高中英语语法精讲动词的-ing形式
2022高中英语语法精炼-第六章动词的-ing形式
2022高中英语语法精炼-第六章动词的-ing形式二、动词的-ing形式的用法A．动词的-ing形式作主语1．动词的-ing形式可直截了当置于句首作主语。
Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮专门有味。
Learning about a language is easier than using it.学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。
Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。
2．为了保持句子平稳，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。
It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them.制定打算专门容易，实行它却专门难。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it. 争辩这事是白费时刻。
必背：动词的-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。
It's no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。
It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.给他打没用。
他不情愿来。
It's worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。
There is no saying when it will stop raining. 无法确信这场雨什么时候会停。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
B．动词的-ing形式作表语动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义：1．表示主语的内容是什么。
(完整版)高中英语语法——动词ing形式的用法
3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语
1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip． 2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face． 3) She was very interested in working for our company．
1）Walking is a good form of exercise for both
young and old. 2）Watching news on TV has become a routine
for me. 3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about
没有比……更糟的 • There is/was no point doing 做……无意义
Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.
1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 2)There is no joking about such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 3)There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。
归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： • It +be +a waste of time doing • It is/was no good/use doing • It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing • It is/was worth/worthwhile doing • There is no doing...无法……; 不允许……
动词-ing形式的用法及变化规则
动词-ing形式的用法及变化规则
动词-ing形式是英语中常见的一种形式，可以作为动词、形容词或名词使用。
本文将介绍动词-ing形式的用法和变化规则。
一、动词-ing的用法：
1. 表示正在进行的动作：如"I am reading a book."（我正在读一本书。
）
2. 表示惯性或持续性的动作：如"I enjoy swimming."（我喜欢游泳。
）
3. 表示原因或结果：如"She cried, feeling sad."（她哭了，感到难过。
）
4. 在某些动词后作宾语：如"I like playing soccer."（我喜欢踢足球。
）
二、动词-ing的变化规则：
1. 一般情况下，在动词原形后加-ing：如"go"变为"going"。
2. 以字母e结尾的动词，在去掉e后加-ing：如"take"变为"taking"。
3. 写法为辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing：如"run"变为"running"。
4. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ing：如"swim"变为"swimming"。
总之，动词-ing形式在英语中的用法丰富多样，掌握好用法和变化规则，有助于提升语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
（以上内容仅供参考，不作为法律依据。
）。
高一英语动词ing形式作表语和定语
高中英语必修第三册Unit1语法精讲：动词ing形式作表语和定语一、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式作表语，通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。
作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，这类分词有“令人……的”之意，常修饰物。
Your speechis very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
注意：不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。
动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find apart-time job this summer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed atthis decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean aspossible.＝Keeping the lecture hallas clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[名师点津](1)作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。
高中英语语法精讲动词的-ing形式
高中英语语法精讲第六章动词的-ing形式动词的 -ing形式包含传统语法的“动名词”（gerund ）和“此刻分词”（present participle）两个部分。
动词的-ing形式拥有动词的特点，同时又具闻名词、形容词和副词的特点，所以它能够在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词 -ing形式的特点和种类与动词不定式相同，动词的 -ing 形式也拥有动词的特点，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。
A.动词 -ing 形式的一般式1.动词 -ing 形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特其他时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜爱的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。
2.动词 -ing 形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。
She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking.她聆听她街坊的发言。
3.动词 -ing 形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作以前或以后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.我记得上礼拜给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.他建议下个礼拜天带我女儿去动物园。
B.动词 -ing 形式的达成式动词的 -ing形式的达成式表示一个已达成的动作，这个动作发生或达成在谓语动词表示的动作以前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.生活了 3 年，她对这里已很熟习。
高中英语知识导学 动词--ing形式作主语和宾语
动词--ing形式作主语和宾语概念引入动词-ing形式，即在动词原形的词末加-ing的形式，是非谓动词的一种。
在传统语法中动词-ing形式分成两部分：用法相当于名词的叫“动名词”，用法相当于形容词和副词的被称为“现在分词”。
在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。
1. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary.2. If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?3. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.句1动词-ing及其宾语和状语一起作句子的主语，句2中growing是动词try的宾语。
这两个动词-ing形式都是动名词。
句3中disturbing修饰problem，是定语，句4中using及其宾语一起作状语，说明句子的谓语“are producing harvests”的方式。
这两个动词-ing形式都是现在分词。
注意：句4的producing与are一起构成现在进行时，是谓语形式，不属于本单元语法范畴。
用法讲解动名词的结构概述动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。
它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。
动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
1. 动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由“not+动名词”组成。
如：Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。
高中英语语法-V+ing用法详解(共48张PPT)
分词做表语说明主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换
位置。
Practice： 1)Learning is my duty.
动名词做表语
2)The news is encouraging. 现在分词做表语
4. 作定语
a. the laughing audience / an amusing story
③doing和to do皆可，意义 区别很大
④doing和to do皆可，意义 区别不大
①以下动词须用doing 做宾语 1)记忆口诀： 对应单词： 双P延期 两建议 postpone, put off, suggest, advise
否认 错过了 练习 deny, miss, practice
考虑 完成 不耽搁 consider, finish, delay
regret to do sth 对马上要发生的事抱歉、 遗憾，常和say, tell, inform 等词连用。 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事。
4) I did not mean to hurt you.
That means giving up my job. mean to do sth.: 有……的意图，打算，想 mean doing sth.: 意味着…… 5) He stopped to sing.
4. * I will never forgetg_o_i_n_g______(go) to
Beijing with him last summer.
* I forgott_o_t_e_ll____(tell) her the news;
so she knew nothing about it.
3. 作表语
高中英语动词ing形式的用法(共43张PPT)
He worked late yesterday, preparing for the
lecture. (2)-ing分词可以作时间状语，常放在句首，
如： (When)Walking in the street,I caught sight of
a tailor's shop.
(After )Finishing my work, I went out. Having told us a funny story, the teacher went on to explain the text to us
区别 see sb. doing sth 是指”看见某人正在做某事”，不是全 过程，表正在进行 see sb. do sth 是指”看见某人做过某事”是看着事情的 发生全过程， 是看见某人做某事
例句 I saw her clean the classroom. 是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）
5. -ing分词的复合结构 物主代词/人称代词/名词所属格或普通名词 +ing分词
(1) 作主语（须用物主代词或名词所属格）
His/Tom’s not being chosen made us disappointed.
(2)作宾语(除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用普 通名词或代词宾格）
He was awakened by someone’s knocking
（2）所修饰词的性质特征。如： exciting news 令人激动的消息 a moving story 一个令人感动的故事
(3)所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语 从句形式。如：
a sleeping child (=a child who is sleeping) 正睡觉的孩子
高中语法30讲 第26讲 动词-ing形式
第26份高中语法讲义动词-ing形式年月日第9章动词-ing形式动词-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词，由“动词原形+ing”构成，因此具有动词的性质，有时也相当于一个名词、形容词或副词。
动词-ing形式在句中可以担任除谓语以外的任何成分，有时态和语态的变化。
典型例句：1.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
（动词-ing形式作主语和表语）2.This is a new type of self-winding watch.这是一种新款的自动上弦手表。
（动词-ing形式作定语）3.She was lying in bed crying.她躺在床上哭。
（动词-ing形式作状语）1.动词-ing形式概述动词-ing形式是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。
有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中，动词-ing形式可以担当除谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语，有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
动词-ing形式仍然具有动词的若干特点，所以它可以有自己的宾语和状语等。
动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）：2.动词-ing形式的用法1.动词-ing形式作主语1.基本用法动词-ing形式作主语通常表示事物化、抽象化的概念，谓语动词一律用单数。
Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
Climbing mountains is a good way to keep fit.爬山是保持健康的好方法。
Can playing soft music records make me relax?播放轻音乐能使我放松下来吗？2.it作形式主语it可以代替动词-ing短语作形式主语。
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.=Crying over the spilt milk is no use.牛奶已经洒了，哭也于事无补。
高中语法——动词-ing形式
you'll succeed.
努力工作，你会成功的。
④作结果状语时相当于so, so that等引导的 从句
She died, leaving nothing but debts. 她死了，除了债什么也没留下。
看见他们正在大树下玩。（同时） Working hard，you'll be successful.
努力工作你就会成功。（稍前） We met an accident, causing the delay.
我们遇到了车祸，所以晚了。（稍后）
②完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表 示的动作之前。
She didn't remember having met him before. 她不记得从前见过他了。
8、动词的-ing形式短语 according to 根据，judging from/by
从……判断，talking of谈到，allowing for考虑到，getting back to回到， setting aside除开 Judging by/from his accent , he must be from the south.
Having finished my work, I sat down to have a rest.
完成了工作之后，我坐下来休息。
③完成进行式
表示在谓动词之前己经开始，一直持续到 谓语动词发生时为止，且有可能仍在继续 的动作。
I was satisfied for his having been looking after me day and night.
动词ing形式知识点总结
动词ing形式知识点总结一、动词的ing形式的构成动词的ing形式一般是在动词原形的基础上加上-ing后缀来构成的。
例如：walk → walkingeat → eatingwrite → writing但是也有一些不规则的情况，如：go → goingrun → runningswim → swimming动词的ing形式可以作为动名词使用，表示动作或状态的进行或延续。
它还可以用作动词短语、现在分词或复合动词的一部分，具体用法将在接下来的内容中详细介绍。
二、动词的ing形式在进行时态中的用法1. 表示正在进行的动作动词的ing形式可以用于进行时态，表示正在进行的动作。
例如：He is reading a book.（他正在看书。
）She is writing an article.（她正在写一篇文章。
）They are playing basketball.（他们正在打篮球。
）2. 表示一段时间内延续进行的动作动词的ing形式也可以表示一段时间内延续进行的动作。
例如：I have been studying English for five years.（我已经学习英语五年了。
）She has been working here since last month.（她上个月就在这工作了。
）They have been living in this city for a long time.（他们在这座城市住了很长时间。
）3. 注意事项在进行时态中，be动词的形式（am/is/are）加上动词的ing形式构成句子的谓语部分。
同时，进行时态也对时间状语有一定的限制，表示正在进行的动作必须是在说话时或与说话时有关的时间内进行的。
例如：I am studying English.（表示正在进行的动作）I was studying English when he called.（表示过去正在进行的动作）三、动词的ing形式在现在分词和动词短语中的用法1. 作为现在分词使用动词的ing形式可以作为现在分词使用，充当形容词修饰名词或代词。
高一英语动词ing形式知识点
高一英语动词ing形式知识点动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，包括 -ing分词和 -ing动名词。
可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
接下来店铺为你整理了高一英语动词ing 形式知识点，一起来看看吧。
高一英语动词ing形式知识点1.一般形式Seeing is believing.眼见为信。
Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。
如：It‘s nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。
It‘s no use arguing with him.跟他争论没用。
3.“There + be + no + -ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“It‘s impossible + 不定式”。
如：There is no harm in doing so.这样做没有害处。
作表语动词 -ing可用来作表语。
如：This food smells inviting.这种食物香味怡人。
My favorite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
Their job is cleaning the window.他们的工作是打扫窗子。
作宾语1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。
I warned her against driving fast.Jim dislikes eating chocolate.2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing 分词，常见的这类动词有：admit，acknowledge，advise，appreciate， avoid， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， excuse，escape，fancy， finish， forgive， face， endure， involve， give up，imagine， mention， mind， miss， pardon，practise， require， resent， resist， suggest， recall， resist，understand等。
高二英语动词ing形式(动名词)的形式及用法人教版知识精讲
高二英语动词ing形式〔动名词〕的形式与用法人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词ing形式〔动名词〕的形式与用法1. doing的形式：doing; being done2. doing做主语，表语和宾语。
3. doing与to do在动词后面做宾语的区别二. 知识总结归纳：〔一〕动词ing形式起名词作用，在语法中也称做动名词．在句中做主语，宾语，表语和定语。
它的根本形式有doing; being done。
例句：1. Parking is difficult in the shopping center of the city.2. My favorite job is teaching English.3. His main hobby is collecting stamps.4. Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.5. I suggest you should practise speaking English whenever you can.6. Hearing what I said, he couldn’t help laughing.7. Did you see that car being repaired ?注：to do形式也可以做主语或表语。
一般情况下，这两种形式做主语或表语，差异不是很大。
但是如果刻意强调某个具体的动作，就用to do 形式，而要表示一般性或泛指的动作如此用doing形式。
例如：1. It is difficult to park in the shopping center at the weekend.2. My duty is to take care of the baby while she is out.〔二〕在一些动词后面只能接动名词做宾语。
后面跟doing做宾语的常见动词有：admit; advise; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; deny; mention; mind; miss; prevent; delay; enjoy; escape; imagine; postpone; practise; risk; suggest;常见的动名词短语，如：be worth doing; ca n’t help doing; look forward to doing; go on doing; insist on doing; prefer doing to doing; be busy doing; keep on doing; devote…to doing; spend…in doing; have difficulty in doing; have a good time doing; prevent…from doing1. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.2. He has devoted himself to protecting the wildlife.3. He is trying to avoid answering my question.4. The accused man denied ever having met her.5. He insisted on sending for doctor at once.6. The film is well worth seeing.7. You c an’t imagine the difficulty we had making a little money.〔三〕doing形式的逻辑主语：当强调doing所表达的动作的执行者〔逻辑主语〕时，需要在doing前面加上物主代词，人称代词宾格，名词所有格或不定代词1. I’m surprised at your/you doing it.2. She insisted on their both accepting the invitation.3. Do you mind my opening the window ?4. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.5. The children are looking forward to spring coming.6. He disapproved of that being said about Jane.7. Mr. Carson complained about Tom and Mary coming to class late.〔四〕doing与to do在动词后面做宾语的区别:remember/forget to do：记住/忘记了去做某事Don’t forget to do sth.=remember to do sth.regret to do: 遗憾地去做/说regret doing: 后悔做了某事mean to do= want to do mean doing 意味着做stop to do: 停下来去做stop doing 停止/不去做try to do: 试图/努力/企图去做try doing: 尝试用一种方法做go on to do 接着去做另一件事go on doing: 继续把事情做下去例句：1. Don’t forget to mail this letter tomorrow morning.2. I don’t remember having said anything of the sort.3. I regret to say that you have failed in the exam.4. He tried to walk without a crutch.5. He went on to tell us about the accident.【典型例题】一. 单项选择：1. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____ into buy something they don’t really need.A. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded分析：题意为：进店购物，人们有时不得不被购置不想买的东西。
高中英语语法——动词ing形式的用法
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking a walking stick = a stick for walking a reading room = a room for reading a writing desk = a desk for writing tiring music = music that is tiring a surprising result= a result that is surprising
They heard him singing in the next room.
D. 意义各不相同 try to do (设法) mean to do (打算, 有意要做) try doing (试试) mean doing (意思是, 意味着) be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事
2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之 后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1）They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 2）The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 3）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.
高中英语——动词ing的用法(共24张PPT)
作定语
⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。 a washing machine ＝ a machine for washing a swimming pool ＝ a pool for swimming
This is a new washing machine.
≠Interesting was the story he told us.
作宾语
1.只接动名词的动词：
避免错过少延期 avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone 建议完成多练习 suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice
喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/ imagine/ can’t help 承认否定与嫉妒 admit/ deny/ envy 逃避冒险莫宽恕 escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse 忍受保持不介意 stand/ keep/ mind 允许感激和考虑 allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider 明白鼓励要禁止 understand/ encourage/ forbid
•China is a developing country.
作状语
现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方 式）等，具有主动和进行的含义。表示其动作与句子的谓 语是同时的。
Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）
Being ill, he went home. （原因）
I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.
高二英语动词ing用法归类总结
-i n g分词的用法一、-ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成;-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式以do为例：一般式完成式主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成;如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着;His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气;1.-ing分词的一般式 doing1). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义;Eg：Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要;Eg：Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动;2.-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；Eg：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣;Eg：They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室;2.-ing分词完成式 having done：完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作;Eg：Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格;Eg：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.Eg：Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.3. -ing分词的被动式 being done ：-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者;被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作. Eg：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要;4. having done的被动形式having been done表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者;表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生;Eg：Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了;Eg：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the schoollibrary.在被带去看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆;5动词-ing形式的否定形式;动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时not 应放在动词-ing形式之前;Eg：Excuse me for my not coming on time.Eg：I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.例1. ______ to the station on time made everyone wor ried last week.A. Him not gettingB. Not his gettingC. His not gettingD. Not getting6.动词-ing形式的复合结构动词ing形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格,名词所有格或普通格加动名词,动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语; 动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词+动名词②名词‘s +动名词③代词宾格+动名词④名词+动名词注意动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语;作主语时,不能用③④两种形式;Eg：Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot. 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻;Eg：Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now.翻译练习：His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高;翻译练习：He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了;二 -ing分词的语法作用动词-ing一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等; 1–ing分词短语作主语: 动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数：Eg：Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识Eg：Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易;翻译练习：Learning English well is not easy.在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语;A.It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a wa ste of time /fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语;为了保持句子平衡,通常用it 作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末;Eg：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收Eg：It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间;翻译练习：It is no use waiting for him any longer.B.当句型“There is no doing…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时,需用动名词作主语;Eg：There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑;There is no point indoing sth 干…….没意义; Eg：There’s no point in waiting. 等待是毫无意义的; There is no senseindoing sth. 干…没道理/意义例.1.In my mind,_____ that famous university will be the only way to become a worlds-class writer. A. attending B.to attend C. attendD. having attended2. My grandfather is a millionaire, but _____ money does not solve all his problem.A. hasB. to haveC. havingD. having had2 -ing分词短语作表语：Eg：His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票; Eg：The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑;3 -ing分词作宾语：①–ing分词可作动词宾语, 作动词的宾语;mind介意, suggest建议, enjoy欣赏,, admit承认, appreciate 感激,欣赏, avoid避免, delay推迟, dislike不喜欢,厌恶, escape 逃脱, finish完成, forgive宽恕, imagine想象, keep保持, miss 错过, practise训练, resist抵抗,抵制, risk冒险, deny拒绝,否认, consider考虑等;Eg：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事;Eg：We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课;例1：He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost答案B.后risk 后接动名词,he与 lose是主谓关系;2：Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold3.To improve your spoken English, you should practic e_____ it every day. A. speak B. to be spo ken C. speaking D. to speak②-ing分词作宾补,也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用it作形式宾语;如：Eg：I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的;Eg：Do you consider it any good trying again 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗③-ing分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面;如：Eg：I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭; Eg：They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路;翻译练习：Don’t be afraid of speaking English.不要害怕说英语;此类短语还有很多;如：can’t help忍不住be proud of以……自豪, be responsible for对……负责, insist on坚持, keep on 继续think of考虑,想到, dream of梦想, hear of听说, prevent…from防止,阻止, keep…from防止,阻止, stop…from防止,阻止, be engaged in从事于, depend on依靠,依赖, thank…for因……而道谢, excuse…for因……而道歉, aim at目的在于, set about着手做, be fond of喜欢, be afraid of害怕, be tired of对……厌烦, succeed in成功地做……, be interested in对……感兴趣, be ashamed of对……感到羞愧, put off推迟, give up放弃, be worth值得做……, be busy in doing sth 忙于做某事 ,等等;注意：在有些句子中,介词常可省去;如：Eg：I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难;Eg：What can prevent us from getting married 有什么能阻止我们结婚翻译练习: Farmers were busy in getting in the crops. 农民在忙着收庄稼;翻译练习: I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方翻译练习: He used to spend a lot of time in playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏;例1.The girl said that she had never dream of _____a volunteer.A. beB. to beC. beingD. is2. I had great difficulty _____ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding3. Seeing the funny scene, I can’t help______.A. laughB. to laughC. laughingD. laughed另外,-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语,在句中作状语;如：Eg：He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了;Eg：Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子;Eg：On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 一听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来;4 -ing分词作定语：①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面,–ing分词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能;如：reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室②-ing分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态;如：developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家a growing city = a city that is growing 发展着的城市Eg：Who is the student standing by the door 站在门边的同学是谁Eg：They lived in a house facing south.=They lived in a house which faces south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里;翻译练习：坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹;The girl sitting beside me is my sister.翻译练习：有人在敲门There is someone knocking at the door.③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开;如:Eg：When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去;5 -ing分词做状语：动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等;①．表示时间:-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出;Eg：Turning around, she saw a car driving up.=When she turned around, she saw a car driving up. 她转过身,看见一辆车朝她开来;Eg：While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头;翻译练习:看到那些画,他想起了她的童年;Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.翻译练习: 听到这消息时我们高兴地跳了起来;Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.②表示原因:-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句;Eg：Being tired, he could not walk any further.=As he wastired, he could not walk any further. 因为疲倦,他不能再往前走了;Eg：Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他;Eg：Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着;翻译练习：因为不知道路,他无法到那里去;Not knowing the way, he could’t go there.翻译练习：因为激动他睡不着;Being excited , she couldn’t go to sleep.③表示结果:–ing分词短语作结果状语;表示一种必然的结果,可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句;The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing v aluable.=The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西; Eg：His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了,留给他许多钱;Eg：She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片;④表示伴随.-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作;如：Eg：I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.=I stood by the door, and did not dare to say a word. 我站在门旁,不敢说一句话;Eg：They stood there for half an hour,watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星;翻译练习：年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来;Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 翻译练习：他们在那儿站了一个小时观看比赛;They stood there for an hour watching the game.⑤表示条件：动词-ing形式作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句;Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.=If you are more careful, you can make fewer mis takes. 更细心点,你就会少犯错误;Turning to the left, you ‘ll see the tower.向左转,你就会看到那座塔;翻译练习：如果努力,你就会成功;Working hard, you will succeed.⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等;如：Eg：His hair became gray with the years passing. 随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了;Eg：Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去;例1.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. to have causedC. to causedD. having caused例2.----“You can’t catch me” Janet shouted, ______ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran 例3.It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having 例 4._____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated例5.Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun.A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having 例6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching例7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have例8._____ more about university course, call 9207463789. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out简析：1.D.结果状语,时间有明显先后之分；2.B.伴随状语；3.D.条件状语,有明显时间先后之分；4.C.原因状语,时间有明显先后之分；5.D.伴随状语；6.B.结果状语;7.C.作目的状语；8.A.作目的状语；6 -ing分词作补语：--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,作宾语补语;如：Eg：I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来;Eg：Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西;翻译练习：I saw him going upstairs.我看见他正在上楼;翻译练习：We watched her crossing the street. 我们看着她穿过大街;三. –ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：1、-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式;如：Eg：Smoking is forbidden here. 泛指吸烟这里禁止吸烟;Eg：It’s not good for you to smoke so much. 指你吸烟吸这么多烟对你的身体不好;2、有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing分词,含义有所不同;如：Remember doing sth 记得做了某事Remember to do sth 记住要去做某事Forget doing sth 忘记做了某事Forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事Regret doing sth 后悔做了某事Regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事Mean to do sth 打算做某事Mean doing sth意味着做某事Stop to do sth 停下来去做某事Stop doing sth 停止做某事Try to do sth 努力/企图做某事Try doing sth 试着做某事Eg：Do you remember seeing me before 你记得以前见过我吗Eg：Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门;Eg：I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事;Eg：Would you please try doing that again 请你再试一次好吗Eg：I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个; 翻译练习：Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完练习以后,我们继续学习下一单元的单词;翻译练习：After a short rest, they went on working. 短暂地休息以后,他们又继续工作;翻译练习：Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这班车就意味着再等一个小时;例 1. Never mind. Please try _____ the problem in another way.A. solveB. to solveC. being solvedD. solving例2. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _______.A. to arrive, leavingB. to arrive, to leaveC. arriving, leavingD. arriving, to leave答案 C.记得来过晚会,用arriving,但是后的动作仍然记得,用leaving.3、动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补语;如：Eg：We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟;Eg：Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话; 例1.---Can I smoke here----Sorry. We don’t allow_____ here.A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to s mokeD. smoking4、动词need, require, want作“需要”解时以及deserve作“值得”解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式;need / want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/dese rve to be done Eg：The lake needs repairing/ to be repairedEg：These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 这些小孩需要细心地照料;翻译练习：Your shoes need cleaning/ to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了;翻译练习：The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫;例:As a result of the serious flood, two-third of the buildings in the area______.A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair5、动词like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing 分词；如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式;如：Eg：I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳;Eg：I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校;Eg：I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里;6、-ing分词作表语的两种不同含义：①-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么;Eg：Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子;Eg：The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要;②-ing分词作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征;如：Eg：This story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣;Eg：The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑;7、不定式和-ing分词作宾语补语的区别：在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后,既可用-ing分词构成复合宾语,也可用不定式构成复合宾语,两者之间有一定的区别;用-ing分词时,表示动作正在进行；用不定式时,表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了;如：Eg：Do you hear someone knocking at the door Someone isknocking at the door. 有人在敲门你听见了吗Eg：Do you hear someone knock at the door Someone knocked at the door just now. 你听见有人敲门了吗8、高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing分词或名词;如：look forward to渴望,盼望admit to承认, contribute to捐助、贡献, get down to着手做, give way to让位于,keep to 坚持、遵守, lead to 导致, take to从事, turn to 求助于, stick to忠于、坚持, point to指向、表明, see to 注意、处理, be used to 习惯于, devote oneself to 献身于, be equal to 胜任的、等于, be familiar to 为……熟悉be/get used to习惯于 object to反对,抗议pay attention to注意 .9、高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词短语,如：generally speaking 一般来说, judging from…根据……来判断, considering…考虑到……, talking of…谈到……,提到……, supposing…假如……等,它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致;这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语,也可当作一个插入语;如：Eg：Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大;Eg：Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.考虑到他是多么的穷,我们决定让他免费听音乐会;Exercises:1. The officers narrowly escaped ___________in the hot battle.A. have killedB. to killC. to be killedD. being killed2.___________ the letter, he went out to post it.A. WritingB. Being writingC. Having writtenD. Written3. Don't you remember ___________A. seeing the man beforeB. to see the man beforeC. saw the man beforeD. to have seen the man before4. People couldn't help ___________ the foolish emperor in the procession.A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing atD. laughing on5. We're looking forward ___________ the photo exhibition.A. to visitingB. to visitC. to having visitedD. visiting6. The girl ___________ under that tree is my sister.A. sittingB. sitsC. is sittingD. sat7. This sentence needs ___________ .A. a improvementB. improveC. improvingD. improved8. ___________ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..A. Not knownB. Known notC. Knowing notD. Not knowing9. The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying10. There was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst oflight.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed11. The secretary worked late into the night, ___________ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing12. "Can't you read " Mary said ___________ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing13. How about two of us ___________ a walk down the gardenA. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking14. ---I must apologize for ___________ahead of time. ---That's all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you know15. ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done16. Would you ___________ me your identification card, sirA. mind to showB. mind showingC. trouble to showD. trouble showing17. He suggested ___________ on Saturday.A. to have a meetingB. having a meetingC. a meeting to haveD. that having a meeting18. It is no good ___________ to come now. He is busy.A. if you ask himB. to ask himC. asking himD. that you ask him19. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ___________ late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students to beC. for students' beingD. to students' being20. He dressed himself quickly and ___________ his schoolbag, went to school.A. carriedB. to carryC. carryingD. carries21. ___________ for several weeks, the city needed food.A. As having floodedB. being floodedC. Having been floodedD. To flood22. ___________ ill worried my parents greatly.A. I fellB. Me fallingC. My fallingD. I falling23. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, ___________ him to attend the meeting.A. having invitedB. invitingC. to inviteD. invited24. Our town has dozens of factories, ___________several saw mills.A. includedB. are includingC. are includedD. including25. ___________ the classroom, the students went to theplayground to watch the football match.A. To cleanB. Having cleanedC. CleanedD. Cleaning语法专项练习二1.北京 ________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenlyrealized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited2.上海 According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to25 hours a week ______TV.A. to watchB. to watchC. watchingD. watch3.上海 The flu is believed _______ be viruses that like toreproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused4.上海 The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attractthe visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt5.天津 Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC.being run D. to run6.重庆 They see you as something of a worrier, ______ problemswhich don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you cometo them.A. settlingB. discoveringC.seeing D. designing7.福建The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC.telling D. told8.湖南 You were silly not _____ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked9.江苏 The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I toldhim I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. onfinding D. in finding10.江苏 The old man, _______ abroad for twenty years, is on theway back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to haveworked D. having worked1-5 D C A C D6---10 A C D A B 11---15 B A C B D 16---20 B B C D C 21---25 C C B D B 1—10 CCCBB CBBCD。
ing的语法知识点
ing的语法知识点一、动词 -ing形式的构成。
1. 一般情况。
- 在动词原形后直接加 -ing。
例如：- play - playing.- read - reading.- write - writing.2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词。
- 去掉e再加 -ing。
例如：- make - making.- take - taking.- come - coming.- 但如果e发音则直接加 -ing，如：be - being。
3. 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词。
- 先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing。
例如：- run - running.- swim - swimming.- sit - sitting.二、动词 -ing形式在句子中的语法功能。
1. 作主语。
- 动词 -ing形式作主语时，往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为。
例如：- Reading is a good hobby.（读书是个好爱好。
）- Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
）- 有时为了保持句子平衡，会用it作形式主语，真正的主语（动词 -ing形式）放在句末。
例如：- It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收。
）2. 作宾语。
- 作及物动词的宾语。
- 有些及物动词后面只能接动词 -ing形式作宾语，如：- enjoy（喜欢）：I enjoy listening to music.（我喜欢听音乐。
）- finish（完成）：He has finished doing his homework.（他已经完成做家庭作业了。
）- keep（保持）：Keep studying hard, and you will succeed.（继续努力学习，你就会成功。
）- 在某些短语动词中，也用动词 -ing形式作宾语，如：- give up（放弃）：He gave up smoking last year.（他去年戒烟了。
高一英语动词ing知识点
高一英语动词ing知识点高一英语动词-ing知识点动词-ing形式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，具有广泛的用法和重要的语法功能。
在这篇文章中，我们将详细介绍高一英语中动词-ing形式的常见用法和相关的语法知识点。
一、动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式可以作为句子的主语，表示某种动作、状态或者是一种习惯。
例如：1. Skiing is my favorite sport.滑雪是我最喜欢的运动。
2. Swimming in the ocean gives me a sense of freedom.在大海中游泳给了我一种自由的感觉。
3. Learning a new language requires patience and perseverance.学习一门新语言需要耐心和毅力。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式可以作为及物动词的宾语，常常和一些特定的动词搭配使用，如enjoy、like、finish、mind等。
例如：1. I enjoy reading novels in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间阅读小说。
2. She doesn't mind doing the dishes after dinner.她不介意晚餐后洗碗。
3. He finished writing the report just before the deadline.他在截止日期之前完成了写报告的工作。
三、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式可以作为系动词的表语，用于描述主语的状态、感受或身份等。
例如：1. The movie was really boring.这部电影真的很无聊。
2. The children are very excited about going to the zoo.孩子们对去动物园感到非常兴奋。
3. The weather today is amazing.今天的天气太棒了。
高考英语语法复习十三：非谓语动词(二)动词ing形式
高考英语语法复习十三：非谓语动词(二)动词ing形式（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing动词语态形式及物动词make 不及物动词go 主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式making being made going完成式having made having been made having gone2、-ing形式的基本用法。
（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing. –ing 作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。
如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③ do+限定词（my, some, any, the 等）+ -ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing 的逻辑主语。
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高中英语语法精讲第六章动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。
动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。
A.动词-ing形式的一般式1.动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。
2.动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。
She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking.她倾听她邻居的讲话。
3.动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
B.动词-ing形式的完成式动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
注意：在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。
I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture.错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)We remembered seeing the film.我们记得看过这部电影。
(=We remembered having seen the film. )C.动词-ing形式的被动形式动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。
1．一般式的被动形式The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
I can't stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久候。
2．完成式的被动形式I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.我听说他被选为球队的教练。
Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。
D.动词-ing形式的否定形式动词的-ing形式的否定形式是由not加动词的-ing形式构成。
His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。
I'm sorry for not being present at the meeting in time.我很抱歉没能按时赴会。
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
二、动词的-ing形式的用法A．动词的-ing形式作主语1．动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。
Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。
Learning about a language is easier than using it.学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。
Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。
2．为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。
It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them.制定计划很容易，实行它却很难。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。
必背：动词的-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。
It's no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。
It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.给他打电话没用。
他不愿意来。
It's worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。
There is no saying when it will stop raining. 无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
B．动词的-ing形式作表语动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义：1．表示主语的内容是什么。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.真正的问题是了解学生的需要。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
2．表示主语具有的特征。
The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。
It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world. 看到了世界上其它地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。
The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting. 宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。
比较：一般说来，动词的-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。
而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。
Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止吸烟。
（泛指）It's not good for you to smoke so much.吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。
（具体）They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.天冷时他们喜欢呆在室内。
（泛指）Would you prefer to stay at home this evening今晚你想待在家里吗？（具体C．动词的-ing形式作宾语动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
1．作动词的宾语能用-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。
①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。
Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了!I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
They didn't mind being treated like guests. 他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。
They admitted smoking/having smoked in the hall. 他们承认在大厅里抽过烟。
I regret saying/having said what I said.我很后悔自己说过的话。
He couldn't help laughing.他情不自禁地笑了起来。
I can't imagine the boy speaking so rudely to you. 我不能想像这个男孩对你说话这么没礼貌。
必背：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅fancy想不到feel like意欲finish完成forgive原谅give up放弃cannot help情不自禁imagine设想include包括keep保持mention提及mind介意miss逃过put off推迟practice练习resist抵制risk冒险②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：a.有些动词，如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。
They prefer spending to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
I intend to buy buying an English-Chinese dictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。