2.丝虫、肝吸虫、姜片虫、肺吸虫、血吸虫

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卫 氏 并 殖 吸 虫
子 宫 睾丸 睾丸
口吸盘
卵 黄 腺
卵 巢

子 宫 睾丸
♀ 腹吸盘
睾丸
日本血吸虫
消化系统:

前咽

食管
肠管 (盲端)
排泄系统:
焰细胞 毛细管 集合管 排泄囊 排泄孔
(开口于虫体末端)
原肾单位
♀性生殖系统:
卵巢
受精囊
输卵管
卵模
总卵黄管
子宫
♀性生殖孔
卵黄腺
劳氏管
♂性生殖系统:
• Most infections are light and asymptomatic • In heavier infections, symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, ascites, anasarca and intestinal obstruction.
T oxic substances
Hypersensitivity, inflammatory reaction
Erosion of epithelium, Proliferation in biliary epithelium,
Bile retention, fibrosis,cancer
Clinical manifestation • In the acute phase, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and eosinophilia can occur. • In long-standing infections, cholangitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and cholangiocarcinoma can develop, which may be fatal.
Oral sucker
Ventral sucker
Uterus Ovary Testes Clonorchis sinensis adult (华支睾吸虫成虫) • Spindloid • measuring about 16 by 4 mm
Clonorchis sinensis egg
• Measure 29 by 16 micrometers (Smallest egg in helminthic egg ) 肩峰 • Light-buble shaped • Operculated • Having a small konb • Well-developed miracidium
卵盖
毛蚴
疣状突起
The cercariae are released from the snail and penetrate the flesh
of freshwater fish and encyst as metacercariae Eggs are ingested by a suitable snail intermediate host
Paragonimus westermani adult: a plump reddish brown oval worm measuring 10 by 4 mm .
Egg of Paragonimus westermani
卵盖
• Average size :85 µm by 53 µm • Yellow-brown, ovoidal or elongate • Thickshell ,asymmetrical • Operculum is clearly visible
微丝蚴血症者 急性期病人
录像
第十二章

概 论

(Trematoda )
第一节
一、形态 (morphology)
一般特征:
1、外形:舌状或叶片状、背腹扁平(血吸虫除外);
2、有口、腹吸盘;
3、♀♂同体(hermaphroditic) (血吸虫除外); 4、无体腔; 5、消化系统不完整、无肛门;
布 氏 姜 片 虫
Treatment and control • Praziquantel and albendazole has proven of value. • Fish should be cooked well before consumption. • Feces must be treated before disposal.
Metacercariae are ingested by human host
Metacercariae excyst in the
duodenum ascend the biliary tract and mature there
Embryonated eggs are passed in feces
马来微丝蚴
晚10时至次晨2时
晚8时至次晨4时
两种丝虫生活史比较
班氏丝虫
中间宿主 保虫宿主
寄生部位 夜现周期性
淡色库蚊、致倦 库蚊等
马来丝虫
嗜人按蚊、中华 按蚊等

深、浅部 淋巴系统 晚10时-次晨2时
叶猴、野猫等
上下肢浅部 淋巴系统 晚8时-次晨4时
三、致病(pathogenesis)
微丝蚴血症
无症状,外周血中有微丝蚴
急性淋巴管炎、丹毒样皮炎、丝虫热
象皮肿
慢性阻塞期 隐性丝虫病
鞘膜积液 乳糜尿 血中无微丝蚴,肺或淋巴结 活检可查到微丝蚴
录像
四、诊断(diagnosis)
病 原 学 诊 断
血检微丝蚴
尿液与体液检 微丝蚴
血检时间: 晚9时至次晨2时
五、流行与防治
(Endemity and Prevention)
流行
预防
Fasciolopsis buski
(布氏姜片虫)
• The largest intestinal fluke of humans . • A parasite of central and southeast Asia.
Fasciolopsis buski adult.
oral sucker ventral sucker uterus ovary testes cecum
睾丸 输精管 储精囊
射精管
♂性生殖孔
二、生活史(life cycle)

随粪入水
毛蚴
胞蚴
雷蚴
尾蚴
囊蚴
成虫
淡水螺
有性世代 无性世代
终宿主 中间宿主
Miracidium(毛蚴)
Sporocyst (胞蚴)
Redia (雷蚴)
Cercaria(尾蚴)
Metacercaria(囊蚴)
Clonorchis.sinensis(华支睾吸虫)
• Asia and the Indian subcontinent • Especially in areas where humans raise pigs and consume freshwater plants. • Change food habits • Praziquantel is the drug of choice .
Definitive diagnosis Microscopic identification of eggs, or more rarely of the adult flukes, in the stool or vomitus.
直接涂片法
Epidemiology and Prevention
Fasciolopsis buski egg.
• 130 to 159 µm by 78 to 98 µm
• • • •
ellipsoidal indistinct opercuຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduum thin shell undeveloped germinal cell
Life cycle of Fasciolopsis buski.
2.在人体内发育
成虫 微丝蚴
(淋巴系统→血液)
感染期幼虫
(蚊下唇)
蚊叮咬健康人
侵入皮肤2次蜕皮 (淋巴系统)
Nocturnal periodicity(夜现周期性)
微丝蚴在人体外周血液中的出现有一定 的周期性,一般为夜多昼少,白天它们停留 在肺毛细血管,夜晚则出现于外周血液。
夜现高峰时间:
班氏微丝蚴
经口感染
成虫
adult
(肝胆管) 人、猫、犬等

随粪入水
毛蚴
胞蚴
雷蚴
redia
尾蚴
ovum
miracidium sporocyst
encysted cercaria metacercaria
囊蚴
纹沼螺、赤豆螺
鲩鱼 麦穗鱼
Pathogenesis
Worm in bile ducts Mechanical irritation Toxic substances
Microfilaria
(微丝蚴)
班氏丝虫微丝蚴
马来丝虫微丝蚴
硬直、僵硬
长:宽=2:1 排列紧密, 互相重叠 2个
体态
头间隙 体核
柔和
长:宽=1:1 排列整齐, 清晰可数 无
尾核
班氏丝虫微丝蚴
马来丝虫微丝蚴
体 态
班氏丝虫微丝蚴
马来丝虫微丝蚴
头间隙
班 氏 丝 虫 微 丝 蚴
马 来 丝 虫 微 丝 蚴
Filaria(丝 虫)
Wuchereria bancrofti
(班氏吴策线虫)
Brugia malayi (马来布鲁线虫)
Adult worm
6~11cm
3~4cm


The adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi are very similar in morpholog
• Chinese Liver Fluke or Oriental Liver fluker • Found from the biliary passage of a Chinese in Calcutta, India in 1874 firstly. • Common in Asia (China, Korea and Japan) • Clonorchiasis (肝吸虫病)
Paragonimus westermani
(卫氏并殖吸虫)
• Paragonimus • 50 species of paragonimus, P. westermani (the oriental lung fluke) is the most important • 1878, first description in tiger; in 1880, first case found in Taiwan • Paragonimiasis (parasitic zoonoses)
经口感染
成虫
(小肠) 人、猪

入水
毛蚴
胞蚴
母雷蚴
扁卷螺
子雷蚴
尾蚴
囊蚴
水红菱 荸荠
Pathogenesis • Physical injury to the intestinal mucosa • Metabolic product • Allergic reaction
Clinical manifestation
Definitive diagnosis • Finding eggs in the feces (egg-concentration method ,深沉集卵法) • Finding eggs in duodenal aspirate
Epidemiology • • • • Infection source: human ,dogs,cats and rats Eggs are passed into water First and second intermediate host in water Eating raw fish with metacercariae(囊蚴)
体核
班氏丝虫微丝蚴
马来丝虫微丝蚴
尾核
Life cycle (生活史)
1.在蚊体内发育
微丝蚴
(外周血液)
蚊叮咬吸血 入蚊胃脱鞘膜
腊肠期幼虫
(胸肌)
2次蜕皮
感染期幼虫
(离开胸肌,到达蚊下唇)
在蚊体内发育的特点:
1、幼虫仅进行发育并无增殖; 2、患者血液中微丝蚴的密度须达到15条/20μl 以上,才能使蚊受染,多于100条/20μl,常 可致蚊死亡; 3、微丝蚴在蚊体内发育的时间与温度、湿度 。 有关,最适合湿度为25-30 C,相对湿度 为70%-90%。
卵壳
Life Cycle of of Paragonimus westermani
Paratentic host
(野猪、野鼠) 童虫 成虫
(肺) 人、犬、 猫、虎等
(痰、粪便) 入水 卵 毛蚴 胞蚴
母雷蚴
子雷蚴
尾蚴
囊蚴
川卷螺 经口 体内移行 体内移行
溪蟹
穿肠壁
腹腔
穿膈肌
胸腔

Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
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