近10年《考研英语二》翻译题手译版
考研英语翻译真题及译文归纳(2000-2010)
考研英语翻译真题及译文201046. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. 参考翻译：科学家急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.参考翻译：但是我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。
48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.参考翻译：有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。
曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。
49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.参考翻译：在林业生态更为发达的欧洲，没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员，并得到相应的保护。
考研英语之翻译手译本1998-2009年
1998年71）But even more importantꢀ it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the pastꢀ for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed15billion yeays ago.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：1ꢄꢅ分析：73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：2ꢄꢅ分析：75)Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：31999年71)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：4ꢄꢅ分析：73)During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：5ꢄꢅ分析：75)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources,and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62000年71)Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational researchexperts.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：7ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationꢀ with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followedꢀ was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.ꢀ ꢀ ：8ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsꢀ themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：92001年71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robotsꢀ and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offendꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：10ꢄꢅ分析：73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:ꢂIt will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.ꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：11ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderꢀ kitchen rage.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：122002年61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：13ꢄꢅ分析：63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theoryꢀ and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇法：14ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：65)Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejectedꢀ and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：152003年61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly, systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：16ꢄꢅ分析：63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)Tylor defined culture asꢂ...that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.ꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：17ꢄꢅ分析：65)Thus,the anthropological concept ofꢂcultureꢃꢀ like the concept ofꢂsetꢃin mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：182004年61)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：19ꢄꢅ分析：63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well-studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：20ꢄꢅ分析：65)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：212005年46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedꢄand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful:groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：22ꢄꢅ分析：48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than50%took a loss in 1989.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)Creating aꢂEuropean identityꢃthat respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：23ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to sayꢂUnited we stand,divided we fallꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：242006年46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(ꢅꢆꢇꢈ) way about moral problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：25ꢄꢅ分析：48)I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：26ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)They may teach very well,and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：272007年46)Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：28ꢄꢅ分析：48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：29ꢄꢅ分析：50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significanceand make their own judgments.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：302008年46)He believes that this very difficult may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with metaphysics or mathematics.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：31ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：48)On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was"superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：32ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：332009年46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：34ꢄꢅ分析：48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：35ꢄꢅ分析：50)We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of educationꢀ that of direct tuition or schooling.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：36。
考研英语二真题手译翻译2006
3- This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals - I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！官方认证店铺：考研资料He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which 1 Translation
1- Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America.
考研英语二真题手译翻译2005
(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
5- In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training.
This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for p1 Translation
1- It is not to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.
历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英
历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英1Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotion s any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英2Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英3Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive ps ychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英4Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select hisfuture career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” , but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passion ately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet--not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.。
考研英语二真题手译翻译2008
1- In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.
He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.
(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning.
2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。
首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。
第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。
二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。
2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。
本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。
根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。
而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。
而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。
3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。
考研英语二历年真题手译本
考研英语二历年真题手译本（正文开始）Introduction考研英语二手译本历年真题内容详尽记录了过去几年来的英语二考试试题，本手译本的目的在于提供考生对于历年试题的熟悉和练习，以帮助他们更好地了解考试内容和提高翻译水平。
本文将按照真题的时间顺序，逐一介绍和讨论每一年的真题内容。
Year 20172017年度的考研英语二手译本真题内容主要包含了两篇文章，分别是《未来的职业和你的职业选择》和《互动媒体时代》。
文章以专业的语言和内容，从职业发展和媒体交流的角度出发，为考生提供了思考和翻译的材料。
Year 20162016年的考研英语二手译本真题内容包括了两篇文章，《互联网对传统媒体的影响》和《职业教育的未来发展方向》。
这两篇文章涉及到了当代社会中最新的热点话题，对于考生来说是很好的练习材料。
Year 20152015年度的考研英语二手译本真题内容包括了两篇文章，一篇是关于《电子商务的兴起与发展》的，另一篇是关于《人工智能的前景和挑战》。
这两篇文章分别从商业和科技的角度出发，为考生提供了丰富的翻译素材和思考。
Year 20142014年的考研英语二手译本真题内容主要包括了两篇文章，一篇是关于《全球化的经济发展趋势》的，另一篇是关于《文化多样性的重要性和挑战》的。
这两篇文章涉及到了全球化和文化多样性等当代重要议题，适合考生练习翻译和思考。
Year 20132013年度的考研英语二手译本真题内容包括了两篇文章，分别是《城市化进程的影响与挑战》和《绿色能源和可持续发展》。
这两篇文章涉及了现代社会中的城市化和环境问题，是考生备考和翻译练习的好素材。
Conclusion考研英语二历年真题手译本提供了多年来考研英语二试题的真实内容，可以帮助考生熟悉考试要求和提高翻译水平。
通过对真题的分析和练习，考生可以更好地了解考试的内容和要点，为备考做好准备。
希望考生能够善用手译本，不断提升自己的英语翻译能力，取得优异的考试成绩。
翻译2010-2016年考研英语二历年真题及答案解析 (1)
Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Su s tainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency。
It did n’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predi ctably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
考研英语二翻译题汇总(2010-2021年)
考研英语二翻译题汇总（2010-2021年）2021年We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection,laughter and warmth.While that may well be true,researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn’t expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed that Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with one near them.On average,participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.The researches also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers,it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us.Much of the time, however,this belief is false.As it turns out,many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world”.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important;they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.He had such a pleasant,readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say“I could write a book.I just haven’t the time.”Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of,as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”。
考研英语二真题手译翻译2009
1- There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young.
Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.
2- But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.
(48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
3- (50) We are thus led to distinguish, withess which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education - that of direct tuition or schooling.
2010-2020英二翻译参考译文
2010年英语二翻译真题参考译文最近，“承受力”成了一个流行词汇，但对泰德·宁来说，他对这个词的涵义有自己的切身体会。
在经历了一段难以承受的痛苦生活后，他清楚地认识到，以承受力为导向的价值观必须透过日常行动和抉择才能得以体现。
宁回忆起20世纪90年代后期他卖保险时那困窘的一年。
在经历了互联网泡沫的繁荣与破灭后，他急需找到一份工作，因此与一家博尔德代理公司签了约。
但情况并不顺利。
“那真是糟糕的一步，因为它根本激不起我的工作热情，“宁说。
不出所料，工作上的进退维谷造成他销售业绩不佳。
“我很痛苦，异常焦虑，以至于经常半夜醒来盯着天花板发呆。
我没有钱，需要这份工作。
大家都说，｀等等看，情况会有好转的，给它点时间。
”2011年英语二翻译真题参考译文谁会想到信息技术行业产生的温室气体总量会与航空业不相上下，约占全球二氧化碳排放量的2%?信息技木行业的许多日常工作对环境造成了意想不到的危害。
每用谷歌搜索一次就会释放出0.2克至7.0克的二氧化碳，释放量的多少取决于使用者需要搜索多少次才能得到“正确”答案。
为了把搜索结果迅速传输给用户，谷歌不得不在全世界范围内建立大型数据中心，并配备大功率计算机。
除了排放大量二氧化碳，这些计算机还释放许多热量，因此数据中心还需要良好的空调环境，而这又会消耗更多的能量。
不过，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商已在密切监控其数据中心的工作效率并做出改进。
监控只是减排的第一步，需要做的还有很多，而且这不单单是大公司的事情。
2012年英语二翻译真题参考译文发展中国家的人考虑移民时，通常关心的是到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学里工作这样最美好最光明的前景。
这些人正是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家想要通过对大学毕业生提供优惠的移民条例来吸引的人才。
许多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民。
2004年对印度家庭的一项大规模调查表明，将近40:《移居国外的人受过高中以上教育，而与之形成对比的是：全印度25岁以上受过高中以上教育的人约为3.3%。
(完整word)近10年《考研英语二》翻译题手译版
While producing large quantities of CO2， thesecomputers emit a great deal of heat， so the centers need to be well air-conditioned， which uses even moreenergy.
2011
Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do—roughly2 percent of allCO2emissions？
It didn’t go well。 “ It was a really bad movebecause
that’snotmypassion，"saysNing，whosedilemma aboutthejobtranslated，predictably，intoalackof sales. “I wasmiserable。
However， Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements。 Monitoring is the first step on the roadtoreduction,butthereismuchmoretobedone， andnotjustbybigcompanies。
考研英语二翻译真题及参考译文2010-2015
2010-2015年考研英语二翻译参考Deng Lan2015年1）Think about driving a route // that’s very familiar. // It could be your commute to work, // a trip into town or // the way home.// Whichever it is, // you know every twist and turn //like the back of your hand.想象一下，你正开车行驶/驰骋在一条你非常熟悉的路线上，可能是你上班或进城或回家的道路。
无论是哪条路，你都熟悉到对他的每个迂回拐弯处都了如指掌。
（增译/尽量简洁/意译）On these sorts of trips //it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving // and pay little attention // to the passing scenery.行驶在这类道路上，你的注意力很容易分散，极少会留心沿途的风景。
（按照汉语习惯进行意译）The consequence //is that you perceive // that the trip has taken less time //than it actually has.结果，你感觉到这趟旅程所花费的时间比它实际的时间要短。
2）This is the well-travelled road effect: // people tend to underestimate the time //it takes to travel a familiar route.这就是在常开的道路上开车所产生的效果：人们倾向于低估在熟悉的道路上开车的时间。
3）The effect is caused //by the way we allocate our attention. //我们注意力的分配方式导致了这种效应。
考研英语二真题全文翻译包括答案超详解析.doc
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章材构分析本文是取材于新道，叙述了猪流感的爆，生的重影响以及政府采取的性措施。
首段和第二段述了猪流感的爆引起世界各国的重。
第三段引用家的点，瘟疫并不重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况例，明了猪流感的重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了邦政府猪流感的具体措施。
二、解析1.【答案】 D【解析】上文提到“⋯ was declared a global epidemic ⋯”，根据 declare 的（“宣布”），可知 Ddesignated“命名，制定”，而不是C commented“ ”，是典型的近复目。
2．【答案】 C【解析】本目可依据“句意”找到意思索，出答案，度在于出句是个句。
本句的理解抓住alert、meeting 和 a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加” ）是meeting （“日内瓦家会”）的原因，由此可推出alert 并非是 meeting 的原因，而是果，即meeting 使得alert 升。
根据上述分析可以排除 B 、D ， Bactivated“激活，激起”，D “促使，引起” ，此两的都在 alert 致了 meeting的召开。
而Cfollowed 意思是“ 随，跟在⋯⋯之后”，体出 after 的，完全足本句 rise 之后是 meeting，meeting 之后是 alert 的，所以是正确。
而Aproceeded“ ”，属不及物，不可接，用法和用在此都不合适。
3．【答案】 B【解析】本目关注并列and，从并列呼来看：空格后的表达in Britain ⋯前面的in Australia ，所以空格rising _____ a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的增” ），因此空格是“数量”的才。
2010考研英语二 翻译题、参考答案和来源分析
2010考研英语二翻译题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，―可持续性‖已经成为了一个流行的词语。
但是，对特德宁来说，他对这个词有着自身的体会。
在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为续的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来。
Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活。
在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约。
It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,‖ Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，―那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，‖宁如是说。
考研英语二真题手译翻译2007
(46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.
3- (48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of1 Translation
1- The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.
考研英语2010年 TEXT2 翻译
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.在过去的十年中，成千上万的商业方法被授予了专利权。
亚马逊网站获得的专利是在线“单击”付费系统。
美林公司的资产分配方案得到了法律保护。
有个发明者的提箱技巧也获得了专利。
Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, a s the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”现在，该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利，因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。
考研英语二真题手译【2010-2019】
2010年Text1●The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with asale of56works by Damien Hirst,“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”,at Sotheby’s in London on September15th2008(see picture).All but two pieces sold,fetching more thanā70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last hurrah.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.●The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after risingvertiginously since2003.At its peak in2007it was worth some$65billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.●In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale,spending of any sort becamedeeply unfashionable,especially in New York,where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly90%in the year to November2008.Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses,Sotheby’s and Christie’s,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.●The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buyingImpressionists at the end of1989,a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war.This time experts reckon that prices are about40%down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile.But Edward Dolman,Christie’s chief executive,says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”●What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in themarket,whereas in the early1990s,when interest rates were high,there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell.Christie’s revenues in the first half of2009were still higher than in the first half of 2006.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory”because____.A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from2007to2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are____A.auction houses'favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room--a women's groupthat had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.This man quickly concurred.He gestured toward his wife and said"She's the talker in our family."The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true"he explained."When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.●The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late'70s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book"Divorce Talk"that most of the women she interviewed--but only a few of the men--gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year--a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.●In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focusednot on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands.Instead they focused on communication:"He doesn't listen to me""He doesn't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.●In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon sceneof a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face whilea woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives'main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line3,Para.2)most probably means___.A.generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.●“There are fundamental public health problems,like hand washing with soap,thatremain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,”Dr.Curtis said.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”●The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive andUnilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.●If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers, health snacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of canny advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.●A few decades ago,many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal.Then beveragecompanies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skinmoisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.●“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said CarolBerning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives,and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”●Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned thatthere is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A]should be further cultivated[B]should be changed gradually[C]are deepiy rooted in history[D]are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph5so as to____[A]reveal their impact on people’habits[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest [C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to_____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biased Text4●Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democraticvalues,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.●But as recently as in1986,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democraticideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the1880case of strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.●The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in1898,it was not until the1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the1960s.●In1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark1975decision Taylor v.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to1968showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and development2011年Text1●Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January2000：ayear later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism.But by the end of2009Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee；how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time，she said.●Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firm'sboard.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.If the sky，and the share price is falling，outside directors should be able to give advice based on havingweathered their own crises.●The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than10，000firms and more than64，000different directors between1989and2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age，so the researchers concentrated on those"surprise"disappearances by directors under the age of70.They fount that after a surprise departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they"trade up."Leaving riskier，smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.●But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blowto their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons，once again very popular on campus.21.According to Paragraph1，Ms.Simmons was criticized for.[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22.We learn from Paragraph2that outside directors are supposed to be.[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23.According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure，the firm is likely to.[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors.[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25.The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations？Should the state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.●In much of the world there is the sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papers haveshrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers，which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry，have not only survived but often returned to profit.Not the20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago，but profit all the same.●It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.The American Society of News Editors reckons that13，500newsroom jobs have gone since2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and，sadly for many journalists，they can be pushed further.●Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses，with a healthier mix of revenuesfrom readers and advertisers.American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully87%of their revenues came from advertising in2008，according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development(OECD).In Japan the proportion is35%.Not surprisingly，Japanese newspapers are much more stable.●The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody，but much of thedamage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26.By saying"Newspapers like…their own doom"(Lines3-4，Para.1)，the author indicates that newspaper.[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because.[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer productspared with their American counterparts，Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they.[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business？[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30.The most appropriate title for this text would be.[A]American Newspapers：Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers：Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers：A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers：A Hopeless StoryText3●We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time ofprosperity and growth，with soldiers returning home by the millions，going off to collegeon the G.I.Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.●But when it came to their houses，it was a time of common sense and a belief that lesscould truly be more.During the Depression and the war，Americans had learned to live with less，and that restraint，in combination with the postwar confidence in the future，made small，efficient housing positively stylish.●Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.The phrase"less is more"was actually first popularized by a German，the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe，who like other people associated with the Bauhaus，a school of design，emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture，but none more so that Mies.●Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration，properly organized，has more impactthat a lot.Elegance，he believed，did not derive from abundance.Like other modern architects，he employed metal，glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the1940s symbolized the future.Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient，rather than big and often empty.●The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive，forexample，were smaller-two-bedroom units under1，000square feet-than those in theirolder neighbors along the city's Gold Coast.But they were popular because of their airy glass walls，the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings'details and proportions，the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.●The trend toward"less"was not entirely foreign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd Wright startedbuilding more modest and efficient houses-usually around1，200square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the1890s and the early20th century.●The"Case Study Houses"commissioned from talented modern architects by CaliforniaArts&Architecture magazine between1945and1962were yet another homegrown influence on the"less is more"trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape，new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House，Ralph everyday life-few American families acquired helicopters，though most eventually got clothes dryers-but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans'.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3about Bauhaus？[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design.[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's Lake Shore Drive？[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the"Case Study House"？[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text4●Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not longago.Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a"Bermuda triangle"of debt，population decline and lower growth.●As well as those chronic problems，the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core，the16countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies，weaker or stronger，will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency，which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.●Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck.It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers，France and Germany，agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone，but disagree about what to harmonies.●Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending andcompetitiveness，barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey.These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils.It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all27members of the EU club，among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour；in the inner core alone，Germany fears，a small majority favour French interference.●A"southern"camp headed by French wants something different："European economicgovernment"within an inner core of euro-zone members.Translated，that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members，via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers.Finally，figures close to the France government have murmured，curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization：e.g.，curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.●It is too soon to write off the EU.It remains the world's largest trading block.At its best，the European project is remarkably liberal：built around a single market of27rich and poor countries，its internal borders are far more open to goods，capital and labour than any comparable trading area.。
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2016
2015
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know everytwist
Ben-Shaharuses three optimistic exercises. Whenhe feelsdown-say, after giving a badlecture-he
grantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.Hereminds himselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner; somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the roadtoreduction,butthereismuchmoretobedone, andnotjustbybigcompanies.
This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakersin
poorcountries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever newproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.
2014
Most people would define optimism as being endlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalf full.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulness thatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.
近10年考研英语二翻译题手译版
2010
"Sustainability” has become a popular word these days,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshave personalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiod of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.
It didn’t go well.“ Itwas a really bad movebecause
that’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemma aboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackof sales. “I wasmiserable.
Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we wenttothehospitalthedaybefore.Ialsoremember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway onthesameday-theybothjustpopintomymindin the sameway.
“Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithreality.” saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those whobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.
Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.He ’d been through the dot-com boom andburstand, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulderagency.
2012
When people in developing countries worry about migration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospect oftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyor tohospitals and universities in thedeveloped
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems tobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredaway
neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybodydoes-trytoputittooneside.Idon’tthink it’sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.
Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between0.2and 7.0 grams ofCO2,depending on how manyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.
I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I hadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,“Justwait,you’llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.”
To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google hastomaintainvastdatacentersaroundtheworld,packed with powerfulcomputers.
While producing large quantities of CO2, thesecomputers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned,which uses even moreenergy.
andturnlikethebackofyourhand.
On these sorts of trips it’s easy to loseconcentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that thetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.
world.
These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege collegegraduates
The supermarket is designed to lurng as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuffyousee,themoreyou’llbuy.
Nextisreconstruction.Heanalyzestheweaklecture, leaninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksand what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeof life,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.