剑桥商务英语教程 Unit18- Future- trends
新编剑桥商务英语中级第三版精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版新编剑桥商务英语中级第三版MODULE 1To: All StaffFrom: Ray BonnerDate: 24th JuneSubject: Trial of flexitime systemFurther to our previous meeting, we are pleased to be able to confirm that the new flexitime system will come into operation as from 1st August. The system applies to all administrative and office staff. May I remind you that any production staff on the current shift system remain unaffected by these changes.From:Hi, RonaHow are you? I got a note to say you called. Great news that you p assed your final exam! I’m sorry that I didn’t get back to you but it’s been crazy here. The network was down for three days so all our customers were receiving the wrong orders! Anyway, how about meeting for lunch this week? If you can’t make it, don’t fo rget the party this weekend. Do you want me to pick you up at 8?See you soon,EveDear Mr. Hynes:RE: Replacement of item 00-A104With regard to your letter dated 12th June, I am writing to confirm that we can offer you a replacement item and this will be sent out today. I would like to apologize for the delay with this.Unfortunately, this was due to recent changes to our network. On behalf of Lar Bonner I would like to thank you for your custom. We look forward to working with you again in the future.Yours sincerelyEvelyn BoerCustomer ServicesTel: 0207 865 849You are a manager at Lar Bonner. After a meeting with staff, the company has agreed to extend parental leave for fathers from two weeks to three weeks. Write a memo to all staff.Refer to the previous meeting.Say when the new system will begin (25th September).Remind staff that their managers need one month’s notice. To: All StaffFrom: (Name of student)Date: 25th JulySubject: Parental LeaveFurther to our previous meeting, I am pleased to confirm that parental leave for fathers has been extended to three weeks. The new system will come into operation as from 25th September. May I remind you that your managers will require one month’s notice? MODULE 21. Read the application for a job. Write the verb in brackets in the past simple, present perfect or present perfect continuous.Dear Sir or Madam,I __Saw__ (see) your advert for the post of Client Services Executive in yesterday's newspaper and I would like to apply for the position.As you can see from my attached CV, I _have been working_ (work) for my current company for over two years. I _joined_ (join)Mackintyre and Co in 2007 and since then, I _have had_ (have) many opportunities to develop my skills. However, I _ have been considering_ (consider) a career change with a new challenge for a number of months and this seems like the perfect moment to make that move.I see from recent press reports that your company _has expanded/has been expanding_ (expand) its operations in China and therefore I would like to draw your attention to my degree in Oriental Studies and Mandarin which I _completed_ (complete) in 2006. Combined with my current MBA, which I _ have been studying_ (study) for part-time at the local university, I feel that I。
新编剑桥商务英语(高级)第三版3.1
MODULE 3 BUSINESS TOPIC3.1 Communication at workVOCABULARY Mean of communication1What does this quotation mean to you?‘Think like a wise man but communication in the language of the people.’W.B. Yeats, poet (1865-1939)2 Delete the verb that does NOT go with each type of business communication.0 an email send /draft /post1 a phone call do/make /receive2 a press release put up /issue/put out3 an advertising campaign launch/run /make4 a presentation give /make/ tell5 a meeting or seminar hold /attend /carry out6 a report produce/run/publish7 a notice put out/put up/ display8 a memo to all concerned publish/send out/circulate9 information on the Internet post/make/put3 For which of the following would you feel most confident using your English?And least confident? Discuss with your partner.a presentation a meeting a phone call a report an email4 Discuss these quotations with your partner.●Have you had good experiences of dealing with companies through callcentres?●Do you shop on the Internet? WHY? /WHYNOT?●With which products or services is face-to-face contact helpful? With which isit unnecessary?5 Read the five extracts from the magazine Management Now on page27 andthen match each of the eight statements (1-8) with one of the extracts. You will need to use some of the texts more than one.0 You can gather a lot of customer data with modern computer systems. A1 One future trend will be more direct contact between companies and their customers._____2Business hasn’t really changed, only the media of communication._____3Companies need to think about which channel is most appropriate to their customers ’needs._______4Customers are frequently frustrated by not being put though quickly to the person they need to speak to._____5There is less human interaction nowadays, but this isn’t necessarily bad for the customer.________MANAGEMENT NOW. APRIL ISSUEBetter communication?‘THE MORE ELABORATE OUR MEANS of communication, the less we communication.ˊThese were the words of Joseph Priestly over 200 years ago .But if that was true then ,what would he make of communications technology today?Natalie Fitzgerald asked five people working in the field what they thought.A Bill Osmond, data analystI think he’s got a good point. Powerful IT systems give companies enormous amounts of information on customer behavior, but it’s what they can do this data that matters.A good example in recent years was Centrica, the British utility company. It acquired a big portfolio of different companies and then spent huge amounts of money on an IT system designed to cross-sell its various products and services-financial services, telephone contracts, energy supply and so on _to the customers in its different businesses. But they never managed to do it, because their IT people were unable to merge all the customer databases or to make them talk to each otherB SARAH BRIDGESTONE, former call centre managerAbsolutely. Call centres can more often act as a barrier than a help. Talk the example of a well-known mobile phone operator. When a customer calls, he’s given a list of options to choose from: dial I for bill enquiries, 2 to upgrade his handset, 3 if he has a technical problem, 4 if he’s thinking of leaving the company. From each of these he’s taken through another list of options. If he still can’t find what he is looking for, he’s invited to ‘stay on the line until an operator becomes available’. This can take up to ten minutes, by which time he is now seriously thinking of going back to option 4 and cancelling his contract. It really seems counter-productive.C DOUG COOK, bank managerThere is no doubt that modern communication channels have depersonalized a lot of customer contact. Banks have been doing this for years, trying to commoditise the service that they offer so that they can rationalize it and make it cheaper to deliver Most transactions- bank deposits, cash withdrawals, issuing of statements-have been automated whether at a cash machine, over the phone or online. This has saved companies and the customer money. But cost-cutting is by no means the only driver- it’s a trend also driver by customer demand for a quick and flexible service.D FARHANA PATEL, online retailerIt’s just about convenience. Whether I text you a message or tell you the same message face-to-face, it’s still a message. The growth of Internet shopping compared to that of high street shopping shows very clearly that customers want cheaper and more accessible services. Sellers like the convenience too of course. eBay started out as a market place for individuals but, increasingly, companies have used it to sell products direct to consumers. In face it’s not very different f rom a traditional market place. There is still a community of buyers and sellers who talk to each other and do business just the same as if they were dealing face-to-face.E BRIAN MACWHINNEY, management consultantBusinesses are often too quick to embrace new technology in order to save money or gain a competitive advantage. But applying the same solution to all types of business is never a good idea. There are cultural factors to consider. Using a call centre in India to handle enquiries about train times on railways in Europe is a bad idea because it isn’t suited to customers’ expectations. On the other hand, a European customer of a computer company doesn’t really mind if his technical problem is solved by a call centre operator in India or Ireland or Al aska, because it doesn’t require any cultural knowledge. Good communication is about finding the right channel. In time, I expect we’ll see a return to more face-to-face contact with customers and more local services. SPEAKING 1 Which of the following do you find useful? When do you use it? Why?mobile phone email SMS MSN Blackberry2 Decide the best ways to communication the following messages.first letter has been written for you).0 To answer somebody, you give a reply.1 To ask for something, you make a r_____.2 To help someone remember, you give them a r_____.3 To suggest or recommend something, you make a p_____.4 To say something publicly, you make an a______.5 To say sorry you make an a______.6 To insist that someone does something, you make a d_____.GRAMMARGrammar TipOften verbs that express a similar notion will take the same form, eg dissuade discourage, deter are all followed by someone from doing.This can also be the case with opposite notions, eg agree and refuse +to do.I discouraged him from applying for the job.I dissuaded him from applying for the job.Verb patternsIn the email below, all the forms following the communication verbs (discuss, apologise etc) are underlined. Some are incorrect. Correct them.Dear Jimfor givingfor givingFirst of all, I would like to thank you (0) about giving up your time to help us.It’s very kind of you to agree (1) working with us on this project-I know you are very busy. When we last met, we discussed (2) about creating a special team to deal with complaints from customers. I have since had a meeting with Sarah, the head of theCustomer Services team, and I have persuaded her (3) to join us. She suggested (4) to meet next week to put a plan in place. In the meantime, she is going to encourage her team (5) for giving their ideas.I must just tell (6) to you something which happened last week that shows how much we need a better system for dealing with complaints.Last week, a customer rang to complain (7) about having to wait one month for delivery of a DVD player. He accused us (8) to keep his money so that we could earn interest on it before delivering the product. The sales person who answered the call offered (9) giving him a discount, without even checking the history of the order. When I checked, I discovered an email from us in forming the customer when he thought the product (10) that there will be a one-month delay in delivery. The salesman was very defensive and said that he couldn’t be criticized (11) of trying to keep the customer happy!So you see, we’ve got a lot of work to do. Looking forward to hearing from you. Best wishesKarenPS Remind me (12) to pay for lunch next time!5 Put the words below into their correct place in the table.urge threaten propose undertake praise blame recommend deny convince6 Complete these sentences.0 They threaten to take us to court if we didn’t pay them immediately.1 It’s a very sensitive issue. I suggest __________ an anonymous email.2 Once, in a restaurant, I complained ___________ and the manager told us to leave.3 What a waste of time! We spent three hours discussing___________.4 The company offered__________, but amazingly she refused.5 I’ve promised ___________ by tomorrow morning.6 I can’t believe you had to remind him ____________. That’s h is job.7 The regulator accused the company ______________ in its advertisements. GRAMMER 1 Talk about one of the situations 1-4, answering the following questions. Remember to use the correct verb patterns.●When did it take place?●What happened?●Who was there?●What was sai d1 an unusual presentation or talk that you attended2 a memorable job interview you had3 a meeting where two people disagreed strongly4 an interesting business proposition that was made to youWhen I was in my final year of university, a friend asked me if I wanted to join him in a new business venture. Before I could agree to do it, I had to be sure that it was…LISTENIING Dealing with problems2 Look at this customer charter published on the website of Penco Telecommunications. How is it intended to make you feel about the company? Do you believe their promises?Penco Telecommunications… service is our passionCustomer charterOur promise. We will:respect your privacy and keep your detail confidential.offer you the best rates for national and local calls: if you find better, we’ll refund the difference.answer your calls to our customer service centre within three rings.be punctual for service visit appointments(never more than one hour late).give you impartial advice on the best telephone and technology package for you. answer any email within four hours and any letter within five days.carry out satisfaction surveys each three months to ensure you are happy with our service.3 3.1 Listen to this phone conversation between an angry customer and a call centre operator for PencoTelecommunications.1What is the customer’s problem?2What solution s does the operator suggest?3Which one does the customer accept?4 3.1 Listen again and complete the phrases that the operator uses to deal sensitively and efficiently with the problem. Use 1-3 words for each space.1 I ____________ the wait, sir.2 Can I have your number and I__________ it straightaway?3 Don’t worry, I’ll________ to you.4 He can be there by 6 pm._______________ convenient?5 I __________ understand. In ____________, I’m going to have to reschedule him for another day.6 I ____________ what I can do. Please just___________ for a moment.7 Would that be___________________?8 If you ____________ tell me your mobile number, I can get that activated immediately.SPEAKING Handling calls sensitively5 Work with a partner. Take it in turns to make the call or receive the call. Study each situation and then act out the telephone conversation. Deal sensitively with each problem. Look at the notes below and prepare your telephone calls.Student A1 You work for a parcel delivery company. Your computers have been behaving strangely today. Receive the call from a customer.2 You ordered a fish tank from a mail order company. The picture in the catalogue showed a complete fish tank with heater, air pump and fish. But when it arrived it was just a glass box. Telephone to complain.3 It is 6:30 in the morning. You rec eive a call from someone that you don’t know.You don’t like receiving unsolicited calls at home.4You work in the service department of an electricity company. You receive a request which is not really possible to satisfy.Students B1 You have ordered delivery of a new laptop computer. When you track the order onthe internet, you find that it has gone from Ireland to HongKong. You live in London. Telephone to find out what’s happening.2 You work for a mail order company that supplies aquariums and accessories. You receive a call from an unhappy and confused customer.3 You work for a promotions company for a fitness club. You call potential customers in the evenings to offer them a free month’s trial of their local gym. Mak e the call.4 While at work you suddenly realise that you have left your iron on at home –in a small village one hour’s drive away. Telephone the electricity company to see if they can cut of the electricity supply to your house.。
初级商务英语Unit18
Unit 18Factory tourPrepositions of place1. ListeningA Plant Manager is showing some visitors around an electronic assembly plant that makes printed circuit boards. As you listen, match each object with the phrase describing its location. The first one has been done for you.Listening taskRight. Basically there are three parts of the plant-the supply are, the assembly area and the despatch area.So let’s start here in the supply area. The raw materials come by truck and are off-loaded onto a conveyor. The conveyor takes them into the supply room. As you can see, this room is divided into three storage areas. On the shelves we store the electronic components. Stacked up against the wall are the boards and between the boards and the shelves we store the chemicals used in the process.Right, let’s go through into the assembly area. In this first part, the boards are cut into shape. There is one passing through the cutter now and then holes are drilled into the board... the boards come out of the drilling machine and then the components are inserted into the holes. If we go across to the other side, you’ll see the boards coming off a conveyor.So the assembled boards then go into the despatch area, which is behind this door. The boards are sorted according to their type and size over here-on this big table. Then they are stacked in front of this table here. And finally they are packed in boxes ready for despatch.Supply areaObject1. raw materials2. conveyor3. components4. boards5. chemicalsLocation phrasea. takes them into supply roomb. stacked against the wallc. off-loaded onto a conveyore. stored between the boards and shelvesf. stored on shelves.Assembly areaObject6. boards7. holes8. boards9. components10. boardsLocation phrasef. come out of drilling machineg. inserted into boardsh. pass through a cutteri. come off a conveyorj. drilled into boardsDespatch areaObject11. assembled boards12. despatch area13.boards14. boards15. boardsLocation phrasek. stacked in front of tablem. Go into despatch arean. Packed in boxeso. behind this door2. PresentationNotice how the following prepositions are used to refer to place:请见附图183. Controlled practiceComplete the following sentences with an appropriate preposition.1. London lies ___________ the River Thames.2. I’ll meet you _______ the airport. (i.e. the terminal building)3. I’ll meet you _______ the airport. (i.e. that point on the map)4. (looking at a map) I can’t fin d Tweedale Street at all. It must be _________ the map.5. Cologne is _________ Bonn and Dusseldorf.6. We walked _________ the main hall to the conference room.7. My car is parked ______ _______ _______ the building.8. Where’s Peter? He just walked ________ ________ the office.9. Come _______ my office. We can talk in private there.10. On a clear day, you can see _______ the Channel _______ France.11. Now I remember the bridge. It’s ______ the River Avon12. Exhausted after the meeting, he dropped his briefcase ________ the desk.13. He put the document _________ the safe.14. I took the letter ________ ________ the filing cabinet.15. The ship sails _________ Hamburg __________ Stockholm.16. The tunnel will built 100 metres ________ sea level.课文注释及词汇讲解* basically 基本地e.g. Basically there are three parts of the plant—the supply area, the assembly area and the despatch area.工厂基本由三个部分组成——供货区、装配区和发货区。
(完整版)剑桥商务英语中级考试历年真题荟萃
剑桥商务英语中级考试历年真题荟萃注：这里讲解的题目是人邮版第四辑真题TEST 1 阅读部分的Part one.Questions 1-7Look at the statements below and the article about the development of future business leaders on the opposite page.Which section of the article (A, B, C or D) does each statement (1-7) refer to?For each statement (1-7), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use some of these letters more than once.1 Managers need to take action to convince high-flyers of their value to the firm.2 Organisations need to look beyond the high-flyers they are currently developing.3 There is a concern that firms investing in training for high-flyers may not gain the benefits themselves.4 Managers need expert assistance from within their own firms in developing high-flyers.5 Firms currently identify high-flyers without the support of a guidance strategy.6 Managers are frequently too busy to deal with the development of high-flyers.7 Firms who work hard on their reputation as an employer willinterest high-flyers.The Stars of the FutureA Existing management research does not tell us much about how to find and develop high-flyers, those people who have the potential to reach the top of an organisation. As a result, organisations are left to formulate their own systems. A more effective overall policy for developing future leaders is needed, which is why the London Business School has launched the Tomorrow's Leaders Research Group (TLRG). The group contains representatives from 20 firms, and meets regularly to discuss the leadership development of the organisations' high-flyers.B TLRG recognises just how significant line managers are in the process of leadership development. Unfortunately, with today's flat organisations, where managers have functional as well as managerial responsibilities, people development all too often falls victim to heavy workloads. One manager in the research group was unconvinced by the logic of sending his best people away on development courses, 'only to see them poached by another department or, worse still, another firm'. This fear of losing high-flyers runs deep in the organisations that make up the research group.C TLRG argues that the task of management is not necessarily about employee retention, but about creating 'attraction centres'. 'We must help line managers to realise that if their companies are known as ones that develop their people, they will have a greater appeal to high-flyers,' said one advisor. Furthermore, selecting people for, say, a leadership development programme is a sign of commitment from management to an individual. Loyalty can then be more easily demanded in return.D TLRG has concluded that a company's HR specialists need to take action and engage with line managers individually about their role in the development of high-flyers. Indeed, in order to benefit fully from training high-flyers as the senior managers of the future, firms must actually address the development of all managers who will be supporting the high-flyers. Without this, managers will not be in a position to give appropriate advice. And when eventually the high-flyers do move on, new ones will be needed to replace them. The next challenge will be to find a new generation of high-flyers.首先得搞明白的是这篇文章到底讲的什么。
剑桥商务英语教程 Unit18- Future- trends
Answers
1 service industries 2 electronic immigrants 3 cash 4 smart cards 5 information
1
W: Do you think cash will become unnecessary in the next century?
M: Oh, I’m sure it will. People will use credit cards or other forms of plastic money, so no one will need cash as well.
I: Finally, what about investment?
G: We think that investment will increase next year. Companies have to put more money into computer systems and into making their factories more modern.
Production
↓
Inflation up- we can’t
afford to buy things
Exports
↓
Strong currency- people
abroad can’t afford to buy our products
Imports
↑
People will buy more
Interviewer: Today we have Bob Green, an economics expert, in the studio with us. Bob, could you tell us something about the economic forecasts for next year? For example, what will happen to inflation?
TPO18 speaking
TPO-181.Imagine your life ten years in the future. Talk about one way you thinkyour life will be different in ten years than it is now. Use details to explain your answer.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to learn about other cultures.Use details and examples to explain your opinion.3.University Choir to Enter Off-Campus Singing CompetitionsCurrently, the university choir gives singing concerts only on campus. Next year, however, the choir will add competitive events at other locations to its schedule. The choir’s new director feels that entering singing competitions will make the quality of the choir's performance even better than it is now. "Competitions will motivate students in the choir to pursue a higher standard of excellence in singing," he said. In addition, it is hoped that getting the choir off campus and out in the public will strengthen the reputation of the university s music program. This in turn will help the program grow.The man expresses his opinion about the change described in the article. Briefly summarize the change. Then state his opinion about the change and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4.Relict BehaviorIn general, animals act in ways that help them to survive within their specific habitats. However, sometimes an animal species may display a behavior that no longer serves a clear purpose. The original purpose for the behavior may have disappeared long ago, even thousands of years before. These behaviors, known as relict behaviors, were useful to the animal when the species' habitat was different: but now, because of changed conditions, the behavior no longer serves its original purpose. Left over from an earlier time, the behavior remains as a relict, or remnant, long after the environmental circumstance that influenced its evolution has vanished.Using the example of the pronghorn and lion, explain the concept of a relict behavior.5. Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for yourrecommendation.6. Using points and examples from the talk, explain the concept of diffusion.。
剑桥商务英语中级unit-8
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‘Why don’t my staff do what I ask them?’
‘I’m really prefer working on my own. I get so much more done.’
Grammar: -ing form and infinitive
1. Compleion between Sergio and his training manager. Write the verb in brackets as an –ing form or infinitive.
剑桥雅思11-18大作文题目汇总
剑桥雅思11-18大作文题目汇总The Cambridge IELTS series is a widely recognized and trusted resource for individuals preparing to take the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) exam. Within this series, the writing section often presents thought-provoking essay prompts that require candidates to articulate their thoughts on a variety of topics. In this response, we will explore a comprehensive overview of the various essay prompts from Cambridge IELTS 11-18, delving into historical background, different perspectives, case studies, critical evaluation, and future implications or recommendations related to the titles.Historical Background or Development:The essay prompts in the Cambridge IELTS 11-18 series cover a wide range of topics, reflecting the evolving landscape of global issues and concerns. These prompts are designed to elicit thoughtful and well-structured responses from candidates, allowing them to showcase their ability to articulate ideas, present arguments, and analyze complex issues. The development of these prompts is rooted in the need to assess candidates' proficiency in the English language, as well as their capacity to engage with diverse subject matter.Analyzing Different Perspectives or Opinions:One of the key features of the essay prompts in the Cambridge IELTS 11-18 series is their ability to encompass a spectrum of perspectives and opinions. Candidates are encouraged to consider multiple viewpoints, demonstrating their capacity to critically evaluate and engage with differing opinions on a given topic. This multifaceted approach not only challenges candidates to think critically but also enables them to develop a more nuanced understanding of complex issues.Case Studies or Examples:In responding to the essay prompts in the Cambridge IELTS 11-18 series, candidates often draw upon real-world case studies or examples to illustrate key points. This approach not only enriches their responses but also demonstratestheir ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. By incorporating relevant case studies or examples, candidates can provide concrete evidence to support their arguments and showcase the depth of their understanding.Critical Evaluation of the Topic:The essay prompts in the Cambridge IELTS 11-18 series often require candidates to critically evaluate the topic at hand, weighing the benefits and drawbacks of a particular issue. This critical evaluation demands a comprehensive analysis, where candidates must consider the implications, limitations, and potential consequences of the topic under discussion. By engaging in this evaluative process, candidates can demonstrate their ability to think critically and reflect on the complexities of real-world issues.Future Implications or Recommendations:In conclusion, the essay prompts in the Cambridge IELTS 11-18 series serve as a valuable platform for candidates to engage with a diverse array of topics, develop their critical thinking skills, and hone their ability to articulate complex ideas. By delving into historical background, analyzing different perspectives, incorporating case studies or examples, offering a critical evaluation, and considering future implications or recommendations, candidates can craft well-rounded and compelling responses that showcase their proficiency in the English language and their capacity to engage with complex global issues. As candidates prepare for the IELTS exam, the essay prompts in the Cambridge IELTS11-18 series offer an invaluable opportunity to refine their writing skills and demonstrate their readiness to engage with the challenges of the modern world.。
剑桥BEC真题中级第四辑口语解析Part2MiniPresentation
第四辑Test 1Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Planning a presentation● Audience● Equipment needed【词汇&短语】农民工 migrant worker 被期望，被期待做某事 be expected to 图表，曲线图 graph 相应的，转而 in turn术语 technical words 最后但并不是最不重要的last but not least 准备行动，待命 stand by 备用的 spare 【句型点击】 ● 回到原话题To turn to the topic ….To get back to what I was saying…To go back to what you were saying about… ● 引起新话题 About…. I think… That reminds me of….. Talking of…., I know….. 【参考范例】When planning a presentation, speakers should first be clear about the composition of audience. The types of audience determine the techniques and languages they are going to use in the presentation. For example, if the speaker is faced with a group of migrant workers with poor educational background, he is supposed to use simple language with less graphs and technical words.Secondly, a good presentation depends on the support of equipment. Speakers must cooperate with the organizers to ensure that all needed equipment stands by and there should always be spare equipment in case anything goes wrong during the presentation. Meanwhile, the lighting and seating arrangement are to be fully prepared before the presentation.Moreover, to give a good presentation, the speaker is expected to have a thorough research on the topic. A good preparation will make the speaker confident of his performance, which in turnwill arouse the audience’s enthusiasm. Last but not least, a knowledge person is not necessarily a good presenter, so in order to improve the quality of his presentation; the speaker must learn presentation skills and practice them.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Selecting an interpreter for a meeting with foreign clients● Experience ● Reliability【词汇&短语】需要，要求call for 正直；诚实integrity积累accumulate 忽视，未注意到overlook环境，条件，情况circumstance 核心core结果outcome 互动interaction准确的accurate 咨询，协商consultation【句型点击】●常用礼貌打断语Can I ask a question?Can I interrupt for a moment?Just to change the subject for a moment, do you….?●概括性论述In most cases…..Generally speaking…On the wholeBy and large【参考范例】When selecting an interpreter for a meeting with foreign clients; to begin with, we must consider the related work experience of the interpreter. Interpretation is a skilled job which calls for a great deal of practice. A good interpreter must have accumulated plenty of experience and known how to respond quickly under different circumstances.Reliability is another important factor when choosing an ideal interpreter because he is the bridge connecting the two sides. A good business outcome depends on his accurate and fluent interpretation. Meanwhile, his personal integrity of occupation shouldn’t be overlooked because he grasps some business secrets and has the chance to touch the core technology.In addition, the personality of an interpreter should also be taken into consideration when selecting one for a meeting with foreign clients. Good personality will smooth the communication and encourage the interaction of the both sides. To some extent, a good interpreter will affect the result of business consultation.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Introducing a new product range onto the market●Timing●Advance publicity【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】产品系列product range 结束，终结terminate确保，担保ensure 提前宣传advance publicity在很大程度上to a great extent促销活动promotional events不合时宜的ill-timed 方向，定位orientation【句型点击】●常用口头衔接语Well, the point I’m trying to make it is that…Well, what I am trying to say is that…And don’t forget…●常用开场白I’d like to begin by saying…I’d like to begin by raising the issue/question of….There are two points I’d like to make…【参考范例】When introducing a new product range onto the market, timing is the most important factor. A perfect timing can ensure the success of the product range to a great extent while an ill-timed launch will terminate the development of new products.Besides, advance publicity is very important in warming up the market and arousing people’s interest in the coming of new product range. Advanced publicity is usually conducted through advertisement campaign. Good advance publicity will make people wait anxiously for the new products. And when the products are finally on sale, they couldn’t wait to possess them. At the same time, the company should organize various promotional events to stimulated people’s enthusiasm still further.What’s more, to successfully introduce a new product range onto the market, the company should have a clear orientation of the potential customers, or in other words, the product range should have target customers. Nowadays, people like to show their personality over the things they use. So the fate of a new product range heavily depends on its followers or fans.第四辑Test 2Topic A: WHAT IS IMP ORTANT WHEN ……?Aiming to improve career prospects●Reading business articles●Learning a foreign language【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】职业规划career prospect 保证guarantee系统的organic 职业能力proficiency开阔视野broaden the horizon 语言能力command of language【句型点击】Take… into account.Give you a clue of….….is becoming increasingly popular.….helps you step forward.【参考范例】When aiming to improve career prospects, I would take four factors into account, namely a good reading habit, a good command of foreign language, a further education and an organic frame of the world. To start with, a good reading habit can enrich your knowledge. When you are reading business articles, the latest business events will give you a clue of what to do on your own position. Secondly, foreign language learning is becoming increasingly popular in companies because it guaranteeseffective communication with overseas business partners. Thirdly, further education helps you to step forward. With more training, your proficiency will be improved. Last but not least, an organic knowledge system also plays an important part in the career development. A broadened horizon would enhance your professional skills.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Deciding how to transport goods●Destination●Speed目的地destination 运输中in transit立即发货prompt delivery 装货过程loading process快递流通fast turnover 最佳报价best over【句型点击】In order to…With regard to… 基于Other things being equal…同等条件下【参考范例】When you are deciding how to transport goods, the destination of the delivery is the prime element to be considered. For the sake of convenience, various means of transportation should be adopted with regard to different distance of the delivery. Furthermore, we can’t overlook speed. A more prompt delivery means a faster turnover. On the other hand, delivery and loading of the goods shouldn’t be neglected. If the goods are not taken c are of. There could be damages either in transit or during the loading and unloading process or by other reasons. If the percentage of the damaged portion is too high and the goods are in a bad condition, The Company can suffer from a huge loss. And now it comes to the last point price, other things being equal, as long as the transport company can handle the items properly, we would definitely choose the one that grants us the best offer.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Purchasing new machinery●Level of automation●Maintenance requirement【词汇&短语】生产线the production line 付款条件payment terms由电脑控制的computerized 严格检查strict inspection提高效率raise efficiency 全自动的fully automatic极具清楚crystal clear 假设出来的情况hypothetical case【句型点击】We should aware of…My interes t is towards….If we don’t take this seriously…..【参考范例】When purchasing new machinery for production line, the level of the automation should be considered first. Just imagine how much labor it will save if the whole process is computerized and fully automatic, that is exactly the reason why we buy new machineries to save labor and raise efficiency. Moreover, we should be aware of the maintenance requirement of the machineries we bought. It should be stated crystal clear in the payment terms whether it is the responsibility of the buyer or the seller to get the maintenance covered. Furthermore, quality should be viewed before the purchase. The machinery has to pass strict inspection to guarantee qualified productions of goods. Finally, if I were in charge of the purchase, my interest will be towards safety. The visual of some worker getting caught in the blade of the machinery is horrifying. If we don’t take this seriously, this image will not be a hypothetical case.第四辑Test 3Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTAN T WHEN ……?Selecting a retail sales assistant●Previous experience●Appearance【词汇&短语】销售经理sales manager 促进销售sales promotion推销潜力sales potential 销售利润selling profit代理商Selling agent【句型点击】●表达现状We can’t ignore the fact that….No one can deny the fact….This phenomenon attracts people’s interest in…【参考范例】When selecting a retail sales assistant, several factors should be taken into consideration. Firstly, I think if the candidate has some previous experience, he or she may get a priority or privilege for the position, because as may other employers, I attach great importance to it for that matter.Secondly, I would pay attention to the personal appearance of the applicants. A good appearance can make the publicity of the company better and easier, and the clients and customers will have deep impression of a decent, neatly dressed sales assistant.Thirdly, some basic skills and qualities are necessary, such as communication skills and analysis skills. And also, to keep contact with customers is very important. It can help us to improve our achievements and make sure we have sustainable resources for the future development.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Contacting clients by telephone●Calling at the right time●Listening carefully【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】客户支持clients support 打扰disturb可供利用的available 热情的enthusiastic令人反感的annoying 时间把握timing【句型点击】I am in the middle of…我正在忙着To put it in another way..….is the key point.One of the best ways to…. Is…..【参考范例】When contacting clients by telephone, we have to cover the whole range of business matter in a limited time, so we have to be very brief and efficient in every minute available. As a matter of a fact, we talk all day, but how to talk is obviously a somewhat neglected art.To be specific, firstly, you should make sure that you call your clients at the right time, because it is impropriate, impolite and very annoying to disturb your clients when they are in the middle of something. To put it in another way, the perfect timing is the key point. Secondly, when contacting clients by telephone you should listen carefully, because one of the best ways to show your respects to your clients is to become a good listener.Thirdly, you need to have a positive attitude and to let your clients feel that you are positive and enthusiastic. Also, you can keep a harmonious circumstance between you and the clients. Of course, there are other details that you should pay attention to, such as do not hang up first. We often say that the details determine you will succeed or fail. Note that the details can help a lot to solve the problems effectively.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT W HEN ……?Managing change●Clear objectives●Communication【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】企业目标business goal 蓝图blueprint核心竞争力core competence 与时俱进keep pace with time大的市场份额The lion’s share【参考范例】In this information age, the capacity to manage change is becoming increasingly important. Consequently, more and more managers begin to put this issue in the spotlight. In my perspective, when managing change, several factors should be taken into consideration. The first one is to set a clear objective, because it is the blueprint of a company’s future development. Without the guide of a clear objective, one will get lost in the business jungle.The second factor is communication skill. An effective communication can promote cooperation, and communication is usually considered as an inevitable way to effective management.The third one is technology and qualified personnel. They are the core competitiveness of the enterprises and they are the software and hardware that drive the enterprise to work in a full speed. Without them, it is hard to keep pace with the time. The last but not the least, creativity is also important. Even a single innovative idea may be capable of helping an enterprise to take the lion’s share of the market.第四辑Test 4Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Considering setting up a staff canteen●Employee’s opinions●Cost to the company【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】至关重要的crucial 策略战术tactic能被利用的available 注意be aware of….交换意见compare notes 或者alternatively长期预定long-tern reservation 可行性feasibility以员工为中心的employee-oriented 建筑，建造construction【句型点击】As far as…..concernedWith respect to….关于….To be specific 具体来说Be supposed to….应该……Conserve no effort to…不遗余力地【参考范例】With respect to setting up staff canteens, I suggest that we should be aware of the following four factors. To start with, employees’ opinions are supposed to play a crucial role. Undoubtedly, we should conserve no effort to meet the needs of the employees. We can benefit a lot from this employee-oriented tactic. To be specific, we can compare notes with employees from different departments, or, alternatively, we can make them vote for a decision.Secondly, the cost of the company deserves to be taken into consideration. If there can be other more economic options, why bother to build an extra canteen? I mean, if the company can make a long term reservation with a restaurant probably, it saves time and money.Thirdly, the financial situation tends to interfere in the decision making. If building a canteen is a better choice compared with ordering foods from restaurants in the long run, we still have to consider the expenses in building the canteen--------an undergoing construction is a big deal for the company anyway. Lastly, the location of the canteen is also quite important. If you want to build a canteen, there should be space available for it.Top ic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Working as a teacher●Sharing expertise●Deciding responsibilities【词汇&短语】求助于resort to 零碎的piecemeal处理tackle with 前提premise倾向于apt to 灵活的策略flexible policy指派assign 唤起情绪invoke有机的，整体的organic 同时simultaneously【句型点击】The prime concern is… 首要考虑是..Given this pr emise…. 基于这样的前提Be expected to…被期待做某事，应该做某事【参考范例】When working as a teacher, the prime concern is sharing expertise. The need of the students should receive careful consideration. Through systematic training and teaching, the students should be able to resort to the professional skill of the teacher for reasonable solution of whatever problem they may come across in working experience.Secondly, the teacher is expected to decide the responsibility of his/her fellowman. In this case, it is better to tackle with the whole thing in an organic way rather than a piece meal basis. In other words, the person on the teaching position should be crystal clear of the strength and weakness of every student and assign them to the right positions based on this judgment. Given this premise, the whole team can work in an efficient way.Another crucial issue is how to monitor the students. Here we should adopt a flexible policy. It takes wisdom to let the students know that their behavior will be noticed b the supervisor and simultaneously to invoke the creative spirit out of them. In this way, we can improve the behavior pattern of the students and make full of their potentialities.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Negotiating a contract with a customer●Customer needs●Available budget【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】可持续的sustainable 共同愿望common desire双赢win-win 建立贸易机会conclude business互惠互利mutual benefit 一致coincides with通力合作close cooperation 报价quotations最新商品价格目录表latest catalogues 履行合同observe the contract商业信誉commercial integrity 国际惯例international practices【句型点击】I have some comment on…..The products meet with great favor.How to precede with 怎样来进行How to put…. Into practice….【参考范例】If I am negotiating a contract with a customer, I will firstly take the customers’ needs into consideration. The reason is ve ry simple. It is the basis of the undergoing negotiation; we are sitting around the negotiation table because we need something from each other. It is our common desire to conclude the business.On the other hand, the success of the negotiation depends on the available budget. Without financial support, all the rounds of discussin g and bargaining won’t make any sense. That is why it is an international practice to consider about the budget first and reasonable design of the contract comes after that.Besides the above mentioned points, long-term cooperation is also an essential element. Although the well-being of our own party is the main concern of us, we should insure that the prices we offered are very favorable, or we may even make some readjustment in our offer if the customer insists. The drive behind these behaviors is that sustainable profit and win-win outcome will make sure the contract can be held good for a long term. That is why we ought to make it our permanent principle to honor the contract and maintain commercial integrity.。
剑桥商务英语教程ppt课件精选全文
greeting. 她兴高采烈地打招呼欢迎我们。
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TWO KINDS OF GREETINGS
1)Formal/Informal 2)Greeting by words/Greeting
Good morning
before 12am
Good afternoon between 12am to 5pm
Good evening
after 5pm
Good night when leaving at night or going to bed
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UNSPOKEN GREETINGS
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Unit 1
Greetings and Introductions
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES :
How to make introductions? 1)How to introduce yourself? 2)How to introduce others? How to greet people when you
Between friends you can add dude（/dju:d/小伙 子）/man, etc. to the end
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How are you? -- Pretty good. -- Fine, thank you. -- Nothing much. / Nothing special.
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Miss. 小姐，用作未婚女子姓名之前 Mrs. 夫人， 太太 Ms. 女士, 用在婚姻状况不明的女子姓
剑桥雅思18写作范文
剑桥雅思18写作范文In recent years, the issue of climate change has become increasingly prominent in global discussions. It is widely acknowledged that human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary causes of this phenomenon. Therefore, various measures need to be taken to mitigate the effects of climate change and preserve the environment for future generations. This essay will discuss some of the effective strategies that individuals, governments, and businesses can adopt to address this urgent issue.Firstly, individuals play a crucial role in combatting climate change. One of the simplest yet effective initiatives is reducing energy consumption at home. For instance, homeowners can switch to energy-efficient appliances, such as LED lights and low-flow showerheads, and ensure proper insulation in their homes to minimize heat loss. Additionally, individuals can also reduce their carbon footprint by using public transportation, carpooling, or cycling instead of driving a car. Moreover, adopting a vegetarian or vegan diet can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with livestock production.Secondly, governments have a key responsibility in implementing policies and regulations to tackle climate change at a national and international level. One of the most effective measures governments can take is imposing carbon taxes or pricing carbon emissions. This would create financial incentives for industries and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint. Furthermore, governments should invest in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels. This wouldnot only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also create job opportunities and promote sustainable economic growth.In addition to individuals and governments, businesses also have a significant role to play in mitigating climate change. One of the primary actions companies can take is adopting sustainable practices in their operations. This includes reducing waste generation, implementing recycling programs, and incorporating eco-friendly packaging and materials. Moreover, businesses can also invest in renewable energy sources to power their operations and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. By doing so, companies can not only contribute to combating climate change but also enhance their corporate image and attract environmentally conscious consumers. In conclusion, climate change is a pressing issue that requires collective efforts from individuals, governments, and businesses to address. Individuals can reduce energy consumption and adopt sustainable lifestyles, while governments need to implement policies and invest in renewable energy sources. Furthermore, businesses can play their part by adopting sustainable practices and investing in renewable energy. Only by working together can we effectively combat climate change and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.。
步入商界18-价格谈判
33 Our standard unit price to the wholesaler is 23.5. 34 DANNY MCNEIL: And I' m not interested in 23.5. 35 EDWARD GREEN: Yes, I know that Mr. McNeil. If you buy 40,000 units, then I can offer a unit 36 price of 19.5. 37 What will your mark‐up be on the Boss, 3, 3.5, 4? 38 DANNY MCNEIL: About that. EDWARD GREEN: With those figures you' re going to 39 be very competitive. 40 DANNY MCNEIL: 19.5 unit price? EDWARD GREEN: If you buy 40,000 units; that 41 represents a discount of... 42 I can see what the discount is. Offer me a unit price of 19.5 on 25,000 units and 43 we can do business. 44 EDWARD GREEN: I can' t do that. I' m sorry. 45 DANNY MCNEIL: Let' s break for a few minutes. 46 I' ve got a few things I have to see to. 47 I' ll be a couple of minutes. 48 Would you like a cup of coffee? 49 EDWARD GREEN: Yes, please. DANNY MCNEIL: Help yourself to the phone if you 50 want to make a call. 51 EDWARD: Thanks. 52 DON BRADLEY: Don Bradley. 53 54 55 56 57 58 EDWARD GREEN: Hi, Don. How' s the meeting? DON BRADLEY: It' s just finished. I' m on my way over. How' s your meeting? EDWARD GREEN: he' s definitely interested. We' re having a break. DON BRADLEY: What' s the situation? EDWARD GREEN: It' s becoming difficult, we' re 59 stuck on the size of the order for Big Boss. He wants a unit price of 19.5 on an order of 60 25,000. 61 DON BRADLEY: That sounds good to me. 62 EDWARD GREEN: I think we can push him further. 63 DON BRADLEY: Do you think so? 64 EDWARD GREEN: I think so...I hope so. 65 DON BRADLEY: Be careful. He' s a clever man. 66 I've dealt with Mcneil before. When he starts banging on the table, that' s as far 67 as you can go with him. 68 Good luck! EDWARD GREEN: Thanks. So let' s clarify the 69 position so far. As far as Big Boss is concerned we have agreed on a 70 unit price of 20 for
新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit
新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit 10BI Donald, your consultancy helps companies enter foreign markets. What kind of help are companies looking for when they come to KMP?D Well, companies usually have a specific market in mind and a pretty good idea as to which products they intend to export. BUt what they're not sure about is how to get the product into the target maket.I So what is the best way?D Well, there are many options, form franchises to wholly-owned subsidiaries. The higher the degree of ownership, the more control you have. However, ownership also means more investment and, therefore, more risk.I So what's the safest way of entering a market?D Well, if you want to keep financial risk to a minimum, you should think about a licensing arrangement or perhaps a franchise. That way you don't have any of the costs associated with setting up production facilities. And, of course, you retain control of the product, which means you avoid some of the conflicts involved in joint ventures.I But joint ventures are a very popular way of entering foreign markets.D Yes, they are, because they allow a company to share some of the costs and risk. And even more importantly, they provide essential local knowledge without the cost of having to acquire a company. But they're not risk-free.I So, what are the danger of joint ventures?D Well, in a typical joint venture the two partners pool their know-how and learn from each other as they work together. But, in fact, it's actually a learning race. One firm might learn much faster than the other and start taking all the decisions. It could eventually decide it has no more use for the arrangement and even terminate it.I So, if you wanted to keep control and avoid that, a wholly-owned subsidiary would be the best option, then?D It really depends on the target market. If, say, there's potentially a very high demand, then it would make sense to buy or set up a subsidiary and produce locally, because of economies of scale. Distance, of course, is another fator. Shipping to theother side of the world can be very expensive. That's why a lot of Japanese companies produce in Europe.I ANd what other factors can improve a company's chance of success?D Well, as I said, our clients usually know which products they want to export, but they often don't realize how much their product needs to be adapted. You see, some products require an understanding of local needs and an ability to use this knowledge in the product's design.I OK. So, let's say a company has successfully entered a market. How quickly should it look to expand?D Well, once again, it's finding the best way of minimizing risk while optimizing opportunity. However, under certain circumstances, a company is forced to expand in order to survive.I And when is this the case?D When, for example, you enter a market with a successful formula that's easy to copy - because yuu'll soon have a lot of local competitors offering the same products or services. Now, unless you're in a position to expand quickly enough to make economiesof scale possible, these local companies will soon undercut you and price you out of the market.I And how can a company prepare for this expansion?D Well, the key to expansion is not spreading your manageial and fiancial resurces too thinly. That's why it's crucial to develop a long-term strategy and make a thorough assessment of all the resources available for expansion. Otherwise, you won't be able to defend and profit from the market presence you've created新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit 8BUnit 8b Business Travel1. Any regular business traveler will tell you how important this is if you want to feel ready to face a whole day of business meetings.Sometimes, you work straight through meal-times so it might be the only thing you’ll get until you step on the plane for you r flight home. And who wants to have to start looking for a burger bar at midnight?2: from the business traveler’s point of view, flexibility and choice are absolutely crucial. Businesses can’t depend on airlines offering a flight on a particular day or time of theirchoosing .i really do feel that getting to and from your destination at a time which suits you and fits in with your plans is essential. And one of the main reasons for choosing is airline.3.i just find it really annoying. After I’ve eaten, I just want to sit quietly, have a drink and read my newspaper .the last thing I want o listen to people scramming with laughter at some ridiculous comedy.4.on a short trip, it’s not so important. You’re not there long enough to have more than a drink and a quick look at the paper. But on a long trip, you really need to be able to stretch out, lie back and get some proper sleep.5.of course .i could get a cheaper seat, but that’s not the point. With a long day of meetings and negotiations ahead of me. I need a bit of comfort and looking after. And my company understands that. It’s also a good place for networking. And I’ve often got into conversation with the person next to me, who’s developed into a useful contact.新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit 8AUnit 8A Business ExpensesListening 1Conversation 1David: David Hobbs.Roger: Hello, Mr Hobbs. This is Roger Hargreaves from Accounts. I'm just ringing about your expenses claim. There are a couple of things I need to check.David: OK. What do you need to know?Roger: Well, you put down that it was a business trip. But do you think you could be a bit more specific?David: Yes,sorry. It was actually a marketing conference. Roger: OK.And you stayed at the Cartlands Hotel. But you didn't put down how much it cost.David: Oh,sorry.It was ￡80. And that was for one night. Roger: I see. Now under 'Client Entertaining' you put ￡56.70 for a meal and drinks.But you are supposed to put down the name of anybody you entertain, you know.David: I'm sorry.I must have forgotten.Anyway, the client's name is Limbert.PaulLimbert.He's one of our Belgian suppliers.Roger: Could you spell his last name for me?David: Limbert? Yes,it's L-I-M-B-E-R-T.Roger: Right,thanks. Oh,and this amount for ￡9.00 under 'Other Expenses'.What exactly was that for?David: ￡9.00? Let me see. ￡9.00? Oh,yes. That was for a couple of faxes I had to send from the hotel.Conversation 2Alison: Alison Forbes.Roger: Hello,Alison. It's Roger Hargreaves from Accounts. Is Alan there,please?Alison: I'm afraid he isn't in today. Can I help at all? Roger: I don't think it so,no. It's about his expenses,you know,for the trip to Sweden.Alison: Can I give him a message?Roger: Yes, if you could. Could you tell him that something was missing? It was his hotel bill. And I need it quickly if he wants us to pay him this month.Alison: Actually, I think he was looking for it the other day. Roger: I hope he hasn't lost it . Well, look ,if he can't find it, he really needs to call me as soon as possible.Ailson: OK. I'll tell him .Roger: Thanks. Oh,and one other thing. The last time we paid him his expenses,he asked us to pay him in cash. Well, I'm afraid it caused all kinds of problems,and everyone started asking for cash payments. So we've decided that we really can't do that again. Alison: OK,I'll tell him know. Bye.Conversation 3Chris: Hello?Roger: Hello,Mr Evans?Chris: Speaking.Roger: This is Roger Hargreaves. I'm just ringing about your expenses for the Paris trip.Chris: Well,you do know I lost my case on that trip? So I'm afraid I can't give you any receipts or anything.Roger: That's not a problem.I just need to check a few details. Chris: OK. What do you need to know?Roger: Well,first of all,when was the trip exactly?Chris: Let me just check my dairy.Yes,it was the last weekend in June. The 25th and 26th.Roger: So one night.Right. And where did you stay?Chris: Hotel Continental. But I'm afraid I can't remember the price.But it's the same hotel I stayed at last time.In fact,it was even the same room.Roger: Fine.I can look that up.And what about travel? Did you fly or take the train?Chris: The train.Eurostar.But,again,I can't remember the price. Roger: That's OK.I can check it myself. Oh, and were there any other expenses?Chris: I can't think of anything. Oh,yes there was actually.I had to buy metro tickets to get around Paris.Roger: Metro tickets……that would be about ￡5,wouldn't it?Chris: That sounds about right.Roger: OK,Mr Evans,thanks very much.Listening 21. Good morning. This is a message for David Eastman. I got your note about my expenses form-about returning it toyou.Well,actually I did send it to you. The only problem is it went to the wrong department, and that's why you still haven't got it.Anyway,I'll bring it round first thing in the morning,OK? Oh,sorry,this is Alex Eddington,by the way.2. Hello,this is June Salisbury. You wanted to speak to me about my expenses claim for the Munich trip. Could we get together on Friday morning to talk about it?Perhaps at about 11,if that's all right? Just give my secretary a call.OK.Bye.3. This is Bob Richards here.Listen, I've just found another receipt for my Oslo trip last month.It's for quite a lot of photocopies I had done in a shop. I suppose it's too late for this month, but is it OK if I put this through on next month's expenses?Could you get back to me and let me know?OK.Bye.4. Hello,this is Patricia Graves from Sales. Look ,I'm ringing about my expenses again.The last time I called you , you said they'd be included in this month's pay. Well,I've checked with by bank and they're not . I can't keep chasing you about this and I'm getting pretty fed up waiting. I'll call by your office sometime tomorrow,and this time, I'd like a cheque.Goodbye.5. Hello,David. This is Simon. Look, about this morning,I'm afraid something urgent's come up and I have to rush off to London,so I won't be able to make it. I'm really sorry it's such short notice. I'll call you when I get back.OK?Speak to you soon.新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit 7BUnit 7b Rights at Work1:I didn’t really feel I was abusing the system.i mean everybody does it.it was just a few small thing really ?a fax here, a few photocopies there.i felt it was justified.after all ,I did do a lot of unpaid overtime and I took work home with me.they seemed really pleased with my performance ,so I honestly didn’t think they’d mind.2:my boss didn’t mind if I arrived a couple of minutes late in the morning but if wanted to leave on time, well that was acomplet ely different story. Well, after six months, I’d just had enough of it. Working late every day of the week. So one day I told him straight :I’d only work the hours I’d agreed in my contract.3:I was having problem s because I just couldn’t seem to prioritize my work and organize my time .so I suppose it looked to my boss as if I couldn’t do the job. But it’s ridiculous really.I could do it. But I just couldn’t seem to keep up with the workload. And this was a place where results were everything. 4:I knew my turn would come soon. But I hated the whole idea of spending three hours in the car every day just getting to work and back .it was ok for some of the others .i mean, they lived nearer the new site. But if I’d had to work overtime. I’d never have got hom e before 9 o’clock. Well, in the end, I just couldn’t do it. And I wouldn’t do it. And that’s what I told them.5:I suppose they didn’t want to carry me any longer .i think people just get fed up with having to cover for me and take on all my work when I was away. But it seems a pretty poor show to sack someone for something that isn’t their fault. I mean, no one wants to be ill, do them?新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit 7AUnit 7a :Health and SafetyN:ok.let me have a look at it.yes ,that looks nasty.so how did it happen?P:well,it’s stupid really.i was trying to fix the light in my office.N:but that’s a job for maintenance.P:I know.but I told them about it days ago and nothing happened. so I thought I’d try.N:well .you really must be more careful. There are very strict guidelines here about that kind of thing. And if you have an accident, the company doesn’t have to accept responsibility .you know?P:I know.but the light kept going on and off all day.it was driving me crazy.N:so that happened ?did you fall?P:well,I couldn’t reach the light.so I climbed onto my desk ,and then I lost my balance and fellN:and you banged your head?P:ouch!yes.i caught it on the edge of a filing cabinet.N:do you feel sick or dizzy?P:no,but It really is hurting a lot now.will I need any stitches,doyou think?N:no ,no ,it’s quite a small cut really.i ‘ll just clean and dress it .we needn’t bother about stitches.but i t is a nasty bump.though.are you taking any medication at the moment?P:noN:right.here are some painkillers.take two of these three times a day for the next two or three days.but you mustn’t drink alcohol while you’re taking them.P:okN:and pop in tomorr ow some time and I’ll have another look at it.P:thanks .see you tomorrow.新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit4BUnit 4B Public RelationsListening 1J-so Eilish, maybe you could begin by telling us about your duties as the PR Manager.E-Well, my job is to plan and manage the public relations strategy for the Skoda brand in the UK. This means I'm responsible for dealing with the press, television and radio, as well ascommunications with the public and personnel in our UK dealerships.J-How would you describe the role of the PR Department within the company?E-Well, the primary role of PR is to create understanding with the public. My job involves talking and listening to both the press and the public, providing them with information from the heart of the organization. Our objective is to give an accurate picture of the company, its brands and what it believes in. We have to make sure that the public has a positive image of the company. J-So how does the role differ from that of the Marketing Department?E-Marketing has more to do with identifying customer needs and developing the right products to satisfy those needs, PR, on the other hand, is more concerned with establishing and maintaining goodwill and understanding between the company and its public. Marketing reaches the public through advertising, whereas we work more with the press and broadcast media.J-But how much control do you have over what the press says?E-None really. But that's what makes the way we deal with the press so important. Our job is to make sure that journalists always have a very clear understanding of what the company is trying to do .Maintaining good relationships with the press is a very important part of the job. In PR you have to build long-term relationships with journalists because you work with them on a regular basis and trust is absolutely essential.Listening 2J-When Skoda re-launched its brand here in 1995, it would be fair to say that the company had a genuine image problem. How big a challenge was this for the PR Department?E-Unfortunately, Skoda was misunderstood by the UK public at the time. There used to be a lot of boring old jokes about Skoda cars. But that was because of people’s misconceptions about the quality of central European engineering. The strange thing is that the reality was actually quite different.J-In what way?E-Well, central Europe had always been a centre of engineering excellence. However, from the start of the communist era in 1948it had to develop on its own without the benefit of outside influence and up-to-date technology.J-So how did you go about communicating this reality to the public? E-When we re-entered the UK marketplace with a new model, the Felicia, in 1995, we put a huge emphasis on advertising, everything from national advertising to point-of-sale material in the showrooms. This was repeated with the arrival of the Octavia in 1998. our overall aim was to communicate the quality of Skoda. J-And what role did the PR Department play?E-Well, regardless of how successful and effective advertising is, the public is always aware that the company has complete control over the message and content of the advert. However, when the public reads positive things in their favourite magazine or newspaper, it’s the journalist’s own comment and therefore much more powerful because it isn’t influenced by the organization. So, our job was to communicate the quality of Skoda to the motoring press.J-Having seen the very positive press the company now enjoys, you obviously managed to do that, but how?E-One of the first press events we arranged was a trip to see the manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic. We took almost 100 journalists with us to show them just how good the facility was. We organized a similar trip the following year to see the new Octavia plant, which is one of the most modern in the world. These trips really changed people’s attitudes.J-Well, you certainly won over the press. But what kind of feedback have you had from the public?E-Well, Skoda recently came top of a major consumer magazine’s annua l survey of car owners. It’s the biggest customer satisfaction survey of its kind in the UK, based on over 40000 car owners. The results of the survey made the evening news on national TV, so I guess the public has changed its mind about the quality of central European engineering. But the real indication of our success is the record growth in sales since 1995.J-The success you’ve had in dramatically changing the company’s image in the UK must give you a great deal of personal satisfaction.E-Yes, it does. I think I’m very lucky at Skoda. Working with a small team means a lot of personal responsibility. And that’sthe real enjoyment for me. Seeing my ideas having a clear effect on the forward direction of the brand. It’s down to me to sort out any problems, so when things go well, I really do feel I’m making an important contribution ot the success of the company. And that’s an incredibly satisfying feeling.新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit4AUnit 4a. Brand power1. the thing is, when you buy a car, you’re spending a l ot of money so you want to get excited about what you’rebuying .reliability and after-sales service are all very important ,but they’re not exactly exciting ,are they? I want my car to say something about me. I want something which looks sporty and attrac ts attention. I don’t mind paying that bit extra for something that makes me look good.2 .a lot of my friends have got e-mail so I wanted to buy a computer,I just didn’t know much about them, and I found that all that information you get about performance and so on is tally confusing. And then I saw that advert on TV with those new computers .it went to a computer superstore .had a look at one and bought it straightway.3. I thought buying a mobile phone would be easy. But it wasn’t .you ask how much they cost and you get all this stuff about monthly service contracts and different tariffs at different times of day. It’s almost impossible to work out how much they actually cost! Anyway, I worked out that the best deal for me was a one-year all-inclusive pa ckage. So that’s what I bought.4. I used to think that one refrigerator was pretty much like any other. But then I saw this TV program about how much energy kitchen appliances use. Fridges are the worst, apparently. That’s because they’re on all the time so they’re really bad for the ozone layer-all those CFC gases or whatever they call them. So, I decided to get a fridge that doesn’t give off lots of harmful gases. And it’s cheaper to run as well.5. it’s not even a particularly well known make of video r ecorder but I had one of them before which I was really happy with. I didn’t have much money when I bought the first one so I just get the cheapest one I could find. But it was great. It lasted years and I never had any problems with it .so, of course, I decided to buy the same brand again. I mean, a friend of mine recently bought a really well-known make and it’s been back to the shop twice already.新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit3B Cash FlowB:so,steve,how ‘s the cash flow situation ?any better?St:not really,no.the more we sell ,the less cash we seem to have. B:yes,I know.it’s called over-trading.you’re going to have to figure our a quicker way of turning those sales into cash. St:but now ,Barbara?that’s the question.B:well,did you think any more about offering early settlement discountSt:oh,yeah,we talked to most of our customers about it.they sounded quite interested.it seems that if we offered a1%dicount .about half our customers would pay in ten days. B:well,that would make a big difference to cash flow.St:but if we offer 2%,three quarters of our customers will pay within ten daysB:that’s great.so why don’t you do it?St:oh come on,Barbara.our margins are small enough already.i don’t see how we can afford to offer discounts.if we gave a 2%discount ,we’d lose thousands of dollars every year.B:do you know how much exactly?St:well ,on average monthly sales of $25,000,it’d cost us over four and a half thousand a year.B:what if you offered 1% and half your customers used it?St:well.that’d cost us about 1,500 a year.that’s a lot of money.barbara.B:but don’t forget your fianancing costs.steve.financing your cash flow gap means you’re paying the bank almos t $3000 a year in interests.i worked out that if you offered the1%discount ,you’d save almost a thousand on financing costs. St:so that you’re saying is the real cost of the discount would only be $500 more?B:that’s right.and your cashi flow for the mont h would increase by over $8000.and with the 2%discount ,you’d have an extra 16000 a month.St:wow.that much?we could really use that extra cash.steve. B:hmm.i still think 2% is too much.St:then why don’t we offer 1%?B:mmm Barbara?St:well,it’s not my decision.but if I were you steve.i’d really think very seriously about offering an early settlement discount. B:ok.ok .i get the point.if it really can make that big difference .we’ll give it a try.新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit2AUnit 2A entertaining a clientListening 11. Fine, thanks .I’m glad you managed to find me somewhere so near the office. That makes things so much easier in the morning. But I have to say, the bed was so hard I didn’t get to sleep till two this morning.2. Pretty awful, actually .there was one delay after another and then I got stopped at customers .and apparently. My luggage is somewhere between here and Cape Town.3. Wonderful. I’m really enjoying it here and the people are so friendly .I’ll definitely come back for a holiday. But I’ll need a week at least next time.actually.I wouldn’t mind living here for a while.4. Well. I thought it was pretty good from our point of view, butI can see that some people might not be so happy .still; we got through quite a lot and made some progress. But I still think we’re a long way from a decision.Listening 2S1=Speaker 1 S2=Speaker 2S1 so. What did you think of the food?S2 ok.but it was a bit too heavy for me.acutally, given a choice, I’d have preferred a salad.S1 salad?S2 oh.yes.i don’t really eat meat.S1 what do you have at home? You’re not a vegetarian, are you? S2 well, I’m not. Bu t my wife is.S1 oh.really?S2 oh.yes.i haven’t had meat at home for years.S1 don’t you miss it?S2 sometimes .but then I go and have a secret steak.新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书 Unit1BListening 1Call 1Hello Frida.This is Margaret Brock here. It’s 9.30 on Wednesday morning. I’m ringing about the half-year sales report. Could you send me a copy of your department’s figures, please? I’m in Helsinki until Friday. Thanks very much .bye.Call 2This is Frank Larsen from Scandinavian conference in Copenhagen. I’m ringing to tell you that this year’s Danishtelecommunications trade fair’s taking place in the week of November 22.if you’d like some complimentary tickets, pl ease let me know how many you’ll need. Please call me on 0045 33 346 766.thank you .byeCall 3Hi Frida .it Sue Mellor. How are you? I hope you’re not too busy at the moment. I wanted to talk to you about my visit next month. You know we’d talk about the 13th? Well, I ’m afraid it’s not going to work out because of deadlines here. I don’t suppose we could put it back a week or so, could we? Give me a ring and let me know. Thanks.Call 4Hi Frida .its Colin. I’m on my mobile because I’m traveling to a meeting with a client but I need to talk to you urgently so could you call me on 0486 772 444? It’s my mobile number. I need to talk to you about that contract we’re trying to get in Helsinki because the customer accepted our proposal and I need to know whether it’s all right if I just go ahead and sign the contracts or whether you want to get involved, as well. Could you get back to me ASAP? Thanks.Call 5Hello Frida.it’s Steve Montgomery here. I got your proposal for the product launch and I’ve finally manage d to get a look at it .it looks OK.but I think there could still be one or two minor problems with it. I think the time schedule looks a bit on the optimistic side, as well. I’ve got a couple of suggestions, which I’ll get off to you today. Let me know what you think, ok? Bye.Listening 2Conversation 1T =Tom F=FridaT Good afternoon. Scandinavian conference.F Good afternoon. Could I speak to Frank Larsen, please?T I’m afraid he’s not here today. Can I help you?F I’m ringing about the Danish Telecommun ications Trade Fair.Mr Larsen phoned to offer me some tickets and he asked me to let him know how many I’d need.T well. I can send you the tickets. That’s no problem. I’ll just need your name and address.F right. Its Fida Adersson from Sanderlin.the address is Torshamnsgatan.S-126 25 Stockholm.T so, that’s frida andersson at Torshamnsgatan. S-126 25 .ok.how many tickets do you need?F Three, please.T and which days would you like them for?F just for Tuesday 23 November, please.T and could I have the other names for the tickets?F I’m afraid I can only confirm two names at the moment. Kati Gersel and myself.T Could you please spell Gersel.please?F yes. That’s G-E-R-S-E-L.T right .I’ll put the tickets in the post day.F Thanks very much .bye.T thank you for calling .goodbye.Conversation 2R=Receptionist F=FridaR Good afternoon. Can I help you?F Good afternoon. Could I speak to Sue Mellor, please?R may I ask who’s calling?F its frida Andersson from head office.R one moment, please.i’ll put you thought.F hello?R hello?F I’m afraid she’s not in her office at the moment. Can I take a message?R yes. Could you tell her that I got her message and I’ve cancelled our meeting on the 13th.but I’m not available the following week, so I suggest meeting on 27 November.F ok.so, that’s frida andersson form head office. The meeting on the 13th is cancelled and you suggest meeting on 27 November instead.R that’s right. And could she call me to confirm the date?F ok.i’ll give the message and she’ll get back to you as soon as possible.R thanks you.F oh.does she have your number?R yes.she does.F ok.thanks for calling.R thanks. Bye.。
新编剑桥商务英语-中级词汇(经科版)
1.1 Ways of workingregular hours [‘regjulə] 正常工作时间flexible hours ['fleksəbl]弹性工作时间freelance ['fri:'lɑ:ns]自由职业job-share 分担工作job-sharer与人分担工作的人shift-work 轮班工作，倒班制part-time 兼职full-time全职teleworking [‘teliwə:kiŋ]电子化办公方式，电子办公temping当临时工specialist advice [‘speʃəlist]专业咨询hot-desking办公桌轮用（指将职工分成不同班次，以便他们能共用一间办公室、一张桌子和一台计算机）office gossip [‘gɔsip]办公室小道消息consultancy [kən‘sʌltənsi] 咨询公司，顾问公司flextime/flexitime 弹性工作时间office news办公室新闻credit赞扬、功劳MD/managing director总裁（美语中称CEO或president）Brainpower 智能Worst-case adj.做最坏打算的，为最坏情况的，为最不利条件的Scenario [si'nɑ:riəu]事态、局面Delegate vt. 授权、分配工作Availability 利用可能性，可利用的人、物，物资保证Parental leave育儿假，照顾新生儿假/ maternity leave 产假Distractions 让人注意力分散的事务Contact 人脉，有用的社会关系Case-load工作量Daily log日志V oice mail语音信箱、留言Self-organisation自我组织能力Disruptive adj. 造成混乱的1.2Making contactstrade fair event 商品交易会coffee/tea break工间咖啡休息时间drinks evening 晚间酒会coaching event专项体验训练活动maximise [‘mæksəmaɪz] 最大限度的使用，发挥（maximize 美式）socializing参加社交，交际corporate world商界useful contacts ['kɑntækt]有用的人际关系co-chair联合总裁，主席network建立关系网络networking建立人际网，关系网‘networking’ event (为帮助职场人士建立人脉关系专门举行的)牵线搭桥活动，联谊活动。
Unit 18 Lesson 36(课件)-2023-2024 学年新概念英语青少版 2B
Then I ____f_e_l_t___ really sick! Yuk! _H__o_n__e_s_t_l_y______ Lucy, this stuff ______is_n__’_t food. It’s chemistry. __R__e_a_d____ the label!
sold his old car (about a year ago) bought another one William sold his old car and bought another one about a year ago.
A: Did William sell his old car and buy another one about a year ago? B:Yes, he did.
Robert put a shelf up and put some books on it at lunchtime today.
saw an old film
The boys went to the cinema and saw an old film last Saturday.
Pattern Practice
LUCY: Why? What happened? VIKKI:I ______a_t_e___ breakfast that morning,
because I ____d_i_d_____ ___m__y______ ___p_i_a__n_o___ practice before school. Mum ____g__a_v_e___ me my lunchbox, and I ______w__e_n__t for the bus.
剑桥雅思18 口语题范例
Part 11. What is your favorite color?My favorite color is blue. I find it to be a very calming and peaceful color. It reminds me of the sky and the ocean, which are two of my favorite places to be. I also associate blue with intelligence and creativity, which are two qualities that I admire.2. What do you do in your free time?In my free time, I enjoy reading, writing, and spending time outdoors. I also enjoy playing board games and video games with my friends. I find that these activities help me to relax and de-stress.3. What is your favorite kind of music?I enjoy a wide variety of music, but my favorite genre is rock music. I find that rock music is very energetic and uplifting. It helps me to feel motivated and inspired. I also enjoy the lyrics of rock songs, which often tell stories about love, loss, and overcoming challenges.Part 2Describe a time when you had to overcome a challenge.One time when I had to overcome a challenge was when I was trying to learn to ride a bike. I had always wanted to be able to ride a bike, but I was always afraid of falling. One day, I decided that I was going to face my fear and learn how to ride a bike. I went to a park with my friend, and she helped me to get started. I fell down a lot at first, but I kept getting back up and trying again. After a few hours, I was finally able to ride the bike without falling. I was so proud of myself for overcoming my fear and learning how to do something new.Part 31. How has technology changed the way we learn?Technology has changed the way we learn in many ways. For example, we now have access to a vast amount of information online, which we can use to learn about any topic we want. We also have access to online courses and tutorials, which can help us to learn new skills. Additionally, technology has made it possible for us to learn at our own pace and in our own way.2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of online learning?There are many advantages to online learning. For example, online learning is often more flexible and convenient than traditional face-to-face learning. Students can learn at their own pace and in their own way, and they can access course materials and lectures from anywhere with an internet connection. Additionally, online learning can be more affordable than traditional face-to-face learning.However, there are also some disadvantages to online learning. For example, online learning can be more isolating than traditional face-to-face learning, as students may not have the opportunity to interact with their classmates and instructors in person. Additionally, online learning can be more challenging for students who need more support from their instructors.3. What do you think the future of education will be like?I believe that the future of education will be increasingly online. As technology continues to develop, we will see more and more online courses and tutorials becoming available. Additionally, I believe that we will see more schools and universities offering online degrees. I also believe that we will see more personalized learning, as students will be able to learn at their own pace and in their own way.。
剑桥商务英语中级模拟18
Test 5READING 45 minutesREADINGPART ONEQuestions 1—7·Look at the statement and the company book's description below.·Which discription (A, B, C or D) does each statement 1—7 refer to?·For each sentence 1—7, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.·You will need to use some of the letters more than once.1. College students studying how to be a good teacher.2. A student trained to be a teacher of secretarial subjects.3. Companys typist.4. College students of economics.5. School students taking economics for School Certificate.6. The company's secretary.7. The teacher who teaching economics in college.ATeaching Pitman's ShorthandThis book provides everything the teacher in training, and in the classroom, needs to know about the present knowledge of the principles of learning and their theoretical and practical application to the teaching of Pitman's Shorthand. It covers the syllabuses for the Royal Society of Arts 'Teachers' Certificate in Shorthand and the Joint Examining Boards 'Teachers' Diploma in Shorthand.BObjective Tests in EconomicsThe objective form of testing is being used increasingly in public examinations. By employing the following objective methods the book will assist the teacher in testing students' knowledge: multiple choice; multiple completion; matching; and assertion reason. The questions may be used with any textbook covering the examinations in economics O level, RSA (Stage 1) and LCC (Intermediate).CTypingPerson can learn to type accurately and quickly in only a few hours. Type it! presents a speedy method of keyboard mastery followed by straight copy material which shows how to 'touch' type for personal use without looking at the keyboard. Suitable for anyone who wishes to learn to 'touch' type, the only prerequisite is intense concentration!DDescriptive EconomicsC. D. Harbury, Professor of Economics and Head of Department of Social Science and Humanities. City University Offers a comprehensive description of the British economy. The book summarizes the theory underlying economics and the factual and institutional framework of the British economic system. Graphs, maps, charts and exercises help to illustrate and extend the text.PART TWOQuestions 8—12·Read the article below about financial risks.·Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps,·For each gap 8—12, mark one letter (A—a) on your Answer Sheet.·De not use any letter more than once.·There is an example at the beginning.Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, (8) which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or (9) . One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, (10) .Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavourable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers (11) . International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. (12) , devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.A. After serious considerationB. commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.C. however, is competitionD. any other disagreement over which payment is withheldE. to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planningF. so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular marketG. Before rates were permitted to floatPART THREEQuestions 13—18·Read the article about managing a small business and the questions below.·For each question 13—18,mark one letter (A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.The Hardships of Operating A Small Business'The organisational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to cope with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic,' Bill Wilson wrote recently in Times. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialised body of wisdom, or possibly both, Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses have historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organisational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true—that people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are a business's most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest 'management solution'. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with 'management solutions' does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leader's problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. These is an organisation called ZERO which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a 'moderator', an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This spurs a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being unveiled.13. According to the second paragraph, what has led to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?A. Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independently.B. The requirements of big businesses have always taken priority.C. It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneurs.D. Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about their businesses.14. What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?A. It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B. The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C. They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.D. They could learn from the organisational skills of managers in large companies.15. What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?A. They rely on management systems that are out of date.B. They will not adopt measures that provide long-term solutions,C. They have little confidence in the business advice that is available.D. They do not take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.16. What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses?A. Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growth,B. Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.C. Being able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.D. Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.17. The writer says that ZERO groups are likely to succeed because ______.A. members are able to elect their leader.B. the leaders have received extensive training.C. members are encouraged to adopt a critical approach.D. information is not passed on to non-members.18. What does the writer say the members of the ZERO organisation provide?A. Advice on how to select suitable staff.B. A means of contacting potential clients.C. A simple checklist for analysing problems.D. Direct experience of a number of industries.PART FOURQuestions 19—33·Read the article about People Express.·Choose the best word to fill each blank, from A, B, C or D.·For each question 19—33 mark one letter (A, B, C or D )on your Answer Sheet.·There is an example at the beginning.People ExpressPeople Express, founded in April 1981, grew rapidly on the basis of low fares and no-frills service. It soon became a leading airline and (19) changed the industry as firms constantly engaged in price wars to lure passengers. Then, People Express' bubble (20) because it overexpanded, consumer complaints mounted and other airlines matched its fares on popular routes. In 1986, People Express (21) hundreds of millions of dollars and was forced to sell out to Texas Air, the owner of Continental and Eastern Airlines.In early 1987, Texas Air (22) People Express into its Continental division and industry observers believed(23) the costly fare wars would be ended. They could not have been more wrong. To stimulate business for its(24) Continental Airlines, Texas Air instituted a new low fare category (25) MaxSaver. The fare offered prices that were up to 40 per cent lower than "supersaver" rates offered (26) all airlines. For example, the round-trip MaxSaver fare from New York to Houston was $79. The MaxSaver fares were immediately matched by all major airlines, (27) feared losing business.While MaxSaver rates were low, they also had restrictions. Tickets could not be (28) or flight times modified after purchase. Passengers would have to stay over either a Saturday or Sunday, Reservations had to be made at least two days (29) and there were limited seats available. Three weeks after MaxSaver rates were (30) American Airlines announced plans to raise its discount fares and require 30-day (31) purchasing for its lowest fares. It felt it could not continue at the rates in effect. However, just 10 days (32) American Airlines had to revise its plan. Texas Air refused to abandon the MaxSaver fare; it even extended the program into the busy summer sea son. Competitors went along and the price war raged on, (33) an executive's comment that "nobody's cost structure can survive MaxSavers."19. A. little B. slowly C. quick D. radically20. A. burst B. explode C. opened D. disappeared21. A. gained B. made C. lost D. disappeared22. A. emerged B. merged C. has combined D. mixed23. A. what B. which C. where D. that24. A. expand B. to extend C. expanded D. extended25. A. called B. calling C. to call D. calling on26. A. to B. for C. with D. by27. A. what B. that C. which D. this28. A. put off B. canceling C. destroyed D. canceled29. A. before B. in advance C. ahead of D. later30. A. introduced B. brought in C. taken in D. adapted31. A. advanced B. before C. ahead D. prior to32. A. lately B. later C. late D. latter33. A. despite of B. despite C. in spite D. althoughPART FIVEQuestions 34—45·Read the text about the importance of qualifications.·In most of the lines 34—45 there is one extra word. One or two lines, however, are correct.·If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.·If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.The Importance of QualificationsYoung people and their parents are aware that it is increasingly necessary tohave good qualifications order to get a job nowadays. Going to university and34. into further education is considered very important by both teenagers and their35. parents. 63% of teenagers in full-time education want to go on to university or36. further education, although this figure does decreases as young people37. approach this big decision. Young women in particular wish to enter the higher38. education with three times as many girls continuing to studying in preference39. to going straight to work. Although family influence is still very important in40. helping the young in make career choices. Today's careers information and41. work experience play a mater part in decisions about his employment.42. Over 80% of young people do not want to follow in their parents footsteps43. by going into the same jobs and 74% of parents would rather prefer their children to44. choose a different career to their own. Researchers were surprised by this result.45. And young people who do the same jobs as their parents do not always live happily.WRITING 45 minutesWRITINGPART ONEQuestion 46·You are the secretary of Mr Fred Jenkin, managing director of the company, You have been ask to make some changed to a previous notice about the Staff Annal Dance.·Write a notice to the staff.·Saying the date is Saturday 28 May not 21 May.·Anouncing the place is Grand Hotel in Manchester instead of Metropole in Newmarket.·Saying the time is from 8 p. m. till midnight.·Write 40—50 words on a separate sheet.PART TWOQuestion 47You are a clerk in a certain multinational corporation. You are asked to write a report about the target nation's economic situation, you received the information as follows:Read the following table and graph which show the situation of this developing country, telling the sectoral distribution of employment and GDP.·Use the information in the table to write a short report (about 100—120 words)·Write on your Answer Sheet.LISTENING 40 minutes (including 10 minutes' transfer time)LISTENINGPART ONEQuestions 1—12·You will hear three conversations.·Write down one or two words or a number in the numbered spaces on the notes or forms.·After you have listened once, replay the recordingConversation One (Questions 1—4)Information About House BuyerName: Donald EakinsAddress: (1) Pine Street in San Francisco.Telephone Number: (2)Occupation: (3) clerk working for (4) House Department StoreConversation Two (Questions 5—8)Concert InformationPlace: (5) AuditoriumTicket price: (6) and seven fiftyBeginning time: (7) on FridayEnding time: around (8) o'clock on Friday.Conversation Three (Questions 9—12)1 Dick had planned to invite Cathy to go to a concert on (9) , but Cathy has to work on this day.2 Concert starting time: At (10) sharp.3 Dick will pick up Cathy at (11)4 Cathy's address: (12) Dearfield drive.PART TWOQuestions 13—22Section One(Questions 13—17)·You will hear five short recordings about different departments of an organisation.·For each recording, decide which department A—H the speaker is talking about.·Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the recording.·Do not use any letter more than once.·Afer you have listened once, replay the recording.A canteenB shop floorC receptionD publicityE payrollF human resourcesG informantion technologyH research & development13. ______14. ______15. ______16. ______17. ______Section Two(Questions 18—22)·You will hear another five short pieces.·For each piece decide who is talking.·Write one letter A—H next to the number of the piece.·Your will hear the five pieces twice.SpeakersA typistB teacherC garage ownerD electricianE chemistF shop assistantG doctorH cleaner18. ______19. ______20. ______21. ______22. ______PART THREEQuestions 23—30·You will hear a talk presented by a reporter about high-tech market in the world.·For each question 23—30 mark one letter(A,B or C)for the correct answer.·After you have listened once, replay the recording.23. From 1971 until 1986, Japanese share in high technology export market increased by ______.A. almost 5%B. almost 10%C. almost 20%24. Other countries experienced a loss in high technology export market share of by almost ______.A. 10%B. 11%C. 12%25. High technology is characterized by ______.A. economics of scale and high costs and high risksB. low costs and high profitsC. much investment26. Small countries use export to realize the economics of scale that is very ______.A. easyB. difficultC. no use27. Large countries with large domestic markets have a distinct advantage in high-tech production because of ______.A. growing economics of scale and ready access to a large number of potential usersB. having enough rich consumersC. the consumer's need becoming similar28. Another reason why small countries are less involved in high-tech markets is that ______.A. lazinessB. less creativityC. the transportation costs of low-tech products29. In the article small countries are lass involved in high-tech markets probably because of ______.A. transportation costsB. significant start-up costs and large countries leader advantagesC. less creativity30. It is also possible that ______.A. small countries occupy certain places within some high-tech sectorsB. small countries will have a equal share in high-tech marketsC. small countries also realize prosperity through specializing in low-tech productionSPEAKING 14 minutesSPEAKINGPART ONEThe interview—about 3 minutesIn this part the interlocutor asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.PART TWO'Mini presentation'—about 6 minutesIn this part of the test you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic. You have to choose one of the topics from the three below and then talk for about one minute. You have one minute to prepare your ideas.A. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?DEVELOPING AN ADVERTISING PROGRAM·COST·EFFECTIVENESSB. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?DEVELOPING A PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR A NEW PRODUCT·TARGET AUDIENCE·BUDGETC. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?CHOOSING A BUSINESS PATNER·POPULARITY·CAPITALPART THREEDiscussion—about 5 minutesIn this part of the test you are given a discussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at the prompt card, an exam pie of which is below, and then about 3 minutes to discuss the topic with your partner, After that the examiner will ask you more questions related to the topic.For two candidatesCompromise on priceIBM, one of your company's clients in the USA, is considering building a factory in Shanghai.Discuss the situation together, and decide:·where to build the factory.·what the company needs to know aboutwork practices.For three candidatesCompromise on priceIBM, one of your company's clients in the USA, is considering building a factory in Shanghai.Discuss the situation together, and decide:·where to build the factory·what the company needs to know about work practices.·the local government's invest regulations.KEYReadingPART ONE1．A “学习如何做合格老师的大学生”。
新编剑桥商务英语高级答案
新编剑桥商务英语高级答案【篇一：新编剑桥商务英语高级第三版第10.1】p> 10.1 travel and entertainmentvocabulary business travel1do you agree with this view?‘i can see a trend, executives want to save costs on businesstravel ,and connecting people virtually is becoming more affordable.’2study the phrases in the box.what does each one mean?how is it pronounced?commute subsidised transport congestion give a lift to someone rush hour teleconferencingcar share schemetravel expenses3which of these statements do you sympathise with?1 spending two hours each day commuting to and from work really affects people’s quality of life.2 it’s fair that the company should subsidise travel for people who commute a long way to work.learning tip 3 if more people worked flexibly we could avoidcongestion and rush hours.try to use idiomatic 4 i don’t mind giving a colleague a lift to work now andphrases when then but i couldn’t take part in a car share scheme. i expressing opinions: enjoy that hour to myself in the mornings.eg i couldn’t agree5 air travel is too time-consuming.video andmore ;i’d go alongteleconferencing is the only way forward.wi th that;actually,6 it’s the duty of every employee to manage their business that’s not the way itravel expenses as if it were their own money.see it,etc.4discuss the following questions.1 how do you get to work / college each day?2 why do you use this from of transport ?3 do you pay for your own travel?5as the new manager of the support services atsterrman, engineering firm, you have been asked to reduce spending on travel and entertainment .suggest a policy to tackle each of the problems below.current situation1 the company owns and maintains a fleet of 35company cars for the sales team.2 the company pays for business class tickets on bothlong and short flights.3 the use of expensive restaurants to entertain guestsand clients is very common.4 the company spends a lot on hiring outside rooms formeetings and conferences.compare your answers with a partner.listening a team-building day6 a lot of companies use team-building events ,such ascanoeing events,treasure hunts,company role plays,etc.______.but what should their aim be?prioritise(1-7)the following aims.a generally getting to know each other betterb breaking down formal barriers between management and employeesc bringing out the best qualities in each individual d helping people to feel better about themselvese distinguishing leaders from followersf increasing loyalty to the company g helping to remember that there’s more to life than just work 7 is there some other benefit that hasn’t been m entioned above?8 10.1 your company has organised a team-building day at silverstone motor racing circuit. you have been asked to attend a short presentation of the programmefor the day. listen and complete your notes. use up to three words for each space. team-building day the aims 0 the aim is not only to 1 to learn how each individual think,functions and 2 this new understanding will make us_______________. the schedule 3 meet at the office at ___________________. 4 the journey will take ___________________. 5 for the activities we will be divided into_____________. 6 at lunch there will be a surprise _________________. 7 after the afternoon’s activities there will be a ________. preparation 8 dress__________________. 9 in case of cold bring a jumper or___________________.10 no mobile phones, laptops, but can bring ____________.the home of british motor racing9 what do you think the activities at the circuit will be exactly?grammar future forms1 look at the verb forms in these sentences(1-6).whatform is used to express the following about the future? future formsa an offerlearning tipnote the use of thepresent when twoclauses about thefuture are connectedwith when or anothertime phrase.i will see him.i willgive him yourmessage.__when isee him, i’ll give himyour message.b a decision already takenc an arrangementd a schedulee a general predictionf a confident prediction 1 the day will begin with a working breakfast at eight o’clock after which de legates will have 30 minutes of free time before the first seminar at 10 o’clock. 2 we’re not going to have a christmas party this year; instead we are going to give the money we would have spent to a charity. 3 she’s not easy to convince,is she?i can see this is going to be a very long discussion. 4 don’t worry, i’ll take the laptop with me.that’s one less thing for you to remember. 5 i’m meeting him at his office at 6.30 and then we’re eating at a greek restaurant in the city center. 6 i think he’ll find it difficult to adapt to his new role, because he’s used to being independent. 2 you colleague has written this email for an agent in djakarta.before you send it, she has asked you to put verbs she’s not sure about in the most natural form. dea r jimthank you for your email, asking about our plans fornext year. i (0) will do my best to explain the situation.i agree thatthis year has been disappointing,but weexpect that sales(1)________(pick up)next year.the result of our marketing meeting last week is that we (2)__________(launch) the new version of the dct10 in asia next spring. from the feedback we’ve had in europe,i’m sure it (3) _______(be) a great success.the international gas industry trade fair (4)_______(take place) in singapore next march.i (5)______(fly)out there with jane on 16 march and i hope to have a couple of days extra to see some agents, but i (6)_____(call) you when i (7)_______(have) my exact schedule,so that we can arrange to meet.in the meantime,let me know if you(8)_______(visit) theuk any time soon. then we can arrange to meet for a meal and a chat. best wishessarahreadingevents management3 do you think being responsible for organising corporate events, sponsorship,parties and team-building events in a dream job? why?/why not?4 read the article from a business magazine about organisingcorporate events.● choose the best sentence from those below(a-h) to fill each of the gaps in the test.● do not use any letter more than once.● there is an example at the beginning(0)how to manage an eventhow would be an events organiser?on the face of it ,playing‘my genial host’ to a group of freeloading clients doesn’t seem too arduous a task. but the amount of stress experienced in getting ready for it and the real and ever-present danger ofsomething going horribly wrong make it a job only for those with nerves of steel. (0)e the list is endless.corporate hospitality events should be an opportunity to relax with your customers and get away from business,but instead they actually expose a company to close scrutiny by its most valued audience and leave a lasting impression in theirminds .done well ,the client is left with the image of acreative ,fun and professional organisation. (1)______worse still ,you might offend:the company who arranged a james bond theme night that started with a group of international guests being greeted by bikini-clad ‘bond girls’ should have known better.the first consideration is what the aim of the event is :to launch a new product ,to develop awareness of the company’s mission, to build relationships with new clients or just to thank existing ones for their continued custom .(2)_______for the latter you won’t necessarily have to spend excessively to get it right ,but you willhave to think about what will make the event memorable. audience participation is generally a good way to achievethis ,for example giving a theme to the event ,such as a 1970s disco or a hawaiian evening.(3)________ it may also put some under pressure ,making them feel that they will have to dance like john travolta or to rely more on their wallet than their imagination to make their costume.(4)__________an alternative is simply to give them a treat by taking them to a show or sporting event and afterwards for a meal where they can relax and chat .(5)________ the advantage of these is that the clients are more likely to look forward to it and to share the good news with others in the wider world who may also have an interest in the event .(6)________in addition ,anything that goes wrong at the events is likely to reflect badly on the main organiser and not your company.a this will get the participants more involved and help to‘break the ice ’ if peopledon’t know each other well,but be careful.b an example of this would be a golf tournament or a football match.c the first two are more like presentations and will mean putting on a show to impress.d staff parties,on the other hand ,are much less stressful because the consequencesof failure are not so damaging.e a speaker may not turn up ,a piece of vital equipment may fail ,the invitation maygive the wrong date.f done badly ,the company may end up lookingcheesy ,disorganised or even cheap.g the result is good publicity and an enhanced image for the company.h the balance is a difficult one and it all depends on the skill of the organiser in theplanning and publicizing of the event ,so the guests feel at ease.vocabularygo and get1 complete the following sentences using the correct form ofeither go or get.0 there is always a danger that something will go wrong on the day.【篇二：新编剑桥商务英语(高级)第三版3.1】p class=txt>3.1 communication at workvocabularymean of communication1 what does this quotation mean to you?‘think like a wise man but communication in the language of the people.’w.b. yeats, poet (1865-1939)2 delete the verb that does not go with each type of business communication. 0anemailsend /draft /post1a phone calldo/make /receive2a press release put up /issue/put out3an advertising campaign launch/run /make4a presentation give /make/ tell5a meeting or seminarhold /attend /carry out6 a report produce/run/publish7a noticeput out/put up/ display8a memo to all concernedpublish/send out/circulate9information on the internet post/make/put3 for which of the following would you feel most confident using your english? and least confident? discuss with your partner.a presentation a meeting a phone calla reportan email4discuss these quotations with your partner.? have you had good experiences of dealing with companies through callcentres?? do you shop on the internet? why? /whynot?? with which products or services is face-to-face contact helpful? with which isit unnecessary?5 read the five extracts from the magazine management now on page27 andthen match each of the eight statements (1-8) with one of the extracts. you will need to use some of the texts more than one.0 you can gather a lot of customer data with modern computer systems. a1 one future trend will be more direct contact between companies and their customers._____2 business hasn’t really changed, only the media of communication._____3 companies need to think about which channel is most appropriate to their customers ’needs._______4 customers are frequently frustrated by not being put though quickly to the person they need to speak to._____5 there is less human interaction nowadays, but this isn’t necessarily bad for the customer.________management now. april issuebetter communication?natalie fitzgerald asked five people working in the field what they thought.a bill osmond, data analysti think he’s got a good point. powerful it systems give companies enormous amounts of information on customer behavior, but it’s what they can do this data that matters.a good example in recent years was centrica, the british utility company. it acquired a big portfolio of different companies and then spent huge amounts of money on an it system designed to cross-sell its various products and services-financial services, telephone contracts, energy supply and so on _to the customers in its different businesses. but they never managed to do it, because their it people were unable to merge all the customer databases or to make them talk to each otherb sarah bridgestone, former call centre managerabsolutely. call centres can more often act as a barrier than a help. talk the example of a well-known mobile phone operator. when a customer calls, he’s given a list of options to choo se from: dial i for bill enquiries, 2 to upgrade his handset, 3 if he has a technical problem, 4 if he’s thinking of leaving the company. from each of these he’s taken through another list of options. if he still can’t find what he is looking for, he’s inv ited to ‘stay on the line until an operator becomes available’. this can take up to ten minutes, by which time he is now seriously thinking of going back to option 4 and cancelling his contract. it really seems counter-productive.cdoug cook, bank managerthere is no doubt that modern communication channels have depersonalized a lot of customer contact. banks have been doing this for years, trying to commoditise the service that they offer so that they can rationalize it and make it cheaper to deliver most transactions- bank deposits, cash withdrawals, issuing of statements-have been automated whether at a cash machine, over the phone or online. this has saved companies and the customer money. but cost-cutting is by no means theonly driver- it’s a trend a lso driver by customer demand for a quick and flexible service.d farhana patel, online retailerit’s just about convenience. whether i text you a message or tell you the same message face-to-face, it’s still a message. the growth of internet shopping compared to that of high street shopping shows very clearly that customers want cheaper and more accessible services. sellers like the convenience too of course. ebay started out as a market place for individuals but, increasingly, companies have used it to sell products direct to consumers. in face it’s not very different from a traditional market place. there is still a community of buyers and sellers who talk to each other and do business just the same as if they were dealing face-to-face.e brian macwhinney, management consultantbusinesses are often too quick to embrace new technology in order to save money or gain a competitive advantage. but applying the same solution to all types of business is never a good idea. there are cultural factors to consider. using a call centre in india to handle enquiries about train times on railways in europe is a bad idea because it isn’t suited to customers’ expectations. on the other hand, a european customer of a computer company doesn’t really mind if his technical problem is solved by a call centre operator in india or ireland or alaska, because it doesn’t require any cultural knowledge. good communication is about finding the right channel. in time, i expect we’ll see a return to more face-to-face contact with customers and more local services. speaking 1 which of the following do you find useful? when do you use it? why?mobile phone email sms msnblackberry2 decide the best ways to communication the following messages.first letter has been written for you).0to answer somebody, you give a reply.1to ask for something, you make a r_____.2to help someone remember, you give them a r_____.3 to suggest or recommend something, you make a p_____.4 to say something publicly, you make an a______.5 to say sorry you make an a______.6to insist that someone does something, you make a d_____.grammargrammar tipoften verbs that express a similar notion will take the same form, eg dissuade discourage, deter are all followed by someone from doing.this can also be the case with opposite notions, eg agree and refuse +to do. i discouraged him from applying for the job.i dissuaded him from applying for the job.verb patternsin the email below, all the forms following the communication verbs (discuss, apologise etc) are underlined. some are incorrect. correct them.dear jimfor givingfor givingup your time to help us.it’s very kind of you to agree (1) working with us on this project-i know you are very busy. when we last met, we discussed (2) a special team to deal with complaints from customers. i have since had a meeting with sarah, the head of thewe need a better system for dealing with complaints.last week, a customer rang to complain (7) to wait one month for interest on it before delivering the product. the sales person who answered the call offered him a discount, without even checking the history of the order. when i checked, i discovered an email from us in forming the customer when he thought the product (10) a one-month delay in delivery. the salesman was very defensive and said that he couldn’t be criticized (11)keep the customer happy!so you see, we’ve got a lot of work to do. looking forward to hearing from you. best wisheskaren 5put the words below into their correct place in the table.urgethreaten proposeundertakepraise blamerecommenddeny convince6 complete these sentences.0they threaten to take us to court if we didn’t pay them immediately.1it’s a very sensitive issue. i suggest __________ an anonymous email.2once, in a restaurant, i complained ___________ and the manager told us to leave. 3what a waste of time! we spent three hours discussing___________.4the company offered__________, but amazingly she refused.5i’ve promised ___________ by tomorrow morning.6 i can’t believe you had to remind him ____________. that’s his job.【篇三：新编剑桥商务英语(初级)学生用书_答案_module_1.1-5.3】ing and workshopsp6what does your job involve? p7the present simplep8module 1.2personal and professional details meeting peoplep10job and work p12module 1.3bec preliminary exam p14p15 reading test。
剑桥商务英语中级模拟18
Test 5READING 45 minutesREADINGPART ONEQuestions 1—7·Look at the statement and the company book's description below.·Which discription (A, B, C or D) does each statement 1—7 refer to?·For each sentence 1—7, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.·You will need to use some of the letters more than once.1. College students studying how to be a good teacher.2. A student trained to be a teacher of secretarial subjects.3. Companys typist.4. College students of economics.5. School students taking economics for School Certificate.6. The company's secretary.7. The teacher who teaching economics in college.ATeaching Pitman's ShorthandThis book provides everything the teacher in training, and in the classroom, needs to know about the present knowledge of the principles of learning and their theoretical and practical application to the teaching of Pitman's Shorthand. It covers the syllabuses for the Royal Society of Arts 'Teachers' Certificate in Shorthand and the Joint Examining Boards 'Teachers' Diploma in Shorthand.BObjective Tests in EconomicsThe objective form of testing is being used increasingly in public examinations. By employing the following objective methods the book will assist the teacher in testing students' knowledge: multiple choice; multiple completion; matching; and assertion reason. The questions may be used with any textbook covering the examinations in economics O level, RSA (Stage 1) and LCC (Intermediate).CTypingPerson can learn to type accurately and quickly in only a few hours. Type it! presents a speedy method of keyboard mastery followed by straight copy material which shows how to 'touch' type for personal use without looking at the keyboard. Suitable for anyone who wishes to learn to 'touch' type, the only prerequisite is intense concentration!DDescriptive EconomicsC. D. Harbury, Professor of Economics and Head of Department of Social Science and Humanities. City University Offers a comprehensive description of the British economy. The book summarizes the theory underlying economics and the factual and institutional framework of the British economic system. Graphs, maps, charts and exercises help to illustrate and extend the text.PART TWOQuestions 8—12·Read the article below about financial risks.·Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps,·For each gap 8—12, mark one letter (A—a) on your Answer Sheet.·De not use any letter more than once.·There is an example at the beginning.Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, (8) which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or (9) . One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, (10) .Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavourable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers (11) . International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. (12) , devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.A. After serious considerationB. commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.C. however, is competitionD. any other disagreement over which payment is withheldE. to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planningF. so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular marketG. Before rates were permitted to floatPART THREEQuestions 13—18·Read the article about managing a small business and the questions below.·For each question 13—18,mark one letter (A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.The Hardships of Operating A Small Business'The organisational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to cope with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic,' Bill Wilson wrote recently in Times. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialised body of wisdom, or possibly both, Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses have historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organisational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true—that people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are a business's most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest 'management solution'. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with 'management solutions' does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leader's problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. These is an organisation called ZERO which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a 'moderator', an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This spurs a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being unveiled.13. According to the second paragraph, what has led to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?A. Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independently.B. The requirements of big businesses have always taken priority.C. It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneurs.D. Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about their businesses.14. What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?A. It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B. The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C. They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.D. They could learn from the organisational skills of managers in large companies.15. What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?A. They rely on management systems that are out of date.B. They will not adopt measures that provide long-term solutions,C. They have little confidence in the business advice that is available.D. They do not take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.16. What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses?A. Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growth,B. Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.C. Being able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.D. Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.17. The writer says that ZERO groups are likely to succeed because ______.A. members are able to elect their leader.B. the leaders have received extensive training.C. members are encouraged to adopt a critical approach.D. information is not passed on to non-members.18. What does the writer say the members of the ZERO organisation provide?A. Advice on how to select suitable staff.B. A means of contacting potential clients.C. A simple checklist for analysing problems.D. Direct experience of a number of industries.PART FOURQuestions 19—33·Read the article about People Express.·Choose the best word to fill each blank, from A, B, C or D.·For each question 19—33 mark one letter (A, B, C or D )on your Answer Sheet.·There is an example at the beginning.People ExpressPeople Express, founded in April 1981, grew rapidly on the basis of low fares and no-frills service. It soon became a leading airline and (19) changed the industry as firms constantly engaged in price wars to lure passengers. Then, People Express' bubble (20) because it overexpanded, consumer complaints mounted and other airlines matched its fares on popular routes. In 1986, People Express (21) hundreds of millions of dollars and was forced to sell out to Texas Air, the owner of Continental and Eastern Airlines.In early 1987, Texas Air (22) People Express into its Continental division and industry observers believed(23) the costly fare wars would be ended. They could not have been more wrong. To stimulate business for its(24) Continental Airlines, Texas Air instituted a new low fare category (25) MaxSaver. The fare offered prices that were up to 40 per cent lower than "supersaver" rates offered (26) all airlines. For example, the round-trip MaxSaver fare from New York to Houston was $79. The MaxSaver fares were immediately matched by all major airlines, (27) feared losing business.While MaxSaver rates were low, they also had restrictions. Tickets could not be (28) or flight times modified after purchase. Passengers would have to stay over either a Saturday or Sunday, Reservations had to be made at least two days (29) and there were limited seats available. Three weeks after MaxSaver rates were (30) American Airlines announced plans to raise its discount fares and require 30-day (31) purchasing for its lowest fares. It felt it could not continue at the rates in effect. However, just 10 days (32) American Airlines had to revise its plan. Texas Air refused to abandon the MaxSaver fare; it even extended the program into the busy summer sea son. Competitors went along and the price war raged on, (33) an executive's comment that "nobody's cost structure can survive MaxSavers."19. A. little B. slowly C. quick D. radically20. A. burst B. explode C. opened D. disappeared21. A. gained B. made C. lost D. disappeared22. A. emerged B. merged C. has combined D. mixed23. A. what B. which C. where D. that24. A. expand B. to extend C. expanded D. extended25. A. called B. calling C. to call D. calling on26. A. to B. for C. with D. by27. A. what B. that C. which D. this28. A. put off B. canceling C. destroyed D. canceled29. A. before B. in advance C. ahead of D. later30. A. introduced B. brought in C. taken in D. adapted31. A. advanced B. before C. ahead D. prior to32. A. lately B. later C. late D. latter33. A. despite of B. despite C. in spite D. althoughPART FIVEQuestions 34—45·Read the text about the importance of qualifications.·In most of the lines 34—45 there is one extra word. One or two lines, however, are correct.·If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.·If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.The Importance of QualificationsYoung people and their parents are aware that it is increasingly necessary tohave good qualifications order to get a job nowadays. Going to university and34. into further education is considered very important by both teenagers and their35. parents. 63% of teenagers in full-time education want to go on to university or36. further education, although this figure does decreases as young people37. approach this big decision. Young women in particular wish to enter the higher38. education with three times as many girls continuing to studying in preference39. to going straight to work. Although family influence is still very important in40. helping the young in make career choices. Today's careers information and41. work experience play a mater part in decisions about his employment.42. Over 80% of young people do not want to follow in their parents footsteps43. by going into the same jobs and 74% of parents would rather prefer their children to44. choose a different career to their own. Researchers were surprised by this result.45. And young people who do the same jobs as their parents do not always live happily.WRITING 45 minutesWRITINGPART ONEQuestion 46·You are the secretary of Mr Fred Jenkin, managing director of the company, You have been ask to make some changed to a previous notice about the Staff Annal Dance.·Write a notice to the staff.·Saying the date is Saturday 28 May not 21 May.·Anouncing the place is Grand Hotel in Manchester instead of Metropole in Newmarket.·Saying the time is from 8 p. m. till midnight.·Write 40—50 words on a separate sheet.PART TWOQuestion 47You are a clerk in a certain multinational corporation. You are asked to write a report about the target nation's economic situation, you received the information as follows:Read the following table and graph which show the situation of this developing country, telling the sectoral distribution of employment and GDP.·Use the information in the table to write a short report (about 100—120 words)·Write on your Answer Sheet.LISTENING 40 minutes (including 10 minutes' transfer time)LISTENINGPART ONEQuestions 1—12·You will hear three conversations.·Write down one or two words or a number in the numbered spaces on the notes or forms.·After you have listened once, replay the recordingConversation One (Questions 1—4)Information About House BuyerName: Donald EakinsAddress: (1) Pine Street in San Francisco.Telephone Number: (2)Occupation: (3) clerk working for (4) House Department StoreConversation Two (Questions 5—8)Concert InformationPlace: (5) AuditoriumTicket price: (6) and seven fiftyBeginning time: (7) on FridayEnding time: around (8) o'clock on Friday.Conversation Three (Questions 9—12)1 Dick had planned to invite Cathy to go to a concert on (9) , but Cathy has to work on this day.2 Concert starting time: At (10) sharp.3 Dick will pick up Cathy at (11)4 Cathy's address: (12) Dearfield drive.PART TWOQuestions 13—22Section One(Questions 13—17)·You will hear five short recordings about different departments of an organisation.·For each recording, decide which department A—H the speaker is talking about.·Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the recording.·Do not use any letter more than once.·Afer you have listened once, replay the recording.A canteenB shop floorC receptionD publicityE payrollF human resourcesG informantion technologyH research & development13. ______14. ______15. ______16. ______17. ______Section Two(Questions 18—22)·You will hear another five short pieces.·For each piece decide who is talking.·Write one letter A—H next to the number of the piece.·Your will hear the five pieces twice.SpeakersA typistB teacherC garage ownerD electricianE chemistF shop assistantG doctorH cleaner18. ______19. ______20. ______21. ______22. ______PART THREEQuestions 23—30·You will hear a talk presented by a reporter about high-tech market in the world.·For each question 23—30 mark one letter(A,B or C)for the correct answer.·After you have listened once, replay the recording.23. From 1971 until 1986, Japanese share in high technology export market increased by ______.A. almost 5%B. almost 10%C. almost 20%24. Other countries experienced a loss in high technology export market share of by almost ______.A. 10%B. 11%C. 12%25. High technology is characterized by ______.A. economics of scale and high costs and high risksB. low costs and high profitsC. much investment26. Small countries use export to realize the economics of scale that is very ______.A. easyB. difficultC. no use27. Large countries with large domestic markets have a distinct advantage in high-tech production because of ______.A. growing economics of scale and ready access to a large number of potential usersB. having enough rich consumersC. the consumer's need becoming similar28. Another reason why small countries are less involved in high-tech markets is that ______.A. lazinessB. less creativityC. the transportation costs of low-tech products29. In the article small countries are lass involved in high-tech markets probably because of ______.A. transportation costsB. significant start-up costs and large countries leader advantagesC. less creativity30. It is also possible that ______.A. small countries occupy certain places within some high-tech sectorsB. small countries will have a equal share in high-tech marketsC. small countries also realize prosperity through specializing in low-tech productionSPEAKING 14 minutesSPEAKINGPART ONEThe interview—about 3 minutesIn this part the interlocutor asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.PART TWO'Mini presentation'—about 6 minutesIn this part of the test you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic. You have to choose one of the topics from the three below and then talk for about one minute. You have one minute to prepare your ideas.A. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?DEVELOPING AN ADVERTISING PROGRAM·COST·EFFECTIVENESSB. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?DEVELOPING A PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR A NEW PRODUCT·TARGET AUDIENCE·BUDGETC. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?CHOOSING A BUSINESS PATNER·POPULARITY·CAPITALPART THREEDiscussion—about 5 minutesIn this part of the test you are given a discussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at the prompt card, an exam pie of which is below, and then about 3 minutes to discuss the topic with your partner, After that the examiner will ask you more questions related to the topic.For two candidatesCompromise on priceIBM, one of your company's clients in the USA, is considering building a factory in Shanghai.Discuss the situation together, and decide:·where to build the factory.·what the company needs to know aboutwork practices.For three candidatesCompromise on priceIBM, one of your company's clients in the USA, is considering building a factory in Shanghai.Discuss the situation together, and decide:·where to build the factory·what the company needs to know about work practices.·the local government's invest regulations.KEYReadingPART ONE1．A “学习如何做合格老师的大学生”。
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G: Thank you.
Answers
Economic indicator ↑/↓
Reason
Inflation
↑
Wages have gone up
Interest rates
↑
To control inflation
I: Finally, what about investment?
G: We think that investment will increase next year. Companies have to put more money into computer systems and into making their factories more modern.
Green: Well, I predict that inflation will rise slightly, by about 4%. Wages have gone up this year, and this usually means prices rise, too.
I: OK, and what about interest rates?
have all the information stores need.
3
M: I’m certain information will be the most important commodity of the future. If you don’t believe me, just look how popular the Internet has become in the past few years!
1
W: Do you think cash will become unnecessary in the next century?
M: Oh, I’m sure it will. People will use credit cards or other forms of plastic money, so no one will need cash as well.
I: That’s too bad- no new car for me next year! Now what about production?
G: Well, this is all part of the cycle: wages go up, inflation goes up, interest rates go up, so production usually falls. And, of course, with rising inflation, we won’t buy as much ourselves, either! We predict that production will fall next year by about 5% because our currency will be stronger. This means that fewer people abroad will buy our goods because they are too expensive. Exports will fall, so we will not need to produce as much.
解 Smart card 智能卡 Service industry 服务业 Electronic immigrant 电子移民
Answers
1 service industries 2 electronic immigrants 3 cash 4 smart cards 5 information
Interviewer: Today we have Bob Green, an economics expert, in the studio with us. Bob, could you tell us something about the economic forecasts for next year? For example, what will happen to inflation?
2 W: I expect smart cards will replace all the
cards we have at present. M: Really? Why do you think that? W: Well, all you will need is one card- it’ll
I: Falling production, falling exports- that all sounds rather bad! What about imports then?
G: Well, we predict that these will rise by 7%. People might not have so much money to spend, but what they do buy will probably be electronic goods, and we will import more of these to meet demand.
Answers:
1 will rise 2 will increase 3 didn’t rise 4 will go up 5 will go down 6 will fall
C. Listening
New words:
Economics n. 经济学 Economics expert 经济专家 Indicator ['ɪndɪkeɪtə] n. 指示器；[试剂] 指示剂； Inflation [ɪn'fleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 膨胀；通货膨胀 Currency ['kʌr(ə)nsɪ]n. 货币；通货 Export [ˈekspɔːt] n. 输出,出口 Import n. 进口，进口货
Unit 18 Future trends
AIMS
1. Express prediction of future trends 2. Express degrees of certainty 3. Future time will future for forecasts and predictions 4. Degrees of certainty
electronic goods
Investment
↑
Companies will buy
computer systems and
modernize factories
18.2 Talking about the future
A. Vocabulary Illustration [ɪlə‘streɪʃ(ə)n] n. 说明；插图；例证；图
Answers
Housing costs Food prices Unemployment Wages Petrol prices
Answers
1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 F
B. Language focus
Will (forecasts and predictions)
Petrol prices
increase slightly
Unemployment will rise
slowly
Wages
won’t
go up/down rapidly[‘ræpɪdlɪ] 迅速的
Food prices
decrease dramatically
Housing costs
fall
[drə‘mætɪkli] 显著地
Production
↓
Inflation up- we can’t
afford to buy things
Exports
↓
Strong currency- peord to buy our products
Imports
↑
People will buy more
I’m sure it won’t happen.
Answers
1 I’m sure cash will… 2 I expect smart cards will… 3 I’m certain information will … 4 I don’t think many people will… 5 I expect we will…
B. Reading
New words:
Rate n. 比率；速度 Transaction [træn'zækʃ(ə)n] n. 交易；事务 microprocessor [maɪkrə(ʊ)‘prəʊsesə]n. [计] 微处理器 Memory [计] 存储器
Identification [aɪ,dentɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 身份证明 commodity [kə'mɒdɪtɪ]n. 商品，货物；日用品
A. Presentation
Our prediction for next year are that unemployment will fall and wages will increase. If you want to buy a house, do it now as housing costs will rise next year. The good news is that petrol prices will decrease [dɪ'kris] vt. 减少，减小 next year, but food prices will go up.