名词解释与英文简答(植物学期末复习资料

名词解释与英文简答
名词解释
胞间连丝plasmodesma
Fluids and dissolved substances can pass through primary walls of adjacent cells via plasmodesma which are tiny strands of cytoplasm that extend between the cells through minute openings .
由质膜包围的直径狭窄的通道，内质网管贯穿其中，原生质体间物质运输和信号转导的桥梁。

细胞周期cell cycle
In somatic cells that are capable of dividing .the cell cycle is the period from the beginning of one division to the beginning of the next division .commonly ,the cell cycle is divided into interphase and mitosis.
细胞周期：有分裂能力的细胞，由一次分裂结束到下一次分裂完成所经历的整个历程。

包括分裂间期和分裂期。

凯氏带casparian strip
a band of waterproof material around the radial and transverse cells of the endodermis. ensure that water and minerals enter the xylem only by passing through the endodermal cells . pollination 传粉
process that pollens from one flower are transferred to stigma of another flowers.
Self-pollination 自花传粉
Pollens are transferred to stigma of same flowers.
Cross-pollination 异花传粉
Pollen is transferred from the stamen of one plant to the sigma of a different plant.
Biodiversity 生物多样性
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. This can refer to genetic variation, species variation, or ecosystem variation within an area, biome, or planet.
Cell growth 细胞的生长
Growth ,an irreversible increase in size ,is accomplished by a combination of cell division and cell enlargement .
Cell differentiation 细胞的分化
The process by which cells that have identical genetic constitutions become different from one another and from the meristematic cells from which they originated .
Tissue 组织
A tissue is a group of cells that forms a structural and functional unit .
Organ 器官
In biology ,an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function .
Root 根
Roots are plants’ link to the underground environment .
Vascular cambium 维管形成层
The vascular cambium is a thin layer of cells sandwiched between the xylem and the phloem in the vascular bundles.
Leaves 叶
The lateral organs of a shoot .typically have a more-or –less flattened form .and a dorsiventral structure .
Incomplete leave 不完全叶
Lack of any one or two parts of petiole ,blade and stipule .
Flower 花
The flower is a characteristic system of reproductive organs of angiosperms in which two basic processes of sexual reproduction ,meiosis and the fusion of male and female gametes occur resulting in the production of a new generation ,the embryo .
英文简答
细胞学说Cell theory
1.all living organisms are composed of one or more cells .
2.the chemical reactions of a living organism ,including its energy-releasing processes and its
biosynthetic reactions ,take place within cells .
3.cells arise from other cells .
4.cells contain the hereditary information of the organisms of which they are a part and this
information is passed from parent cell to daughter cell .
Plasma membrane function 质膜的功能
1.It mediates the transport of substances into and of the protoplast.
2.It coordinates the synthesis and assembly of the cellulose microfibrils that make up the cell
wall.
3.It receives and transmits hormonal and environmental signals involved in the control of cell
growth and differentiation.
Nuclear function 细胞核的功能
Function
1.it controls the ongoing activities of the cell by determining which protein molecules are
produced business the cell and when they are produced .
2.it stores most of the cells genetic information passing it on to the daughter cells in the course
of cell division .。