材料力学双语教学学习资料

材料力学双语教学学习资料1 第一章绪论

Chapter 1 Introduction

§1-1 材料力学的任务

The Tasks of Mechanics of Materials

1＊. 材料力学: Mechanics of Materials

2. 构件: Structural Members

3. 变形: Deformation

4＊. 强度: Strength

5＊. 刚度: Rigidity

6＊. 稳定性: Stability

§1-2 变形固体的基本假设

Fundamental Assumptions of Solid

Deformation Bodies

1. 连续性假设: Continuity

2. 均匀性假设: Homogeneity

3. 各向同性假设: Isotropy

§1.3 外力及其分类

External Forces and Classification

1. 分布力: Distributed Force

2. 集中力: Point Force

3. 静载荷: Static Load

4. 动载荷: Dynamic Load

§1.4 内力、截面法和应力的概念Concepts of Internal Forces，Method of

Section and Stress

1＊. 内力: Internal Force

2＊. 截面法: Method of Section

3. 截面法的三个步骤：截开，代替，平衡Three steps of method of section: cut off, substitute , and equilibrium.

4＊. 应力: Stress

5. 平均应力：Average stress

6. 应力（全应力）：Whole stress（sum stress）7＊. 正应力: Normal Stress

8＊. 剪应力(切应力)：Shearing Stress

§1.5 变形与应变

Deformation and Strain

1．线应变: Strain

2．剪应变: Shearing Strain

§1.6 杆件变形的基本形式

Basic Types of Deformations of Rods

1＊. 拉伸或压缩: Tension or Compression

2＊. 剪切: Shear

3＊. 扭转: Torsion

4＊. 弯曲: Bending

第二章拉伸、压缩与剪切Chapter 2 Tension，Compression and

Shear

§2.1 轴向拉伸与压缩的概念和实例

The Concept and Examples of Axial

Tension and Compression

1. 拉杆: Tensile Rod

2. 压杆: Compressive Rod

3. 受力特点：外力合力的作用线与杆轴线重合Characteristic of the External Forces: The acting line of the resultant of external forces is coincided with the axis of the rod.

4. 变形特点：杆沿轴向伸长或缩短Characteristic of Deformation: Rod will elongate or contract along the axis of the rod.

§2.2 轴向拉伸或压缩时横截面上的

内力和应力

Internal Force and Stress of Axial Tension or Compression on the Cross Section

1＊. 横截面: Cross Section

2＊. 轴力: Normal Force

3＊. 轴力图: Diagram of Normal Force

§2.3 直杆轴向拉伸或压缩时斜截面上的

应力

Stress of Axial Tension or Compression

on the Skew Section

1. 斜截面: Skew Section

2.

ασσα2cos = ασ

τα2s i n 2

=

§2.4 材料在拉伸时的力学性能

Mechanical Properties of Materials

with Tensile Load

1. 标准试件: Specimen

2. 低碳钢(C ≤0.3%): Low Carbon Steel

3. 弹性阶段:Elastic Region

4. 屈服阶段:Yielding Stage

5. 强化阶段:Hardening Stage

6. 颈缩阶段: Necking Stage 7＊

.σp ----比例极限: Proportional Limit 8＊

.σe ----弹性极限: Elastic Limit 9＊

.σs ----屈服极限: Yielding Stress 10＊

.σb ----强度极限: Ultimate Stress 11. 延伸率: Percent Elongation

12. 断面收缩率: Percent Reduction of Area 13. 塑性材料: Ductile Materials 14. 脆性材料: Brittle Materials 15. 铸铁:Cast iron

§2.7 失效、安全系数和强度计算 Failure, Safety factor and Strength

calculation

1＊

. 许用应力: Allowable Stress 2. 安全系数: Safety Factor 3＊

. 强度条件: Strength Condition

][max σσ≤=

A

F N

4＊

. 强度校核: Check strength

][max σσ≤

5＊

. 截面设计: Section design

]

[σN

F A ≥

6＊

. 确定许可载荷:Determine allowable load

][σA F N ≤

§2.8 轴向拉伸或压缩时的变形 Deformation in Axial Tension or

Compression

1. 弹性变形: Elastic Deformation

2. 塑性变形: Plastic Deformation

3. 纵向应变: Longitudinal Strain

l

l l l l -=∆=

1ε 4. 横向应变: Lateral Strain

d

d d d d -=∆=''

ε

5．线弹性变形:Linear Elastic Deformation

6.泊松比:Poisson’s ratio

ε

εμ'

=

7＊

.弹性模量-E ：表示材料抵抗拉压变形的 能力 E - modulus of elasticity ：

Indicates the capability of materials for resisting tension or compression 8＊

.抗拉刚度-EA :表示构件抵抗拉压变形的能力EA -the axial rigidity: Indicates the capability of constructive members for resisting tension or compression 9＊

. 胡克定律（Hooke’s Law ）:当应力不超过材料的比例极限时，应力与应变成正比.The stress is proportional to the strain within the elastic region.

εσE =

§2.12 应力集中的概念

The Concept of Stress Concentration 1.由于截面尺寸的突然变化，使截面上的应力分布不再均匀，在某些部位出现远大于平均值的应力，称应力集中。

Discontinuities of cross section may result in high localized or concentrated stresses. 2. 理论应力集中系数K ：Theoretical

EA L F L N

=∆