international payment
Citi International Payment Account（IPA）商品说明书
International Payment Account (IPA) Helping Industries Worldwide with Cross-Border PaymentsCollection of Industry Case StudiesMake and Receive Payments Globally Using a Single AccountGlobalization has resulted in companies being able to expand their activities in the international marketplace. Citi’s International Payment Account (IPA) is a comprehensive packaged solution that supports your company’s international expansion.IPA is an account-based solution consisting of domestic andcross-border payment capabilities and enables you to make multiple currency payments from your account domiciled in New York or London. IPA offers account services, receivables, payables and liquidity and investment options with state-of-the-art electronic banking functions.To make it even more convenient, you may use the account to receive payments from anywhere in the world. Let Citi help you reduce the time and effort spent managing your cash flows and mitigate foreign exchange rate risk.IPA is used in numerous industries and across many regionsA few example industries and regions• Mining in Southern Africa• Oil Development in Central Asia• Fishing in South America• Heavy Equipment Leasing in Australia• Financial Services in Europe• Airline in South AsiaBenefits to you• Streamline domestic and cross-border payments • Reduce maintenance and reconciliation processes • Take advantage of optimal liquidity tools• Benefit from multiple payment and delivery options • Access accurate, timely information online at any time • Minimize risk and limit exposureThe Challenge: maximize cashflows and liquidityA mining company based in Southern Africa, operating in ten countries across four continents, grew exponentially through organic expansion, targeted acquisitions and integrations. T o support this growth, the company needed to change the way it was performing its cash management activities, especially its payments and collections activities, to maximize its cash flows and liquidity. The company’s headquarters had a centralized process that managed all the financial needs of the operating units. As the company grew bigger and more complex, this process became inefficient and resulted in higher costs. A decentralized process was put in place enabling each operating unit to manage their cross-border flows, while headquarters maintained the abilityto make policy decisions and provide additional supervision.The mining company had the following requirements:• Provide regional offices with a robust and integrated toolto make cross-border payments, transact FX andmanage liquidity• Gain transaction and pricing transparency through decentralization • Streamline efficiencies by rationalizing the number of accounts• Offer a range of low-cost payment options (such as ACH/GIRO and online checking)• Simplify reconciliation while improving security and audit controlsThe Solution: IPA accounts in New York and London linked to WorldLink®Payment Services and accessedvia CitiDirect® Online BankingCiti, relying on its seasoned relationship with the mining industry, its innovative products and people and its unsurpassed breadth of coverage, provided a suite of customized solutions to the mining company.Citi offered the company a comprehensive account-based solution, opening USD IPA accounts in the U.S. and EUR IPA accounts in London. The company now uses these accounts for collections and to make payments all over the world via a fund transfer, ACH/GIRO payment or paper.Mining in South AfricaUsing IPA flexibility to empower regional payment operationsBy linking WorldLink Payment Services to their USD and EUR IPA accounts, we helped the client streamline their payments and receivables processes by enabling them to make interna-tional payments in more than 30 different currencies and in more than 100 countries. Additionally, the company saved significantly in FX costs by realizing their collections/inflows faster and making payments in the same currency. The client is now able to execute all their transactions and generate customized reports through CitiDirect Online Banking, our award-winning, Web-based global transaction and i nformation delivery application. Through CitiDirect, every operating unitcan initiate local and cross-border payments, FX and l iquidity investments. In addition, by using CitiDirect, the company’s headquarters gained better visibility and tighter control overthe cash management functions in the regional offices.Oil Development in Central AsiaRemotely located offices make local and cross-border payments and purchase foreign currencyThe Challenge: a single solution forlocal and cross-border payments and purchasing foreign currency that integrates with the client’s SAP ERP Headquartered in Central Asia, this company is a joint venture owned by two world-class oil companies. As a newly formed venture, the company’s mission is to develop deep-water oil wells in Central Asia. The company approached Citi looking for a solution that highlighted transparency, control and efficiency.The oil development company had the following requirements:• Provide a convenient, single solution for global and local payments and receivables (USD and EUR)• Enable treasurers in remotely located offices in Central Asia to make local and cross-border payments and purchase foreign currency• Provide the firm’s Western European headquarters withthe reports they needed while establishing risk controlsfor payments• Integrate payment centralization and reconciliation with the company’s SAP ERP The Solution: IPA accounts accessed through CitiDirect Online Bankingwith WorldLink Payment ServicesCiti presented the oil development company with a comprehen-sive solution by setting up EUR and USD IPA accounts where treasury could access CitiDirect Online Banking and WorldLink Payment Services. This allows the client to collect paymentsin USD and then send EUR to suppliers using a transparent FX platform. In addition, CitiDirect provides decentralized process-ing with centralized support and monitoring. The online solution is integrated with the firm’s ERP system through automatedfile import/export and a customized r econciliation process.In addition, the company takes advantage of online tieredFX rates and transacts large deals directly with traders.The Challenge: total control over collections, payments and FX t ransactions, maximizing balances and l iquidityin the currency of preferenceA client based in South America is an exporter of agricultural products. The challenge involved setting up a cash management model that could support their complex business needs. The company’s receivables are mainly from the United States, Japan and Western Europe and largely in USD, EUR and yen. Concurrently, their payments are mostly in local currency paid to offshore suppliers of machinery in USD and EUR. Additionally, the company was looking for ways to put their large cash balances to work.The agricultural exporter c ompanyhad the following requirements:• Implement a robust and integrated solution enablingthe company to make cross-border payments to suppli-ers in the United States, Western Europe and Israel• Reduce costs by aggregating USD, EUR and YEN receivables • Pay locally for labor and raw materials using check-based payments in local currencies• Support centralization and reconciliation with the firm’s Oracle ERP system• Have liquidity investment options for their USD andEUR balances The Solution: IPA accounts in NewYork and London linked to WorldLink Payment Services and accessedvia CitiDirect Online BankingCiti offered the company a comprehensive solution that included establishing separate IPA accounts in the United States and London, and in-country accounts for their cross-border payments and collections needs. Citi provided the company with WorldLink Payment Services, which allows them to make payments in more than 100 countries without the need for a local account. T o manage all the information, every operation within the company is channeled through Citi’s award-winning Web-based electronic platform, CitiDirect Online Banking.The client now has total control over their collections, payments and FX transactions, maximizing balances and liquidity in the currency of preference. Additionally, it has a fully automated reconciliation process with their ERP.Agricultural Exporter in South America Robust solution for complex business needsHeavy Equipment Leasing in Australia Single point of access to multiple payment types, FX operations, liquidity alternatives and reporting toolsThe Challenge: expanding their cash management operations while m aintaining transparency and efficiencyHeadquartered in Australia, this heavy equipment leasing company is engaged in business around the world with its main markets in Australia, Western Europe and the United States.As their business grew, the company decided to expand their operations into emerging markets, such as Southeast Asia. The company was looking for a cash management solution that would allow them to increase the complexity of their operations by including many currencies, payment methods and liquidity alternatives while maintaining transparency and efficiency.The heavy equipment leasing company had the following requirements:• A single point of access to multiple payment types, FX operations, liquidity alternatives and reporting tools• Ability to pay salaries/wages and suppliers, in upto ten countries and in seven different curren-cies, using a single USD or EUR account and multiple payment methods (ACH and remote checks)• Seamlessly integrate the company’s ERP system to Citi’s systems for automated usage, easy control and reporting The Solution: USD IPA accountsin New York and London insteadof multiple local accountsCiti was a perfect fit for the client’s needs, as we offered them USD IPA accounts in New Y ork and London. Through these accounts, the company is able to concentrate collection funds, make local and cross-border payments in different currencies and invest excess cash in liquidity options. This solution allows the company to reduce the number of local accounts it needsto open in each new country/market and have better control of foreign exchange prices, as our system allows them to aggregate foreign exchange purchases from the different operating units.Airline in South AsiaManage multiple payment functions using one online platformThe Challenge: maximize payment and FX capabilities using centralized control Headquartered in South Asia, this company is a major interna-tional long-distance airline with operations all over the world. With operating units in many countries and cities, the airline’s objective was to maximize payment and FX capabilities using central-ized control and to minimize manual reconciliation processes. The airline company had the following requirements: • Establish a concentrated Bank Account Structurethat automates cash flow between all accountsand reduces account complexity• Maximize use of funds and put the company’s idle balances to work• Centralize treasury operations into a single treasury center at headquarters• Limit risk exposure by concentrating funds with a global partner bank• Implement an Internet-based electronic banking system to interface with the company’s Treasury Management system • Streamline all payment and collection processes by rationalizing the way the company managed their cash to pay for gasoline, payroll and airport feesThe Solution: WorldLink Payment Services and USD and EUR IPA accounts enable them to implement standard banking procedures throughout their companyCiti provided the client with a solution in which the company has centralized collection accounts in the United States and London, and has in-country accounts for payments denominated in other currencies.By using WorldLink Payment Services and USD and EUR IPA accounts, or local accounts as funding accounts, the companyis able to make non-account-based local currency paymentsto suppliers in more than 100 countries and in more than 30 local currencies. They can pay for gasoline, personnel and airport fees on a consolidated basis, taking advantage of the best method and currency for payment (such as wire versus ACH or payment in local currency versus payment in USD or EUR). The result is a simpler and more streamlined offshore payments solution funded by their local cash accounts or USD or EUR IPA accounts, depending on the client’s needs. Additionally, all of the client’s transactions are administered through a single and global electronic banking platform, CitiDirect Online Banking. Their transactions can be adminis-tered centrally while at the same time provide full functionality locally. This solution allows full integration with the company’s ERP system to automate upload of data and reconciliation.Learn MoreBacked by the Global Reach of CitiThe Citi International Payments Account is backed by an unmatched global network and suite of products designed to help you better manage accounts and information, as well as gain more control over your domestic and cross-border transactions. With an on-the-ground presence in over 102 countries with local currency clearing in over 70 countries, Citi is one of the major players in the global foreign currency market—and the financial partner of choice for hundreds of businesses around the world. For more information about the Citi InternationalPayments Account, contact your Citi representative.Citi Transaction ServicesCiti Transaction Services is a leading provider of integrated cash management, trade finance and securities servicesfor corporations, financial institutions, intermediaries and governments around the world. Citi’s award-winning operat-ing systems and Internet-based delivery channels enableclients to manage and monitor working capital and invest-ments more efficiently, streamline transaction processing cycles and re-engineer receivables and payment processes.Citi Transaction Services provides clients with access to Citi’s full range of capabilities and solutions along with an on-the-ground presence and in-depth knowledge of more than 90 local markets. For additional information go to.Citi Transaction Services© 2012 Citibank, N.A. All rights reserved. Citi and Arc Design and CitiDirect are registered service marks of Citigroup Inc.957956 GTS24668 05/12。
第六章支付条件Internationalpayments.
板期（Fixed Date）
/
2）Common version of a Bill of Exchange
Sight Draft Time Draft 60days after the date of this draft: 从出票之日起算 At 30 days’ sight:从见票之日起算
支
票 进口地银行 进口地银行
票 进口商 进口地银行
商业汇票 出口商
进口商或银行
/
Drawer
Banker’s draft Promissor y note Cheque Commerci al draft Bank in Importing country Bank in Importing country Importer
To draw
usance
Presentation
Acceptance
sight
Payment
/
4、汇票的转让和贴现
出 口 商
10万
A
9.5万
B
9.7万
C
9.8万
进 口 商
/
4、Endorsement and discounting
第六章 支付条件 International payments
Payment
顺汇 逆汇
L/C
/
商业信用 银行信用
Payment
Favorable exchange Commercial Credit
Adverse exchange
Bank Credit
L/C
6.2.1Payment methods under favorable exchange Remittance M/T
国际贸易支付手段
Major Remittance Methods
There are three basic ways for a bank to transfer funds for its client from the home country abroad.
1. M/T: Mail Transfer 2. T/T: Telegraphic Transfer 3. D/D: Banker’s Demand Draft 4. SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
Cash in Advance
Provides greatest security for seller and greatest risk for buyer The buyer simply prepays the seller prior to shipment of the goods. This term of payment requires that the buyer have a high level of confidence in the ability and willingness of the seller to deliver the goods as ordered
II. Basic Methods of International Payments and Settlements
Settlements on commercial credit 1. Cash in advance 2. Open account 3. Remittance 4. Collection Settlements on bank credit 1. Letter of credit 2. Bank guarantee
国际支付 International Payment
样例欣赏1A：Mr. Green, let，s have a chat about the mode of payment of our contract because we are going to negotiate with the seller about it tomorrow.甲：格林先生，我们来谈谈我们的合同的付款方式吧，因为我们明天就要和售货方谈此事了。
B;Sure乙：好的。
A ：Payment is an important part during the period of fulfilling the contract as well as in the whole business negotiation. Since this is the first time we will make purchase direct from Britain, we have to be careful.甲：付款是完成合同及整个商务谈判中的重要内容。
由于这是我们第一次从英国直接进口商品，我们得谨慎点。
B：Yes，what do you have in mind now, Mr. Liu?乙:是的，刘先生。
你现在对此有什么想法？A：Well, I have read some relevant materials about the payment in international trade.甲：哦，我读了些有关国际贸易付款问题的材料。
B: Yes, what do they say?乙：是吗。
这些材料都怎么说的？A: They say that, generally, there are four types of payment：cash in advance, documentary credit, documentary collection, and open account.Cash in advance means that the buyer prepays the seller prior to shipment of goods. Documentary credit is to pay through a bank’s commitment a specific sum on behalf of the buyer under precisely defined conditions.甲：这些材料说大概有四种付款方式:预付现金、跟单信用证、跟单托收和开放账户。
chapter10-payment
The main contents of a bill of exchange 1. The words “Bill of Exchange” or “Draft” 2. The date and time of issuance of the bill 3. The reference number of the bill 4. A specific sum in number and in words 5. The tenor, i.e. the period of credit 6. The name of the drawee 7. The name and signature of the drawer 8. The name of the payee or order or bearer 9. The endorsement of the payee when applicable.
Kinds of draft
1. Sight draft (sight L/C)(即期汇票) and Time draft (time L/C) （远期汇票） 2. Commercial bill （商业汇票）and banker’ bill （银行汇票） 3. Clean bill (光票)and documentary bill （跟单汇票） 4. Commercial acceptance bill (商业承兑汇 票)and banker’s acceptance bill （银行承 兑汇票）
Back
Bills of exchange Promissory note
Payment Instruments
Cheque
Back
Bill of exchange
• Definition • Persons involved in the bill of exchange • Types of bill of exchange • Main contents • Acts of bil of exchange
国际支付与结算考试
(一）名词解释(1)Presentment: A draft must be duly presented for payment if it is a sight bill or dully presented for acceptance first and then presented for payment at maturity if it is a time bill.(2) Acceptance: Acceptance of a draft is a signification by the drawee of his assent to the order given by the drawer.(3) Protest : A written statement under seal drawn up and signed by a notary public or other authorized person for the purpose of giving evidence that a bill of exchange has been presented by him for acceptance or for payment but dishonored(4) Endorsement: It is an act of negotiation.prerequisites for a valid endorsement:It should be normally effected on the back of a draft and signed by the endorserIt must be made for the whole amount of the draft. (5) Definition of International payments and settlements .International payments and settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts , debts, claims, etc, emerged in the course of political economic or cultural contacts among then.(6) Definition of collection 托收的定義----is an arrangement where by the goods are shipped and a relevant bill of exchange is drawn by the seller on the buyer, and/or shipping documents are forwarded to the seller's bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent bank located in the domicile of the buyer.（7）D/P(documents against payments)The collecting bank may release the documents only against full and immediate payment ,insofar as national ,federal or local laws or regulations do not prevent it.（8）D/A(documents against acceptance)The presenting bank may release the documents to the buyer against the buyer’s acceptance of a draft, drawn payable 30-180days after sight ordue on a definite date.(9)议付二、简答(1) Evolution of International Payments and Settlementsa: From Cash Settlement to Non-Cash Settlementb: From Direct Payment Made between International Traders to Payment effected through a Financial Intermediary(從貨商之間支接支付到通過金融中介進行支付)c: From payments under Simple Price Terms to Payments under More Complex price Terms(從使用简单贸易术语支付到使用复杂贸易术语支付)(2) Four kinds of endorsementsa: Blank Endorsement An endorsement in blank is one that shows an endorser's signature only and specifies no endorseeb: Special endorsement. A special endorsement is one that specifies an endorsee to whom or whose order the draft is to be paid, in addition to the signature of on endorser. For example, "Pay Hhn Smths"c: Restrictive endorsement: An endorsement is restrictive when it prohibits further transfer of the draft.For example "Pay John Smiths only" d: Conditional endorsement: A conditional endorsement is a special endorsement adding some word there to that create a condition bound to be merit before the special endorsee in entitled to receive payment.The endorsement is liable only if the condition is fulfilled（3）票据的性质1、流通转让性（negotiability)2、无因性（non-causative nature)3、要式性（requisite in form)4、提示性（presentment）5、返还性(returnability)6、设权性(Right Establishing)7、文义性(Word Meaning)三、填空题Chapter 2(1)Before the sixth century B.C. , goods were exchanged between traders in different countries on a (barter) basis.(2)A (coin) ended the barter transactions.(3)The shipment of gold or silver across national boundaries was both (expensive) and risky.(4)Nostro account means (our) account.(5)(Vostro) account means your account.(6)To Bank of China, a RMB account held by Bank of England is called (vostro) account(7)If a British bank has an account in Paris with a French bank, it will refer to that account as (nostro) account(8)Control documents are lists of (specimen of Authorized signatured), (Telegraphic Test Keys), (Terms and Conditions)and (SWIFT Authentic Key).Chapter 4(1)International remittance happens when a client (payer) asks his bank to send a sum of moner to a <beneficiary> abroad by one of the transfer methods at his option.(2)A (payment orde r,mail advice, or debit advice)is an authenticated order in writing addressed by one bank to anther instructing the latter to pay a sum oertain in moner to a specified person or a beneficiary named thereon.(3)Telegraphic transfer is often used when (the remittance amount is large) and (the transfer of funds is subject to a time limit). The only means of authenticating a cable transfer is the (test key).(4)Under D/D, upon receipt of the draft, the beneficiary can either present is for payment at the counter of the drawee bank or (sell it to his own bank for crediting his account).(5)The whole procedure virtually is done by entries over banking accounts, where the buyer's bank (remitting bank) <debits> his account and <credits> the account of the correspondent bank.(6)In time of war, one can transfer funds out of the enemy country bymeans of the (demand draft) in virtue of its negotiability.(7)The remitting bank under D/D is generally reluctant to stop payment on a draft issued by itself for this would mean an (act of dishonor) on its part which will have an unfacorable effect on its credit-worthiness.(8)A large number of international remittances are carried out by telecommunications (swiftness, r eliability, safety) and (inexpensiveness) are major advantages of transactions among member banks by means of SWIFT messages.(9)If the paying bank maintains the remitting bank's account, the reimbursementmay be effected by (debiting remitting banks nostro account)(10)Any methods of transfer may be used to transfer the payment before (delivery of the goods) from the ......Chapter 5(1)If the collecting bank is not located near the importer, it would send the documents to a (presenting bank) in the importer's city(2)In a documentary collection the bank, acting as the exporter's agent, regulates the tming and sequence of the exchange of goods for value by holding the (title documents) until the importer either ((pays the draft) or (accepts the obligation to do so ).(3)The clean collection method lacks the protection of the documentary collection. It is generally used in countries where a draft is needed for (legal) purposesor because it is required by (t he exchange control authorities )(4)Under documents againse acceptance, after acceptance, after acceptance, the buyer gains possession of the goods before (the payment is made) and is able to dispose of the goods as he wishes.(5)Collections serve as a conpromise between (open account) and (advance payment) in settlement of international transactions concluled by the implrter and the exporter.(6) (Inward collection) is a banking business in which a bank acting as the collecting bank receives the draft with or without shipping documents attached as well as the instructions from a bank abroad and endeavors to collect the payment or obtain the acceptance from the importers.(7)Collection bill purchased inbolves great risk for (the remitting bank) for lack of bank's guarantee, so they are seldom willing wo do so .(8)The collecting bank authorizing the release of title documents on (trust receipt) must realize that this financing requires a great degree of confidence in the reputation ,honesty , and integrity of the customer acting as trustee.(9)Under(D/P at sight), the seller issres a draft. The collecting bank presents the draft to the buyers. When the buyer sees it he must pay the money at once, then he can get the shipping documents.(10) The remitting bank sends (documents, draft and collection order) to the collecting/presenting bank in the importer's country that notifies the importer.Chapter 7(1)When the beneficiary presents the documents to his bank,he must follow the "3C principle" in his documentation, the "3C" represent (completeness, correctness, c onsistenly).(2)The credit is legally quite independent of the (underlying transaction)(3)If a letter of credit is issued by air mail, it ought wo be authenticated by (authorized signatures) and when issued by cable/telex it is authenticated by (test key).(4)The documents of the credit must (comply with ) the terms and conditions of the letter of credit on the one hand and they must ( comply with ) with each other on the other hand(5)The currency in which the credit is to be issued should be indicated as shown in the ( Iso currency code ）汇票的要义ＥＸＣＨＡＮＧＥfor USD5461.50 21st, August, 1995On 23rd October of this FIRST OF Exchange(Second of Exchange being unpaid)pay to Johnson & Smith Inc.or orderthe sum of FIVE THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRED AND SIXTY ONE US DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTSDrawn against shipment of wool from Australia to New YorkTO Irving Trust Company, New York For George Thomas Inc., New YorkSignature Experiment One Financial Instruments1.Please answer, fill the blanks in or make choice of the following questions. Exchange for GBP1,250.00 Beijing, 1 April, 200X At 90 days after sight pay to the order of DEF Co.the sum of Pounds one thousand two hundred and fifty onlyTo XYZ Bank, For ABC Co., Beijing London Signature__________Refer to the above bill you may understand that a bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing addressed by ___ ABC Co.___ to _ XYZ Bank ___ signed by __ ABC Co._______giving it requiring __ XYZ Bank ___ to whom it is addressed to pay_ At 90 days after sight _____ the sum of __ GBP1,250.00__ to __ the order of DEF Co.___.The holder of this bill is _ DEF Co.__who must firstly present it to _ XYZ Bank _for Acceptance_. At maturity, the holder must present it again for__Payment___.2. Fill in the following blank forms to draw four bills of exchange. Each bill includes the requisite items as follows:date:23 July., 200Xamount: USD35,461.50tenor: on 31 Oct., 2000 fixeddrawer: George Anderson Inc., New Yorkdrawee: Irving Trust Company, New Yorkpayee: Brown and Thomas Inc. or orderdrawn against shipment of cotton from Australia to St. LouisEXCHANGE for _ USD35,461.50___ _ New York _,_23 July.,200x_ on 31 Oct., 2000 fixed _____pay this first Bill of Exchange(Second of same tenor and date unpaid) to the order of ___ Brown and Thomas Inc. or order ___________________________________________________________________the sum of __Thirty-five Thousand Four Hundred and Sixty-one and 50/1000 US Dollars_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Drawn__ against shipment of cotton from Australia to St. Louis _______________________________________________________________________________________To__ Irving Trust Company _______ For__ George Anderson Inc.________ New York _____________ ____ New York _____3. Please answer, fill the blanks in or make choice of the following questions. Exchange for GBP5,000.00 London, 1 April, 200XAt 60 days after sight pay to the order of Bank of Australiathe sum of Pounds five thousand onlyTo The Importing Co. For The Exporting Co.Melbourne LondonSignature__________（1）refer to the above bill, the holder i.e. _ Bank of Australia has the right of __transferring__ it to _another______ person, or the right of presentment for ___acceptance___ and/or _____payment_______ to the Importing Co. Melbourne. If the latter refuses to pay, the holder has the right of ___recourse___against _the other parties thereto_.。
Chapter 15 International Payment
Chapter 15 International Payment§1 Instrument of paymentⅠ. Bills of exchange(draft/exchange) 汇票顺汇：票据的流通方向与资金的流通方向（付款方向）相同。
如汇付。
逆汇：票据的流通方向与资金的流通方向相反。
如托收、信用证付款。
例：在国贸中，Co.A是债务人，Co.B是债权人，A向B借款10万元，B向A索款，但A当时无力偿还，同时A是C的债权人，A开一张汇票给B，B可持汇票向C索款。
由此解决了两笔债务问题。
因此，逆汇在国贸中可解决债务连带问题。
1 . Definition of bill of exchangeA bill of exchange (or draft as it is sometimes called)is a written , dated and signed instrument thatcontains an unconditional order from the drawer that directs the drawee to pay a definite sum of money to a payee on demand or at a specified future date.汇票是一个人向另一个人签发的，要求见票时或在将来的固定时间，或可以确定的时间A(出票人) C(受票人)，付款时间对某人或其指定的人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件的书面支付命令B(受款人) 无条件：只能用Pay ，不能用Please Pay。
书面：不能口头表达，不能用铅笔填写。
L/C中，汇票主要是起一个付款凭证的作用。
2.Contents of bills of exchange(1) Indicating the word “draft”or “exchange”(2) An unconditioned order in writing书面的无条件的支付命令(3) Certain amount(4) Payer’s (drawee’s ) name, usually the buyer or its nominated bank(5) Date and place of issue出票日期与地点(6) Signature of the drawer, usually the seller3.Acts of bills of exchange汇票的使用presentDrawer issue payee payeraccept, pay(1)Issue出票The drawer draws and signs and delivers it to the payee.出票人填写汇票的有关项目，经签字后交给受票人的行为。
国际结算专业词汇
国际结算英语词汇整理Chapter 1国际结算是指国际间由于政治、经济、文化、外交、军事等方面的交往或联系而发生的以货币表示的债权债务的清偿行为或资金转移行为。
International payments and settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which either payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another for the purpose of settling accounts,debts,claims,etc.结算settlement交割delivery清算clearing有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade电子数据交换系统electronic data interchange EDI国际商会International Chamber of Commerce ICC结算方式：《跟单信用证统一惯例》Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits,ICC Publication No.600 即UCP600 国际商会第600号出版物《托收统一规则》Uniform Rules for Collections URCS22《见索即付保函统一规则》The Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees, ICC Publication No.458,1992 Edition URDG458《银行间偿付办法》Bank to Bank Reimbursements《合约保函统一规则》Uniform Rules for Contract Guarantees单据：《海牙规则》Hague Rules《汉堡规则》Hamburg Rules《联合运输单证统一规则》Uniform Rules for a Combined Transport Documents《伦敦保险协会货物保险条款》Institute Cargo Clauses ICC贸易术语trade terms交货临界点critical point of the delivery风险临界点critical point of the risk费用临界点critical point of the cost《国际贸易术语解释通则》Incoterms 2000见下表。
国际支付英文专业术语
国际支付英文专业术语1. “Wire Transfer”（电汇）This is like sending money through a super - fast digital pipeline. For example, when I was buying a product from an overseas seller, I used wire transfer to send the payment quickly. It's amon way in international payments, and it's pretty straightforward. You just tell your bank to send the money directly to the recipient's bank account. It's like a digital express delivery for your money!2. “Credit Card Authorization”（信用卡授权）Think of it as getting permission for your credit card to do a particular job. Let's say you're booking a hotel room abroad. They'll do a credit card authorization to make sure your card can cover the cost. It's a bit like when you ask your parents if you can borrow the car - they check if it's okay first. It gives the merchant the green light to charge your card later.3. “Foreign Exchange Rate”（外汇汇率）Oh boy, this can be a tricky one! It's like a seesaw between two currencies. For instance, when I was traveling to Europe, I had to keep an eye on the foreign exchange rate between the dollar and the euro. If the rate was good for me, I could get more euros for my dollars. It's constantly changing, and it can make you feel like you're on a rollercoaster - sometimes up, sometimes down.4. “Payment Gateway”（支付网关）This is the magic door that your money passes through when you're making an online international payment. Imagine you're shopping on a foreign website. The payment gateway is like the bouncer at a club. It checks if your payment details are valid and then lets the money through. For example, PayPal is a well - known payment gateway that many people use for international transactions.5. “SWIFT Code”（环球银行金融电信协会代码）It's like a secret code for banks. Every bank has its own SWIFT code. When I was sending money to my friend in another country, I had to know their bank's SWIFT code. It's kind of like a postal code for the banking world. Without it, your money might get lost in the big, confusing world of international banking.6. “International Remittance”（国际汇款）This is just a fancy term for sending money across borders. It's like sending a letter, but instead of words, it's money. For example, my sister works overseas, and I often do an international remittance to send her some extra cash. It can be a bit of a hassle sometimes, but it's a great way to support your loved ones far away.7. “Currency Conversion”（货币转换）This is when your money changes its form from one currency to another. It's like a magical transformation. Let's say you have pounds and you want to buy something in dollars. The bank or the payment service will do a currency conversion. It can feel a bit like trading in one kind of toy for another - you hope you get a fair deal!8. “Payment Processor”（支付处理器）These are the behind - the - scenes heroes in international payments. They're like the chefs in a restaurant. They take all the ingredients (your payment details) and cook up a successful transaction. For example, when you use a credit card for an international purchase, the payment processor makes sure everything goes smoothly.9. “Letter of Credit”（信用证）This is a big - deal document in international trade. It's like a safety net for both the buyer and the seller. Let's say apany in the US wants to buy goods from a Chinese factory. The USpany can get a letter of credit from their bank. It's like a written promise that they'll pay. The Chinese factory can feel more secure knowing that the money is basically guaranteed.10. “Chargeback”（退款）Oh, this can be a real headache or a huge relief, depending on who you are. It's like hitting the undo button on a payment. For example, if you bought something online internationally and it never arrived, you can request a chargeback. But for the merchant, it can be a nightmare if they think they did everything right.11. “Online Payment Platform”（在线支付平台）These are like digital marketplaces for your money. For example, Alipay is a very popular online payment platform in China that is also starting to be used more for international payments. It's like a shopping mall for your cash - you can go to different stores (merchants) and pay all in one place.12. “Bank Draft”（银行汇票）It's a piece of paper that's like a golden ticket to getting your money in another country. Let's say you're doing business with someone in another country and they don't trust electronic payments. You can get a bank draft from your bank. It's like a check that the other person can take to their bank and get the money.13. “Transaction Fee”（交易费用）Ugh, these can be a pain! It's like a little tax on your payment. For example, when I made an international transfer, the bank charged me a transaction fee. It's the price you pay for the convenience of moving your money around the world. Sometimes it feels like they're taking a little bite out of your hard - earned cash.14. “Payment Confirmation”（支付确认）This is like getting a thumbs - up for your payment. When you make an international payment, you'll usually get a payment confirmation. It's like when you finish a race and they give you a medal. It tells you that your money has been sent successfully.15. “Currency Pair”（货币对）This is like a dance between two currencies. For example, the EUR/USD currency pair is very popular. It shows the relationship between the euro and the dollar. It's like two partners in a ballroom dance - they move together and their values relative to each other change all the time.16. “Digital Wallet”（数字钱包）This is like a virtual purse for your money. For example, Apple Pay is a digital wallet. You can store your payment information in it and use it for international payments. It's super convenient, like having all your money and cards in one little digital place.17. “Merchant Account”（商家账户）This is the special account that merchants use to receive international payments. It's like their own little money - collecting box. For example, if you're a small business owner selling products online to international customers, you'll need a merchant account to get paid.18. “Payment Settlement”（支付结算）This is when all the accounting is done and the money officially changes hands in an international payment. It's like the final handshake in a business deal. For example, after all the processing and verification, the payment settlement occurs, and the seller gets their money.19. “Pre - authorization”（预授权）This is like a reservation for your money. For example, when you book a rental car overseas, they might do a pre - authorization on your credit card. It's like holding a spot for the actual payment that wille later when you return the car.20. “Exchange Rate Fluctuation”（汇率波动）These are the little earthquakes in the world of international payments. For example, the exchange rate between the yen and the dollar can fluctuate. It can make you feel excited if it moves in your favor or worried if it goes the other way. It's like the weather - you can't always predict it, but it has a big impact on your international financial transactions.Conclusion: Understanding these international payment English professional terms is really important whether you're a traveler, a business person, or just someone who likes to shop online from around the world. They can make your international payment experiences smoother and less confusing.。
CIPS人民币跨境支付系统
CIPS人民币跨境支付系统随着我国经济全球化的进程不断加快，跨境支付成为了国际贸易中一个不可忽视的环节。
为了提高跨境支付的效率和安全性，中国人民银行于2015年推出了CIPS（China International Payment System）人民币跨境支付系统。
本文将介绍CIPS系统的背景、功能和优势，并对其对我国经济和金融的影响进行探讨。
一、CIPS系统的背景在CIPS推出之前，中国的跨境支付主要依靠境外银行或境外支付系统进行处理。
这样的方式存在一定的不便和风险，例如支付管理的困难、资金安全性难以保障等。
为此，中国人民银行决定自行建立一个自主可控的跨境支付系统，以提高我国跨境支付的效率和安全性。
CIPS系统于2015年10月开通试运行，标志着我国成为第三个拥有自主跨境支付系统的国家。
CIPS系统是一个全球性的、各方参与的支付系统，能够覆盖全球范围内的人民币跨境支付业务。
二、CIPS系统的功能1. 支付结算功能：CIPS系统能够实现人民币跨境支付的各个环节，包括发起方银行、收款方银行和中介银行之间的支付结算。
2. 支付与凭证生成功能：CIPS系统能够将支付和相关凭证生成的环节进行整合，提高支付的效率和准确性。
3. 信息交换和协作功能：CIPS系统支持银行间的信息交换和协作，方便各方及时了解交易进展和处理问题。
4. 风险控制和监测功能：CIPS系统具备风险控制和监测的功能，能够及时发现和响应交易风险，提高支付的安全性。
三、CIPS系统的优势1. 提高效率：CIPS系统能够实现实时支付和结算，大大缩短了资金的传递时间，提高了跨境支付的效率。
2. 降低成本：借助CIPS系统，企业和个人可以直接发起人民币跨境支付，不再需要通过境外银行或支付系统，从而减少了中间环节和费用。
3. 增强安全性：CIPS系统具备强大的风险控制和监测功能，能够及时发现和应对支付风险，提高了跨境支付的安全性。
4. 促进人民币国际化：CIPS系统的推出为中国推动人民币国际化提供了有力的支持。
Unit-9-International-Payment-and-Settlement
number of the issuing bank.
Sight n. 1.视力; 视觉 例：He had his sight tested by a doctor.
4
2.看见, 瞥见 例：The sight of the garden bears back the days when we lived in
Paris. 3.风景; 名胜 例：The sunset was a very beautiful sight. adj. 见票即付的 短语：Sight draft 即期汇票 同义词组：on demand
Initiative n. 主动权；首创精神 adj. 主动的；自发的；起始的 短语：take the initiative ；seize the initiative
Correspondent
n. 1.通讯员, 记者
例：They said foreign correspondents who stayed too long in a
place went blind.
2. 代理商行
短语：Correspondent Bank [金融] 通汇银行；代理银行
《国际结算(英)》教学大纲
《国际结算（英）》教学大纲二、The feature and students of the courseThe course is open for the students majoring in International Finance, Accounting and International Trade. It will provide the students with a comprehensive overview of bank practices in international payments and settlements and introduce various techniques in international trade finance.三. The aim and requirements of the courseAim of the course：The overall aim of this course is to develop the students’understanding in international payments and settlements and to increase the students’ ability to conduct international banking practices. The students will develop a better understanding of the advantages as well as the risks involved in using these payments methods. By the end of the course, the students will be able to understand the documentation, international rules and regulations regarding international trade finance; to understand the principles of letter of credit, documentary collections, drafts, etc.; to understand the different types of letters of credit and their usages in practice. This course will also keep the students well informed of the latest developments in international finance.Requirements：In the course，the students are required to be able to draw a draft, issue and examine documents under a letter of credit, and apply the terms of UCP 500 and the upcoming UCP600 to analyze cases.四、Method of teachingThis course is mainly delivered by lectures and incorporates the use of exercises, cases and discussions.五、Content of the course and time allocationChapter One IntroductionClass hour :1Requirements：This chapter will make a general introduction of the course , the rough content of the international trade finance and its evolvement. The students are required to be familiar with the characteristics of the course and the main terms of trade such as in intercom 2000.Priority: feature of the international payments and settlementsContent:1.What are international payments and settlements2.Evolution of international payments and settlements3.Basic points for attention in international payments and settlements4.Characteristics of modern international payments and settlementsChapter Two Credit InstrumentsClass hour: 1Requirements：to understand the features, function and the parties of the negotiable instruments and to have a good grasp of the principle of the negotiable instruments.Priority：negotiation of instrumentContent :1.Characteristics of a negotiable instrument2.Functions of a negotiable instrument3.Parties to a negotiable instrumentChapter Three Bill of Exchange---Definition, Acts Class hour: 2Requirements：to learn the definition, principle and acts of the draft.Priority：feature of a bill of exchangeContent:1.What is a bill of exchange: As defined in the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 of the United Kingdom, a bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer.2.Acts of a bill of exchangeIssueEndorsementPresentmentAcceptancePaymentDishonourNotice of dishonourProtestRight of recourseAcceptance for honour supra protestPayment for honour supra protestGuaranteeChapter Four Bill of Exchange---Lost Bill, Discounting, Acceptingand Forfaiting a Bill, ClassificationClass hour:1.5Requirements：to grasp the discounting and acceptance of a draft and identify various types of draft.Priority：discounting and acceptance of a bill of exchangeContent:1.Lost bill of exchange2.Discounting, accepting and forfeiting a bill of exchange3.Classification of a bill of exchangeChapter Five Promissory NoteClass hour: 0.5 hourRequirements：have a better understanding of the feature of a promissory note and distinguish the difference of promissory note and draft.Priority: difference from bill of exchangeContent:1.What is a promissory note2.Characteristics of a promissory note3.Essentials to a promissory note4.Difference between a bill of exchange and a promissory noteChapter Six ChequeClass hour: 1Requirements：to understand the feature of a cheque and distinguish it from a draft.Priority：feature of a chequeContent:1.What is a cheque2.Essentials to a cheque3.Features of a cheque4.Countermand of payment5.Wrongful dishonour of a cheque6.Crossed cheques7.Difference between a bill of exchange and a chequeChapter Seven Correspondent Banking Relationships Class hour: 1Requirements：to realize the importance and necessity of establishing correspondent relationship.Priority：control documentsContent:1.Correspondent bank, branch, representative office, agency, banking subsidiary and affiliate2.Why establish correspondent banking relationship3.Which banks should become the correspondents4.How to establish correspondent banking relationship5.Control documents6.Expanding international banking business with the aid of foreign correspondentsChapter Eight RemittanceClass hour: 1Requirements：to understand the principle of remittance and the practices.Priority：advantage and disadvantage of remittanceContent :1.Parties related to a remittance2.Accounts between international banks3.Ways of transfer4.Methods of reimbursement5.Cancellation of the remittance6.Advantages and disadvantages of different ways of transferChapter Nine Terms and Methods of Payment in InternationalTrade---Payment in Advance, Open Account Business, Factoring,CollectionClass hour:2Requirements：have a better understanding of various methods of payment.Priority：factoring and collectionContent :1.Payment in advance2.Open account business3.Factoring4.CollectionWhat is a collectionParties to a collectionTypes of collections: Documents against payment (D/P)Documents against acceptance (D/A)Collection procedureRisks and advantages of collection methodLiability and responsibility of the banks doing collection businessChapter Ten Terms and Methods of Payment in International Trade-----Letters of Credit(L/C)Class hour: 6Requirements：to understand the principle of the letters of credit, to be acquainted with the rights and obligations of various parties of the L/C. to understand the features of different types of letters of credit and the procedure of issuing and usage of a credit and the practice of amendment of a credit.Priority：Characteristics of a letter of creditContent:1.What is L/C2.Characteristics of a letter of credit3.Functions, advantages and disadvantages of a letter of credit4.Parties to a letter of credit5.Contents of a letter of credit6.Classification of letters of creditDocumentary credit:Irrevocable creditConfirmed creditUnconfirmed creditSight creditUsance or time creditPayment creditDeferred payment letter of creditAcceptance letter of creditNegotiation creditRevolving creditTransferable creditBack to back letter of credit7.Procedures of letter of credit operations8.Amendment under a letter of creditChapter Eleven Terms and Methods of Payment in InternationalTrade---Letters of GuaranteeClass hour: 1Requirements：to understand the feature of a letter of guarantee, and its difference from a letter of credit. To be familiar with various types of letters of guarantee.Priority：nature of a letter of guaranteeContent:1.Nature of demand guarantee2.Parties to a letter of guarantee3.Contents and clauses under a guarantee4.Types of guarantees5.Points for attention in establishing a letter of guarantee6.Forms of a letter of guarantee7.Difference between a letter of guarantee and a letter of credit8.Cancellation of a guarantee9.Standby letter of creditChapter Twelve Documents-Draft, Invoice, Insurance PolicyClass hour: 1Requirements：to understand the feature of various documents, content and their functions and learn to make and examine various documents.Priority：to draw a draftContent:1.Draft2.Invoice3.Insurance policy or certificateChapter Thirteen Documents---Air Waybill, Road Waybill, Cargo Receipt, Parcel Post Receipt, Bill of LadingClass hour: 3Requirements: to understand the three functions of ocean B/L and distinguish it from other transport documents.Priority: Characteristics of the ocean B/LContent:1.Air waybill2.Road waybill, consignment note3.Cargo receipt, railway bill4.Courier receipt and post receipt5.Bill of ladingWhat is a bill of ladingThe functions of a bill of ladingParties to a bill of ladingTypes of bill of lading(1)Shipped on board bill of lading(2)Received for shipment bill of lading(3)Direct bill of lading(4)Transshipment bill of lading(5)Straight bill of lading or named consignee bill of lading(6)Order bill of lading, or negotiable bill of lading(7)Clean bill of lading and unclean bill of lading(8)Stale bill of ladingChapter Fourteen Documents—Combined Transport Documents,Miscellaneous DocumentsClass hour: 2Requirements：to understand multi-mode transportation documents and various export documents.Priority：combined transport documents and the difference between CTD and ocean B/LContent:bined transport documents2.Miscellaneous documentsConsular invoiceCertificate of origin and A GSP Certificate of origin Form ACustoms invoiceInspection certificatePacking listBeneficiary’s statementChapter Fifteen Documents examination and ReimbursementClass hour: 2Requirements：learn to examine documents against L/C and learn how to handle discrepant documents so as to better understand and apply UCP500 or upcoming UCP600.Priority：to grasp the skill of examining documentsContent:1.General principle2.Examining a draft3.Examining a commercial invoice4.Examining a certificate of origin5.Examining Marine Insurance Documents6.Examining a bill of lading7.Examining other documents8.Most common discrepancies9.Bank’s common practice if the documents presented do not meet the credit requirement10.Payment refused by the issuing bank11.Payment and reimbursement under a letter of creditChapter Sixteen Supplementary material: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-----1993 Revision (Publication No.500)Class hour: 4Requirements：In order to be familiar with the international regulations and uniform practices, we require the students to understand the mains articles of UCP 500 and learn application of the terms in banking practice.Content:all the articles of UCP 500 and introduction of upcoming UCP 600六. Practice and case discussionRequirements: In order to let students have an real experience in bank’s documentary credit operation, we’ll organize the students to issue a set of shipping documents according to an L/C and examine the documents. Finally the students will have a seminar dealing with cases of L/Cs subject to UCP 500.Class hour: 2 hours。
第十章 国际支付与结算2__2011 68页PPT文档
Credit means any arrangement, however named or
described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a
definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a
从而大大提高了银行的结算速度。由于SWIFT的格式具有标 准化，目前信用证的格式主要都是用SWIFT电文。
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2、Buyer’s Cheque 支票
3、Banker’s Draft 银行汇票
4、International Money Orders 国际汇票/国外汇票 国际汇票又称“国外汇票”。汇票签发和付款行为发生于国 外，或者汇票转让行为涉及到不同国家的汇票。 在贸易上，一般都是用外国汇票做为付款方式。买方如果不 付款就拿不到商品。另一方面卖方如果没有寄送商品（无论 是用装船或用飞机载运），同样也收不到现金．国际汇票连 接运送和付款，使买卖双方皆有保障。
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3.3 信用证的有效地点和日期（Date and place of expiry） E.g.：Expiry date :15th June，2019 in the country
（China） of the beneficiary for negotiation. 有效期限：2019年6月15日前，在受益人国家（中国）议付
Chapter 10 International Payment & Settlement II 国际支付与结算II
Contents:
International Money Transfer Types 国际货币转帐类型 Payment Methods 支付方式
国际支付 英文
International payment means in international economic activities of the parties to a certain payment instruments and means of payment, for a variety of economic activities of the international debt behavior. It is usually in the international trade occurs, by performing the obligation of paying money party to fulfill the obligation of an act.International economic activities in the use of more payment in two ways: direct and indirect payment. Direct payment is defined only by the international economic activities of the parties that the parties to the transaction relations with banks payment. Commonly used in practice are: remittance, collection, credit card. Transfer is a remittance method, namely by the buyer (debtor) proceeds through their bank to pay the seller (creditors). The collection and payment the credit belongs to inverse the way, from the seller (creditors) through the bank to Buyer (debtor) for payment. Indirect payment refers to the payment behavior in addition to both parties to the transaction and the outer banks, there are other subjects attended to the way. In practice, more and more use of international factoring is an indirect way of payment.A, Remittance.Remittance refers to remittance payment to the bank by bank remittance instruction, according to the beneficiary in a way of payment. Letter of credit belongs to, whether or not to pay depends on the importer (buyer) or a service recipient, payment is not guaranteed. Using this approach to international economic activities in the parties in terms of risk. Therefore, unless both parties have a relationship or a small amount of payment, general rarely use remittance.In the international payments, remittance is imported by the side of a direct payment, it can be divided into: M / T, T / T, D / d.a、Mail Transfer, M / T. Remittance refers to the remitter remits the payment for goods to local banks, issued by a bank payment orders by post office, sent to the payee bank located in the. Mail transfer cost is low, but the speed is slow.b、Telegraphic Transfer, T / T. Telegraphic transfer refers to the remitter asked local banks by cable or telex collections located bank payment to the payee. Due to the development of telecommunication technology, banks have established direct communication wire, low cost, low error rate.c、Demand Transfer, D / T. Draft refers to the remitting bank remitter applications, generation to open its foreign branch or agency of bank bill, to pay a certain sum of money to the payee a remittance.And mail, wire, in the draft, the remitter of the remittance voucher to the payee, the remitting bank and into the line is directed through a bill to make. The bill is a bank draft; the use of this settlement may have the advantage of the transfer of bills of exchange.B, Collection.Collection means the creditor bank by bill debtor loan to receive a payment. The collection of general practice: from the creditor (the seller) according to the invoice amount, draw a draft on the buyer to claim to the bank for the bank, through its debt to branch or other banks, to collect payment on behalf of the buyer. The most commonly used collection types are clean collection and documentary.C, Letter of Credit,Letter of Credit L / C is the credit issuing bank should ( referred to as the issuing bank ) the applicant application issued, in meet the credit requirements, depending on the letter of credit to pay for the benefit of a written certificate.Payment by L / C payment by the issuing bank is its own credibility for the seller to provide a written document payment guarantee. Usually, as long as the exporter by the credit conditions prescribed by the written documents, the bank must be unconditional payment, so the seller’s payment will be a reliable guarantee. And the importer can after payment to ensure compliance with credit terms all the shipping documents.D, International Factoring.International factoring business, international factoring, is developed for the widespread use of a short-term trade financing payment way. It has certain advantages for the import and export business. Modern international factoring business due to melting of modern information technology and international financial business at a suit, so its volume of business development is very rapid, has become the international trade payment means of effective competition.E, Banker's letter of guaranteeBanker's letter of guarantee, L/G. Also known as the bank guarantee, bank guarantee, or referred to as guarantee, it refers to the bank shall apply to the principal beneficiary of a written document; ensure that the applicant in accordance with the provisions of the contract, or by bank is responsible forpayment.F, The combined use of various means of settlementIn international trade business, the payment settlement transaction, can only use a settlement (usually), can also be based on need, such as different trade goods, different object, different trading practices, will be more than two kinds of settlement is used in combination with, or in favor of the transaction, or conducive to safe and timely collection, or to properly handle the payment of foreign exchange. Common use in the form of a different settlement:Remittance and binding, credit and collection, remittance and combined with the bank or credit uniona, Remittance and CombinationThis refers to a transaction of payment, part of a letter of credit to pay, the balance by remittance settlement. This settlement is often used to allow the combination form of delivery quantity of certain motor amplitude of certain primary products trade. In this regard, agreed, against shipping documents stipulated in the credit or prepayment invoice before shipment of prepaid amount, balance after arrival of the goods at the destination (Hong Kong) or by the inspection of the actual number of payment by remittance. Using this combined form, must first prescribed by the letter of credit and the remittance and payment of letter of credit according to the proportion of the amount of. b, Letter of Credit and Collection with.This refers to a transaction of payment, part of payment, with the balance collection. This combination of forms of the specific practice is usually: credit beneficiary (exporter) to open the two bills, which belongs to the part of the payment under the credit by clean payment, the balance will be shipping documents attached to the collection by draft drawn, spot or forward payment collection. The practice of export proceeds, more security, the importer can reduce mat gold, easily accepted by the two parties. But credit must prescribe the types of credit and payment and collection types, also must be prescribed" paid in full invoice amount before the presentation” clause.c, Remittance and Bank or Credit UnionRemittance and bank or credit union use form is often used in complete sets of equipment, large-scale machinery and large transport vehicles (planes, ships), loan settlement. This kind of product, the amount of the transaction, the production cycle of big, often ask the buyer to remittance advance part of thepayment or deposit, most of the remaining payment by the buyer according to the stipulations of the credit or open bond installment or delayed payment.In addition, remittance and collection, and combined with the collection and standby letters of credit or bank guarantee of nodes and form. We are to develop foreign trade business, whether the choice that a combined form, can be discretionary.In the international trade transaction usually adopts a mode of payment, but according to different countries and regions, different customers, different market condition and different supply situation, in order to put the goods into the international market, can be flexible, diverse means of payment and comprehensive utilization, enhance competition, to facilitate transactions, aimed at the time security Shoshoni, accelerate the capital turnover, gain good economic benefits.The different methods of payment and payment, deferred payment combination.In international trade, import and export business both sides negotiated for large equipment, complete sets of machinery and large vehicles transaction, can use the method of payment. This particular trade mode characterized by contracted goods amount is large, production cycle is long, testing means, strict and complicated delivery conditions product quality guarantee period is longer, can adopt two different payment methods, for example:Import and export business, both on the open letter of guarantee and installment of the combination.The importer according to the contract regulations issued bank guarantee (Letter of Guarantee ), and in accordance with the production schedule installment payment.Importers in order to protect themselves against the exporter, delay, or product quality and contract does not match, or default for some reason, it also requires exporters to provide guarantee ( Letter of Guarantee ).Prepaid and deferred payment, deposit combination.According to the contract by the importers to submit a certain amount as deposit, and in accordance with the contract provisions deferred payment. Deferred payment amount in the delivery department several years after the payment, also known as credit payment. The importer will tell, must be paid during the period of deferred payment interest.In practice, in addition to using the combined approach as a means of payment, there are some other ways to use, such as the use of some cash, partial collection, or partial amount of the letter of credit as a means of payment. Installment payment,full name is according to project progress payment or delivery. This is a long production cycle, expensive raw material or specifically for the buyer's production of some large-scale machinery and equipment, engineering projects, often used in the transaction of a payment. The specific approach is, in the contract after a period of time, the importer according to export to provide export license copy and bank issued refund guarantee ( guarantee export failure, responsible for payment of principal and interest of bank return ), pay a certain percentage of the purchase price, usually 5% ~ 15% as deposit. Thereafter, a plurality of payment, installment and the amount of each payment schedule, according to the nature of the goods, stage of processing or delivery schedule, by both parties agreed. The last payment is generally at the time of delivery or delivery or quality guarantee period expires. Therefore according to the installment terms of a contract, is actually a spot contract, the ownership of the goods after payment of the last part of payment transfer.Deferred payment is provided through the long-term credit to promote the export of machinery and equipment exports, particularly of a payment. In many countries, which belongs to the export credit of seller credit category. It is common practice, both parties in the contract, the contracting parties after a certain period, the importer with export to provide export license photocopy and export bank offer refund guarantee or standby letter of credit, the delivery of a part of the payment, is generally 5% to 15% as deposit, and then as the staging payment, according to the construction and delivery schedule, payment by installments of a small part of the payment, this part of the purchase price available since bill or promissory note to pay. Most of the rest of the payment, delivery is in after a period of time, usually 3 to 5 years, also can be as long as 15 years, staging (usually 1 per half year period) with interest payment. In deferred payment conditions, export turnover to itself needs to import, provide credit at the same time, need to bank loan funds, and the interest cost incurred, usually have to be transferred to the importer's account. As a result of deferred payment after delivery is mostly in a fairly long period of time in lay-bys, so it is a kind of credit, the seller is the buyer's use of the funds. In deferred payment occasions, such as the contract without special provisions, the ownership of the goods in general delivery transfer.。
international payment__ system
Balance of Bank B’s a/c
Balance of Bank A’s a/c
Bank B
Enquiry Link PC
Electronic payment system
接上页 BANK’S INSTRUCTIONS. - MAC / BC1A4AD8 : SAC =10222304 NNNN
Enquiry Link PC
MT 700 ISSUE OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT
M 27
M 40A M 20 O 23 O 31C M 31D O 51s M 50 M 59 M 32B O 39 M 41M O 42 O 43P
押工作。密押的组成根据电文中的货币名称、金额、日期以及每一个字符作 为编押依据，在每份电讯最后写上自动核押（SAC=SYSTEM AUTHENTICATION CORRECT）字样。 （4）SWIFT速度快，费用底，是普通电传的48~192倍，每份电讯的费用是普通 电报的2 / 3左右，是电传的1 / 7。
Draft Order to pay
2. Non-cash payment through banks The exchange of message and changes of account balances.
pay
present
Bank A
Draft & message(money transfer instruction)
Slice processor
User
Regional processor SWIFT Operating Center in Brussels SWIFT Operating Centre in Amsterdam
国际支付与结算1
第一讲1、What is International settlements?International settlements: are financial （金融的）activities, in which funds（资金、现金）are transferred from （从···调动）one country to another in order to settle accounts账户, debts债权, claims债务, etc.Types of型态international settlements：（1）trade settlements贸易结算: visible trade有形贸易（2）Non-trade settlements:①Invisible trade（无形贸易）: transportation运输, insurance保险, etc.②Financial transaction金融业务：foreign exchange market transactions外汇市场交易, international lending国际贷款, etc.③others：overseas remittances侨汇1.Evolution of International Settlements(1) cash settlement→ non-cash settlement(2) settlements against goods → settlements against documents(3) direct payment made between international traders →payment effected through banks(4)international settlements are combined with trade financingExchange settlement(2)From settlements against goods to settlements against documentssettlements against goodssettlements against documents①industry specialization：shipping industry, insurance industry②documents：bill of lading, insurance policy(3)From direct payment made between international traders to payment effected through banks①Settlements by banks: safe, speedy(4)international settlements are combined联合with trade financing贸易融资①Backgrounds背景：Development of Science & TechnologyO/A (open account)and methods of payment on commercial credit 商业信用are usedmore and more widelyThe seller needs more money in international trade②New types of international payment methods：International FactoringForfaiting3.Research Objects of International Settlements(1) instruments: bill of exchange, promissory, check(2) methods of International Settlements：Remittance, collection, letter of credit(3) documents under international settlements：Invoice, transport documents, insurance documents, certificate of origin, etc.(4) Methods associated with banks’guarantee:factoring, bank guarantee, forfaiting, etc.4.Characteristics of International Settlements①Settlements are subject to international uniform rules统一规则, customs and practices②Vehicle currencies are more diversified③Funds are transferred by payment systerm.International rules （1）国际贸易术语解释通则，2010年》(international rules for the interpretation of trade terms, 简称INCOTERMS，2010）《托收统一规则》（uniform rules for collections，简称URC522）《跟单信用证统一惯例》（uniform customs and practice for documentary credits, ICC Publication No.600, 简称UCP600）《跟单信用证项下银行偿付统一规则》（uniform rules for bank-to-bank reimbursements under documentary credits，简称URR725）International rules （2）《见索即付保函统一规则》（uniform rules for demand guarantees, ICC Publication No.758, 简称URDG758）《国际备用证惯例》（international standby practices，简称ISP98）《国际保理通则》（General rules for international factoring)Payment systermSWIFT（society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunication）：环球同业银行金融电讯协会CHIPS（clearing house interbank payments system）：纽约“清算所银行同业支付系统”CHAPS （clearing house automated payments system ）：伦敦“清算所自动支付系统”TARGET（Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross settlements Express Transfer System）：欧洲间实时全额自动清算系统What are SWIFT CODE, ABA ROUTINE NO., UID NO.①An American client sent an email：“I just got a call from my bank. The bank needs the routing number to complete the transaction. They state that USA bank does not use swift code. Please inquire about this to complete this transaction.”②Bank of china answered：THRU BANK OF CHINA NEW YORK BRANCH VIA CHIPS (ABA NO.0326) FOR CREDIT OUR A/C (UID NO.138679)。
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二、本票（PROMISSORY NOTE）
¤
¤
本票：是一个人向另一人签发的，保证于见票 时或定期或在将来的某个可以确定的时间，对 某人或其指定的人或持票人支付一定金额的无 条件的书面承诺。 本票的分类： 商业本票：由工商企业或个人签发的本票， 也称为一般本票。 银行本票：由银行签发的本票，都是即期的。 国际上使用较多。
证 行
④审证后备货、 开汇票、议付；
⑥寄汇票、货单 ⑦ 核对单据，无误付款
知 行
议 付 行
L/C 涉及到当事人
1、开证申请人（Applicant）或开证人（Opener) 2、开证银行（Opening Bank,Issuing Bank） 3、通知银行（Advising Bank,Notifying Bank
Delinquent： adj. 1. 违法的;有过失的;(尤指青年人或其行 为)有违法倾向的 2. (债务、账目等)拖欠的, 到期未付的 delinquency：n.犯罪 juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 delinquent accounts 拖欠的账户
Magnify：1. 放大; 扩大;增强2. 夸大;夸张 Unavoidable：不可避免的 correspondence ：通信，信函往来 Dispatch：派遣，调度，处理（贸易：发送） Liable：有责任的 be liable for sth.: 为··负责 ·· be liable to do sth. 可能做某事/按照法律做某事 Non-payment: 无力支付（账单、税款等）
Letter of credit
信用证是一种银行开立的有条件的承诺付款 的书面文件。
Circulation of L/C:信用证流程
进口商 开证申请人
⑧通知进口人 付款
合同
出口商 （受益人）
⑤ 议 付 行 垫 付
付 款 行
⑨ 赎 ①申请开证（填申请 ③核对后递 单表、押金或其他保证） 交出口人 收 货 ②开证寄出/电开 通 开
（1） presentation for payment 付款提示 （2） presentation for acceptance承兑提示
3、 Acceptance承兑 （针对远期汇票，须有“承兑（accepted）”字样并 签名） 4、 Payment付款
汇票一经承兑，付 款人就成为汇票的承 兑人（Acceptor）， 并成为汇票的主债务 人，而出票人成为汇 票的次债务人。
International Payment
国际支付
content
The tools of international payment(支付工具) draft or bill of exchange汇票; promissory note本票; check支票 The terms of international payment：支付方式 L/C信用证； collection托收 remittance汇付； cash in advance预付货款； open account赊账
Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销L/C Revocable L/C 可撤销L/C
撤销L/C的限制性条件：
•《UCP500》规定：若L/C中未表明 “不可撤销”或“可撤销”，应视 为不可撤销L/C
以是否有另一家银行加以保兑
Confirmed L/C：保兑信用证 irrevocable， confirmed L/C:保兑不可撤销信 用证：经过保兑银行对信用证以银行的名义 保证在接到符合信用证条款的单据后，立即 付款，即便是开证行不付款，保兑行也会付 款。 Unconfirmed L/C: 不保兑信用证
汇票、本票和支票有何不同
性质 汇票 当事人 期限 即期和远 期， 远期需承 兑， 可开出一套 无条件书 面支 出票人、 付款 付命令 人和受款 人。 承兑后主 债务 人是承兑人 无条件书 面支 出票人、 付款 付命令 人和受款人
支票Βιβλιοθήκη 本票只有即期 的， 必须有存 款保 证 无条件书 面支 出票人和 受款 只有即期 银行 付承诺 人，出票 人始 本票，远 期商 终是主债务人 业本票不 需承 兑。只开一张
Differences between draft and promissory note
Draft：（drawer，drawee， payee） Promissory note（drawer， drawee） 本票出票人是付款人，远期本票无须办理承 兑手续；而远期汇票则要办理承兑手续 本票的出票人是绝对的主债务人；而汇票的 出票人在承兑前是主债务的，承兑后，承兑 人是主债务人。
按兑付方式划分
《UCP500》明确规定，所有L/C必须清楚地表明该证适用于 即期付款、延期付款、承兑或议付。 1、即期付款L/C（Sight Payment L/C） 该种L/C一般不需要汇票 2、延期付款L/C（Deferred Payment L/C）或无承兑远 期L/C 该L/C不使用远期汇票，出口商不能利用贴现市场资金。 3、承兑L/C（Acceptance L/C）或银行承兑L/C 承兑信用证一般用于远期付款的交易。
5、 Endorsement 背书：持票人在汇票背面签名，或再加上受 让人的名字，并把汇票交给受让人的行为 （1）背书方式 Blank Endorsement空白背书或不记名背书 Special Endorsement 特别背书或记名背书 （2） Prior party（前手）与Subsequent party（后手） 前手对后手负有担保汇票必然会被承兑或付款的责任。 （3）贴现（Discount )尚未到期的远期汇票承兑后，由银行 从票面金额中扣减一定的贴现息后，将票款提前付给持票 人的行为。 6、拒付（Dishonor）也称退票，持票人在提示要求付款或承兑 时，遭到拒绝。或付款人拒不见票、死亡或宣告破产，以致于 付款事实上已不可能时。 持票人可凭拒绝证书（PROTEST）向前手背书人行使追索权 （RIGHT OF RECOURSE）。 注：以上步骤中，即期汇票不需经过承兑步骤。
通知行只负责鉴别L/C的真实性，不承担其他义务。
4、受益人（Beneficiary） 5、议付银行（Negotiating Bank）、押汇银行或 银行 6、付款银行（Paying Bank） 7、保兑银行（Confirming Bank ）
保兑银行具有与开证银行相同的责任和地位。
贴现
信用证分类： 以开证行所负的责任划分
bill of exchange (1)
汇票 编号 汇票 金额 付款 期限 受款 人 出票 日期
汇款 金额
信用 证号 开证日 期 付款 人
出票 条款
出票人 签章
Bill of exchange(2)
The utilization of draft(汇票使用)
1、draw 出票 There are three kind of expression of payee 受款人（抬头）三种 （1） Restrictive Payee（限制性抬头） （2） To order（指示性抬头） （3） To bearer (持票人或来人抬头) 2、 Presentation(提示)
Documents against Acceptance （D/A）承兑交单
指出口人的交单以进口人在汇票上承兑为条件。 即出口人在装运货物后开具远期汇票，连同商业单 据，通过银行向进口人提示，进口人承兑汇票后， 代收银行即将商业单据交给进口人，在汇票到期时， 方履行付款义务。由于承兑交单是进口人只要在汇 票上办理承兑之后，即可取得商业单据，凭以提取 货物。所以，承兑交单方式只适用于远期汇票的托 收。 缺点：出口商或者托收行风险性较大
Draft or bill of exchange 汇票
Definition：一个人向另一个人签发的，要求见票 时或在将来的某个固定的时间，对某人或其指定的 人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件的书面支付命令。 汇票的基本当事人 Drawer：出票人； Drawee：受票人或付款人； Payee ：收款人
支票（CHEQUE 或CHECK）：
以银行为付款人的即期汇票，即存款人 对银行的无条件支付一定金额的委托或 命令。 出票人在签发支票后，应负票据上的责 任和法律上的责任。
开出空头支票要负法律责任
支票分类
支票可分为现金支票和转账支票 支取现金或转账，通常可由持票人或收款人自主选 择，但一经划线只能通过银行转账，而不能直接之 支取现金 划线支票： 在票面左上角上划两条平行的横线，不 能提现，只能委托银行收款。 支票也可由付款银行加“保付”字样并签发而成为 保付支票。付款银行保付后就必须付款。 支票的效期。支票的持票人应当自出票日起10日内 提示付款。
汇票种类
1、按照出票人不同
（1）银行汇票（Banker’s Draft） （2）商业汇票（Commercial Draft）
2、按照有无随附货运单据
（1）光票（Clean Draft）或净票、白票 （2）跟单汇票（Documentary Draft ）
3、按照付款时间的不同
（1）即期汇票（Sight Draft） （2）远期汇票（Usance Bill or Time Bill）