中考英语总复习大纲(2020年整理).pdf

中考英语语法总复习大纲
一．词语辨析
1. some photos = a few photos
= several photos
some tea = a little tea
few tomatoes = not many tomatoes
little coffee = not much coffee
a lot of = lots of
= plenty of
= many / much
＊quite a few﹤quite a lot of …
a great deal of = a great amount of
a great number of
2. He was able to speak Japanese.
= He could speak Japanese.
I am able to mend a bike.
= I can mend a bike.
May I sit here? —Of course, you can.
She may be a cook. (not sure)
= Maybe she is a cook.
＊She must be a cook. (very sure)
3. after 2:00 / after me.
behind the door / behind her.
4. I am taller than before / before the holiday.
I have seen this film before.
She said that she visited Ben two days before.
I came here two days ago.
5. All the students love him.
I know the whole story.
6. Does Sally know the news, too ?
Does Sally also know the news?
Sally ( also) knows the news, (too) .
I have not been to Germany , either .
7. always ﹥usually ﹥often ﹥sometimes ﹥never
＊Alway s ←→never .
usually…but sometimes… .
8. another 另一个Please show me another one . / the other 另一个（两个中的）
Here are two oranges. One is for you , the other is for me .
＊He often helps others . (别人)
There are 50 students in our class .
Twenty- four are boys , the others are girls . (其余的= the rest )
＊s ome …other s… 一些… 一些…
9. as soon as 一… 就… / at once 马上，立刻/ quickly ( 动作) 快/ fast ( 速度) 快/
soon （时间）快；不久。

10. as （作为）As a student you should study hard .
like（像）Cats look like tigers . Don’t do it like that.
11. become (成为) / get （渐渐地）变法/ grow （生长，增长）/ turn （颜色）变/ go （顺
其自然地）变Everything goes well . 一切（发展）顺利。

12. because 回答why 问句
13. begin 开始/begin = start , leave = start 出发，离开。

14. below←→above / under←→over ( 垂直)
15. between (两者) 之中/ among（三者之上）中间
16. big (整体) 大/ large （面积）大/ great 伟大的、好极的
17. bring 带来/ take 拿走/ get 得到/ carry 扛、抬、挑/ hold 握着、举行、容纳
18. evening (18:00 –21:00) 傍晚,晚上
night ( 21:00以后) 夜晚。

19. every day = each day / each of them (OK) Every of ×
20. fall asleep 入睡，睡着了/ go (get ) to asleep （渐渐）入睡/ go to bed （上床）睡觉/ sleep
(n./ v. ) 睡觉
21. except / except for
22. good (质) 好/ fine （天气、身体）好/ well（身体）好(adj . ) v . adv . 好
23. happy 愉快，幸福。

/ glad （高兴）/ pleased
24. have been to 到过，去过(be back) / have gone to 去了(not here)
have been in 在（多久了）
They have been in GZ for a year . 他们来广州/ 到广州一年了。

25. hear 听见（结果）/ hear from … 收到…来信= receive (get) a letter from sb. / hear of 听
说…（后跟单词，词组）. Have you heard the news? / listen听（动作）listen to 听… ＊He listened carefully but heard nothing .
＊hear that (从句) 听说/ I heard that Ben had been back from France.
26. high = very tall . 讲“人”高用tall
27. hope to do 希望/ wish 愿望，祝愿
28. house 房子/ home 家/ family 家庭，家人
29. in the end≈at last 最后
＊at the end of last week 在上周末（用一般过去时）
by the end of last week 直到上周末（用过去完成时）
at the end of next week 在下周末（用一般将来时）
at the end of the street 在街的尽头
30. learn 学会/ study学习，研究
31. little , a little boy / small , a small farm. / big←→small .
32. live 居住/ stay 停留，呆
33. l ook for … 寻找（动作）
find 找到（结果）/ find out 查出
look up 查阅（单词）
＊find 发现，觉得。

34. love 热爱/ like 喜欢/ enjoy 享受… 乐趣
＊enjoy = like … very much
Enjoy yourself = Have a good time .
35. much water = a lot of … / lots of …
many books = a lot of … / lots of …
36. must 必须，一定要（主观上）/ have to 不得不（客观上要）/ need 必要
＊Must we hand in the homework now ? No, you needn’t .
＊You mustn’t take photos here.
You needn’t come here so early.
37. photo 相片/ picture 相片，图画
38. quite＜very＜so＜too
39. raise = put up (vt.) /Raise (Put up) your hands if you know the answer. / rise 升起，上升（vi . ）
/ The sun always rises in the east .
40. road 公路/ street 街道/ the way to the toilet / Beijing Road / High – way
41. say 说（内容）/ speak 说（能力）/ tell 告诉/ talk（交谈）/ tell me a story, tell the truth , tell
a lie ,tell me about your country / speak Chinese≈say it in Chinese / talk to (with) Ben
42. look 看（动作）/ look at sb (sth) 看着（某人，某物）/ see 看见（结果）watch 观看/
read阅读，朗读（书、报、杂志）
＊See a film / see the doctor / watch TV / watch the game (match)
43. shout 叫喊，shout at ( to ) sb. / cry哭喊/ call 叫，呼，打电话。

44. spend 花费( sb 作主语,on sth) / (in) doing sth. / use 使用(sb作主语to do sth) / take 花
费（时间）有一个句型It takes sb . time to do sth . / cost 花费(sth作主语)有一个句型sth . costs sb . money.
45. sound（泛指）声音/ noise 嘈杂声/ voice嗓音(sound (v )听起来)
46. such a good student = So good a student / So beautiful = How beautiful / Such an old building =
what an old building.
47. wear穿着（状态）/ put on 穿上（动作）
＊He is wearing a pair of glasses = He is with a pair of glasses.
She is wearing a beautiful dress (n)
= She is in a beautiful dress (n.)
＊dress up 乔装打扮/ dress sb 为某人穿衣
48. While（正当…时）I was cooking , someone knocked at the door .
= I was cooking when (在…时，延时) someone knocked at the door .
49. borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物
lend sth to sb 把某物借给别人
keep sth for long 借某物已久
50. die (v.) / dead adj. / death n.
We were sad when we knew his death
He died two weeks ago.
He has been dead for two weeks.
51. sometimes 有时some times数次
sometime 某个时候some time 一段时间
二．常见不可数名词
news / music / weather / information / homework / work / paper / food / fruit / milk / tea / coffee / water / drink / bread / meat / rice / time / (a piece of news)
三．派生词
v + er→ n speaker/ writer/ runner/ winner /swimmer/ (visitor inventor)
adj+ness → n. illness/ business/ happiness / kindness
名词—名词science – scientist / art—artist/ music – musician
名词（动词）+ ful / less →adj.
hopeful—hopeless
helpful —helpless
useful—u seless
名词+y → adj sunny/ snowy / windy / rainy / cloudy / funny /
adj+ly→ adv. widely / suddenly / angrily / gently / terribly / truly
名词+ly →adj, friendly
反义词：advantage –disadvantage
possible—impossible
happy--unhappy
对称反义词：danger—safety(n.)
dangerous – safe (adj.)
all—none both—neither
always—never wide—narrow
注意词性：
true—truly—truth
die—dead—death
noise—noisy—noisily
health—healthy—healthily
luck—lucky—luckily
连系动词后用adj.
The food smells delicious (be, look, feel ,taste, smell, sound, get, turn, become)
四．数词
1. about two hundred students
2. several hundreds of students
3. in May, 2008
4. on May 25, 2008
5. in the morning
6. On a cold morning
7. On the morning of May 25
五．形容词、副词
1. write carefully
2. a careful girl(She is careful.)
3. Keep strong / make it easy
4. something important
5. tall enough / quickly enough
6. the people here / there
7. six metres long
8. The room is very bright. (very, so , too, quite, rather)
This room is as big as that one.
9. This news is much more important than that one.( a little, much, even)
10. She is one of the tallest girls in her class.
11. The more, the better.
12. Our city is more and more beautiful. (bigger and bigger)
13. more beautiful
less beautiful
the most important
the least important
六．冠词
1. a useful book / a university / an hour / an arm
2. play football （球类）
play the piano （乐器）
have lunch （三餐）
this / last / next week
3. have a rest
have a good time
4. at the doctor’s
5. go to school / go to the school
6. the boy = this / that boy
七．情态动词
May I smoke here?
No, you can’t / mustn’t.
Must I do it now?
No, you needn’t.
＊needn’t = don’t have to
must be 准是
can’t be 肯定（不是）
may be（或许是）
八．时态
1. I have worked here since I finished university.
2. I have bought a bike .
I bought it last week.
I have had it for a week.
3. Tom has been to Germany twice.
I have been in this city for long.
Kate has gone to France.
4. They will leave tomorrow. ( are going to leave/ are leaving)
5. I want to visit Mr Lee now.(am wanting ×)
6. We were talking about the news when Miss Lin came in.
7. I had finished my homework when my parents came back home.
8. By the end of last term we had learned 3000 English words.
九．被动语态
1. English is widely used all over the world.
2. More trees should be planted in our school.
3. He was let to go into the office.
4. He was seen climbing trees.
5. The computer was sent to her.
十．宾语从句
1. I was told that light goes faster than sound.
2. I wondered if he lived in this village.
3. He asked me what I was doing at that time.
4. I don’t know what I should do = I don’t know what to do(连词，时态，语序，人称)
十一．状语从句
1. We shall go climbing if it is fine tomorrow.
2. I will call you as soon as I get there.
3. Dad was reading while Mum was writing at that time.
4. I was doing my homework while / when the bell rang.
= While (≠when) I was doing my homework the bell rang.
5. I didn’t go to see the film yesterday because I had seen it
= I had seen the film so I didn’t go to see it yesterday.
6. Although he is young he knows a lot.
= He is young but he knows a lot.
7. He spoke slowly so that we could follow him.
= He spoke slowly to let us follow him.
8. He was so weak that he couldn’t say a word.
= He was too weak to say a word.
= He was not strong enough to say a word.
9. He sings more beautifully than I.
= I sing less beautifully than he. = I don’t sing as beautifully as he.
十二．定语从句
1.This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
2.The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
3.Do you know everybody who came to the party?
4.I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
5.This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
6.The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
十三．感叹句
1. What a clever boy he is!
2. How clever the boy is!
3. What an interesting story!
4. How wonderfully!。