大学英语作文.ppt

2. 扩展句
扩展句是用来说明，解释，引申，或论证主题句 所表达的中心思想的句子。
It is not difficult to make a right choice between buying a house in the low-rise area and buying one in the high-rise area (主题句).If we want to economize and get more personal area, we can choose the low-rise; but if we want to live more comfortably, we will choose the high-rise (扩展句). In a word, the key lies in the alternative of economy and comfort (结尾句).
2.段落的连贯性
一个段落除了内容统一, 意思完整之外, 句 与句之间还必须按一个清晰, 合乎逻辑的顺 序安排内容, 转折自然,结构紧凑.
Since she lost her weight, Carole has changed her image. She no longer wears dark-colored clothes. In fact, she often wears red, pink, and even bright orange. In addition to wearing bright clothes, she has lighted the color of her hair. From mousy brown, she has progressed to sun-streaked blonde.
修改后的段落为：
Autumn is a good season for picnic. It is easy for people to choose a fine day for an outing because the weather is always nice， neither too hot nor too cold. The scenery is beautiful， too. The red leaves covering the mountains， the wild flowers booming in the fields and colorful fruits hanging on the trees are all pleasant to look at. A picnic in the open air in autumn will certainly be enjoyed by everyone.
E.g. Smoking is harmful to people’s
health.
E.g. Smoking is harmful to people’s health. Medical science has now proved that smoking can cause lung cancer and other diseases such as emphysema. Your chances of having a heart attack also increase the more you smoke. Smoking is definitely a health hazard.
应试技巧
一. 审题 二．提纲 三．内容 四．检查
段落写作
一．段落的组成 段落大多由三个部分组成： 主题句(Topic sentence) 扩展句（Developing sentences） 结尾句(Ending sentence)
1. 主题句
主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什 么的段落中心句，即：明确地表示全段 要展开的中心点,四级短文写作中最好 是把主题句放在段首 。
大学英语作文
一. 评分原则
1. 四级作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷 人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按 语言点的错误数目扣分。
2. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综 合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作 文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要 通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题， 是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英 语清楚而适切的表达思想，也就是要考 虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
3. 结尾句
结尾句是用一句话对段落的主题进行重 述,评论,或总结,借以强化主题,加深读者的 印象.
English is favored on the following grounds. It is the official language of a number of countries. Of other countries, it is their second language. In still others, English is spoken as their major foreign language. That’s why English is so popular in our present world.
Autumn is a good season for picnic. The weather is fine and it Fra Baidu biblioteks not as hot as it is in the summer. People feel cool and comfortable. The scenery is very beautiful with all kinds of flowers here and there. And there are various kinds of fruits. The peasants begin to gather in crops and fruits.
二. 段落的基本特征
要写好段落就要清楚段落应具有的基本特征，即
统一性(unity)， 连贯性(coherence)， 简洁性(conciseness)， 重点突出(emphasis)， 用词遣句有变换(variety)
1.段落的统一性
一个段落只有一个主题。组成该段落的所有 句子都应为这个主题服务。任何与主题无关 的内容，任何不能支持段落主题的内容都必 须舍弃。例如：