2015年上海徐汇区一模卷以及答案 扫面版
2015年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷

2015年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________I、单选题(本大题共10小题,共10.0分)1.-You are supposed to graduate soon,aren't you?-Yes,in a short while,I'll be free _____ all my worries.()A.withB.ofC.aboutD.at【答案】B【解析】答案B.分析句子结构,"be free of…"为固定搭配,意为"摆脱…了,无…的",根据句意"我不久后就要毕业了"可知,我(在学习上)就没有什么烦恼了,因此B项符合语境,其它选项均不符合,故选B.句意:---你应该很快就毕业了,不是吗?---是的,不久,我就会摆脱我所有的烦恼了.本题考查介词辨析.解答此类题目首先要读懂句意,然后根据上下文语境锁定合适的介词.特别要注意一些短语的固定搭配.平时学习中要加强介词短语的积累.2._____ rapid spread of railways and the increase in ocean transport that made long-distance t ravelling more common.()A.Since theB.It was thatC.It was theD.There was the【答案】C【解析】答案:C句中有that,试图把that去掉之后,句子为:Therapid spread of railways and the increase in ocean transport made long-distance travelling mo re common.句子结构和意义都完整,由此可知,本句是强调句型结构:It is/was…that…,所以本题选择C.句意为:是铁路的快速延伸以及海洋运输的增加使得长途旅行变得更加普遍的.判断句型是否是强调句型,去掉其中的I t is/was…that…结构,句子结构和意义还完整,就可以推出此句型是强调结构.3.Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.()A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose【答案】C【解析】答案:C根据句意及分析句子结构可以看出specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6months old.作evidence的同位语,在从句中不缺任何成分,也没有任何疑问,所以用that引导同位语从句.句意为:证据表明,特殊的声音可以被六个月大的婴儿认出来.解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构,知道引导词的使用习惯.通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分,来选择正确的引导词.4._____ with the size of the whole universe,even the biggest star we can observe doesn't seem big at all.()A.When comparedpareC.While comparingparing【答案】A【解析】答案A.分析句子结构可知,逗号之后是主句,之后是非谓语动词形式.主句主语"star"与所给动词"comare"构成逻辑上的被动关系因此应该用过去分词,排除B、C和D项.句中"When compared"是一个省略结构,完整结构为"When the biggest star is compared with the size of the whole universe",在句中作时间状语,因此A项符合语境,故选A.句意:当和整个宇宙(被)比较时,我们能观察到的最大恒星似乎根本也没那么大.本题考查现在分词作状语.做这类题目首先根据句意判断是谓语还是非谓语,如果是分词做状语的时候,看动词与逻辑主语构成主动关系,就使用现在分词的形式;如果二者构成被动关系就使用过去分词的形式.不定式表示动作未发生作目的状语.5.Peter,your hair wants _____.You'd better have it done right now.()A.cutB.to cutC.cuttingD.being cut【答案】C【解析】答案:C 主语hair和cut是被动关系,谓语动词是want,此时用want doing,用主动形式表示被动的含义,相当于want to be done.所以本题选择C.句意为:Peter,你的头发需要理了.你最好现在就去理发.要掌握一些动词的特殊用法,类似的词还有require need等,加doing也是表被动,相当于require/need to be done.6._____ out of money,we had to pick a cheap hotel for the night.()A.To almost runB.Have almost runC.Had almost runD.Having almost run【答案】D【解析】答案D.分析句子结构可知,逗号之后是主句,逗号之前应是非谓语动词形式,主句主语"we"与所给动词"run out of"构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此应该用现在分词,从而排除A、B和C项.这里用现在分词的完成式"Having run of"表示"用光钱"这个动作先于"选择便宜宾馆"发生,因此D项符合语境,故选D.句意:由于钱差不多快用光了,我们只好选一家便宜的宾馆过夜.本题考查现在分词作状语.做这类题目首先根据句意判断是谓语还是非谓语,如果是分词做状语的时候,看动词与逻辑主语构成主动关系,就使用现在分词的形式;如果二者构成被动关系就使用过去分词的形式.不定式表示动作未发生作目的状语.7.Environmental concerns that worry many never seem _____ any effect on William,who is always optimistic about the future.()A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.had【答案】B【解析】答案:B 用排除法解答本题.因为seem to do sth.为固定搭配,所以排除A、D两项.因为本题是一般现在时态,所以此处应该用不定式的一般式,而不能用不定式的完成时.又排除C项.故选B.句意:令很多人担忧的环境问题好像从来对William没有影响,他总是对未来很乐观.考查不定式作表语.主要区分不定式的一般式和完成式的用法.此题是seem的固定用法.8.In the time of the week,_____ he spent in the mountain,he saw many rare birds.()A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which【答案】D【解析】答案:D 本题易误选B,分析句子成分,可以知道,先行词是"the time of the week",非限制性定语从句中,spent是谓语动词,该词是及物动词,所以从句中缺少宾语,故用关系代词,而在非限制性定语从句中表示物的关系代词只能用which,故本题选择D.句意为:在那一周的时间里,他看到很多稀有的鸟,他是山上度过那一周的.分析非限制性定语从句时,一定要分析好谓语动词是否缺少宾语,考生往往看到时间会用when,看到地点会用where,其实有些动词的宾语可以是时间或者地点,比如spend,visit等.9.The man coming back from Africa has been isolated _____ we know that he hasn't caught t he deadly disease,Ebola.()A.whenB.sinceC.unlessD.until【答案】D【解析】答案:Dwhen 当…时;since自从,既然,unless除非,until 直到…until肯定句中,表示句子的动作一直持续到until后面所表示的时间为止,在这种用法中,句子谓语必须是持续动词或持续状态,until用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生."被隔离"可以是一个持续的状态,所以本题选择D.句意为:那个从非洲回来的人已经被隔离,直到我们确认他没有感染致命的埃博拉病毒.要了解until用于肯定句和否定句中的区别,用在肯定句中,句子的谓语必须是可延续性的.not…until"直到…才"表示直到某一时间,某一行为才发生,之前该行为并没有发生.用在否定句中,主句中的谓语一般用短暂性动词.10.The greater the population there is in a region,_____ for water,food and transportation.()A.the greater the needB.there is greater needC.is the greater needD.the great need【答案】A【解析】答案:A本句考查形容词比较级的特殊句型:the+形容词比较级…+the+比较级,意思是"越…就越…".在本句空格后面其实省略了"there is".所以选择A.句意为:一个地区的人口越多,它的需要水、食物、运输的量就越大.在形容词的比较级使用中除了表示比较,还有其他特殊的用法,比如:1."比较级+and+比较级"或"more and more+原级"表示"越来越…".2."the+比较级…,the+比较级",表示"越…越…".3.表示倍数的比较级用法.考生需要理解所给句型的含义,作出正确选择.II、信息匹配(本大题共10小题,共10.0分)"A DVD retails for $10 or more.Out of that,we writers(18)______ current)get 4or5cents.We're asking to get 8cents per DVD.The producers and others say we're asking for too much."That is television writer Saul Bloom's(19)______ (argue)as to why the Writers Guild of America is going on strike tomorrow.The strike by TV and movie writers will greatly(20)______ (effective)TV and movie production.The last such strike,in 1988,cost the industry half a billion dollars.That strike lasted five months.Such a strike affects everyone in the business,from TV and movie industry executives all the way down to the people selling popcorn at local movie theaters.It is estimated that this one would be(21)______ (bad)than the last.All movies presently in production that require the skills of active writers will halt production.TV networks will(22)______ (substitution)new game shows and"reality"shows that don't require professional writers.In addition,of course,there will be plenty of reruns.TV viewers in search of fresh programs might have to switch to cable TV or rent DVDs.A recent nationwide poll indicates that the general public strongly supports the writers,who are thought to be underpaid and(23)______ (appreciate)."Writers are too(24)______ (demand),"complained Reese Majors,vice president of CEC Entertainment,a production company with seven shows airing weekly on network TV."They think they are so(25)______ (speciality).All they do is type a bunch of words onto a piece of paper.My six-year-old can do that.They claim that writing is work.But how can it be work when it is done in the comfort of their homes?Ho w can you call sitting at home‘work'?The(26)______ (act)and the crew have to go on location,where they must battle the cold,the heat,the jet lag,and the(27)______ (lonely)of being away from home.No home cooking for them-they have to eat catered meals.But you don't hear them complaining for four more cents per DVD!"11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.【答案】【小题1】currently 【小题2】argument【小题3】affect【小题4】worse【小题5】substitute【小题6】【小题7】【小题8】【小题9】【小题10】unappreciated demanding special actors loneliness【解析】答案:18.currently 此处在句中作时间状语,所以应使用它的副词形式;意为:目前,我们编剧们从中得到4美分或5美分;故填currently19.argument 此处用于 Saul Bloom's(名词的所有格)之后,所以应使用argue的名词形式;意为:那就是电视撰稿人Saul Bloom的关于美国作家协会明天为什么要罢工的理由,故填argument20.affect 此处用于副词greatly之后,在句中与助动词will一起作谓语,因此应填effective的动词原形;本句意为:由电视与电影编剧们组织的罢工将极大地影响到电视电影的产量;故填affect21.worse 根据句中的than可知,此处应使用bad的比较级,意为:据估计这一次罢工将比上一次更糟;故填worse22.substitute 此处用于助动词will之后,名词短语 new game shows 之前,所以应使用动词原形,本句意为:电视台将取代新的游戏节目;故填substitute 23.unappreciated 根据句意可知,此处的意思是:普通大众强烈支持被认为是低收入和不被赏识的这些编剧们.由于空缺处与and之前的形容词underpaid是并列关系,故此处应填unappreciated24.demanding 此处用于副词too之后,故应使用demand的形容词形式demanding(苛求的;要求高的);意为:编剧们要求太高.故填demanding25.special 此处用于副词so之后,故应使用speciality的形容词形式special(特殊的;重要的);意为:他们认为他们是那么重要;故填special26.actors 根据and之后的the crew (全体工作人员),因此可推断and之前也应指人即演员们;故填actors27.loneliness 根据空缺处前后的提示(之前是用在名词前面的定冠词the,之后为定语的标志of短语)可知,此处应填lonely的名词形式loneliness(孤独,寂寞)本文主要讲述的是电视及电影编剧们为争取每一张DVD再多增加几美分的报酬而进行了罢工,此次罢工比1988年的罢工造成的后果更糟,它致使目前所有的需要活跃编剧们的创作技巧而进行制作的电影将停工;电视网络将取代新的游戏节目以及不需要编剧的真人秀;搜索新鲜节目的观众可能不得不切换到有线电视或是租赁DVD等.但最近的一次全国性的民意调查表明:普通大众强烈支持被认为是低收入和不被赏识的这些编剧们.CEC娱乐公司副总裁 Reese Majors却抱怨编剧们要求太高,认为他们所做的只不过是在一张纸上打一堆单词,他们可以舒舒服服地在家里创作,远比不上演员以及其他工作人员辛苦,却还要每张DVD多增加4美分的报酬.本题考查的是用所给词的正确形式填空.做本题时,首先应通读全文,理解文章的大意;其次应了解每一题的考查点,然后结合句意并根据语法常识判断出每题的答案.另外,本题考到的语法知识有:副词用作状语;名词的所有格;形容词的比较级;词类转换等;因此在平时的学习中,应牢固掌握所学过的语法知识.III、完形填空(本大题共10小题,共10.0分)A food called"nutraloaf"has been used for many years in US prisons.But prisoners claim that it tastes so bad that the food is actually ( 21 ) .They say that prison officials must(29______ the prisoner with some type of disobedience ( 22 ) they can punish him by making him eat nutraloaf.At least one prisoner has filed a lawsuit ( 23 ) the use of nutraloaf.Prison officials say the prisoners are overreacting.They say that nutraloaf is a nutritious food."It's just like fruitcake,"said one warden(典狱长).Nutraloaf is a mixture of bread,cheese,raw and cooked vegetables,beans,and other ( 24 ) which may vary from season to season and prison to prison.Prison officials say that using nutraloaf,a"hand"food,increases prison ( 25 ) ,because prisoners don't have utensils or plates to throw at or use against guards or other prisoners.Officials ( 26 ) distribute nutraloaf for days at a time when one or more prisoners act unruly."What are they ( 27 ) about?I wish I could have had nutraloaf when I was growing up,"said Bob Hope,a prison warden in Arkansas."It tastes a lot ( 28 ) than the grits and corn bread I ate every day.These guys have a lot of nerve to complain.I've eaten it myself many times-I just pop it into the microwave for a minute,spread a little butter on it,and enjoy.What's their beef?Prisoners are just a bunch of whiners(悲嗥者).If they want five-star prison ( 29 ) ,they should commit their crimes in France."21.A.entertainment B.punishment C.implement pliment22.A.charge B.challenge C.oblige D.oppress23.A.until B.after C.unless D.before24.A.against B.for C.by D.from25.A.chemicals B.ingredients C.extinguisher D.fertilizer26.A.safety B.administration C.therapy D.aggressiveness27.A.officially B.intelligently C.impatiently D.routinely28.A.talking B.speaking plaining D.moving29.A.funnier B.worse C.better D.more bitter30.A.bread B.food C.spirit D.nutrient.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】D 【小题4】A 【小题5】B【小题6】A 【小题7】D 【小题8】C 【小题9】C 【小题10】B【解析】答案:BADABADCCB28.B 名词词义辨析A.entertainment 娱乐,招待;B.punishment 惩罚;C.implement 工具,手段;D.compliment 维,敬意;根据下一句"they can punish him by making him eat nutraloaf他们会通过让他吃nutraloaf(烤糊糊)来惩罚他"可知,此处应表示这种食物实际上是一种惩罚;故选B29.A 动词词义辨析A.charge 控诉;B.challenge 质疑;向…挑战; C.oblige 强制,强迫;D.oppress使烦恼,使意气消沉;据本句中的"with some type of disobedience"可知,此处应选可以与with搭配的动词;charge sb.with sth.意思是指控某人犯有某罪,此处意思是:监狱官员们必须指控犯人不服从某种管理;故选A30.D 连词词义辨析结合前半句可知,此处用作时间状语,意为:在他们让他吃nutraloaf(烤糊糊)作为惩罚之前;故选D31.A 介词词义辨析根据下一句监狱官员们说犯人们反应过激可知,此处表示有犯人反对食用该食物;故选A32.B 名词词义辨析A.chemicals 化学药品;B.ingredients (烹调的)原料;C.extinguisher 灭火器;D.fertilizer肥料,化肥;根据本句中的"a mixture of bread,cheese,raw and cooked vegetables,beans,and other…"可知面包、奶酪、生熟蔬菜、豆子都是一些可食用的原料,因此other之后应填ingredients;故选B33.A 名词词义辨析A.safety 安全,平安;B.administration管理,实行;C.therapy 治疗,疗效;D.aggressiveness进攻性,侵略性;根据下一句"因为囚犯没有可扔的或者是可用的器具或盘子来袭击警卫人员或其他犯人"可知,由于该食物只用手拿,因此是提高了监狱的安全;故选A34.D 副词词义辨析A.officially 官方地,依据法规等;B.intelligently 聪明地;C.impatiently 不耐烦地,焦急地;D.routinely 例行公事地,常规地;结合上文并根据本句中的"when one or more prisoners act unruly.当一个或更多的犯人不服从管教时"可知,此处表示狱官们就会常规性地一次分给他们几天的nutraloaf(烤糊糊);故选D35.C 动词词义辨析根据下一句阿肯色州的监狱长Bob Hope曾经希望自己长大后能吃到nutraloaf(烤糊糊)可知,此处他说的意思应是:他们有什么可抱怨的?故选C36.C 形容词词义辨析根据下文提到监狱长Bob Hope后来吃过几次nutraloaf(烤糊糊),并且觉得好吃可知,此处的意思应是:它尝起来要比我每天都吃的玉米面包好吃;故选C37.B 名词词义辨析结合上文监狱长Bob Hope的话可知,他认为犯人们抱怨该食物是不应该的,最后一句话的意思应是:如果他们想吃五星级监狱的食物,他们应该在法国犯下罪行;故选B本文主要讲述了在美国监狱里,囚犯们如果有违规行为,作为惩罚,他们只能吃一种专门的食物"Nutraloaf"(烤糊糊,以各种食材捣碎混合而成的食物);由于吃该种食物,可以不使用餐具,这也极大地提高监狱的安全性;但囚犯们却抱怨它难吃;阿肯色州的监狱长Bob Hope自己吃过几次nutraloaf(烤糊糊),并且觉得它比玉米面包要好吃,他认为囚犯们只是一群悲嗥者,不应对该食物有所抱怨.做本题时,首先应快速通读全文,了解短文的大意;其次本题主要考查了名词,动词,形容词,副词,连词等的词义辨析,因此应结合文中的大意,选出恰当的单词;这就需要在平时的学习中,在增加阅读量的同时,还需要注意词汇量的积累.IV、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AIt was a rainy morning two years ago.Shirley Huxham was cycling gently downhill.As she waved to a friend,her bike slid uncontrollably on the wet road,throwing her to the ground."I'd never even thought of buying a helmet,"she says.For months she was partly paralysed(瘫痪的)down her left side and still has health problems today.Some might think that Shirley was just unlucky.How dangerous can it be to fall from a bicycle?In fact,each year on Britain's roads more than 200people are killed and at least 4,000seriously injured on bicycles.But these numbers don't tell the whole story:the majority of the dead and injured were not wearing helmets.A study of bicycle accidents in the US found that helmets could reduce the risk of serious head injury by 85percent.Yet it is estimated that in Britain,no more than five percent of bicycle-riders wear helmets.Why don't more cyclists wear them?People think that helmets look foolish,that they're inconvenient,and that accidents only happen to other people.One of the wrong ideas bicyclists have is that lower speeds can put them at less risk than motorcyclists,who are legally obliged to wear helmets.In fact,according to a British report,a higher percentage of bicyclists than motorcyclists suffer head injuries.And their injuries can be just as severe.Helmets,however,can make a big difference.Shirley wasn't just unlucky.If she had worna helmet,she wouldn't have spent months in hospital.Why take the risk?31.The reason why Shirley got badly injured was that ______ .A.She was riding her bicycle downhill too fast.B.Her friend's waving to her made her lose control.C.She ignored the importance of wearing a helmet.D.The ground was barely wet.32.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage ______ ?A.Wearing helmets will reduce the risk of being killed by 85%.B.Nearly 5percent of bicycle-riders wear no helmet in UK.C.Motorcyclists suffer more head injuries than bicyclists.D.In UK a motorcyclist's wearing no helmet is against the law.33.People don't like wearing helmets due to the following reasons except ______ .A.Wearing helmets makes them look silly.B.They don't think wearing a helmet is convenient.C.Falling off a bicycle only happens to other people.D.Wearing a helmet is not fashionable at all.【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】D【解析】38.C.推理判断题.根据文章第一段"I'd never even thought of buying a helmet",我从来没有想过买一个头盔,可推测她重伤的原因是没有戴头盔;故选C.39.D.细节理解题.根据文章第五段"One of the wrong ideas bicyclists have is that lower speeds can put them at less risk than mo torcyclists,who are legally obliged to wear helmets"骑自行车的人都还存在着一种错误的想法,自行车较慢的速度会使他们比法律规定必须戴头盔的骑摩托车的人要安全,可知在英国骑摩托车不戴头盔的是违法的;故选D.39.D.细节理解题.根据文章第四段"People think that helmets look foolish,that they're inconvenient,and that accidents only happen to other people",人们认为头盔看起来很愚蠢,并且戴头盔他们很不方便,而且他们认为事故只会发生在其他人身上;故选D.本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了现在大部分人骑自行车不戴头盔的现象,很多人会认为自行车速度比较慢,不带头盔也比较安全,然而调查显示自行车事故中人的头部也极易造成损伤,且伤势不轻,作者旨在提醒读者骑自行车也要注意安全,带好头盔.考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.BMany Chinese immigrants began crossing the Pacific to arrive in the United States in themid-1800s.By that time,China's population had reached about 430million,and the country was suffering from severe unemployment,poverty,and famine(饥荒).The 1848discoveryof gold in California began to tempt Chinese immigrants to the United States.Then,in 1850,the Taiping Rebellion broke out in their homeland.This rebellion against the Chinese government took some 20million lives and caused such suffering that thousands of Chinese left for the United States.In the early 1860s,as the Central Pacific Railroad began construction of its portion of the transcontinental railroad,the demand for railroad workers further increased Chinese immigration.Chinese immigrants mainly settled in western cities,where they often worked as laborers or servants or in skilled trades.Others worked as merchants.Because native-born Americans kept them out of many businesses,some Chinese immigrants opened their own.Another group of Asians,the Japanese,also immigrated to the United States.Until 1900,however,their numbers remained small.Between 1900and 1908,large numbers of Japanese migrated to the United States as Japan began building both an industrial economy and an empire.Both developments interrupted the economy of Japan and caused hardships for its people,thus stimulating emigration.Until 1910 Asian immigrants arriving in San Francisco first stopped at a two-story shelter at the wharf (码头).As many as 500people at a time were often squeezed into this structure,which Chinese immigrants from Canton called muk uk,or"wooden house."In January 1910,California opened a few barracks on Angel Island to accommodate the Asian immigrants.Most of the immigrants were young males in their teens or twenties,who nervously awaited the results of their immigration hearings in dormitories packed with double or triple tiers of bunks.This unpleasant delay could last for months.On the walls of the detention barracks,the immigrants wrote anonymous poems in pencil or ink.Some even carved their verse into the wood.34.Which of the following statements is NOT the reason of Chinese immigration to America ______ ?A.The population explosion led to severe unemployment,poverty,and famine.B.The discovery of gold in the United States was a great temptation to Chinese immigrants.C.The great suffering caused by Taiping Rebellion forced many people leave China.D.The United States needed great man power to complete its railroad construction.35.When Chinese immigrants got to America,they usually took the following jobs except______ ?A.Railroad constructorsB.Family servantsernmental officialsD.Businessmen36.The Japanese immigrated to the United States at the beginning of the 1900s because______ .A.the numbers of Japanese immigrants stayed low until 1900B.the Japanese immigrants to the States wanted to learn moreC.the enormous social changes were taking place in JapanD.the Japanese immigrants wanted to do more businesses in the new world.37.What does the underlined word mean ______ ?A.Foods.B.Camps.C.Wharfs.D.Customs.【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】C 【小题4】B【解析】41.答案A 细节考查题.根据文章第一自然段可知华人来美的原因应该是美国对华人的吸引和需求,包括(B/C/D)三种原因,而选项A是指由于中国人口的膨胀而导致国内的饥荒贫穷失业率高.显然这句话根据文意是错误的,同时也不是华人来美的原因.42.答案C 细节考查题.根据文章中"they often worked as laborers or servants or in skilled trades.Others worked as merchants"可知华人的工作为labors,servants and merchat(businessman).所以答案为C.43.答案C 细节考查题.根据文中"large numbers of Japanese migrated to the United States as Japan began building both an ind ustrial economy and an empire.Both developments interrupted the economy of Japan and ca used hardships for its people,thus stimulating emigration"可知由于日本国内建设工业经济,这种国内的变革导致了苦难的民众来美,所以答案选C(social change社会变革).44.答案B 词义推断题.根据划线单词barracks前后语境"first stopped at a two-story shelter at the wharf""who nervously awaited the results of their immigration hearings in dormitories packed with double or triple tiers of bunks"可知一开始移民住的是a two-story shelter后来是barracks,可知barracks应该是住很多人的地方结合选项意思可知camps(大本营)是住的地方,故选B.19世纪中期到很多中国人跨过太平洋来到美国.当时中国的人口达到4亿3千万,国内遭受了失业率高、贫困和饥荒的威胁.1848年加利福尼亚发现了金矿开始吸引华人来美;中国国内的太平天国起义也导致了数以千计的人来到美国;19世纪60年代早期更多的华人来到太平洋海岸铁路的修建.华人主要聚居在美国西海岸,他们大多是劳力、佣人和小手艺人,有的从事了商业,由于当地排华,他们很难在商业圈供职,所以一些华人开自己的店铺谋生.作为另外一波亚洲人的日本人也向往美利坚.1900以前来美数量很少,在1900年和1908年之间由于日本国内振兴工业帝国,使生活苦难的普通日本人陆续来到美国.一开始到达旧金山的亚洲移民都居住在码头边两层小屋里,有时一次住500人.在1910年1月加利福尼亚开设了供亚洲移民住的营房,住在里面的大多是20来岁的年轻人,他们在这个堆满架子床的拥挤宿舍里等待着遗民听证会,无聊的他们在墙上和木头上写了很多匿名诗.本篇文章主要讲述中国人和日本人由于各种原因在历史上出现的移民美国的现象.细节考查题需要找到题目所在的段落根据前后句意,结合题目的选项注意排除和筛选;词义推断题在理解划线词所在段落的基础上,结合前后语境,得出正确答案.CManagement Consultant Suzy Welch remembers the moment 14 years ago when her life"imploded(压破)."She was speaking to an auditorium full of insurance executives in Hawaii when she saw the faces of two of her children,then six and five,pressed against the glass door.She had parked them in a dance class,but they'd fled out to find her.She wrapped up her remarks and canceled the Q&A."I was trying to please everyone but pleasing no-one,"she says,"I had to rethink the way I made my decisions."Author of the bestselling Winning (written with husband Jack Welch,former head of GE),Suzy Welch,49,has a new book,10-10-10,that details the strategy she created after the tremendous decision-making moment.The mother of four explains:"When faced with a vital decision,ask yourself,how will my choice affect my life ten minutes from now?Ten months from now?Ten years from now?"Too often we decide something by avoiding the immediate ouch.But by looking at the middle and longer time frames as well as the short-term,we're accessing our real values.My business trip is an example.Had I applied the strategy to it back then,I would have declined it.I had other work travel coming up.I was needed at home."Many people have found‘10-10-10'thrilling.An entrepreneur moved forward with a new business plan but without the girlfriend,who didn't share his goals.A mum of a troubled teen finally got him to a psychologist after putting it off.Often,in our most stressful moments,we make decisions by instinct only.Or we ask a friend for advice.Or we make no decision and suffer for it.We can live much more deliberately by taking control of choices and really understanding them."Sure,there's still room for spontaneity(自发的行为).But when you look at things from three distinct time frames and assess the consequences,never again will you say,‘I have no idea why I made this decision.'"38.What did Suzy do to her two kids before addressing those executives 14years ago ______ ?A.She left them in a car in a parking lot.B.She had a dance class together with the two kids.C.She fed the kids a lot of food and let them sleep.D.She just left them in a dance class.39.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ______ ?A.Suzy and her husband used to work in GE,and they achieved great success in business.B.Suzy and her husband had four children.C.Suzy believed that many people reached a decision by avoiding direct pains.D.Suzy failed to give up her work travel because she hadn't had her great strategies then.40.Which of the following is probably one of the strategies in Suzy's book ______ ?A.When doing business,you should learn to please everyone.B.Before making a vital decision,you should ask yourself instead of others.C.When carrying out a new plan,you'd better take your girlfriend.D.The assessment of consequences plays a vital role in decision-making.41.Suzy's new book was mainly about ______ .A.how to deal with numbers when doing businessB.how to make decisions by following her strategiesC.how to obtain more benefits in businessD.how to make detailed strategies in business.【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】B【解析】45.A 细节理解题,根据She was speaking to an auditorium full of insurance executives in Hawaii when she saw the f aces of two of her children,then six and five,pressed against the glass door.She had parked them in a dance class,but they'd fled out to find her.可知她14年前将他们放在停车场的一辆车里,故选A.46.D 细节理解题,根据My business trip is an example.Had I applied the strategy to it back then,I would have declined it.I had other work travel coming up.I was needed at home.她的出差是一个例子,如果当初没有好的策略,她会拒绝,说明她当时没有拒绝,因此D错,故选D.47.B 细节理解题,根据When faced with a vital decision,ask yourself,how will my choice affect my life ten minutes from now?Ten months from now?Ten years from now?可知当做一个决定的时候要问自己,而不是问别人,故选B.48.B 细节理解题,根据Suzy Welch,49,has a new book,10-10-10,。
2015年上海市各区中考一模数学试题(全含答案)

2015年##市六区联考初三一模数学试卷〔满分150分,时间100分钟〕 2015.1一. 选择题〔本大题满分4×6=24分〕1. 如果把Rt ABC ∆的三边长度都扩大2倍,那么锐角A 的四个三角比的值〔 〕 A. 都扩大到原来的2倍; B. 都缩小到原来的12; C. 都没有变化; D. 都不能确定;2. 将抛物线2(1)y x =-向左平移2个单位,所得抛物线的表达式为〔 〕 A. 2(1)y x =+; B. 2(3)y x =-; C. 2(1)2y x =-+; D. 2(1)2y x =--;3. 一个小球被抛出后,如果距离地面的高度h 〔米〕和运行时间t 〔秒〕的函数解析式为25101h t t =-++,那么小球到达最高点时距离地面的高度是〔 〕A. 1米;B. 3米;C. 5米;D. 6米;4. 如图,已知AB ∥CD ∥EF ,:3:5AD AF =,12BE =,那么CE 的长等于〔 〕 A. 2; B. 4; C.245; D. 365; 5. 已知在△ABC 中,AB AC m ==,B α∠=,那么边BC 的长等于〔 〕A. 2sin m α⋅;B. 2cos m α⋅;C. 2tan m α⋅;D. 2cot m α⋅; 6. 如图,已知在梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,2BC AD =,如果对角线AC 与BD 相交于点O ,△AOB 、△BOC 、△COD 、△DOA 的面积分别记作1S 、2S 、3S 、4S ,那么下列结论中,不正确的是〔 〕A. 13S S =;B. 242S S =;C. 212S S =;D. 1324S S S S ⋅=⋅; 二. 填空题〔本大题满分4×12=48分〕 7. 已知34x y =,那么22x yx y-=+; 8. 计算:33()22a ab -+-=; 9. 已知线段4a cm =,9b cm =,那么线段a 、b 的比例中项等于cm 10. 二次函数2253y x x =--+的图像与y 轴的交点坐标为; 11. 在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,如果6AB =,2cos 3A =,那么AC =; 12. 如图,已知,D E 分别是△ABC 的边BC 和AC 上的点,2AE =,3CE =,要使DE ∥AB ,那么:BC CD 应等于;13. 如果抛物线2(3)5y a x =+-不经过第一象限,那么a 的取值X 围是; 14. 已知点G 是面积为227cm 的△ABC 的重心,那么△AGC 的面积等于;15. 如图,当小杰沿着坡度1:5i =的坡面由B 到A 直行走了26米时,小杰实际上升的高度AC =米〔结论可保留根号〕16. 已知二次函数的图像经过点(1,3),对称轴为直线1x =-,由此可知这个二次函数的图像一定经过除点(1,3)外的另一点,这点的坐标是;17. 已知不等臂跷跷板AB 长为3米,当AB 的一端点A 碰到地面时〔如图1〕,AB 与地面的夹角为30°;当AB 的另一端点B 碰到地面时〔如图2〕,AB 与地面的夹角的正弦值为13,那么跷跷板AB 的支撑点O 到地面的距离OH =米18. 把一个三角形绕其中一个顶点逆时针旋转并放大或缩小〔这个顶点不变〕,我们把这样的三角形运动称为三角形的T-变换,这个顶点称为T-变换中心,旋转角称为T-变换角,三角形与原三角形的对应边之比称为T-变换比;已知△ABC 在直角坐标平面内,点(0,1)A -,(3,2)B -,(0,2)C ,将△ABC 进行T-变换,T-变换中心为点A ,T-变换角为60°,T-变换比为23,那么经过T-变换后点C 所对应的点的坐标为;三. 解答题〔本大题满分10+10+10+10+12+12+14=78分〕19. 已知在直角坐标平面内,抛物线26y x bx =++经过x 轴上两点,A B ,点B 的坐标为(3,0),与y 轴相交于点C ;〔1〕求抛物线的表达式; 〔2〕求△ABC 的面积;20. 如图,已知在△ABC 中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,设BA a =,BC b =; 〔1〕求AD 〔用向量,a b 的式子表示〕〔2〕如果点E 在中线AD 上,求作BE 在,BA BC 方向上的分向量;〔不要求写作法,但要保留作图痕迹,并指出所作图中表示结论的分向量〕21. 如图,某幢大楼的外墙边上竖直安装着一根旗杆CD ,小明在离旗杆下方大楼底部E 点24米的点A 处放置一台测角仪,测角仪的高度AB 为1.5米,并在点B 处测得旗杆下端C 的仰角为40°,上端D的仰角为45°,求旗杆CD 的长度;〔结果精确到0.1米,参考数据:sin 400.64︒≈,cos400.77︒≈,tan 400.84︒≈〕22. 用含30°、45°、60°这三个特殊角的四个三角比与其组合可以表示某些实数,如:12可表示为1sin 30cos60tan 45sin 302=︒=︒=︒⋅︒=…;仿照上述材料,完成下列问题:〔1〕用含30°、45°、60°这三个特殊角的三角比或其组合表示32,即 填空:32====…; 〔2〕用含30°、45°、60°这三个特殊角的三角比,结合加、减、乘、除四种运算,设计一个等式,要求:等式中须含有这三个特殊角的三角比,上述四种运算都至少出现一次,且这个等式的结果等于1,即填空:1=23. 已知如图,D 是△ABC 的边AB 上一点,DE ∥BC ,交边AC 于点E ,延长DE 至点F ,使EF DE =,联结BF ,交边AC 于点G ,联结CF〔1〕求证:AE EGAC CG=; 〔2〕如果2CF FG FB =⋅,求证:CG CE BC DE ⋅=⋅24. 已知在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,二次函数2y ax bx =+的图像经过点(1,3)-和点(1,5)-; 〔1〕求这个二次函数的解析式;〔2〕将这个二次函数的图像向上平移,交y 轴于点C ,其纵坐标为m ,请用m 的代数式表示平移后函数图象顶点M 的坐标;〔3〕在第〔2〕小题的条件下,如果点P 的坐标为(2,3),CM 平分PCO ∠,求m 的值;25. 已知在矩形ABCD 中,P 是边AD 上的一动点,联结BP 、CP ,过点B 作射线交线段CP 的延长线于点E ,交边AD 于点M ,且使得ABE CBP ∠=∠,如果2AB =,5BC =,AP x =,PM y =; 〔1〕求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出它的定义域; 〔2〕当4AP =时,求EBP ∠的正切值;〔3〕如果△EBC 是以EBC ∠为底角的等腰三角形,求AP 的长;2015年##市六区联考初三一模数学试卷参考答案一. 选择题1. C2. A3. D4. C5. B6. B 二.填空题7.15 8. 1322a b -- 9. 6 10. (0,3) 11. 4 12. 5313. 3a <- 14. 9 15.26 16. (3,3)- 17.3518. (3,0)- 三. 解答题19.〔1〕256y x x =-+; 〔2〕(2,0)A ,(3,0)B ,(0,6)C ,3ABC S ∆=;20.〔1〕12b a -; 〔2〕略; 21. 3.84CD m ≈22.〔1〕sin 60︒,cos30︒,tan 45sin60︒⋅︒; 〔2〕(sin 30cos60)tan 45cot 45︒+︒⋅︒÷︒; 23. 略;24.〔1〕24y x x =-; 〔2〕(2,4)M m -; 〔3〕92m =;25.〔1〕4y x x =-〔25x <≤〕; 〔2〕3tan 4EBP ∠=; 〔3〕53+;崇明县2014学年第一学期教学质量调研测试卷九年级数学〔测试时间: 100分钟,满分:150分〕一、选择题〔本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分〕1、已知52a b =,那么下列等式中,不一定正确的是………………………………〔 〕 <A>25a b = <B>52a b = <C>7a b += <D>72a b b += 2、在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,A ∠、B ∠、C ∠所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,下列等式中不一定成立的是 ……………………………………………………………………〔 〕<A>tan b a B = <B>cos a c B = <C>sin ac A =<D>cos a b A =3、如果二次函数2y ax bx c =++的图像如图所示,那么下列判断中,不正确的是………〔 〕<A>0a ><B>0b ><C>0c <<D>240b ac ->4、将二次函数2x y =的图像向下平移1个单位,再向右平移1个单位后所得图像的函数表达式为…………………………………………………………………………〔 〕 <A>2(1)1y x =++<B>2(1)1y x =+-<C>2(1)1y x =-+<D>2(1)1y x =--5、下列说法正确的是……………………………………………………〔 〕<A> 相切两圆的连心线经过切点 <B> 长度相等的两条弧是等弧<C> 平分弦的直径垂直于弦<D> 相等的圆心角所对的弦相等6、如图,点D 、E 、F 、G 为ABC ∆两边上的点,且DE FG BC ∥∥,若DE 、FG 将ABC ∆的面积三等分,那么下列结论正确的是 ………………………………………〔 〕<A>14DE FG = <B>1DF EGFB GC== <C>ADFB<D>AD DB〔第3题图〕〔第6题图〕二、填空题〔本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分〕7、已知点P 是线段AB 的黄金分割点()AP PB >,如果2AB =cm,那么线段AP =cm .8、如果两个相似三角形的面积比为1:4,那么它们的周长比为. 9、如果二次函数22(1)51y m x x m =-++-的图像经过原点,那么m =. 10、抛物线221y x =-在y 轴右侧的部分是〔填"上升〞或"下降〞〕.11、如果将抛物线23y x =平移,使平移后的抛物线顶点坐标为(2,2),那么平移后的抛物线的表达式为.12、已知抛物线2y x bx c =++经过点(0,5)A 、(4,5)B ,那么此抛物线的对称轴是.13、某飞机的飞行高度为1500m,从飞机上测得地面控制点的俯角为60°,此时飞机与这地面控制点的距离为m .14、已知正六边形的半径为2cm,那么这个正六边形的边心距为cm .15、如图,已知在ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,6AC =,点G 为重心,GH BC ⊥,垂足为点H ,那么GH =. 16、半径分别为8cm 与6cm 的1O 与2O 相交于A 、B 两点,圆心距O 1O 2的长为10cm,那么公共弦AB 的长为cm .17、如图,水库大坝的横截面是梯形,坝顶AD 宽5米,坝高10米,斜坡CD 的坡角为45︒,斜坡AB 的坡度1:1.5i =,那么坝底BC 的长度为米.18、如图,将边长为6cm 的正方形ABCD 折叠,使点D 落在AB 边的中点E 处,折痕为FH ,点C 落在Q处,EQ 与BC 交于点G ,那么EBG ∆的周长是cm .〔第15187题,19、〔本题满分10分〕计算:2014cos301(cot 45)sin 60︒-+-︒+︒20、〔本题满分10分,其中第<1>小题5分,第<2>小题5分〕已知:如图,□ABCD 中,E 是AD 中点,BE 交AC 于点F ,设BA a =、BC b =. 〔1〕用,a b 的线性组合表示FA ;〔2〕先化简,再直接在图中求作该向量:1151()()()2424a b a b a b -+-+++.21、〔本题满分10分,其中第<1>小题6分,第<2>小题4分〕ABC DEF G CFEDABC ABCDFGH QE如图,在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,点D 是BC 边上的一点,6CD =,3cos 5ADC ∠=,2tan 3B =.〔1〕求AC 和AB 的长;〔2〕求sin BAD ∠的值.22、〔本题满分10分,其中第<1>小题5分,第<2>小题5分〕 如图,轮船从港口A 出发,沿着南偏西15︒的方向航行了100海里到达B 处,再从B 处沿着北偏东75︒的方向航行200海里到达了C 处. 〔1〕求证:AC AB ⊥;〔2〕轮船沿着BC 方向继续航行去往港口D 处,已知港口D 位于港口A 的正东方向,求轮 船还需航行多少海里.23、〔本题满分12分,其中第<1>小题6分,第<2>小题6分〕如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD BC ∥,AD AB =,2ABC C ∠=∠,E 与F 分别为边AD 与DC 上的两点,且有EBF C ∠=∠.(1)求证:::BE BF BD BC =;(2)当F 为DC 中点时,求:AE ED 的比值.24、〔本题满分12分,其中每小题各4分〕如图,已知抛物线258y x bx c =++经过直线112y x =-+与坐标轴的两个交点A 、B ,点C 为抛物线上的一点,且90ABC ∠=︒. 〔1〕求抛物线的解析式;〔2〕求点C 坐标; 〔3〕直线112y x =-+上是否存在点P ,使得BCP ∆与OAB ∆相似,若存在,请直接写出P 点的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由. 25、〔本题满分14分,其中第<1>小题5分,第<2>小题5分,已知在ABC ∆中,5AB AC ==,6BC =,O 为边AB 上一动点为半径的圆交BC 于点D ,设OB x =,DC y =. 〔1〕如图1,求y 关于x 的函数关系式与定义域;〔2〕当⊙O 与线段AC 有且只有一个交点时,求x 的取值X 〔3〕如图2,若⊙O 与边AC 交于点E 当DEC ∆与ABC ∆相似时,求x 的值.2014学年 DDABCEF北AB C东一. 选择题1. 将抛物线22y x =-向右平移一个单位,再向上平移2个单位后,抛物线的表达式为〔 〕 A. 22(1)2y x =--+;B. 22(1)2y x =---; C. 22(1)2y x =-++;D. 22(1)2y x =-+-;2. 如图,平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是边BC 上的点,AE 交BD 于点F ,如果:BE BC =2:3,那么下列各式错误的是〔 〕A.2BE EC =;B. 13EC AD =; C.23EF AE =;D. 23BF DF =; 3. 已知Rt △ABC 中,90C ∠=︒,CAB α∠=,7AC =,那么BC 为〔 〕 A. 7sin α;B. 7cos α;C. 7tan α;D. 7cot α;4. 如图,在四边形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,如果添加下列条件,不能使得△ABC ∽△DCA 成立的是〔 〕A. BAC ADC ∠=∠;B. B ACD ∠=∠;C. 2AC AD BC =⋅;D.DC ABAC BC=; 5. 已知二次函数222y ax x =-+〔0a >〕,那么它的图像一定不经过〔 〕 A. 第一象限;B. 第二象限;C. 第三象限;D. 第四象限;6. 如图,在△ABC 中,D 、E 分别是AB 、AC 上的点,且DE ∥BC ,如果:1:4AE EC =, 那么:ADE BEC S S ∆∆=〔 〕A. 1:24;B. 1:20;C. 1:18;D. 1:16; 二. 填空题 7. 如果53a b =,那么a ba b -+的值等于; 8. 抛物线2(1)2y x =-+的顶点坐标是;9. 二次函数245y x x =--的图像的对称轴是直线; 10. 计算:cot30sin60︒-︒=;11. 在某一时刻,测得一根高为1.8m 的竹竿的影长为3m ,同时测得一根旗杆的影长为25m ,那么这根旗杆的高度为m ;12. 若点1(3,)A y -、2(0,)B y 是二次函数22(1)1y x =--图像上的两点,那么1y 与2y 的 大小关系是〔填12y y >,12y y =或12y y <〕;13. 如图,若1l ∥2l ∥3l ,如果6DE =,2EF =, 1.5BC =,那么AC =;14. 如图是拦水坝的横断面,斜坡AB 的高度为6米,斜面的坡比为1:2,则斜坡AB 的长为米〔保留根号〕;15. 如图,正方形ABCD 被分割成9个全等的小正方形,P 、Q 是其中两个小正方形的顶 点,设AB a =,AD b =,则向量PQ =〔用向量a 、b 来表示〕;16. 如图,△ABC 中,90BAC ∠=︒,G 点是△ABC 的重心,如果4AG =,那么BC 的长为;17. 如图,已知4tan 3O =,点P 在边OA 上,5OP =,点M 、N 在边OB 上,PM PN =, 如果2MN =,那么PM =;18. 如图,在△ABC 中,90ABC ∠=︒,6AB =,8BC =,点M 、N 分别在边AB 、BC上,沿直线MN 将△ABC 折叠,点B 落在点P 处,如果AP ∥BC 且4AP =,那么BN =;三. 解答题19. 已知二次函数2y ax bx c =++〔a 、b 、c 为常数,且0a ≠〕经过A 、B 、C 、D 四个点,其中横坐标x 与纵坐标y 的对应值如下表:A B CDx1- 0 13 y1-353〔1〕求二次函数解析式; 〔2〕求△ABD 的面积;20. 如图,在等腰梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,AB DC =,AC 与BD 交于点O ,:1:2AD BC =; 〔1〕设BA a =,BC b =,试用a ,b 表示BO ; 〔2〕先化简,再求作:3(2)2()2a b a b +-+〔直接作在原图中〕 21. 如图,在电线杆上的C 处引拉线CE 、CF 固定电线杆,拉线CE 和地面成60°角,在离电线杆6米处安置测角仪AB ,在A 处测得电线杆上C 处的仰角为23°,已知测角仪AB 的高为1.5米,求拉线CE 的长;[已知5sin 2313︒≈,12cos 2313︒≈,5tan 2312︒≈,结果保留根号] 22. 如图,MN 经过△ABC 的顶点A ,MN ∥BC ,AM AN =,MC 交AB 于D ,NB 交AC 于E ; 〔1〕求证:DE ∥BC ;〔2〕联结DE ,如果1DE =,3BC =,求MN 的长;23. 已知菱形ABCD 中,8AB =,点G 是对角线BD 上一点,CG 交BA 的延长线于点F ;〔1〕求证:2AG GE GF =⋅; 〔2〕如果12DG GB =,且AG BF ⊥,求cos F ; 24. 已知如图,抛物线21:4C y ax ax c =++的图像开口向上,与x 轴交于点A 、B 〔A 在B 的左边〕,与y 轴交于点C ,顶点为P ,2AB =,且OA OC =; 〔1〕求抛物线1C 的对称轴和函数解析式;〔2〕把抛物线1C 的图像先向右平移3个单位,再向下平移m 个单位得到抛物线2C ,记顶点为M ,并与y 轴交于点(0,1)F -,求抛物线2C 的函数解析式;〔3〕在〔2〕的基础上,点G 是y 轴上一点,当△APF 与△FMG 相似时,求点G 的坐标; 25. 如图,梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,对角线AC BC ⊥,9AD =,12AC =,16BC =,点E 是边BC 上的一个动点,EAF BAC ∠=∠,AF 交CD 于点F ,交BC 延长线于点G ,设BE x =; 〔1〕试用x 的代数式表示FC ; 〔2〕设FGy EF=,求y 关于x 的函数关系式,并写出定义域; 〔3〕当△AEG 是等腰三角形时,直接写出BE 的长; 参考答案1、A2、C3、C4、D5、C6、B7、148、〔1,2〕 9、x =2 10、32 11、15 12、12y y > 13、6 14、6515、16、12 171718、19、 20、 21、 22、 23、 24、 25、所以,BE =72014学年##市宝山区初三一模数学试卷一. 选择题〔24分〕1. 如图,在直角△ABC 中,90C ∠=︒,1BC =,2AC =下列判断正确的是〔 〕A. 30A ∠=︒;B. 45A ∠=︒;C. cot 2A =; D. tan 2A =; 2. 如图,△ABC 中,D 、E 分别为边AB 、AC 上的点,且DE ∥BC ,下列判断错误 的是〔 〕A. AD AE DB EC =;B.AD DE DB BC =;C. AD AE AB AC =;D.AD DE AB BC=; 3. 如果在两个圆中有两条相等的弦,那么〔 〕A. 这两条弦所对的圆心角相等;B. 这两条线弦所对的弧相等;C. 这两条弦都被与它垂直的半径平分;D. 这两条弦所对的弦心距相等;4. 已知非零向量a 、b 、c ,下列命题中是假命题的是〔 〕A. 如果2a b =,那么a ∥b ;B. 如果2a b =-,那么a ∥b ;C. 如果||||a b =,那么a ∥b ;D. 如果2a b =,2b c =,那么a ∥c ;5. 已知O 半径为3,M 为直线AB 上一点,若3MO =,则直线AB 与O 的位置关系为〔 〕A. 相切;B. 相交;C. 相切或相离;D. 相切或相交;6. 如图边长为3的等边△ABC 中,D 为AB 的三等分点〔12AD BD =〕,三角形边上的 动点E 从点A 出发,沿A C B →→的方向运动,到达点B 时停止,设点E 运动的路程为x ,2DE y =,则y 关于x 的函数图像大致为〔 〕A. B. C. D. 二. 填空题〔48分〕7. 线段b 是线段a 和c 的比例中项,若1a =,2b =,则c =;8. 两个相似三角形的相似比为2:3,则它们的面积比为;9. 已知两圆半径分别为3和7,圆心距为d ,若两圆相离,则d 的取值X 围是;10. 已知△ABC 的三边之比为2:3:4,若△DEF 与△ABC 相似,且△DEF 的最大边长为20,则△DEF 的周长为;11. 在△ABC 中,cot A =cos B =那么C ∠=; 12. B 在A 北偏东30°方向〔距A 〕2千米处,C 在B 的正东方向〔距B 〕2千米处,则C 和A 之间的距离为千米;13. 抛物线2(3)4y x =--+的对称轴是;14. 不经过第二象限的抛物线2y ax bx c =++的开口方向向;15. 已知点11(,)A x y 、22(,)B x y 为函数22(1)3y x =--+的图像上的两点,若121x x >>,则1y 2y ; 16. 如图,D 为等边△ABC 边BC 上一点,60ADE ∠=︒,交AC 于E ,若2BD =,3CD =,则CE =;17. 如图,O 的直径AB 垂直弦CD 于M ,且M 是半径OB 的中点,CD =则直径AB 的长为;18. 如图直角梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,2CD =,AB BC =,1AD =,动点M 、N 分别在AB 边和BC 的延长线运动,而且AM CN =,联结AC 交MN 于E ,MH ⊥AC 于H ,则EH =;三. 解答题〔78分〕19. 计算:2sin 602cot 30cos 602cos 45tan 60︒+︒-︒︒+︒; 20. 如图,已知M 、N 分别是平行四边形ABCD 边DC 、BC 的中点,射线AM 和射线BC 相交于E ,设AB a =,AD b =,试用a 、b 表示AN ,AE ;〔直接写出结果〕21. 已知一个二次函数的图像经过点(1,0)A 和点(0,6)B ,(4,6)C ,求这个抛物线的表达式 以与该抛物线的顶点坐标;22. 如图,D 为等边△ABC 边BC 上一点,DE ⊥AB 于E ,若:2:1BD CD =,DE =求AE ;23. 如图,P 为O 的直径MN 上一点,过P 作弦AC 、BD 使APM BPM ∠=∠,求证: PA PB =;24. 如图,正方形ABCD 中,〔1〕E 为边BC 的中点,AE 的垂直平分线分别交AB 、AE 、CD 于G 、F 、H ,求GF FH ; 〔2〕E 的位置改动为边BC 上一点,且BE k EC =,其他条件不变,求GF FH的值; 25. 〔1〕数学小组的单思稿同学认为形如的抛物线2y ax bx c =++,系数a 、b 、c 一旦确定,抛物线的形状、大小、位置就不会变化,所以称数a 、b 、c 为抛物线2y ax bx c =++ 的特征数,记作{,,}a b c ;请求出与y 轴交于点(0,3)C -的抛物线22y x x k =-+在单同学 眼中的特征数;〔2〕同数学小组的尤恪星同学喜欢将抛物线设成2()y a x m k =++的顶点式,因此坚持称 a 、m 、k 为抛物线的特征数,记作{,,}a m k ;请求出上述抛物线在尤同学眼中的特征数; 〔3〕同一个问题在上述两位同学眼中的特征数各不相同,为了让两人的研究保持一致,同组的董和谐将上述抛物线表述成:特征数为{,,}u v w 的抛物线沿平行于某轴方向平移某单位 后的图像,即此时的特征数{,,}u v w 无论按单思稿同学还是按尤恪星同学的理解做出的结果 是一样的,请你根据数学推理将董和谐的表述完整地写出来;〔4〕在直角坐标系XOY 中,上述〔1〕中的抛物线与x 轴交于A 、B 两点〔A 在B 的左 边〕,请直接写出△ABC 的重心坐标;26. 如图在△ABC 中,10AB BC ==,AC =D 为边AB 上一动点〔D 和A 、B不重合〕,过D 作DE ∥BC 交AC 于E ,并以DE 为边向BC 一侧作正方形DEFG ,设AD =x ,〔1〕请用x 的代数式表示正方形DEFG 的面积,并求出当边FG 落在BC 边上时的x 的值; 〔2〕设正方形DEFG 与△ABC 重合部分的面积为y ,求y 关于x 的函数与其定义域;〔3〕点D 在运动过程中,是否存在D 、G 、B 三点中的两点落在以第三点为圆心的圆上 的情况?若存在,请直接写出此时AD 的值,若不存在,则请说明理由;2014学年第一学期长宁区学习能力诊断卷初三数学 试卷〔时间100分钟 满分150分〕一. 选择题〔本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分〕1.如果两个相似三角形的面积比是1:6,那么它们的相似比是〔 〕A .1:36 B.1:6 C . 1:3 D . 1: 6 2. 在Rt △ABC 中,已知∠C =90°,AC =3,BC =4,那么∠A 的余弦值等于〔 〕A .35B . 45C . 34D . 433. 如图,点A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 、G 、H 、K 都是7×8方格纸中的格点,为使△DE M ∽△ABC 〔点D 和点A 对应,点B 和E 对应〕,则点M 对应是F 、G 、H 、K 四点中的〔 〕A . FB . GC . KD . H第3题图4. 已知两圆半径分别是3和4,若两圆内切,则两圆的圆心距为〔 〕A . 1或7B . 1C . 7D . 25. 抛物线22212,2,2y x y x y x ==-=共有的性质是〔 〕 A . 开口向下; B . 对称轴是y 轴C . 都有最低点D . y 的值随x 的增大而减小6. 如图,动点P 从点A 出发,沿线段AB 运动至点B 后,立即按原路返回,点P 在运动的过程中速度不变,则以点B 为圆心,线段B P 长为半径的圆的面积S 与点P 的运动时间t 之间的函数图象大致为图中的< >A .B .C .D .二. 填空题〔本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分〕7. 已知线段a =2c m,c =8c m,则线段a 、c 的比例中项是_________c m.8. 计算:3()3a b a --=_________.9. 已知⊙P 在直角坐标平面内,它的半径是5,圆心P 〔-3,4〕,则坐标原点O 与⊙P 的位置位置关系是_________.10. 如果圆心O 到直线l 的距离等于⊙O 的半径,那么直线l 和⊙O 的公共点有________个.11. 抛物线23(1)2y x =--+的顶点坐标是________.12.抛物线223y x =-向左移动3个单位后所得抛物线解析式是________.13. 已知二次函数227y x x =+-的一个函数值是8,那么对应自变量x 的值是_________.14. 已知二次函数2(1)2y ax a x =-+-,当x >1时,y 的值随x 的增大而增大,当x <1时,y 的值随x 的增大而减小,则实数a 的值为_________.15. 某企业今年第一月新产品的研发资金为100万元,以后每月新产品的研发资金与上月相比增长率都是x ,则该厂今年第三月新品研发资金y 〔元〕关于x 的函数关系式为y =_________.16. 如图所示,铁路的路基横断面都是等腰梯形,斜坡AB 的坡度为3,斜坡AB 的水平宽度BE =33m ,则斜坡AB =_________m.17. 如图,已知AD 是△ABC 的中线,G 是△ABC 的重心,联结BG 并延长交AC 于点E ,联结DE ,则S △ABC :S △GED 的值为_________.18. 如图,正方形ABCD 绕点A 逆时针旋转,得到正方形'''AB C D .当两个正方形重叠部分的面积是原正方形面积的14时,1sin '2B AD ∠ _________. 第16题图 第17题图 第18题图三. <本大题共7题,满分78分>19.〔本题满分10分〕计算:201(sin 30)(2015tan 45).sin 60cos60o o o o --+-- 20. 〔本题满分10分〕 如图,已知O 为△ABC 内的一点,点D 、E 分别在边AB 、AC 上,且11,.34AD AE DB AC ==设,,OB m OC n ==试用m 、n 表示DE .21. 〔本题满分10分〕如图,AB 是⊙O 的弦,点C 、D 在弦AB 上,且AD =BC ,联结OC 、OD .求证:△OCD 是等腰三角形.22. 〔本题满分10分〕如图,在△ABC 中,AD 是BC 上的高,点G 在AD 上,过点G 作BC 的平行线分别与AB 、AC 交于P 、Q 两点,过点P 作PE ⊥BC 于点E ,过点Q 作QF ⊥BC 于点F . 设AD =80,BC =120,当四边形PEFQ 为正方形时,试求正方形的边长.23. 〔本题满分12分〕如图,A 、B 两地之间有一座山,汽车原来从A 地到B 地须经C地沿折线A -C -B 行驶,现开通隧道后,汽车直接沿直线AB 行驶.已知AC =120千米,∠A =30°,∠B =135°,则隧道开通后,汽车从A地到B 地比原来少走多少千米?〔结果保留根号〕24. 〔本题满分12分〕如图,已知平面直角坐标平面上的△ABC ,AC =CB ,∠ACB =90°,且A 〔-1,0〕,B 〔m,n 〕C 〔3,0〕,若抛物线23y ax bx =+-经过A 、C 两点.(1) 求a 、b 的值(2) 将抛物线向上平移若干个单位得到的新抛物线恰好经过点B ,求新抛物线的解析式.(3) 设〔2〕中的新抛物线的顶点为P 点,Q 为新抛物线上P 点至B 点之间一点,以点Q 为圆心画圆,当⊙Q 与x 轴和直线BC 都相切时,联结PQ 、BQ ,求四边形ABQP 的面积.25. 〔本题满分14分〕如图,已知△ABC 是等边三角形,AB =4,D 是AC 边上一动点〔不与A 、C 重合〕,EF 垂直平分BD ,分别交AB 、BC 于点E 、F ,设CD =x ,AE =y .(1) 求证:△AED ∽△CDF ;(2) 求y 关于x 的函数关系式,并写出定义域;(3) 过点D 作DH ⊥AB ,垂足为点H ,当EH =1时,求线段CD 的长.F E D2014学年嘉定区九年级第一次质量调研数学试卷〔满分150分,考试时间100分钟〕考生注意:1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题;2.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效;3.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题:〔本大题共6题,每小题4分,满分24分〕[下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上.]1.对于抛物线2)2(-=x y ,下列说法正确的是〔▲〕〔A 〕顶点坐标是)0,2(;〔B 〕顶点坐标是)2,0(;〔C 〕顶点坐标是)0,2(-;〔D 〕顶点坐标是)2,0(-.2.已知二次函数bx ax y +=2的图像如图1所示,那么a 、b 的符号为〔▲〕〔A 〕0>a ,0>b ;〔B 〕0<a ,0>b ;〔C 〕0>a ,0<b ;〔D 〕0<a ,0<b .3.在Rt △ABC 中,︒=∠90C ,a 、b 、c 分别是A ∠、B ∠、C ∠的对边,下列等式中正确的是〔▲〕〔A 〕c a A =cos ;〔B 〕b c B =sin ;〔C 〕b a B =tan ;〔D 〕a b A =cot . 4.如图2,已知AB ∥CD ,AD 与BC 相交于点O , 2:1:=DO AO ,那么下列式子正确的是〔▲〕 〔A 〕2:1:=BC BO ;〔B 〕1:2:=AB CD ;〔C 〕2:1:=BC CO ;〔D 〕1:3:=DO AD . 5.已知非零向量a 、b 和c ,下列条件中,不能判定a ∥b 的是〔▲〕〔A 〕a =b 2-;〔B 〕c a =,c b 3=;〔C 〕c b a =+2,c b a -=-;〔D=.6.在△ABC 中,︒=∠90C ,cm AC 3=,cm BC 4=.以点A 为圆心,图1 AB C DO图2半径为cm 3的圆记作圆A ,以点B 为圆心,半径为cm 4的圆记作圆B ,则圆A 与圆B 的位置关系是〔▲〕〔A 〕外离;〔B 〕外切;〔C 〕相交;〔D 〕内切.二、填空题:〔本大题共12题,每小题4分,满分48分〕7.如果函数2)1(x a y -=是二次函数,那么a 的取值X 围是 ▲ .8.在平面直角坐标系中,如果把抛物线22+=x y 向上平移2个单位,那么所得抛物线的表达式为 ▲ .9.已知抛物线122-+=x x y 的对称轴为l ,如果点)0,3(-M 与点N 关于这条对称轴l 对称,那么点N 的坐标是 ▲ .10.请写出一个经过点)1,0(,且在对称轴右侧部分是下降的抛物线的表达式,这条抛物线的表达式可以是 ▲ .11.已知线段b 是线段a 、c 的比例中项,且1=a ,4=c ,那么=b ▲ .12.如果两个相似三角形的周长比为2:1,那么它们的对应中线的比为 ▲ .13.如图3,已知在平行四边形ABCD 中,点E 在边BC 上,射线AE 交DC 的延长线于点F ,2=AB ,EC BE 3=,那么DF 的长为 ▲ . 14.在△ABC 中,︒=∠90C ,1312sin =A ,12=BC ,那么=AC ▲ . 15.小杰在楼上点A 处看到楼下点B 处的小丽的俯角是︒36,那么点B 处的小丽看点A 处的小杰的仰角是 ▲ 度.16.正九边形的中心角等于 ▲ 度.17.如图4,AB 、AC 都是圆O 的弦,AB OM ⊥,AC ON ⊥,垂足分别为点M 、N ,如果6=BC ,那么=MN ▲ .18.在△ABC 中,9=AB ,5=AC ,AD 是BAC ∠的平分线交BC 于点D 〔如图5〕,△ABD 沿直线AD翻折后,点B 落到点1B 处,如果BAC DC B ∠=∠211,那么=BD ▲ . 三、解答题:〔本大题共7题,满分78分〕19.〔本题满分10分〕 计算:︒-+︒⋅︒+︒-45cos 21260tan 30cot 2130sin 1. N M O C B A 图4D F A B C D 图520.〔本题满分10分〕已知二次函数)0(22≠+-=m n x mx y 的图像经过点)1,2(-和)2,1(-,求这个二次函数的解析式,并求出它的图像的顶点坐标和对称轴.21.〔本题满分10分,每小题各5分〕如图6,已知AB 是圆O 的直径,10=AB ,弦CD 与AB 相交于点N ,︒=∠30ANC ,3:2:=AN ON ,CD OM ⊥,垂足为点M . 〔1〕求OM 的长;〔2〕求弦CD 的长. 22.〔本题满分10分,每小题各5分〕 如图7,某地下车库的入口处有斜坡AB ,它的坡度为2:1=i ,斜坡AB度为AH 〔BC AH ⊥〕,为了让行车更安全,现将斜坡的坡角改造为︒14〔图中的︒=∠14ACB 〕. 〔1〕求车库的高度AH ;〔2〕求点B 与点C 之间的距离〔结果精确到1米〕. 〔参考数据:24.014sin =︒,97.014cos =︒,25.014tan =︒,01.414cot =︒〕 23.〔本题满分12分,每小题各6分〕已知:如图8,在△ABC 中,点D 在边BC 上,且DAG BAC ∠=∠,BAD CDG ∠=∠.〔1〕求证:AC AG AB AD =; 〔2〕当BC GC ⊥时,求证:︒=∠90BAC .24.〔本题满分12分,每小题各4分〕如图9,在平面直角坐标系xoy 中,点A 坐标为)0,8(,点B 在y 轴的正半轴上,且34cot =∠OAB ,抛物线c bx x y ++-=241经过A 、B 两点. 〔1〕求b 、c 的值;〔2〕过点B 作OB CB ⊥,交这个抛物线于点C ,以点C为圆心,CB 为半径长的圆记作圆C ,以点A 为圆心,r为半径长的圆记作圆A .若圆C 与圆A 外切,求r 的值;〔3〕若点D 在这个抛物线上,△AOB 的面积是△OBD 面积的8倍,求点D 的坐标. 25.〔本题满分14分,其中第〔1〕小题4分,第〔2〕小题5分,第〔3〕小题5分〕已知在△ABC 中,8==AC AB ,4=BC ,点P 是边AC 上的一个动点,ABC APD ∠=∠,AD ∥BC ,联结DC .图8 B 图6 A BC H图7〔1〕如图10,如果DC ∥AB ,求AP 的长;〔2〕如图11,如果直线DC 与边BA 的延长线交于点E ,设x AP =,y AE =,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出它的定义域;〔3〕如图12,如果直线DC 与边BA 的反向延长线交于点F ,联结BP ,当△CPD 与△CBF 相似时,试判断线段BP 与线段CF 的数量关系,并说明你的理由.2014学年奉贤区调研测试 九年级数学2015.01 〔满分150分,考试时间100分钟〕 一、选择题:〔本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分〕[每小题只有一个正确选项,在答题纸的相应题号的选项上用2 B 铅笔填涂] 1.已知y x 23=,那么下列等式一定成立的是〔▲〕 A .3,2==y x ;B .23=y x ;C .32=y x ;D .023=+y x . 2.在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,BC =1,AC =2,则下列结论正确的是〔▲〕A .sin A =32;B .tan A =12; C .cos B =32; D .tan B =3. 3.抛物线221x y -=的图象向右平移2个单位长度后所得新的抛物线的顶点坐标为〔▲〕 A .<0,-2> ;B . <0,2>;C .<-2,0>;D .<2,0>.4.在直角坐标平面中,M 〔2,0〕,圆M 的半径为4 ,那么点P 〔-2,3〕与圆M 的位置关系是〔▲〕A .点P 在圆内;B .点P 在圆上;C .点P 在圆外;D .不能确定.5.一斜坡长为10米,高度为1米,那么坡比为〔▲〕A .1:3;B .1:31;C .1:10;D .1:1010. 6.在同圆或等圆中,下列说法错误的是〔▲〕A .相等弦所对的弧相等;B .相等弦所对的圆心角相等;C .相等圆心角所对的弧相等;D .相等圆心角所对的弦相等.二、填空题:〔本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分〕[请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置]7.若→a 与→e 方向相反且长度为3,那么→a =▲→e ;8.若α为锐角,已知cos α=21,那么tan α=▲; 9.△ABC 中,∠C =90°,G 为其重心,若CG =2,那么AB =▲; 10.一个矩形的周长为16,设其一边的长为x ,面积为S ,则S 关于x 的函数解析式是▲;A B C DP 图12 F AB C D P 图10 B A C D P图11 E <第15题图>11.如果抛物线12-+=mx x y 的顶点横坐标为1,那么m 的值为▲; 12.正n 边形的边长与半径的夹角为75°,那么n=▲; 13.相邻两边长的比值是黄金分割数的矩形,叫做黄金矩形,从外形上看,它最具美感,现在想要制作一X"黄金矩形〞的贺年卡,如果较长的一条边长等于20厘米,那么相邻一条边长等于▲厘米;14.已知抛物线经过点<5,-3>,其对称轴为直线x =4,则抛物线一定经过另一点的坐标是▲;15.如图,P 为平行四边形ABCD 边AD 上一点,E 、F 分别为PB 、PC 的中点,若△PEF 的面积为3,那么△PDC 与△PAB 的面积和等于▲;16.已知圆A 与圆B 内切,AB =10,圆A 半径为4,那么圆B 的半径为▲;17.已知抛物线2)1(2++=x a y 过〔0,y 1〕、〔3,y 2〕,若y 1> y 2,那么a 的取值X 围是▲;18.已知在△ABC 中,∠C=90o ,AC=3,BC=4.在平面内将△ABC 绕B 点旋转,点A 落到A ’,点C 落到C ’,若旋转后点C 的对应点C ’和点A 、点B 正好在同一直线上,那么∠A ’AC ’的正切值等于▲;三、解答题:〔本大题共7题,满分78分〕19.〔本题满分10分〕计算:︒-︒-︒︒60cot 2345tan 60sin 230sin 2 20.〔本题满分10分,第〔1〕小题满分7分,第〔2〕小题满分3分〕一个弓形桥洞截面示意图如图所示,圆心为O ,弦AB 是水底线,OC ⊥AB ,AB =24m ,sin ∠COB =1312,DE 是水位线,DE ∥AB . 〔1〕当水位线DE =304m 时,求此时的水深;〔2〕若水位线以一定的速度下降,当水深8m 时,求此时∠ACD 的余切值.21.〔本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分〕如图,在△ABC 中,AB=AC =12,DC =4,过点C 作CE ∥AB 交BD 的延长线于点E ,→→→→==b BC a AB ,,〔1〕求→BE 〔用向量a 、b 的式子表示〕;<2〕求作向量→→+AC BD 21〔不要求写作法,但要指出所 作图中表示结论的向量〕. 22.〔本题满分10分〕在某反潜演习中,我军舰A 测得潜艇C 的俯角为300,位于军舰A 正上方2000米的反潜直升机B 测得潜艇C 的俯角为680,试根据以上数据求出潜艇C 离开海平面的下潜深度.〔结果保留整数.参考数据:sin680≈0.9,cos680≈0.4,tan680≈2.5,3≈1.7>23.〔本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分〕 如图,在四边形ABCD 中,∠B =∠ACD ,过D 作AC ∥DE 交BC 的延长线于点E ,且2CD AC DE =⋅第20题图 B 第22题图B 第21题图 A D EC B A。
【最新】上海市徐汇区中考一模英语试卷含答案

徐汇区2015年度第一学期初三质量调研试卷初三英语试卷 .1Part 1 Listening(第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension(听力理解)(共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片):(共6分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7. A) At 3 o’clock.o’clock.B) At 6 o’clock C) At 9 o’clock.D) At 108. A) Sweet.9. A) In a zoo.store.B) Bitter.B) In a restaurant.C) Sour. D) Spicy.D) In aC) In a hospital.10. A) 200 yuan.2200 yuan.11. A) Her Mom.God.B) 1800 yuan.B) Her elder brother.C) 2000 yuan. D)D)C) Her roommate.12. A) Enjoy beautiful scenery.C) Take a walk around.13. A) A great concert they attended.seats.B) Eat delicious food.D) Ride a bike.B) The advantages of goodC) A famous band. D) Their favorite songs.14. A) The problem was probably caused by a storm.B) The m an’s work can be done without the power.C) The electric company is now working on the problem.D) The problem can’t be solved in a very short time.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are trueor false(判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容,符合的用“ A”表示,不符合的用“ B”表示):(共6分)15. Three small fish stayed together all the time with their parents.16. One day the three fish were stuck in a small corner in shallow water.17. None of the fish realized the danger at first and swam happily.18. It seemed impossible for the fish to jump over the boat and return to the sea.19. All the three fish finally succeeded in jumping over the boat and survived.20. The story tells us that a friend in need is a friend indeed.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences(听短文,完成下列内容。
2015上海高考徐汇数学一模参考答案

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徐汇区2015年初三语文一模试题(附答案)

徐汇区2015年初三语文一模试题(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)2015.1一、文言文(39分)(一)默写(15分)1.学而不思则罔,____________________。
(《孔孟论学》)2. ____________________,五十弦翻塞外声。
(《破阵子﹒为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》辛弃疾)3. ____________________,千里暮云平。
(《观猎》王维)4.僵卧孤村不自哀,____________________。
(《十一月四日风雨大作》陆游)5. ____________________,锦鳞游泳。
(《岳阳楼记》范仲淹)(二)阅读下面的元曲,完成第6—7题(4分)四块玉﹒别情自送别,心难舍,一点相思几时绝?凭阑袖拂杨花雪。
溪又斜,山又遮,人去也!6.本首小令的作者是______________(2分)7.下列理解不恰当的一项是()(2分)A.本首小令抒写了女子心中哀婉凄绝,缠绵悱恻的离情别绪。
B.小令中一个“拂”字表达了女子目送恋人身影远去的依依不舍。
C.作者用“杨花”、“斜”、“山”构成多种障碍,写出了难以见到恋人的绝望。
D.“一点相思几时绝”是全篇中心,强调了离别的缠绵之情。
(三)阅读下面选文,完成第8—10题(8分)若夫日出而林霏开,云归而岩穴暝,晦明变化者,山间之朝暮也。
野芳发而幽香,佳木秀而繁阴,风霜高洁,水落而石出者,山间之四时也。
朝而往,暮而归,四时之景不同,而乐亦无穷也。
至于负者歌于途,行者休于树,前者呼,后者应,伛偻提携,往来而不绝者,滁人游也。
临溪而渔,溪深而鱼肥,酿泉为酒,泉香而酒洌,山肴野蔌,杂然而前陈者,太守宴也。
宴酣之乐,非丝非竹,射者中,弈者胜,觥筹交错,起坐而喧哗者,众宾欢也。
苍颜白发,颓然乎其间者,太守醉也。
已而夕阳在山,人影散乱,太守归而宾客从也。
树林阴翳,鸣声上下,游人去而禽鸟乐也。
然而禽鸟知山林之乐,而不知人之乐;人知从太守游而乐,而不知太守之乐其乐也。
上海市徐汇区2015年中考化学一模(即期末)试题

上海市徐汇区2015年中考化学一模(即期末)试题(90分钟完成 满分100分)相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Si-28 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40一、选择题(只有一个正确答案)(共30分)1.不会造成空气污染的物质是A .PM2.5B .一氧化碳C .氮气D .二氧化硫2.下列变化属于化学变化的是A .湿衣晾干B .镁带燃烧C .石蜡熔化D .橙子榨汁3.氧化铟锡是制触摸屏的重要材料,它由氧化锡和氧化铟熔融而成。
氧化铟(In 2O 3)中,铟元素(In )的化合价为A .0B .+3C .+2D .+64.属于纯净物的是A .食醋B .海水C .液态氧D .洁净的空气5.下列化学用语表示正确的是A.2个氢分子—2HB.3个氧原子—O 3C.水分子—22O HD.+1价钠元素—1N a6.能与水混合,充分振荡后可得到溶液的物质是A .奶粉B .蔗糖C .植物油D .冰块7.图示实验操作中正确的是A .取少量液体B .闻气体气味C .点燃酒精灯D .给液体加热8.关于空气的说法正确的是A .空气是由空气分子构成的B .空气中的氮气、氧气经混合,它们的化学性质都已改变C .分离液态空气法制氧气属于分解反应D .空气是由氮气、氧气等组成的混合物 9.下图所示是生活中一些常见物质的pH ,根据图示判断,下列说法正确的是A .酱油呈碱性B .牙膏呈酸性C .胃酸过多的人可多喝玉米粥D .西瓜汁的酸性要比苹果汁的酸性强10.在氧气中燃烧,产生明亮的蓝紫色火焰,且有刺激性气味的气体产生的是A .木炭B .甲烷C .硫D .红磷11.下列化学方程式书写正确的是A .H 2+ O 2 H2OB .H2SO4+NaOH →NaSO4+H2OC.CuSO4+2NaOH→Cu(OH)2+2H2O D.2KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑12.霓虹灯让我们的生活亮丽多彩,霓虹灯中填充的气体是A.氧气 B.氮气 C.稀有气体 D.二氧化碳13.物质的性质决定用途。
2015年徐汇高三一模(理)

2014学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三年级数学学科(理科)2015.1一.填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题,考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内 直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得0分.1.已知3sin 5θ=-,则cos 2θ= .2.若实数,x y 满足4xy =,则224x y +的最小值为 .3.设i 是虚数单位,复数z 满足(2)5i z +⋅=,则z = .4.函数2()2(0)f x x x =-<的反函数1()f x -= .5.若抛物线22y px =的焦点与双曲线2213y x -=的右焦点重合,则该抛物线的准线方程为 . 6.若正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -的底面边长为2,高为4,则异面直线1BD与AD 所成角的大小 是______________.(结果用反三角函数值表示) 7.设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,若11a =,*110()2n n S a n N +-=∈,则{}n a 的通项公式为 .8.若全集U R =,不等式11111x x+≥-的解集为A ,则U A C = .9.已知圆22:(1)(1)2C x y -+-=,方向向量(1,1)d = 的直线l 过点(0,4)P ,则圆C 上的点到直线l 的距离的最大值为 .10.如图:在梯形ABCD 中,//AD BC 且12AD BC =,AC 与 BD 相交于O ,设A B a = ,D C b = ,用,a b表示BO ,则BO = .11.已知函数()2sin(2)6f x x π=+,将()y f x =的图像向左平移ϕ(0ϕπ<<)个单位后得到函数()y g x =的图像.若()y g x =的图像上各最高点到点(0,3)的距离的最小值为1,则ϕ的值为 .12.已知函数222111()1()()(1)2222015n n n f x x n =+++++++ ,其中*n N ∈. 当12 3 n = ,,,时,()n f x 的零点依次记作123 x x x ,,,,则lim n n x →∞= .13.在平面直角坐标系中,对于函数()y f x =的图像上不重合的两点,A B ,若,A B 关于原点对称,则称点对(),A B 是函数()y f x =的一组“奇点对”(规定(),A B 与(),B A 是相同的“奇点对”).函数()()()1lg 01sin 02x xf x x x ⎧>⎪⎪=⎨⎪<⎪⎩的“奇点对”的组数是 .14.设集合(){}{}12310,,,,|1,0,1,1,2,3,,10iA x x x x x i =∈-= ,则集合A 中满足条件“1231019x x x x ≤++++≤ ”的元素个数为 .二.选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在 答题纸的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得0分.15. “14a ≥”是“实系数一元二次方程20x x a ++=有虚数根”的( )(A )充分非必要条件 (B )必要非充分条件 (C )充分必要条件 (D )既非充分又非必要条件16.已知m 和n 是两条不同的直线,α和β是两个不重合的平面,则下列给出的条件中一定 能推出m β⊥的是 ( )(A )αβ⊥且m α⊂≠(B )αβ⊥且α//m(C )n m //且n β⊥ (D )m n ⊥且//n β17.某电商在“双十一”期间用电子支付系统进行商品买卖,全部商品共有n 类*()n N∈,分别编号为1,2,,n ,买家共有m 名*(,)m N m n ∈<,分别编号为1,2,,m . 若1,1,10,ij i j a i m j n i j ⎧=≤≤≤≤⎨⎩第名买家购买第类商品第名买家不购买第类商品,则同时购买第1类和 第2类商品的人数是( )(A )1112121222m m a a a a a a +++++++ (B )1121112222m m a a a a a a +++++++ (C )1112212212m m a a a a a a +++ (D )1121122212m m a a a a a a +++ 18.对于方程为||1x +||1y =1的曲线C 给出以下三个命题:(1)曲线C 关于原点中心对称;(2)曲线C 既关于x 轴对称,也关于y 轴对称,且x 轴和y 轴是曲线C 仅有的两条对称轴;(3)若分别在第一、第二、第三、第四象限的点M,N,P,Q 都在曲线C 上,则四边形MNPQ 每一条边的边长都大于2.其中正确的命题是( )(A)(1)(2) (B)(1)(3) (C)(2)(3) (D)(1)(2)(3)三.解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.(本题满分12分) 本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分8分.已知函数R x x A x f ∈+=),4sin()(π,且23)125(=πf . (1)求A 的值; (2)若23)()(=-+θθf f ,)2,0(πθ∈,求)43(θπ-f .20.(本题满分14分) 本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.已知函数()22()x xf x k k R -=+⋅∈.(1)若函数()f x 为奇函数,求k 的值;(2)若函数()f x 在(],2-∞上为减函数,求k 的取值范围.21.(本题满分14分) 本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分8分,第2小题满分6分.如图所示,某传动装置由两个陀螺12,T T 组成,陀螺之间没有滑动.每个陀螺都由具有公共轴的圆锥和圆柱 两个部分构成,每个圆柱的底面半径和高都是相应圆锥底面半径的13,且12,T T 的轴相互垂直,它们相接触的 直线与2T 的轴所成角2arctan 3θ=.若陀螺2T 中圆锥的底面半径为()0r r >. (1)求陀螺2T 的体积;(2)当陀螺2T 转动一圈时,陀螺1T 中圆锥底面圆周上一点P 转动到点1P ,求P 与1P 之间的距离.22.(本题满分16分) 本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分6分.已知椭圆222:1x y a γ+=(常数1a >)的左顶点为R ,点(,1),(,1A a B a -,O 为坐标原点.(1)若P 是椭圆γ上任意一点,OP mOA nOB =+ ,求22m n +的值;(2)设Q 是椭圆γ上任意一点,()3,0S a ,求QS QR ⋅的取值范围;(3)设1122(,),(,)M x y N x y 是椭圆γ上的两个动点,满足OMON OA OB k k k k ⋅=⋅,试探究OMN ∆的面积是否为定值,说明理由.23.(本题满分18分) 本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.已知有穷数列}{n a 各项均不相等....,将}{n a 的项从大到小重新排序后相应的项数.....构成新数列}{n p , 称}{n p 为}{n a 的“序数列”.例如数列:321,,a a a 满足231a a a >>,则其序数列}{n p 为2,3,1. (1)写出公差为(0)d d ≠的等差数列12,,,n a a a L 的序数列}{n p ;(2)若项数不少于5项的有穷数列}{n b 、}{n c 的通项公式分别是n n n b )53(⋅=(*n N ∈),tn n c n +-=2(*n N ∈),且}{n b 的序数列与}{n c 的序数列相同,求实数t 的取值范围;(3)若有穷数列}{n d 满足11=d ,n n n d d )21(||1=-+*()n N ∈,且}{12-n d 的序数列单调递减,}{2n d 的序数列单调递增,求数列}{n d 的通项公式.理科参考答案一、 填空题:(每题4分)1.7252. 163. 54. 2(2)x x -+>-5. 2x =-6. arctan 57. 2*1,123,2,n n n a n n N-=⎧=⎨⋅≥∈⎩ 8. (]1,0- 9. 32 10. 4233a b -+r r 11. 6π 12. 3- 13. 3 14. 58024二、 选择题:(每题5分) 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B三、 解答题19、解:(1)553()sin()121242f A πππ=+=,3322A ⋅=……………………..2’ 3A ∴=; ……………………..4’(2)3()()3sin()3sin()442f f +-=++-+=ππθθθθ,2233[(sin cos )(sin cos )]222∴++-+=θθθθ,……………………..6’36cos 2∴=θ,6cos 4=θ,……………………..8’又)2,0(πθ∈,210sin 1cos 4∴=-=θθ, ……………………..10’ )43(θπ-f 303sin()3sin 4=-==πθθ.……………………..12’20、解:(1)()()(1)(22)0x xf x f x k -+-=++=对一切的x R ∈成立,……………………..4’ 所以1k =-……………………..6’(2)若0k ≤,则函数()f x 在(],2-∞单调递增(舍)……………………..8’当0k >时,令(]20,4x t=∈,……………………..9’ 则函数()kg t t t=+在(]0,4上单调递减……………………..10’所以4k ≥,……………………..13’ 即16k ≥……………………..14’21、解:(1)设陀螺2T 圆锥的高为h ,则23r h =,即32h r =……………………..2’得陀螺2T 圆柱的底面半径和高为3r ……………………..3’ 231=3327r r V r ππ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭柱……………………..5’23131=322V r r r ππ= 椎……………………..7’ 232954T V V V r π=+=柱椎……………………..8’(2)设陀螺1T 圆锥底面圆心为O ,则 12PP r π=,…………………..10’ 得 1124332PP r POP OP r ππ∠===…………..12’ 在1POP ∆中,13332PP OP r ==………..14’ 22、解:(1)(),OP mOA nOB ma na m n =+=-+,得(),P ma na m n -+……………………..2’()()221m n m n -++=,即2212m n +=……………………..4’(2)设(),Q x y ,则()()3,,QS QR a x y a x y ⋅=-----()()()()222331x x a x a y x a x a a=-++=-++-……………………..5’22221213a x ax a a-=-+-()22342222144111a a a a x a x a a a a ⎛⎫--+=---≤≤ ⎪--⎝⎭……………………..6’ 由1a >,得321a a a >-……………………..7’ ∴ 当x a =-时,QS QR ⋅最大值为0;……………………..8’当x a =时,QS QR ⋅ 最小值为24a -;……………………..9’ 即QS QR ⋅ 的取值范围为24,0a ⎡⎤-⎣⎦……………………..10’ (3)(解法一)由条件得,122121y y x x a=-,……………………..11’平方得224222222121212()()x x a y y a x a x ==--,即22212x x a +=……………………..12’122112OMN S x y x y ∆=-……………………..13’ 222212*********x y x y x x y y =+-=22222221121222221(1)(1)2x x x x x x a a a -+-+ 2212122a x x =+=……………………..15’ 故OMN ∆的面积为定值2a ……………………..16’(解法二)①当直线MN 的斜率不存在时,易得OMN ∆的面积为2a……………………..11’②当直线MN 的斜率存在时,设直线MN 的方程为y kx t =+()()22222222211210x y a k x kta x a t ay kx t ⎧+=⎪⇒+++-=⎨⎪=+⎩……………………..12’ 由1122(,),(,)M x y N x y ,可得()2221212222212,11a t kta x x x x a k a k--+==++, ()()()2222212121212221t a k y y kx t kx t k x x kt x x x t a k-=++=+++=+ 又122121OM ON y y k k x x a⋅==-,可得22221t a k =+……………………..13’因为2121MN k x x =+⋅-,……………………..14’ 点O 到直线MN 的距离21t dk=+……………………..15’12122OMNt S MN d x x ∆=⋅⋅=⋅-()2121242t x x x x =⋅+-()()222222241221a a k t t aa k +-=⋅=+ 综上:OMN ∆的面积为定值2a……………………..16’ 23、解:(1)当0>d 时,序数列}{n p 为,1,,2,1n n -L ;……………………..2’ 当0<d 时,序数列}{n p 为1,2,,1,n n -L ……………………..4’(2)因为523)53(1nb b n n n -⋅=-+,……………………..5’当1=n 时,易得12b b >,当2≥n 时,n n b b <+1,又因531=b ,33)53(3⋅=b ,44)53(4⋅=b ,314b b b <<,即2314n b b b b b >>>>>L ,故数列}{n b 的序数列为2,3,1,4,,n L ,……………………..8’所以对于数列}{n c 有2522<<t ,解得:54<<t ……………………..10’(3)由于}{12-n d 的序数列单调递减,因此}{12-n d 是递增数列,故01212>--+n n d d ,于是0)()(122212>-+--+n n n n d d d d ,而122)21()21(-<n n ,所以||||122212-+-<-n n n n d d d d ,从而0122>--n n d d ,122121222)1()21(----==-n nn n n d d (1) ……………………..12’ 因为}{2n d 的序数列单调递增,所以}{2n d 是递减数列,同理可得0212<-+n n d d ,故21221221(1)()22n n n n nd d ++--=-= (2) ……………………..14’由(1)(2)得:nn n n d d 2)1(11++-=-……………………..15’ 于是 )()()(123121--++-+-+=n n n d d d d d d d d ……………………..16’122)1(21211--++-+=n n211)21(12111+--⋅+=-n ……………………..17’12)1(3134--⋅+=n n 即数列}{n d 的通项公式为12)1(3134--⋅+=n n n d (*n N ∈)……………………..18’。
2015年徐汇区中考英语一模卷详解

2015年徐汇区中考英语一模卷Part 1 ListeningI.Listening ComprehensionA.Listen and choose the right picture1. Tim didn’t do well in the exam and he was so afraid to take the school report back home.2. Giving the seats to the old on buses is what the young should learn to do.3. Trained dogs can do a lot to help the blind people and make their life much easier.4. How relaxing and enjoyable it is to take a hot bath after a long tiring day.5. The magic show was amazing. It was surprising to see a bird coming out of an empty hat.6. Jack felt so proud to be asked to read his story in front of the whole class.B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear7. M: Hello! Can I speak to Mr. Anderson now?W: Sorry. He is having a meeting at th e moment. It won’t be over until 1:30. Can you call again at 2:00?M: 2 o’clock? Sure.Q: When will the man call Mr. Anderson again?8. M: Hey, Amy! You know, Sally has a very clever sister.W: Yeah, I know! Tina can speak 3 different languages. She is only 6 years old. Can you believe that?Q: Who is very clever?9. W: Would you like to try some iced coffee? It’s our customer’s best choice.M: No, thanks. Just a cup of tea, please.Q: What would the man like to drink?10. M: I can’t find the key to the ca r. I am afraid we have to take the bus to work today.W: I’d rather take the underground. It’s much faster.Q: How will the woman probably go to work today?11. W: Look at John’s timetable. He has got so many things to do after work every night.M: Teach computer every Monday and Thursday, do volunteer work every Tuesday and Friday and study French every weekend. No wonder he seems so busy.Q: How often does John do volunteer work?12. W: I am going to London this winter holiday. I can’t wait to go to the British Museum andtake a city tour on the famous red double-decker bus.M: Why not watch a football match? It’s more exciting. And probably you should know that the weather in England sometimes can be changeable.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?13. W: I want to report a theft, sir. Someone has stolen my handbag. My passport is in it.M: Madam, take it easy! Please sit down and tell me what has happened.Q: Where does this dialogue probably take place?14. W: Everybody says that Professor Tayl or’s class is wonderful. Does he have some magic power?M: Don’t you know that he never does a lot of talking or asks his students to do a lot of exercises? Students work on i-Pads by themselves. We all like the way he teaches.Q: Why do students like Pro fessor Taylor’s class?C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or falseI have a love-hate feeling with 8 o’clock classes. I like to get started that early, but most students don’t. They usually came in late and looked s leepy at that hour.One day I was really angry at it. I was excited about the history lesson, but no one else seemed to be. I wrote things on the blackboard. I moved around the classroom. I told stories. I tried my best to make the class interesting. It wa s useless. Their looks didn’t seem to change. I became so disappointed and even forgot to keep time. I was going to talk more when I looked down at my watch. It was already two minutes past the end of class. So I just ended suddenly and soon the students began to pick up their schoolbags and rushed out of the door on their way to another class.While I was watching them leaving, I put away my own books and notes. I was tired and a bit sad. I had tried hard to put everything I knew into that class but it had not seemed to work. Then, as I started across the hall back to my office, a student named Randy came out of the back door of the classroom and caught up with me.With his eyes shining, Randy said, “This is the first time I’ve not wanted a college class to end.” After hearing his words, all my tiredness lifted. I had done better than I thought. I don’t know if Randy will ever understand how much he did for me that day.D.Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentencesIn this week’s Students Around The World, Young Min Kim interviews an American university student, Lisa Conroy.M: Thanks for talking with me today, Lisa. Tell us a little about yourself.W: Well, I am twenty-one, and I am a junior at a university in Chicago.M: How are you paying for your college education?W: The cost for every term are almost $15,000. At the start of each term my parents pay the $10,000. I also get $2,000 from my college. I have to earn the rest by myself.M: How do you do that?W: I have a part-time job at a hotel. I work about twenty hours a week, and then earn $400. M: How do you spend that money?W: It helps to pay for my meals at college and also things like my mobile phone, books, transportation, and clothes.M: You don’t have much money for fun, do you?W: That’s true! My mother told me to have a good plan, so I don’t have to borrow. I hardly ever go to the movies.M: How else do you save money?W: I don’t go to restaurants. I cook with my roommates so it’s cheaper to eat. I try to walk or ride my bike to college. Oh, and you can find some very cheap and nice clothes in second-hand shops. I buy a lot of my clothes there.M: Thank you for sharing with us the way you manage your money.A.Listen and choose the right picture(2.1/听力·能获取重要的事实信息)1. E2. F3. A4. C5. G6. HB.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear7. C(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.1/听力·能获取重要的事实信息)8. B(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.1/听力·能获取重要的事实信息)9. D(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.1/听力·能获取重要的事实信息)10. B(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.1/听力·能获取重要的事实信息)11. C(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.2/听力·能理解话语中隐含的意思)12. A(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.3/听力·能归纳话语的主旨大意)13. C(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.2/听力·能理解话语中隐含的意思)14. D(1.4/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能)(2.2/听力·能理解话语中隐含的意思)C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(2.1/听力·能获取重要的事实信息)15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. AD.Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences(2.1/听力·能获取重要的事实信息)21. a university 22. twenty hours 23. pay for 24. hardly ever25. cheap; nicePart 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and GrammarII.Choose the best answer26. B 【解析】(1.1/语言基础知识·能在具体语境中正确识别和理解不同语音所表示的意义)本题考查音标。
上海市徐汇区2014-2015学年高三第一学期一模数学理试卷含答案

2014学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三年级数学学科(理科)2015.1一.填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题,考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得0分.1.已知3sin 5θ=-,则cos 2θ=__ ___.2.若实数,x y 满足4xy =,则224x y +的最小值为 . 3.设i 是虚数单位,复数z 满足(2)5i z +⋅=,则z = . 4.函数2()2(0)f x x x =-<的反函数1()f x -= .5.若抛物线22y px =的焦点与双曲线2213y x -=的右焦点重合,则该抛物线的准线方程为 .6.若正四棱柱1111ABCD A BC D -的底面边长为2,高为4,则异面直线1BD 与AD 所成角的大小是______________.(结果用反三角函数值表示) 7.设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,若11a =,*110()2n n S a n N +-=∈,则{}n a 的通项公式为 .8.若全集U R =,不等式11111x x+≥-的解集为A ,则U A C = .9.已知圆22:(1)(1)2C x y -+-=,方向向量(1,1)d =的直线l 过点(0,4)P ,则圆C 上的点到直线l 的距离的最大值为 .10.如图:在梯形ABCD 中,//AD BC 且12AD BC =,AC 与 BD 相交于O ,设A B a =,D C b =,用,a b 表示BO ,则BO = .11.已知函数()2sin(2)6f x x π=+,将()y f x =的图像向左平移ϕ(0ϕπ<<)个单位后得到函数()y g x =的图像.若()y g x =的图像上各最高点到点(0,3)的距离的最小值为1,则ϕ的值为 .12.已知函数222111()1()()(1)2222015n n n f x x n =+++++++,其中*n N ∈. 当1 2 3 n =,,,时,()n f x 的零点依次记作123 x x x ,,,,则lim n n x →∞= .13.在平面直角坐标系中,对于函数()y f x =的图像上不重合的两点,A B ,若,A B 关于原点对称,则称点对(),A B 是函数()y f x =的一组“奇点对”(规定(),A B 与(),B A 是相同的“奇点对”).函数()()()1lg 01sin 02x xf x x x ⎧>⎪⎪=⎨⎪<⎪⎩的“奇点对”的组数是 .14.设集合(){}{}12310,,,,|1,0,1,1,2,3,,10i A x x x x x i =∈-=,则集合A 中满足条件“1231019x x x x ≤++++≤”的元素个数为 .二.选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题纸的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得0分.15. “14a ≥”是“实系数一元二次方程20x x a ++=有虚数根”的( )(A )充分非必要条件 (B )必要非充分条件(C )充分必要条件 (D )既非充分又非必要条件16.已知m 和n 是两条不同的直线,α和β是两个不重合的平面,则下列给出的条件中一定能推出m β⊥的是 ( )(A )αβ⊥且m α⊂≠(B )αβ⊥且α//m(C )n m //且n β⊥ (D )m n ⊥且//n β17.某电商在“双十一”期间用电子支付系统进行商品买卖,全部商品共有n 类*()n N ∈,分别编号为1,2,,n ,买家共有m 名*(,)m N m n ∈<,分别编号为1,2,,m .若1,1,10,ij i j a i m j n i j ⎧=≤≤≤≤⎨⎩第名买家购买第类商品第名买家不购买第类商品,则同时购买第1类和第2类商品的人数是( ) (A )1112121222m m a a a a a a +++++++(B )1121112222m m a a a a a a +++++++(C )1112212212m m a a a a a a +++ (D )1121122212m m a a a a a a +++18.对于方程为||1x +||1y =1的曲线C 给出以下三个命题: (1)曲线C 关于原点中心对称;(2)曲线C 既关于x 轴对称,也关于y 轴对称,且x 轴和y 轴是曲线C 仅有的两条对称轴; (3)若分别在第一、第二、第三、第四象限的点M,N,P,Q 都在曲线C 上,则四边形MNPQ 每一条边的边长都大于2.其中正确的命题是( ) (A)(1)(2) (B)(1)(3) (C)(2)(3) (D)(1)(2)(3)三.解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.(本题满分12分) 本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分8分. 已知函数R x x A x f ∈+=),4sin()(π,且23)125(=πf . (1)求A 的值;(2)若23)()(=-+θθf f ,)2,0(πθ∈,求)43(θπ-f .20.(本题满分14分) 本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分. 已知函数()22()x x f x k k R -=+⋅∈.(1)若函数()f x 为奇函数,求k 的值;(2)若函数()f x 在(],2-∞上为减函数,求k 的取值范围.21.(本题满分14分) 本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分8分,第2小题满分6分.如图所示,某传动装置由两个陀螺12,T T 组成,陀螺之间没有滑动.每个陀螺都由具有公共轴的圆锥和圆柱两个部分构成,每个圆柱的底面半径和高都是相应圆锥底面半径的13,且12,T T 的轴相互垂直,它们相接触的直线与2T 的轴所成角2arctan3θ=.若陀螺2T 中圆锥的底面半径为()0r r >.(1)求陀螺2T 的体积;(2)当陀螺2T 转动一圈时,陀螺1T 中圆锥底面圆周上一点P 转动到点1P ,求P 与1P 之间的距离.22.(本题满分16分) 本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分6分.已知椭圆222:1x y aγ+=(常数1a >)的左顶点为R ,点(,1),(,1)A a B a -,O 为坐标原点.(1)若P 是椭圆γ上任意一点,OP mOA nOB =+,求22m n +的值; (2)设Q 是椭圆γ上任意一点,()3,0S a ,求QS QR ⋅的取值范围;(3)设1122(,),(,)M x y N x y 是椭圆γ上的两个动点,满足OM ON OA OB k k k k ⋅=⋅,试探究OMN ∆的面积是否为定值,说明理由.23.(本题满分18分) 本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.已知有穷数列}{n a 各项均不相等....,将}{n a 的项从大到小重新排序后相应的项数.....构成新数列}{n p ,称}{n p 为}{n a 的“序数列”.例如数列:321,,a a a 满足231a a a >>,则其序数列}{n p 为2,3,1. (1)写出公差为(0)d d ≠的等差数列12,,,n a a a L 的序数列}{n p ;(2)若项数不少于5项的有穷数列}{n b 、}{n c 的通项公式分别是nn n b )53(⋅=(*n N ∈),tn n c n +-=2(*n N ∈),且}{n b 的序数列与}{n c 的序数列相同,求实数t 的取值范围;(3)若有穷数列}{n d 满足11=d ,nn n d d )21(||1=-+*()n N ∈,且}{12-n d 的序数列单调递减,}{2n d 的序数列单调递增,求数列}{n d 的通项公式.理科参考答案一、填空题:(每题4分)1.7252. 163.4. 2)x >-5. 2x =-6. 7. 2*1,123,2,n n n a n n N -=⎧=⎨⋅≥∈⎩8. (]1,0- 9. 10. 4233a b -+r r 11. 6π12. 3- 13. 3 14. 58024二、选择题:(每题5分)15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B三、解答题19、解:(1)553()sin()121242f A πππ=+=,322A ⋅=……………………..2’A ∴=; ……………………..4’(2)3()()))42f f +-=+-+=ππθθθθ,3cos )sin cos )]2+-+=θθθθ,……………………..6’32=θ,cos =θ,……………………..8’又)2,0(πθ∈,sin ∴==θ, ……………………..10’)43(θπ-f )=-==πθθ.……………………..12’20、解:(1)()()(1)(22)0x x f x f x k -+-=++=对一切的x R ∈成立,……………………..4’ 所以1k =-……………………..6’(2)若0k ≤,则函数()f x 在(],2-∞单调递增(舍)……………………..8’当0k >时,令(]20,4xt =∈,……………………..9’则函数()kg t t t=+在(]0,4上单调递减……………………..10’4≥,……………………..13’ 即16k ≥……………………..14’ 21、解:(1)设陀螺2T 圆锥的高为h ,则23r h =,即32h r =……………………..2’得陀螺2T 圆柱的底面半径和高为3r……………………..3’ 231=3327r r V r ππ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭柱……………………..5’23131=322V r r r ππ=椎……………………..7’232954T V V V r π=+=柱椎……………………..8’(2)设陀螺1T 圆锥底面圆心为O ,则12PP r π=,……………………..10’得1124332PP r POP OP r ππ∠===……………………..12’ 在1POP ∆中,12PPr ==……………………..14’ 22、解:(1)(),OP mOA nOB ma na m n =+=-+, 得(),P ma na m n -+……………………..2’()()221m n m n -++=,即2212m n +=……………………..4’ (2)设(),Q x y ,则()()3,,QS QR a x y a x y ⋅=-----()()()()222331x x a x a y x a x a a=-++=-++-……………………..5’22221213a x ax a a-=-+-()22342222144111a a a a x a x a a a a ⎛⎫--+=---≤≤ ⎪--⎝⎭……………………..6’ 由1a >,得321a a a >-……………………..7’ ∴ 当x a =-时,QS QR ⋅最大值为0;……………………..8’当x a =时,QS QR ⋅最小值为24a -;……………………..9’即QS QR ⋅的取值范围为24,0a ⎡⎤-⎣⎦……………………..10’(3)(解法一)由条件得,122121y y x x a=-,……………………..11’ 平方得224222222121212()()x x a y y a x a x ==--,即22212x x a +=……………………..12’122112OMN S x y x y ∆=-……………………..13’=2a==……………………..15’ 故OMN ∆的面积为定值2a……………………..16’(解法二)①当直线MN 的斜率不存在时,易得OMN ∆的面积为2a……………………..11’ ②当直线MN 的斜率存在时,设直线MN 的方程为y kx t =+()()22222222211210x y a k x kta x a t ay kx t ⎧+=⎪⇒+++-=⎨⎪=+⎩……………………..12’ 由1122(,),(,)M x y N x y ,可得()2221212222212,11a t kta x x x x a k a k --+==++, ()()()2222212121212221t a k y y kx t kx t k x x kt x x x t a k -=++=+++=+又122121OM ON y y k k x x a⋅==-,可得22221t a k =+……………………..13’因为12MN x x =-,……………………..14’ 点O 到直线MN的距离d =……………………..15’12122OMNt S MN d x x ∆=⋅⋅=⋅-2t =22t a==综上:OMN ∆的面积为定值2a……………………..16’ 23、解:(1)当0>d 时,序数列}{n p 为,1,,2,1n n -L ;……………………..2’ 当0<d 时,序数列}{n p 为1,2,,1,n n -L ……………………..4’ (2)因为523)53(1nb b nn n -⋅=-+,……………………..5’当1=n 时,易得12b b >,当2≥n 时,n n b b <+1, 又因531=b ,33)53(3⋅=b ,44)53(4⋅=b ,314b b b <<, 即2314n b b b b b >>>>>L ,故数列}{n b 的序数列为2,3,1,4,,n L ,……………………..8’ 所以对于数列}{n c 有2522<<t , 解得:54<<t ……………………..10’(3)由于}{12-n d 的序数列单调递减,因此}{12-n d 是递增数列,故01212>--+n n d d ,于是0)()(122212>-+--+n n n n d d d d ,而122)21()21(-<n n,所以||||122212-+-<-n n n n d d d d ,从而0122>--n n d d , 122121222)1()21(----==-n n n n n d d (1) ……………………..12’ 因为}{2n d 的序数列单调递增,所以}{2n d 是递减数列,同理可得0212<-+n n d d ,故21221221(1)()22n n n nnd d ++--=-= (2) ……………………..14’ 由(1)(2)得:nn n n d d 2)1(11++-=-……………………..15’于是 )()()(123121--++-+-+=n n n d d d d d d d d ……………………..16’122)1(21211--++-+=n n211)21(12111+--⋅+=-n ……………………..17’12)1(3134--⋅+=n n 即数列}{n d 的通项公式为12)1(3134--⋅+=n n n d (*n N ∈)……………………..18’。
2015年上海市徐汇区中考数学一模试卷

2015年上海市徐汇区中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(共6小题,每小题6分,满分36分)1.(6分)(2015•徐汇区一模)将抛物线y=﹣2x2向右平移一个单位,再向上平移2个单位后,抛物线的表达式为()A.y=﹣2(x﹣1)2+2 B.y=﹣2(x﹣1)2﹣2C.y=﹣2(x+1)2+2 D.y=﹣2(x+1)2﹣2【考点】:函数及其相关概念M411二次函数的的图象、性质M442【难易度】:容易题.【分析】:抛物线y=﹣2x2的顶点坐标为(0,0),点(0,0)向右平移一个单位,再向上平移2个单位后得到对应点的坐标为(1,2),所以平移后抛物线的表达式为y=﹣2(x﹣1)2+2.【解答】:答案A.【点评】:本题考查了二次函数的图象与几何变换,难度不大,熟知函数平移“上加下减,左加右减”的法则是解答此题的关键.2.(6分)(2015•徐汇区一模)如图,▱ABCD中,E是边BC上的点,AE交BD于点F,如果BE:BC=2:3,那么下列各式错误的是()A.=2 B.=C.=D.=【考点】:平行线分线段成比例定理M33I平行四边形(包括矩形、菱形、正方形)的判定与性质M344【难易度】:容易题【分析】:由平行四边形的性质及平行线分线段成比例逐项判断有.因为BE:BC=2:3,所以==2,故A正确;因为四边形ABCD为平行四边形,所以AD∥BC,AD=BC,则==,故B正确;因为AD∥BE,所以===,故C不正确;所以===,故D正确;【解答】:答案C.【点评】:本题主要考查平行四边形的性质及平行线分线段成比例,是中考常见的考点,难度不大,熟知平行线分线段所得线段对应成比例是解答本题的关键.3.(6分)(2015•徐汇区一模)已知Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,∠CAB=α,AC=7,那么BC 为()A.7sinαB.7cosαC.7tanαD.7cotα【考点】:锐角的三角比的概念(正切、余切、正弦、余弦)M361解直角三角形M364【难易度】:容易题【分析】:由题意画出图形,因为Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,∠CAB=α,AC=7,所以tanα==,则BC=tanα.【解答】:答案C.【点评】:本题考查锐角三角函数的定义及其运用,是中考的常规题目,难度不大,在直角三角形中,锐角的正弦为对边比斜边,余弦为邻边比斜边,正切为对边比邻边.4.(6分)(2015•徐汇区一模)如图,在四边形ABCD中,AD∥BC,如果添加下列条件,不能使得△ABC∽△DCA成立的是()A.∠BAC=∠ADC B.∠B=∠ACD C.AC2=AD•BC D.=【考点】:平行四边形(包括矩形、菱形、正方形)的判定与性质M344相似三角形性质、判定M33M;【难易度】:容易题【分析】:由题意,因为AD∥BC,所以∠DAC=∠BCA,则当∠BAC=∠ADC时,△ABC∽△DCA;当∠B=∠ACD时,△ABC∽△DCA;当=,即AC2=AD•BC时,△ABC∽△DCA;当=时,不能判断△ABC∽△DCA.【解答】:答案D.【点评】:本题考查了相似三角形的性质与判定,属于基础题,是中考考查的热点,难度不大,需要熟记:两组对应边的比相等且夹角对应相等的两个三角形相似;有两组角对应相等的两个三角形相似.5.(6分)(2015•徐汇区一模)已知二次函数y=ax2﹣2x+2(a>0),那么它的图象一定不经过()A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限【考点】:二次函数的的图象、性质M442【难易度】:中等题【分析】:因为二次函数y=ax2﹣2x+2(a>0)的对称轴为直线x=﹣=﹣=>0,所以其顶点坐标在第一或四象限,又当x=0时,y=2,所以抛物线一定经过第二象限,则此函数的图象一定不经过第三象限.【解答】:答案C.【点评】:本题考查了二次函数的图像与性质,是中考必考的内容,难度适中,熟知二次函数的对称轴方程是解答此题的关键.6.(6分)(2015•徐汇区一模)如图,在△ABC中,D、E分别是AB、AC上的点,且DE∥BC,如果AE:EC=1:4,那么S△ADE:S△EBC=()A.1:24 B.1:20 C.1:18 D.1:16【考点】:相似三角形性质、判定M33M【难易度】:较难题【分析】:因为=,所以=,则S△ABE=S△EBC,又DE∥BC,所以==,则=,所以S△BDE=4S△ADE,又S△BDE=S△ABE﹣S△ADE,而4S△ADE=S△EBC﹣S△ADE,所以=,【解答】:答案B.【点评】:本题考查了平行线分线段成比例的性质以及三角形的面积,难度较大,熟知相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方、同高三角形的面积比即为底的比是解答本题的关键.二、填空题(共11小题,每小题4分,满分44分)7.(4分)(2015•徐汇区一模)如果=,那么的值等于.【考点】:比例的性质M33H【难易度】:容易题【分析】:由=,得a=.则===,【解答】:答案为:.【点评】:本题考查了比例的性质,难度不大,用a表示出b是解答本题的关键.8.(4分)(2015•徐汇区一模)抛物线y=(x﹣1)2+2的顶点坐标是.【考点】:二次函数的的图象、性质M442【难易度】:容易题【分析】:因为y=(x﹣1)2+2是抛物线的顶点式,则根据顶点式的坐标特点可知,顶点坐标为(1,2).【解答】:答案为:(1,2)【点评】:本题考查了二次函数的顶点坐标,难度不大,本题给的函数是顶点式,则根据抛物线y=a(x﹣h)2+k的顶点坐标为(h,k)可直接得出答案.9.(4分)(2015•徐汇区一模)二次函数y=x2﹣4x﹣5的图象的对称轴是直线.【考点】:二次函数的的图象、性质M442【难易度】:容易题【分析】:根据二次函数的对称轴公式得,二次函数y=x2﹣4x﹣5的对称轴为直线x=﹣=﹣=2,即直线x=2.【解答】:答案为:x=2.【点评】:本题考查了抛物线对称轴的计算,难度不大,根据对称轴对称轴的计算公式可直接得出答案.10.(4分)(2015•徐汇区一模)计算:cos30°﹣sin60°=.【考点】:特殊角的锐角三角比值M362【难易度】:容易题【分析】:根据特殊三角函数值,则原式=﹣=0。
上海市徐汇区2015届高三数学一模试题理(含解析)

上海市徐汇区2015届高考数学一模试卷(理科)一.填空题1.已知,则cos2θ=__________.2.若实数x,y满足xy=4,则x2+4y2的最小值为__________.3.设i是虚数单位,复数z满足(2+i)•z=5,则|z|=__________.4.函数f(x)=x2﹣2(x<0)的反函数f﹣1(x)=__________.5.若抛物线y2=2px的焦点与双曲线的右焦点重合,则该抛物线的准线方程为__________.6.如图,若正四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1的底面边长为2,高为4,则异面直线BD1与AD所成角的大小是__________(结果用反三角函数值表示).7.设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,若a1=1,S n﹣=0(n∈N*),则{a n}的通项公式为__________.8.若全集U=R,不等式的解集为A,则∁U A=__________.9.已知圆C:(x﹣1)2+(y﹣1)2=2,方向向量的直线l过点P(0,4),则圆C上的点到直线l的距离的最大值为__________.10.如图:在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC且,AC与BD相交于O,设,,用,表示,则=__________.11.已知函数,将y=f(x)的图象向左平移φ(0<φ<π)个单位后得到函数y=g(x)的图象,若y=g(x)的图象上最高点到点(0,3)的距离的最小值为1,则φ的值为__________.12.已知函数,其中n∈N*,当n=1,2,3,…时,f n(x)的零点依次记作x1,x2,x3,…,则=__________.13.在平面直角坐标系中,对于函数y=f(x)的图象上不重合的两点A,B,若A,B关于原点对称,则称点对(A,B)是函数y=f(x)的一组“奇点对”(规定(A,B)与(B,A)是相同的“奇点对”),函数的“奇点对”的组数是__________.14.设集合A={(x1,x2,x3,…,x10)|x i∈{﹣1,0,1},i=1,2,3,…,10},则集合A 中满足条件“1≤|x1|+|x2|+|x3|+…+|x10|≤9”的元素个数为__________.二.选择题15.“”是“实系数一元二次方程x2+x+a=0有虚数根”的( )A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件;16.已知m和n是两条不同的直线,α和β是两个不重合的平面,则下列给出的条件中,一定能推出m⊥β的是( )A.α⊥β且m⊂αB.α⊥β且m∥αC.m∥n且n⊥βD.m⊥n且n∥β;17.某电商在“双十一”期间用电子支付系统进行商品买卖,全部商品共有n类(n∈N*),分别编号为1,2,…,n,买家共有m名(m∈N*,m<n),分别编号为1,2,…,m.若a ij=1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n,则同时购买第1类和第2类商品的人数是( )A.a11+a12+…+a1m+a21+a22+…+a2mB.a11+a21+…+a m1+a12+a22+…+a m2C.a11a12+a21a22+…+a m1a m2D.a11a21+a12a22+…+a1m a2m18.对于方程为的曲线C给出以下三个命题:(1)曲线C关于原点中心对称;(2)曲线C关于x轴对称,也关于y轴对称,且x轴和y轴是曲线C仅有的两条对称轴;(3)若分别在第一、第二、第三、第四象限的点M,N,P,Q,都在曲线C上,则四边形MNPQ 每一条边的边长都大于2;其中正确的命题是( )A.(1)(2)B.(1)(3)C.(2)(3)D.(1)(2)(3);三.解答题19.已知函数f(x)=Asin(x+),x∈R,且f()=.(1)求A的值;(2)若f(θ)+f(﹣θ)=,θ∈(0,),求f(﹣θ).20.已知函数f(x)=2x+k•2﹣x(k∈R).(1)若函数f(x)为奇函数,求k的值;(2)若函数f(x)在(﹣∞,2]上为减函数,求k的取值范围.21.如图所示,某传动装置由两个陀螺T1,T2组成,陀螺之间没有滑动.每个陀螺都由具有公共轴的圆锥和圆柱两个部分构成,每个圆柱的底面半径和高都是相应圆锥底面半径的,且T1,T2的轴相互垂直,它们相接触的直线与T2的轴所成角θ=arctan.若陀螺T2中圆锥的底面半径为r(r>0).(1)求陀螺T2的体积;(2)当陀螺T2转动一圈时,陀螺T1中圆锥底面圆周上一点P转动到点P1,求P与P1之间的距离.22.已知椭圆γ:=1(常数a>1)的左顶点R,点A(a,1),B(﹣a,1),O为坐标原点;(1)若P是椭圆γ上任意一点,,求m2+n2的值;(2)设Q是椭圆γ上任意一点,S(3a,0),求的取值范围;(3)设M(x1,y1),N(x2,y2)是椭圆γ上的两个动点,满足k OM•k ON=k OA•k OB,试探究△OMN 的面积是否为定值,说明理由.23.已知有穷数列{a n}各项均不相等,将{a n}的项从大到小重新排序后相应的项数构成新数列{p n},称{p n}为{a n}的“序数列”,例如数列:a1,a2,a3满足a1>a3>a2,则其序数列{p n}为1,3,2;(1)写出公差为d(d≠0)的等差数列a1,a2,…,a n的序数列{p n};(2)若项数不少于5项的有穷数列{b n}、{c n}的通项公式分别是(n∈N*),(n∈N*),且{b n}的序数列与{c n}的序数列相同,求实数t的取值范围;(3)若有穷数列{d n}满足d1=1,(n∈N*),且{d2n﹣1}的序数列单调递减,{d2n}的序数列单调递增,求数列{d n}的通项公式.上海市徐汇区2015届高考数学一模试卷(理科)一.填空题1.已知,则cos2θ=.考点:二倍角的余弦.专题:三角函数的求值.分析:由二倍角的余弦公式展开后代入已知即可求值.解答:解:∵,∴cos2θ=1﹣2sin2θ=1﹣2×=,故答案为:.点评:本题主要考查了二倍角的余弦公式的应用,属于基础题.2.若实数x,y满足xy=4,则x2+4y2的最小值为16.考点:基本不等式.专题:不等式的解法及应用.分析:由已知可得y=,代入要求的式子,由基本不等式可得.解答:解:∵xy=4,∴y=∴x2+4y2=x2+≥2=16,当且仅当x2=,即x=±2时取等号,故答案为:16点评:本题考查基本不等式,属基础题.3.设i是虚数单位,复数z满足(2+i)•z=5,则|z|=.考点:复数代数形式的乘除运算.专题:数系的扩充和复数.分析:把已知的等式变形,然后利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简,代入复数的模得答案.解答:解:由(2+i)•z=5,得,∴|z|=.故答案为:.点评:本题考查了复数代数形式的乘除运算,考查了复数模的求法,是基础题.4.函数f(x)=x2﹣2(x<0)的反函数f﹣1(x)=(x>﹣2).考点:反函数.专题:函数的性质及应用.分析:由y=x2﹣2(x<0)解得x=﹣,把x与y互换即可得出.解答:解:由y=x2﹣2(x<0)解得x=﹣,把x与y互换可得y=f﹣1(x)=﹣(x>﹣2).故答案为:(x>﹣2).点评:本题考查了反函数的求法,属于基础题.5.若抛物线y2=2px的焦点与双曲线的右焦点重合,则该抛物线的准线方程为x=﹣2.考点:抛物线的简单性质.专题:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.分析:求出双曲线的右焦点为F(2,0),该点也是抛物线的焦点,可得=2,即可得到结果.解答:解:∵双曲线的标准形式为:,∴c=2,双曲线的右焦点为F(2,0),∵抛物线y2=2px(p>0)的焦点与双曲线的右焦点重合,∴=2,可得p=4.故答案为:x=﹣2点评:本题给出抛物线与双曲线右焦点重合,求抛物线的焦参数的值,着重考查了双曲线的标准方程和抛物线简单几何性质等知识点,属于基础题.6.如图,若正四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1的底面边长为2,高为4,则异面直线BD1与AD所成角的大小是arctan(结果用反三角函数值表示).考点:异面直线及其所成的角.专题:计算题.分析:先通过平移将两条异面直线平移到同一个起点,得到的锐角或直角就是异面直线所成的角,在直角三角形中求出正切值,再用反三角函数值表示出这个角即可.解答:解:先画出图形将AD平移到BC,则∠D1BC为异面直线BD1与AD所成角,BC=2,D1C=,tan∠D1BC=,∴∠D1BC=arctan,故答案为arctan.点评:本题主要考查了异面直线及其所成的角,以及解三角形的应用,属于基础题.7.设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,若a1=1,S n﹣=0(n∈N*),则{a n}的通项公式为a n=.考点:数列的求和.专题:等差数列与等比数列.分析:当n≥2时,a n=S n﹣S n﹣1,利用等比数列的通项公式即可得出.解答:解:当n≥2时,a n=S n﹣S n﹣1=a n,化为a n+1=3a n.a1﹣a2=0,解得a2=2.∴当n≥2时,数列{a n}为等比数列,∴.∴{a n}的通项公式为a n=.故答案为:a n=.点评:本题考查了递推式的应用、等比数列的通项公式,属于基础题.8.若全集U=R,不等式的解集为A,则∁U A=[﹣1,0].考点:其他不等式的解法;补集及其运算.专题:不等式的解法及应用.分析:由题意可得(x+1)•﹣(﹣1)>1,即>﹣1,求得A,可得∁U A.解答:解:由不等式,可得(x+1)•﹣(﹣1)>1,即 1+>0,即>﹣1,∴x>0,或 x<﹣1,故A=(0,+∞)∪(﹣∞,﹣1),∴∁U A=[﹣1,0],故答案为:[﹣1,0].点评:本题主要考查行列式的运算,解分式不等式,集合的补集,体现了转化的数学思想,属于基础题.9.已知圆C:(x﹣1)2+(y﹣1)2=2,方向向量的直线l过点P(0,4),则圆C上的点到直线l的距离的最大值为.考点:直线与圆的位置关系.专题:计算题;直线与圆.分析:确定直线l的方程,求出圆心C到直线的距离,再加上半径,即为C上各点到l的距离的最大值.解答:解:由题意,方向向量的直线l过点P(0,4),方程为x﹣y+4=0 圆心C到直线的距离为d==2∵圆C:(x﹣1)2+(y﹣1)2=2的半径为∴C上各点到l的距离的最大值为2+=.故答案为:.点评:本题考查直线与圆的位置关系,考查学生的计算能力,属于基础题.10.如图:在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC且,AC与BD相交于O,设,,用,表示,则=.考点:向量加减混合运算及其几何意义.专题:平面向量及应用.分析:因为在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC且,AC与BD相交于O,设,,过D作DE∥AB,得到DE是△BDC的中线,利用中线的性质可得.解答:解:因为在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC且,AC与BD相交于O,设,,过D作DE∥AB,则E是BC的中点,,所以﹣2,所以=.故答案为:.点评:本题考查了向量的三角形法则、共线的性质以及三角形中线的向量表示,注意运算.11.已知函数,将y=f(x)的图象向左平移φ(0<φ<π)个单位后得到函数y=g(x)的图象,若y=g(x)的图象上最高点到点(0,3)的距离的最小值为1,则φ的值为.考点:函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)的图象变换;正弦函数的图象.专题:三角函数的图像与性质.分析:由条件根据函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)的图象变换规律可得g(x)=2sin(2x+2φ+),设g(x)的对称轴x=x0,由条件求得x0=0,可得g(0)=2,即2sin(2φ+)=2,从而求得φ 的值.解答:解:把函数的图象向左平移φ(0<φ<π)个单位后得到函数y=g(x)=2sin[2(x+φ)+]=2sin(2x+2φ+)的图象,再根据y=g(x)的图象上各最高点到点(0,3)的距离的最小值为1,设g(x)的对称轴x=x0,则最高点的坐标为(x0,2),它与点(0,3)的距离的最小值为1,即=1,求得x0=0,可得g(0)=2,即2sin(2φ+)=2,∴φ=,故答案为:.点评:本题主要考查向量的数量积的坐标运算,三角恒等变换,图象的平移变换,三角函数的单调性及相关的运算问题,属于中档题.12.已知函数,其中n∈N*,当n=1,2,3,…时,f n(x)的零点依次记作x1,x2,x3,…,则=﹣3.考点:极限及其运算.专题:导数的综合应用.分析:利用等比数列的前n项和公式可得:函数f n(x)=+,令f n (x)=0,解得x n=﹣1.再利用极限的运算法则即可得出.解答:解:函数=+=+,令f n(x)=0,解得x n=﹣1.∴=﹣2×1﹣1=﹣3.故答案为:﹣3.点评:本题考查了等比数列的前n项和公式、数列极限的运算法则,属于基础题.13.在平面直角坐标系中,对于函数y=f(x)的图象上不重合的两点A,B,若A,B关于原点对称,则称点对(A,B)是函数y=f(x)的一组“奇点对”(规定(A,B)与(B,A)是相同的“奇点对”),函数的“奇点对”的组数是3.考点:分段函数的应用.专题:函数的性质及应用.分析:根据“奇点对”的定义可知,只需要利用图象,作出函数f(x)=﹣x+4,x>0关于原点对称的图象,利用对称图象在x<0上两个图象的交点个数,即为“奇点对”的个数.解答:解:由题意知函数f(x)=sin x,x<0关于原点对称的图象为﹣y=﹣sin x,即y=sin x,x>0在x>0上作出两个函数的图象如图,由图象可知两个函数在x>0上的交点个数有3个,∴函数f(x)的“奇点对”有3组,故答案为:3.点评:本题主要考查新定义题目,读懂题意,利用数形结合的思想是解决本题的关键.14.设集合A={(x1,x2,x3,…,x10)|x i∈{﹣1,0,1},i=1,2,3,…,10},则集合A 中满足条件“1≤|x1|+|x2|+|x3|+…+|x10|≤9”的元素个数为310﹣210﹣1.考点:集合的表示法;元素与集合关系的判断.专题:计算题;集合;排列组合.分析:由排列组合的知识知,集合A中共有310个元素,其中|x1|+|x2|+|x3|+…+|x10|=0的只有一个元素,|x1|+|x2|+|x3|+…+|x10|=10的有210个元素;从而求得.解答:解:集合A中共有310个元素;其中|x1|+|x2|+|x3|+…+|x10|=0的只有一个元素,|x1|+|x2|+|x3|+…+|x10|=10的有210个元素;故满足条件“1≤|x1|+|x2|+|x3|+…+|x10|≤9”的元素个数为310﹣210﹣1.故答案为:310﹣210﹣1.点评:本题考查了排列组合的应用及集合中元素的特征应用,属于中档题.二.选择题15.“”是“实系数一元二次方程x2+x+a=0有虚数根”的( )A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件;考点:必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断.专题:简易逻辑;坐标系和参数方程.分析:根据充分条件和必要条件的定义进行判断即可.解答:解:若实系数一元二次方程x2+x+a=0有虚数根,则判别式△=1﹣4a<0,解得a>,则“”是“实系数一元二次方程x2+x+a=0有虚数根”的必要不充分条件,故选:B.点评:本题主要考查充分条件和必要条件的判断,根据一元二次方程根与判别式△之间的关系是解决本题的关键.16.已知m和n是两条不同的直线,α和β是两个不重合的平面,则下列给出的条件中,一定能推出m⊥β的是( )A.α⊥β且m⊂αB.α⊥β且m∥αC.m∥n且n⊥βD.m⊥n且n∥β;考点:直线与平面垂直的判定.专题:阅读型;空间位置关系与距离.分析:根据A,B,C,D所给的条件,分别进行判断,能够得到正确结果.解答:解:α⊥β,且m⊂α⇒m⊂β,或m∥β,或m与β相交,故A不成立;α⊥β,且m∥α⇒m⊂β,或m∥β,或m与β相交,故B不成立;m∥n,且n⊥β⇒m⊥β,故C成立;由m⊥n,且n∥β,知m⊥β不成立,故D不正确.故选:C.点评:本题考查直线与平面的位置关系的判断,解题时要认真审题,仔细解答,属于基础题.17.某电商在“双十一”期间用电子支付系统进行商品买卖,全部商品共有n类(n∈N*),分别编号为1,2,…,n,买家共有m名(m∈N*,m<n),分别编号为1,2,…,m.若a ij=1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n,则同时购买第1类和第2类商品的人数是( )A.a11+a12+…+a1m+a21+a22+…+a2mB.a11+a21+…+a m1+a12+a22+…+a m2C.a11a12+a21a22+…+a m1a m2D.a11a21+a12a22+…+a1m a2m考点:进行简单的合情推理.专题:推理和证明.分析:由已知中a ij=1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n,可知:a i1a i2表示第i名买家同时购买第1类和第2类商品,进而得到答案.解答:解:∵a ij=1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n,∴a i1a i2表示第i名买家同时购买第1类和第2类商品,∴同时购买第1类和第2类商品的人数是a11a12+a21a22+…+a m1a m2故选:C点评:本题考查的知识点是进行简单的合情推理,其中正确理解a ij=1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n的含义是解答的关键.18.对于方程为的曲线C给出以下三个命题:(1)曲线C关于原点中心对称;(2)曲线C关于x轴对称,也关于y轴对称,且x轴和y轴是曲线C仅有的两条对称轴;(3)若分别在第一、第二、第三、第四象限的点M,N,P,Q,都在曲线C上,则四边形MNPQ 每一条边的边长都大于2;其中正确的命题是( )A.(1)(2)B.(1)(3)C.(2)(3)D.(1)(2)(3);考点:命题的真假判断与应用;曲线与方程.专题:作图题;简易逻辑.分析:分x>0,y>0,x<0,y>0,x<0,y<0,x>0,y<0四类讨论,作出的图象,再分别对选项(1)(2)(3)判断即可.解答:解:∵,∴当x>0,y>0时,⇒+=1,解得y==1+;同理可得,当x<0,y>0时,⇒﹣+=1,整理得:y=1﹣;当x<0,y<0时,⇒﹣﹣=1,整理得:y=﹣1+;x>0,y<0时,⇒﹣=1,整理得:y=﹣1﹣;作出图象如下:由图可知,曲线C关于原点成中心对称,故(1)正确;曲线C关于x轴对称,也关于y轴对称,也关于直线y=x与y=﹣x对称,故(2)错误;由于在第一、第二、第三、第四象限的点M,N,P,Q,都在曲线C上,由图可知,四边形MNPQ每一条边的边长都大于2,故(3)正确;综上所述,(1)(3)正确.故选:B.点评:本题考查命题的真假判断与应用,着重考查曲线与方程的理解与应用,考查分类讨论思想、等价转化思想与数形结合思想的综合运用,属于难题.三.解答题19.已知函数f(x)=Asin(x+),x∈R,且f()=.(1)求A的值;(2)若f(θ)+f(﹣θ)=,θ∈(0,),求f(﹣θ).考点:由y=Asin(ωx+φ)的部分图象确定其解析式;两角和与差的正弦函数.专题:三角函数的图像与性质.分析:(1)由函数f(x)的解析式以及f()=,求得A的值.(2)由(1)可得 f(x)=sin(x+),根据f(θ)+f(﹣θ)=,求得cosθ 的值,再由θ∈(0,),求得sinθ 的值,从而求得f(﹣θ)的值.解答:解:(1)∵函数f(x)=Asin(x+),x∈R,且f()=.∴Asin(+)=Asin=A•=,∴A=.(2)由(1)可得 f(x)=sin(x+),∴f(θ)+f(﹣θ)=sin(θ+)+sin(﹣θ+)=2sin cosθ=cosθ=,∴cosθ=,再由θ∈(0,),可得sinθ=.∴f(﹣θ)=sin(﹣θ+)=sin(π﹣θ)=sinθ=.点评:本题主要考查三角函数的恒等变换,同角三角函数的基本关系,属于中档题.20.已知函数f(x)=2x+k•2﹣x(k∈R).(1)若函数f(x)为奇函数,求k的值;(2)若函数f(x)在(﹣∞,2]上为减函数,求k的取值范围.考点:函数奇偶性的性质;函数单调性的性质.专题:函数的性质及应用.分析:(1)根据奇函数的概念,f(x)+f(﹣x)=0,解答即可;(2)先讨论K的取值范围,再求取值范围解答:解:(1)f(x)+f(﹣x)=(k+1)(2x+2﹣x)=0对一切的x∈R成立,所以k=﹣1.(2)若k≤0,则函数f(x)在(﹣∞,2]单调递增(舍),当k>0时,令t=2x∈(0,4],则函数在(0,4]上单调递减,所以,即k≥16.点评:本题主要考查奇函数的性质,单调性的定义.21.如图所示,某传动装置由两个陀螺T1,T2组成,陀螺之间没有滑动.每个陀螺都由具有公共轴的圆锥和圆柱两个部分构成,每个圆柱的底面半径和高都是相应圆锥底面半径的,且T1,T2的轴相互垂直,它们相接触的直线与T2的轴所成角θ=arctan.若陀螺T2中圆锥的底面半径为r(r>0).(1)求陀螺T2的体积;(2)当陀螺T2转动一圈时,陀螺T1中圆锥底面圆周上一点P转动到点P1,求P与P1之间的距离.考点:旋转体(圆柱、圆锥、圆台);棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积.专题:空间位置关系与距离.分析:(1)设陀螺T2圆锥的高为h,可得,进而可得陀螺T2圆柱的底面半径和高为,进而求出陀螺T2的体积;(2)设陀螺T1圆锥底面圆心为O,可得,进而利用弧长公式,求出圆心角,进而可得P与P1之间的距离.解答:解:(1)设陀螺T2圆锥的高为h,则,即’得陀螺T2圆柱的底面半径和高为,(2)设陀螺T1圆锥底面圆心为O,则,得在△POP1中,点评:本题考查的知识点是旋转体的体积公式,弧长公式,是三角函数与空间几何的综合应用,难度中档.22.已知椭圆γ:=1(常数a>1)的左顶点R,点A(a,1),B(﹣a,1),O为坐标原点;(1)若P是椭圆γ上任意一点,,求m2+n2的值;(2)设Q是椭圆γ上任意一点,S(3a,0),求的取值范围;(3)设M(x1,y1),N(x2,y2)是椭圆γ上的两个动点,满足k OM•k ON=k OA•k OB,试探究△OMN 的面积是否为定值,说明理由.考点:椭圆的简单性质.专题:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.分析:(1)根据A与B坐标化简已知等式,确定出P坐标,由P在椭圆上列出关系式,求出所求式子的值即可;(2)设Q(x,y),利用平面向量数量积运算法则表示出•,配方后求出•的最大值与最小值,即可确定出•的范围;(3)根据题意,利用斜率公式得到=﹣,两边平方,整理得到x12+x22=a2,表示出三角形OMN的面积,整理后把x12+x22=a2代入得到结果为定值.解答:解:(1)∵点A(a,1),B(﹣a,1),O为坐标原点,∴=m+n=(ma﹣na,m+n),即P(ma﹣na,m+n),把P坐标代入椭圆方程得:(m﹣n)2+(m+n)2=1,即m2+n2=;(2)设Q(x,y),则•=(3a﹣x,﹣y)•(﹣a﹣x,﹣y)=(x﹣3a)(x+a)+y2=(x﹣3a)(x+a)+1﹣=x2﹣2ax+1﹣3a2=(x﹣)2﹣(﹣a≤x≤a),由a>1,得>a,∴当x=﹣a时,•的最大值为0;当x=a时,•的最小值为﹣4a2,则•的范围为[﹣4a2,0];(3)设M(x1,y1),N(x2,y2)是椭圆γ上的两个动点,满足k OM•k ON=k OA•k OB,由条件得:=﹣,平方得:x12x22=a4y12y22=(a2﹣x12)(a2﹣x22),即x12+x22=a2,∴S△OMN=|x1y2﹣x2y1|====,则△OMN的面积为定值.点评:此题考查了椭圆的简单性质,二次函数的性质,斜率公式,以及平面向量的数量积运算,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.23.已知有穷数列{a n}各项均不相等,将{a n}的项从大到小重新排序后相应的项数构成新数列{p n},称{p n}为{a n}的“序数列”,例如数列:a1,a2,a3满足a1>a3>a2,则其序数列{p n}为1,3,2;(1)写出公差为d(d≠0)的等差数列a1,a2,…,a n的序数列{p n};(2)若项数不少于5项的有穷数列{b n}、{c n}的通项公式分别是(n∈N*),(n∈N*),且{b n}的序数列与{c n}的序数列相同,求实数t的取值范围;(3)若有穷数列{d n}满足d1=1,(n∈N*),且{d2n﹣1}的序数列单调递减,{d2n}的序数列单调递增,求数列{d n}的通项公式.考点:等差数列的性质;等比数列的性质.专题:等差数列与等比数列.分析:(1)由新定义当d<0时,序数列为1,2,3,…,n;当d>0时,序数列为n,n﹣1,n﹣2,…,3,2,1;(2)由题意可得b2>b3>b1>b4>…>b n,可得序数列为2,3,1,4,…,n,进而可得2<<,解不等式可得;(3)由{d2n﹣1}的序数列单调递减可得d2n﹣d2n﹣1==,同理可得d2n+1﹣d2n=﹣=,进而可得d n+1﹣d n=,可得d n=d1+(d2﹣d1)+(d3﹣d2)+…+(d n﹣d n﹣1)=1+﹣+…+=1+•=+•,既得答案.解答:解:(1)由题意,当d<0时,序数列为1,2,3,…,n;当d>0时,序数列为n,n﹣1,n﹣2,…,3,2,1;(2)∵,∴b n+1﹣b n=,当n=1时,易得b2>b1,当n≥2时,易得b n+1<b n,又∵b1=,b3=3•()3,b4=4•()4,b4<b1<b3,即b2>b3>b1>b4>…>b n,故数列{b n}的序数列为2,3,1,4,…,n,∴对于数列{c n}有2<<,解得4<t<5;(3)∵{d2n﹣1}的序数列单调递减,∴数列{d2n﹣1}单调递增,∴d2n+1﹣d2n﹣1>0,∴(d2n+1﹣d2n)+(d2n﹣d2n﹣1)>0,而,∴|d2n+1﹣d2n|<|d2n﹣d2n﹣1|,∴d2n﹣d2n﹣1>0,∴d2n﹣d2n﹣1==,①∵{d2n}的序数列单调递增,∴数列{d2n}单调递减,同理可得d2n+1﹣d2n<0,∴d2n+1﹣d2n=﹣=,②由①②可得d n+1﹣d n=,∴d n=d1+(d2﹣d1)+(d3﹣d2)+…+(d n﹣d n﹣1)=1+﹣+…+=1+•=+•即数列{d n}的通项公式为d n=+•点评:本题考查等差数列和等比数列的性质,涉及新定义和不等式的性质,属中档题.。
上海市徐汇区2015年中考一模化学试题(有答案)

2015年徐汇区中考一模化学试卷(90分钟完成 满分100分)相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Si-28 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 一、选择题(只有一个正确答案)(共30分) 1.不会造成空气污染的物质是A .PM2.5B .一氧化碳C .氮气D .二氧化硫 2.下列变化属于化学变化的是A .湿衣晾干B .镁带燃烧C .石蜡熔化D .橙子榨汁3.氧化铟锡是制触摸屏的重要材料,它由氧化锡和氧化铟熔融而成。
氧化铟(In 2O 3)中,铟元素(In )的化合价为A .0B .+3C .+2D .+64.属于纯净物的是A .食醋B .海水C .液态氧D .洁净的空气 5.下列化学用语表示正确的是A.2个氢分子—2HB.3个氧原子—O 3C.水分子—22O HD.+1价钠元素—1N a 6.能与水混合,充分振荡后可得到溶液的物质是A .奶粉B .蔗糖C .植物油D .冰块 7.图示实验操作中正确的是A .取少量液体B .闻气体气味C .点燃酒精灯D .给液体加热 8.关于空气的说法正确的是 A .空气是由空气分子构成的B .空气中的氮气、氧气经混合,它们的化学性质都已改变C .分离液态空气法制氧气属于分解反应D .空气是由氮气、氧气等组成的混合物9.下图所示是生活中一些常见物质的pH ,根据图示判断,下列说法正确的是A .酱油呈碱性B .牙膏呈酸性C .胃酸过多的人可多喝玉米粥D .西瓜汁的酸性要比苹果汁的酸性强 10.在氧气中燃烧,产生明亮的蓝紫色火焰,且有刺激性气味的气体产生的是 A .木炭 B .甲烷 C .硫 D .红磷 11.下列化学方程式书写正确的是A .H 2+ O 2H 2O B .H 2SO 4+NaOH →NaSO 4+H 2OC .CuSO 4+2NaOH →Cu(OH)2+2H 2OD .2KMnO 4K 2MnO 4+MnO 2+O 2↑12.霓虹灯让我们的生活亮丽多彩,霓虹灯中填充的气体是A.氧气 B.氮气 C.稀有气体 D.二氧化碳13.物质的性质决定用途。
2015年上海市徐汇区高三一模数学理科试卷(PDF版含答案)

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上海市徐汇区2015届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)

2014学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2015.1 I、听力(略)II. Grammar and VocabularySectionADirections:After reading the passages below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Residents of southern California are trying to get used to skyrocketing prices for gasoline. The average price for 87 octane(辛烷)economy gas is $2.22, almost 30 percent higher today than it was 12 months ago. The(25) (low) gas price in the Southland right now is $2.09 a gallon at the Seashell station in Arcadia. The station manager, Everett, said the reason his gas is cheaper than elsewhere is (26) he bought a lot of gas two years ago at(27) (reduce) prices, so he is passing his savings on to his customers.The lines at the Seashell station often run 10 to 20 vehicles long. The police have been here several times (28) cars blo ck traffic on Horsetrail Drive. Everett said, “I tell people in line that the Barco station a block away is only $2.14, (29) they’d rather wait and save 5 cents. It’s OK with me, of course. I don’t mind (30)(make) money.”A young man pump ing gas was said(31) (wait) in line for 20 minutes. When asked why he didn’t go a block away where there were no lines, he said, “Every penny counts. When I bought this ’99 Bummer, gas was only $1 a gallon, which was pretty cheap. So, (32) I only get eigh t miles per gallon, I wasn’t paying that much to fill my tank. But today’s prices are killing me. I drive to work, and I drive to the grocery store. That’s it. I used to drive around the neighborhood just to show off my wheels, but I(33) never do that any more.”(B)People joke that no one in Los Angeles reads; everyone watches TV, rents videos, or goes to the movies. The most popular reading material is comic book s, movie magazines, and TV guides. City libraries have only 10 percent of the traffic (34) car washes have. But how do you ex-plain this? An annual book festival in west Los Angeles is" sold out year after year. People wait half an hour for a parking space to become available.This outdoor festival, sponsor ed by(35) newspaper, occurs every April for one weekend. This year's attendance (36) (estimate)at 70,000 on Saturday and 75,000 on Sunday. (34)The festival feature d 280 exhibitors. There were about 90 talks given by authors, with an audience question-and-answer period(37) (follow) each talk. Autograph seekers (38) (seek)out more than 150 authors. A food court sold all kinds of popular and ethnic foods, from American hamburgers to Hawaiian shave ice drinks. (39) a $ 7 parking fee, the festival was free. Even so, some people avoided the food court prices by sneak ing in their own sandwiches and drinks.People came from all over California. One couple drove down from San Francisco. “This is their sixth year here now. We love it.” said the husband. “It is just fantastic to be in the great outdoors, to be among so many books and authors, and to get some very good deals, too.”The idea for the festival occurred years ago, but nobody knew if it(40) . Although book festivals were already popular in other US cities, would Los Angeles residents embrace one? One of the festival founders said that it all depends as angelinos are very unpredictable.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Echa word can be only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A .observer sB .customs C. isolated D. occasionally E. reject ed F. intentionallyG. preferring H. although I. distinctive J .hook s K. otherPrimarily a farming community, the Amish was attracted to the fertile farmlands in the eastern United States. The largest concentration of Amish today is in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and(41) important groups are in Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada.The Amish are best known for their simple way of life. They are easily recognized by their (42) Clothing. The men wear wide-brim med black hats, collarless black coats, and black trousers. These homemade clothes are fasten ed with (43) and eyes instead of with buttons or zipper s. Those who are strict (44) of Amish customs do not wear neckties or belts. In fact, anything which is considered to be a part of modern, worldly life is (45) .the men have beards but ni mustache s. Their long hair is parted in the middle and drawn back over their ears.The women’s clothing is black, (46)they wear white prayer caps. They wear hats and long, high-necked dresses, long black coats, and black shoes and stockings. They wear their hair parted in the middle and tied behind in a bun. An Amish woman wears no jewelry of any kind.The Amish have (47) separated themselves from the modern technological world. They prefer to live according to the (48) of their 17th century European ancestors. Often called the Plain People, the Amish live in simple homes without mirrors, pictures, curtains and carpets. Somehow they manage to get along without radios, telephones, and electric lights. They do not own cars, (49) to travel by horse. The Amish are excellent farmers, yet they refused to buy tractors or other modern farm machinery. They work the land with horse-drawn plows.Because the Amish are largely self-sufficient and fairly (50) from other communities, they have resisted social change.III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a,b,c and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly (51) to the area of North and South America. However, it presents a hostile (不友好的) environment. Temperatures (52) +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade (摄氏). There is no air, and no water.Today there are (53) scientific speculation (思索) about living on the moon. When man will begin life on the moon surface is still not (54) . But experts believe that settlement will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporary (55) . These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing under the surface of the moon and systems necessary to(56) life brought by the colonizers themselves. Finally, colonies that are ecologically and (57) self-supporting will be established.The principal job of the early settlers will be to stay (58) . They will have to bulid shelters to (59) an atmosphere like that of earth. They will have to plant crops under huge dome s to produce food and (60) and find water sources. After this is done, the settlers will have time to explore the possibilities of commercial development and to make discoveries important to science.The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it (61) for certain kinds of manufacturing. Operations that require a vacuum or extreme cold, are an(62) . Precision ball bearing, industrial diamonds, or certain medicines might be produced on the moon.The most immediate interest in the moon, however, is a scientific one, Geologists can explore the history and composition of the(63) . Meteorologists will have opportunities to forecast weather on earth. Cosmologists can study the origin of the solar system, Astronomers(天文学家) can use their optical telescopes and radio telescopes(64) of atmospheric and man-made distortion s. And perhaps at some distant date the moon can serve as a base from which space explorers can travel to other planets in the earth’s solar system and to worlds(65).51. A superior B.essential C.equal D.fertileSection B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several quesitons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Culturally speaking, America might be called a European colony . No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its distinction and superiority to the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World mode s and New World possibilities. As American , the writer has distribute d Europe; as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European Counterpart .In the nineteenth century some immigrants came in order to avoid military service in their homeland. But even so, the snowballing process had for most Americans a deep, almost legendary significance.In the legends, Europe was associated with the Past, with British red-coats at Concord, absentee landlords(不在的地主),dynastic pride, hunger, poverty, oppression . America, by contrast, was the future: plenty, prosperity , freedom. For much of its history America has been a busy, restless land, more interested in innovation than in conservation (保守). Its people have been highly optimistic, setting great store by the ability of the individual to overcome obstacles. The individual has had a right to expect success. Optimism and pessimism mix unusuallyin American writing;Mark Twain is an obvious example. Or, the individual tends to set himself up in a dramatic relationship to society.Yet although American literature has revealed certain fairly permanent trends, it has not been a still affair. Its tone has changed from decade to decade.66. What does the underlined phrase “the parent cultures” refer to?A. Culture of parentsB. Culture of EuropeC. Culture of BritainD. Culture of America67. What is the America n writer’s attitude towards Europe?A. He hates Europe for its conversation, poverty and permission.B. He has no trust in Europe and is also jealous of its riches.C. He envies that all the Europeans are much richer.D. He believes that America is looked down upon.68. What is the main characteristic of the American writing?A. The description of a dramatic relation between the individual and society.B. The optimistic description of the Americans overcoming obstacles.C. The strange combination of optimism and pessimism.D. The ever changing of its characteristic from decade to decade.69. The main idea of this passage is about _____.A. a double consciousness in American literature.52. A range B.restore C.sort D.rise53. A sociable B. inevitable C.mysterious D.considerable 54.A determined B.occupied C.initiated D. resembled 55.A monuments B.shelters C.rockets D..houses 56.A sacrifice B.support C.spare D.risk 57.A economically B.sociably C.imaginarily D.enthusiastically 58.A.active B.attractive C.alive D.ambitious 59.A.mention B.motivate C.maintain D.monitor 60.A.mineral B.oxygen C. protein D.medicine 61.A.ideal plicated C .difficult D.expensive 62.A.explanation B.excursion C. executive D.example 63.A.earth B.star C.satellite D.planet 64.A.full B.conscious ck D.free 65.A.beyondB.highly C .else D.aheadB. the European culture’s contribution to America literature.C. optimism and pessimism in America writingD. Americans can always overcome obstacles.(B)As rules, laws are people’s rights and responsibilities toward society. Laws are agreed on by society and made official by governments.Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance. Laws seem to limit people’s freedom to do many thing s they would like to do. Though laws may prvent us from doing things we wish to do at the moment, laws make everyone’s life safer and more pleasant. Without laws we could not hold on to our property; we could not go to bed at night expecting to wake up in the morning and find that we had not been robbed; no stores in which we buy food, clothes, and other necessiti es could stay open and sell to us. Our banks would not be safe places to keep our money.Social life would be impossible without laws to control the way people treat one another. It is not the laws that should be feared but the trouble that comes to everyone when laws are broken. Once this is understood, a citizen will not fear or hate the law. Understanding the need for good laws and the evil results of breaking laws is the first requirement of good citizenship and government.Philosophers once believed that in prehistoric time people lived without laws in a “state of nature”. People were free to do as they pleased unless someone stronger stopped them by force. As a result, life became so dangerous and unsafe that leaders had to create laws to protect life and property.This is no longer believed to be true. Scholars now think that as soon as people began living in small groups, they worked out rules for getting along with one other. In time everyone accepted and supported the rules. Manners, customs and beliefs controlled the living habits and behavior of the group. Such rules and habits of life are called folkway s.Folkways are probably the real meaning of human laws, as well as of religion, morals, and education. As life became more complex, folkways became more complete guides to living. After thousands of years, some of the important folkways were put into writing as the earlier laws. And as life grew more and more complicated with faster transportation and the rise of modern industry and big cities, more human acts and interests had to be ruled by law. This led to a great increase in the number of laws.But we know that unless laws are enforce d, they cannot protect us. Poorly enforced laws invite crime and violence. So we agree that the best protection against crime is planned social change and law reform -- to reduce the causes of crime and to encourage people to obey the laws. Such a solution would join a sound system of law enforcement with forces working to prevent crime. To attain this goal, all citizens must understand the need for good laws and for their enforcement.70. Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance, because_____.A. laws and rules are too complicated to understandB. they can’t do whatever they want toC. laws only protect those who worked out themD. they feel it unnecessary to have laws71. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE?A.Without laws we may fail to hold on to our propertyB.Good citizens and government should be aware of the need for good laws and the evilresults of breaking lawsC. In prehistoric time people lived happily without laws in a “state of nature”.D. Human laws, as well as of religion, morals, and education, are believed to originate fromFolkways.72.A sound system of law enforcement is necessary because_____.A. some citizens fear or hate the law.B. the evil results of breaking laws are getting fewer and fewer .C. we need someone stronger to stop crime by force.D. poorly enforced laws cause crime and violence.73.What is the main characteristic of the American writing?A. The description of a dramatic relation between the individual and society.B. The optimistic description of the Americans overcoming obstacles.C. The strange combination of optimism and pessimism.D. The ever changing of its characteristic from decade to decade.74. What’s the best title of this passage?A. The Origin of LawsB. Enforcement of LawsC. Leaders and LawsD. Laws and rules.(C)The contention that the spirit of adventure no longer has any scope for its enterprise s seems, at first glance, depressingly true. The highest mountains have been scale d; the deepest seas plumb ed. Maps today no longer contain huge blanks marked “Unknown Territory”, more do they make random guesses at the shapes of distant land-masses. All major journeys of exploration to determine the true shape and nature of he globe have been made in the past. It was left to us to fill in the details with expedition s which once would have been considered impossible. The gaps have been filled. What next?The obvious answer, of course, is that now looking upwards into space. Discoveries are being made at such a tremendous rate that even authors of science-fiction are finding it difficult to keep up with them and have to tax their imagination to invent bigger and better space-craft. Satellites sending signals as they swing round our globe have become commonplace. Astronauts have successfully landed on the moon and its entire surface has been photographed. The information that satellites may provide fueling station s for manned rocket s into outer space in the hope of receiving an answer, or that radio-telescopes should “listen into” the skies for possible signals from other worlds, he would have been regarded as either irresponsible or mad. Now, anything seems feasible.From dream like these, we return to earth with a bump. Trips into space are all very well, but they are not for us: we must content with our own, much-traveled world. The earth itself is the training-ground for adventurous spirits. For “adventure” need not mean the seeking out of something new. A person can be called adventuro us when he finds out something for himself; and it does not matter how many times the discovery has been made before. No one would say that men who set out now to cross the forbidding Antarctic are less enterprising than their predecessor s who tried to do the same thing. The little boy who climbs the small hill that overlooks his own, or even he who tries to climb and fails, has precisely the same spirit taht led Hillary to climb Everest. For the bold spirit and inquiring mind, there are inexhaustible possibilities. So long as there are people willing to rediscover places that are well-known, there will be those who will, one day, set foot on remote and trackless shores.74.What does the underlined word “they” in the first paragraph refer to?A. The highest mountainsB. The deepest seas.C. MapsD. Land-masses.75.What can man do now since there was no “Unknown Territory” on earth.A. Fill the gaps in the details with expeditions.B. Explore space.C. Look upwards into space.D. Determine the true shape of the globe.76.Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. The space-crafts that the writers of science fiction have invented are exactly the same size as our modern ones.B. Years ago, a scientist who had expected to receive an answer from the satellites we sent into outer space would be regarded as an mad person.C. Men who set out now to cross the forbidding Antarctic are less enterprising than their predecessors who did the same thing.D. It’s quite common to fin d satellites sending signals to the earth as they swing around.77.According to the writer, how can man cultivate “adventurous spirits”?A. By making trips to outer space.B. By inventing bigger and better spacecraft.C. By seeking out something new.D. By finding something out for himself.Section CDirection:Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewedpersonal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language--all these examples of people whohave measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have , their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journeynever really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for ourability to grow.Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open tounfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge?Then we arelikely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We becometrapped inside a shell of our own making.78.Based on the two basic ways to view growth mentioned in the passage,“Jane won the first prize in the speech competition.”can be regarded as______________________________.79.The process of growth refers to___________________________________,when people come across new experiences and obstacles.80.If someone is keen on learning anything new,he is likely to____________________________.81.________________________________________or too much self-protection may prevent us growing.(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)第二卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirection:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.有六十多个社会团体将参与本次艺术节,这听起来太棒了。
上海市2015徐汇区中考英语一模试卷(含答案)

徐汇区2014年初三英语模拟练习(二)(满分150分,完卷时间100分钟)2014.05考生注意:本卷有7大题,共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号,所有答案务必按照规定在答题卡上完成,做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听至U的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案):(8分)7. A) At 7:50. B) At 7:30. C) At 7:15. D) At 7:00.8. A) Lin da. B) Tina. C) Amy. D) Sally.9. A) Water. B) Coffee. C) Juice. D) Tea.10. A) By bike. B) By un dergro und. C) By car. D) By bus.11. A) Every night. B) Once a week. C) Twice a week. D) Every weekend12. A) Travelli ng. B) Weather. C) Tran sportatio n. D) Sports.13. A) At the En glish restaura nt. B) At the America n restaura nt.C) At the Japa nese restaura nt. D) At the Italia n restaura nt.14. A) Because Professor Taylor teaches with magic power.B) Because they can do a lot of useful exercises in class.C) Because the way Professor Taylor talks is in teresti ng.D) Because they can use new tech no logy to work in depe nden tly.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容,符合的用“ T”表示,不符合的用“ F”表示)(7分)15. One day I was angry because no stude nt seemed to be excited about my history less on.16. I tried to make the class interesting by drawing pictures and asking a lot of questions.17. Everybody enjoyed the class so much that I eve n forgot to end the class on time.18. Although I had put everythi ng I knew into the class, it did n't work at all.I. Listening comprehension听力理解)(共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right pictui(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分)19. I was very tha nkful to Randy because he had done a lot of work for me.20. We can know from Ran dy's words that the writer did very well in that class.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentence ^ 听短文,完成下歹U 内容。
徐汇区2015年初三语文一模试题(附答案)

徐汇区2015年初三语文一模试题(附答案)徐汇区2015年初三语文一模试题(满分150分,考试时间100分钟) 2015.1考生注意:1.本试卷共28题。
2.请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文(39分)(一)默写(15分)1.学而不思则罔,____________________。
(《孔孟论学》)2. ____________________,五十弦翻塞外声。
(《破阵子﹒为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》辛弃疾)3. ____________________,千里暮云平。
(《观猎》王维)4.僵卧孤村不自哀,____________________。
(《十一月四日风雨大作》陆游)5. ____________________,锦鳞游泳。
(《岳阳楼记》范仲淹)(二)阅读下面的元曲,完成第6—7题(4分)四块玉﹒别情自送别,心难舍,一点相思几时绝?凭阑袖拂杨花雪。
溪又斜,山又遮,人去也!6.本首小令的作者是______________(2分)7.下列理解不恰当的一项是()(2分)A.本首小令抒写了女子心中哀婉凄绝,缠绵悱恻的离情别绪。
B.小令中一个“拂”字表达了女子目送恋人身影远去的依依不舍。
C.作者用“杨花”、“斜”、“山”构成多种障碍,写出了难以见到恋人的绝望。
D.“一点相思几时绝”是全篇中心,强调了离别的缠绵之情。
(三)阅读下面选文,完成第8—10题(8分)若夫日出而林霏开,云归而岩穴暝,晦明变化者,山间之朝暮也。
野芳发而幽香,佳木秀而繁阴,风霜高洁,水落而石出者,山间之四时也。
朝而往,暮而归,四时之景不同,而乐亦无穷也。
至于负者歌于途,行者休于树,前者呼,后者应,伛偻提携,往来而不绝者,滁人游也。
临溪而渔,溪深而鱼肥,酿泉为酒,泉香而酒洌,山肴野蔌,杂然而前陈者,太守宴也。
宴酣之乐,非丝非竹,射者中,弈者胜,觥筹交错,起坐而喧哗者,众宾欢也。
苍颜白发,颓然乎其间者,太守醉也。