英语翻译与写作考试试题

上海理工大学2011-2012第二学期翻译与写作试卷姓名：_________ 学号：__________ 成绩：___________

一. 运用恰当的方法与技巧翻译下列句子(36%)

1. 翻译下列句子，并注明使用的方法。（1异化2归化3异化归化并用）

1). All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day you’ll come out on top.

2). He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him “magpie（喜鹊）”.

3). First impressions are often lasting ones. Indeed, if you play your cards right, you can enjoy the benefits of what sociologists call the "halo（光环）effect."

2. 运用转换词性的方法翻译下列句子。

1). It is my conviction that though men may be no more wicked than they always have been, they seem less likely to be ashamed.

2). I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter.

3). The combination of this oriental city’s geography and the absence of import taxes has long made Hong Kong the ideal storehouse for transit goods to and from Asia. 3. 运用增词法翻译下列句子。

1).In every city, we got into the street, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.

2). Britain suffered a considerable brain drain to the United States after World War II.

3). Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

4. 运用正反译法翻译下列句子。

1). Elliott was too clever not to see that many of the persons who accepted his invitation did so only to get a free meal.

2). The thought of returning to native land never deserted him amid his tribulation.

3). There have always been more books than anyone could read.

二.根据提示, 改写下列句子。(9%)

1). Those who support war to achieve their personal objectives consider the Security Council to be weak.

a. Use "war supporters".

b. Use a different word for "considers".

c. Use a negative word, along with the opposite of "weak".

2). There is general agreement among European leaders that total unification of European countries would strengthen the economic stability of the entire region.

a. Use "European leaders" as the subject.

b. Use the adverb form of "general".

c. Use the verb that is the root of "agreement".

3). No one knows how many CEOs suffer from alcoholism and drug abuse, but estimates run as high as 30%.

a. Begin with "The percentage of CEOs who."

b. For "suffer from alcoholism,” substit ute "are___________" (fill the blank with the word that means "person who suffers from alcoholism" in the plural form.)

三.将下列段落译成汉语。(20%)

Counterfeiting

In 2011, more than $500 billion worth of counterfeit(造假) goods were sold in countries throughout the world. European and American companies that produced highly sought-after branded products were most vulnerable to counterfeiting, with fakes plaguing almost every industry. One problem in combating counterfeiting was the demand for knockoffs(仿冒品). In the United States, China, and Europe, sellers and consumers who traded in outdoor street markets knowingly bought and sold fakes and had little reservation about doing so. Using Great Britain as an illustration of the problem, experts estimated that 100 million fake luxury goods were sold in Britain in 2010 and that one in eight adult Britons had purchased a fake in the past year. The European Union and the Chinese government took a step toward combating piracy in 2010 with the signing of an agreement that would fine owners of outdoor markets in China if vendors were caught selling counterfeit goods. In addition, the agreement called for landlords to terminate the lease of any vendor caught selling counterfeit goods a second time. The Chinese government convicted more than 5,500 individuals of intellectual property rights crimes in 2010. However, many piracy and counterfeiting experts believed the problem would not subside until the Chinese government adopted a zero tolerance policy against fakes.

四. 阅读文章，用英文写出100-150字的内容摘要（35%）

在子女心理健康和毒品问题上家长起着关键作用

美国五分之一的年轻人表现出心理健康问题的迹象和征兆。可是我们往往注意不到这种前兆。据美国卫生局局长说，这些年轻人有半数还会产生吸毒问题。你知道如何从你孩子身上发现迹象，如何帮助他们吗？

心理疾患和吸毒成瘾如果不加诊治，可能导致孩子学习成绩不好，行为不良，关系处理不善，甚至自杀。青少年中自杀身亡的人数，比死于癌症、心脏病、艾滋病、先天缺陷、中风、肺炎、流感和慢性肺病的总人数还多。

专家说，不幸的是，这些年轻人中的大多数都没有得到必要的专业人员的诊治。

滥用药品和心理疾患都是主要的大问题。然而，研究结果表明，如果一个年轻人既有心理疾患又染上了毒瘾，那往往是先出现心理疾患。心理健康出现问题的年轻人，可能会试图用大麻等非法药品或酗酒来治疗自己，也称“自我药疗”。这样会很快导致对药物的依赖，私用非法药品或酗酒可能加重心理疾病，甚至可能对遵照医嘱所进行的药物治疗产生干扰。对某些年轻人来说，滥用药品可能引起像是心理疾患的新症状，如间歇性的情绪低落、发怒或产生幻觉。

家长在帮助发现并（或）解决孩子的心理健康和滥用药品问题中起着关键作用。研究结果表明，在事关人生的重大问题上，孩子们总把父母视为最好的信息和知道来源。因此，对于孩子在学校出现问题、饮食起居改变、身体和外貌欠佳、难以应付日常决定和压力等征兆，家长一定要密切注意。

心理问题和吸毒成瘾都是不折不扣的疾病——跟糖尿病、癌症、心脏病一样不折不扣。这就意味，患有心理疾病的人需要医疗以及其他支持服务。

有好消息说，经过适当的治疗，大多数患有心理疾病和染上毒瘾的年轻人都能康复——到头来改善了人际关系，增强了处事能力，改进了行为举止，