General Ecology 4——【暨大本科生态学课件 英文版】

花授粉
wenku.baidu.com
段舜山 2020/9/27
5
6
段舜山 2020/9/27
Sun-tracking behavior of Dryas integrifolia.
全 缘 仙 女 木 植 物 的 趋 光 性
The thermometer 温度计
The thermometer was one of the first quantitative instruments to appear in the scientific tool kit, and we have been measuring and reporting temperatures ever since.温度计是科学家工具箱中最早出现的定
small refuges, and others becoming extinct.长期的温度改变会使全球 各大洲的动植物分布发生变化，有些物种繁盛，有些躲在小避 难所里，而有些物种会灭绝。
from discomfort, at a minimum, to extinction. 极端温度对人和其 他生物的影响会从不适应到忍耐极限甚至死亡。
• Long-term changes in temperature have set entire floras and faunas marching across continents, some species thriving, some holding on in
第４章 温度关系
Temperature Relations
1
Contents 主要内容
1 Microclimates
(微)小气 候
2 Temperature and performance of Organisms 温度与生命活动
3 Regulating body temperature
体温调 节
change--the prospect of global warming.但我们现在总会担心地听到 温度在发生小小变化的预报——全球气候变暖 ．
段舜山 2020/9/27
9
Why is human so concerned with temperature? 人 类为何关注温度
• For us and all other species, the impact of extreme temperatures can range
4段舜山 Surviving 2020/9/27 extreme2 temperature 极端温
A sample
• Peter Kevan had come to Ellesmere Island, which lies at about 82°N latitude in the Northwest Territories of Canada, to study sun-tracking behavior by arctic flowers.
• Peter Kevan在位于加拿大西北北极区陆地 北纬82°的Ellesmere岛采用北极花全缘仙 女木（Dryas integrifolia）来研究植物的趋 光行为.
段舜山 2020/9/27
3
Increasing temperature花朵增温
• Kevan found that the sun-tracking behavior of Dryas integrifolia increased the temperature of its flowers. Though the air temperature hovered around 15℃, the temperature of the Dryas flowers was nearly 25℃.
concern the weather: Are the summers very hot? Are the winters cold?如 两个异乡人见面，他们最先问到的就是天气, 夏天热吗？冬天 冷吗？
• Today we listen apprehensively to the forecast of a small temperature
量仪器之一，从那时起我们就开始测量和报告温度。
Human concern for temperature shows itself everywhere. 人类对温度的关注无处不在 。
段舜山 2020/9/27
7
Forecasts temperatures 温度
预报 Local television reviews the high and low temperatures of the preceding day and forecasts temperatures for the coming day.地方电视回顾前一天的最高和最低温度，并且预
• Kevan发现全缘仙女木的趋光行为使得它的花朵温度升高。虽然空气温 度一般保持在15℃左右，但是仙女木的花瓣温度却达到25℃。
段舜山 2020/9/27
4
Mutualism to insects 互利作用
•Many species of small insects, attracted
by their warmth, basked in the sun-
tracking Dryas flowers, elevating their
body temperatures as a consequence.花朵提
供温暖
•Dryas integrifolia depends on these
insects to pollinate its flowers.昆虫帮助全缘仙女木
报第二天的温度。
Daily newspapers report temperatures from nearly every corner of the globe.每
天的报纸会报道差不多地球每个角落的温度。
段舜山 2020/9/27
8
Global warming 全球变暖
• If two people from different regions meet, the first questions they ask