.The cat is too control itself 结果状语The cat is too excitedto control itself .---Lucy had a bad cold. ---I am sorry to hear that.原因状语o e .to leave didn’t tell his 宾语when to leave and t tell his how to improve their products.宾语The man lost his way, so he didn’t know where to go.。

to-do-sth不定式用法

to-do-sth不定式用法

to-do-sth不定式⽤法动词不定式⼀、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。

动词不定式没有⼈称和数的变化。

在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的特性,可以有⾃⼰的宾语、状语等。

动词不定式同它的宾语和状语⼀起构成不定式短语。

例如:to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花to speak in the classroom 在教室⾥讲话不定式省to有四种情况:1、使役动词let, make, have等后接不定式。

例如:Let him go! The boss made the child labors work the whole night.2、would rather, had better后。

例如:You had better stay at home.3、Why…/Why not…后。

例如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday?4、感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find,notice 等后作宾语补⾜语,省to。

例如:I saw him dance.注意:这些情况在被动语态中,不可省to. 例如:The child labors were made to work the whole night.⼆、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以作句⼦的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补⾜语、定语和状语。

1、⽤作主语直接把动词不定式置于句⾸的情况不多,多数情况⽤it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。

动词不定式作主语,谓语动词⽤第三⼈称单数形式。

带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句⾸。

例如:The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.How to make requests politely is important.2、⽤作表语动词不定式作表语,常⽤在be动词及seem, appear, happen等词之后,构成系表结构。

to-do--动词不定式

to-do--动词不定式

形式 一般式 进行式
完成式
主动
to do to be doing to have done
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ被动
to be done
to have been done
1.I am glad ___to__s_e_e (see) you. 2. It is an honor for me _t_o_b__e_i_n_v_i_te_d(invite)
a software company.
8.My mum asks me _t_o__p_la_y__ (play) the piano two hours every day. 9. The teacher told me t_o__cl_e_a_n__(clean) the blackboard
【2012山东卷】
Finish the exercises about the infinitive on the exercise book.
教学反思:
1.不清楚句子结构,分辨不清谓语 与非谓语。
2.受汉语影响,某些汉语理解与 英语动词形式不一致时,出现很 多错误。如satisfied,理解为主动 意义,但其形式表示被动意义。
不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后;
使役动词 (let, have, make)后。
10. She was very busy and had no time
_t_o__v_i_si_t_(visit) her friends.
D. Dtrying doing
4. Since you find it difficult _______ a

不定式to do基本用法

不定式to do基本用法

下列结构用 to do 作主补 He is said to be a thief. Sb./Sth. be said/ believed/ known/ reported/ considered/ found to do
to do 作定语 ( n. to do) 常与被修饰词有逻辑关系 (主动代被动) I have something to eat. There is no room to live in.
to do 作定语 ( n. to do) 习惯用to do 作定语 ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 不定式表将来 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。 He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to do the job.
doing/ to do作宾语 ( v. doing/ to do) continue like/ love/ prefer; start/ begin forget/ remember/ regret mean try stop go on can’t help require/ want/ need
to do 作状语 目的状语: in order (not) to do so as (not) to do 结果状语: too… to enough to do so… as to do only to do 原因状语: I’m happy to do…
下列动词用 to do 作宾补
advise sb. to do advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on
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语法(二)不定式to do的用法
一:动词不定式的意义和结构
1.不定式的语法意义:
(1)在句中做以下成分:主语,宾语,表语,补足语,定语,状语(2)一“无”一“有”:无人称和数的变化
有时态和语态的变化
(3)仍然保留动词的特点:to—vt+主语;to—vi(+状语)
2.结构:肯定式to do ;否定式 not\never to do
二:不定式的时态和语态变化
时态:与谓语动词相比,动词不定式的时间在谓语动词之前,同时之后进行。

1.一般式:动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之后或同时
发生。

2.完成式:动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。

eg:I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
3.进行式:动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。

eg:They seem to be getting along quite well.
4.完成进行式:动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前且进行.
语态:动词不定式与主句主语的关系
三.句子结构
(一)主语:1.不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数(非谓语动词 to do ,doing,done只有前两者可以作主语,done相当于形
容词)。

2.不定式作主语,常用it形式主语,把 to do 放于句
尾。

句式:(1)It is+ 形容词+for sb.to do sth.做某事对于某人来说是怎样的,此处为客观性质的形容词,如:hard,
difficult,easy等
(2)It is+形容词+of sb. to do sth.意思同上,此处为表示人得性格,本质特征,如:kind,friendly,selfish

Eg:1>It is hard for me to learn math .
2>It is kind of you to help me to study.
(3)It is +名词+to do 做某事是…
Eg:It is our duty to look after the old.
(4)It takes/took+主语+时间+to do.花费多长时间做某事Eg:It takes me five hours to finish the homework.
(三)宾语
1.直接to do 作宾语的动词(主语+vt+to
do):want/plan/ask/agree/afford/arrange(安
排)/determine(决
定)/decide/expect/fail/hope/happen/manage(设
法)offer/object(反对)/promise(许
诺)/wait/refuse等
2.若to do 作宾语,且后边又跟宾语补足语时,此时用it作形式主
语,把to do 放在后面,即构成结构主语+vt+it+宾
语补足语+to do (think,consider,make,find,feel) (四)宾语补足语
1.Vt+O+to do 结构中的及物动词:ask/tell/advise/allow/beg/encourage/believe/co
nsider/declare(宣
称)/expect/forbid/imagine/intend/order/permit(
答应)/persuade(劝说)/prefer/prove(证
明)/remind/request 等等
2.可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词
口诀:宾补省to十个半:一感(feel),二听(listen to,hear),三让(make,let,have),四看看(watch,see,look,
observe)半个帮助两均可(help)若变被动to还原。

(五)定语:to do 放在所修饰名词,代词短语之后
Eg:I have some questions to ask you .
(六)状语:to do 用来修饰动词/形容词/副词/整个句子,表达目的,
结果,原因,程度等。

Eg: 1>I’m glad to see you. 原因状语
2>I want to see you . 目的状语
五.省略to的情况
1.介词but/except之前(1)do+but/except+to省略+v
(2)v+but/except+to –v
2.动词不定式作表语时,若主语部分有do的相应形式,表语需要省
略to,主语(do)+be+to(省略)—v,多见于主语从
句中有do的情况。

Eg:All we can do is wait for the wind.。

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