“问责制”英语怎么说
问责制度解释
什么是问责机制（定义）问责制是指问责主体对其管辖范围内各级组织和成员承担职责和义务的履行情况，实施并要求其承担否定性后果的一种责任追究制度。
英文名称是Accountability System。
这个在西方社会早已实施的人事制度，意思是从民选中当选的国家首长亲自选出合适的官员来负责各项事务；当政策出现失误时，那么犯错的官员将要离职以示向首长问责；如果因犯错而引致政策失误过于严重的话，首长便须下台；向其他官员和市民问责。
另外，这个制度亦可引入体育比赛以提升每位运动员的责任感、纪律、自律和平等机会（每位队员都有获得参加比赛的权利）。
法律术语的问责制称之为法律责任的追究。
根据宪法和法律，政府及其公务员必须承担应由它（他们）承担的责任，包括道义责任、政治责任和法律责任；同时，政府还必须接受来自内部和外部的监督，以保证责任的实现。
这是为增强官员的责任感而设置的一道“紧箍咒”，从而使这些人民公仆真正做到“权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋”。
问责机制说到底是一个谁来问责的问题，是一个向谁负责的问题.权力是人民赋予的，当然是要对人民负责。
所以问责机制的内驱力就要落实在群众的监督权上。
常态化的政府问责，必须以健全的问责机制为基础，通过立法确保各级政府部门和官员的权力始终处于一种负责任状态，杜绝任何行使权力的行为脱离法定责任机制的监控。
问责机制的意义（目的与意义）第一，它是硬约束。
制约，规范了领导权力，有多大的“权”就担多大的“责”。
这必将大大增强各级领导干部的责任意识。
第二，它是宽范围。
以前行政行为出问题，主要问责行政负责人，党委负责人并没有进行问责的规定。
问责规定第一次把党委负责人纳入问责范围。
第三，它是民字牌。
这个规定不但把依靠群众写入原则之中，而且明文点出“检举、控告”是党政领导干部应当问责的线索来源，并重视对群体性事件的问责。
另外，对民众反映强烈的问题官员异地复出现象，也做了详细规定。
问责机制的措施与流程一方面要从立法上进一步细化政府和官员的权责，不仅开出官员明细的“权力清单”，更需设计出明确的失职状态下的责任后果；另一方面，须以严密的规则将各种责任方式，问责主体、问责程序以及责任实现的监督等纳入法制轨道，尤其是要建立对问责的事后监督制度，对免职官员的复出进行必要的约束,以防止官员问责流于形式。
Accountability v4 问责制
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4）反馈，教导&行动
• 通过确认工作提供积极的反馈 -正在进行 -在工作场所能通过目视化检查出来 -支持和协作的方式下被检查 领导层教导和员工导师 -帮助定义异常条件 -问探究性的问题去发现问题 •
4) Feedback, coaching & actions
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员工责任
• 我们如何处理员工责任 ‒ 努力解决为什么没有达到预期 ‒ 处理基于结果的根本原因 ‒ 问开放性的问题
Employee accountability
• How do we address employee accountability?
– Work to resolve why expectations were not met. – Address root cause issues based on results. – Ask open minded investigating questions.
What is accountability?
• The state of being accountable, liable, or answerable. • An individuals obligation to report, explain or justify. • Demonstrates responsibility, ownership and commitment. • Accountability is a concept separate from disciplinary action.
什么阻碍了你达到目标状态
• What obstacles are preventing you from achieving your target condition? • What obstacles are you addressing now? What is your plan?
问责制
问责制From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia从Wikipedia，自由的百科全书Accountability is a concept in ethics and governance with several meanings. 问责制是一个在概念伦理和治理与几个含义。
It is often used synonymously with such concepts as responsibility, [ 1 ]answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and other terms associated with the expectation of account-giving.它经常用来表示同一概念，这样的责任，[1] answerability，过失责任，法律责任，以及给惠帐户的其他条款相关的期望。
As an aspect of governance, it has been central to discussions related to problems in the public sector , nonprofit and private ( corporate ) worlds.作为一个方面的治理，它一直在讨论的核心问题的相关公共部门，非营利组织和私人（公司）的世界。
In leadership roles, accountability is the acknowledgment and assumption of responsibility for actions, products , decisions, and policies including the administration , governance, and implementation within the scope of the role or employment position and encompassing the obligation to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences.在担任领导职务，责任是承认和行动的假设，对责任，产品，决策和政策，包括行政，管理，实施和位置的范围内就业的作用，或与包括有义务报告，解释，并交代了由此带来的后果。
行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照
行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照1. administration 行政管理2. administrative procedures 行政程序3. administrative law 行政法4. administrative agency 行政机关5. administrative discretion 行政裁量权6. administrative tribunal 行政法庭7. administrative appeal 行政申诉8. administrative enforcement 行政执法9. administrative inspection 行政检查10. administrative supervision 行政监督11. administrative sanction 行政处罚12. administrative punishment 行政处分13. administrative contract 行政合同14. administrative order 行政命令15. administrative document 行政文件16. administrative rule 行政规则17. administrative regulation 行政法规18. administrative decision 行政决定19. administrative act 行政行为20. administrative power 行政权力21. administrative responsibility 行政责任22. administrative accountability 行政问责制23. public administration 公共行政24. public management 公共管理25. public policy 公共政策26. public finance 公共财政27. public service 公共服务28. public interest 公共利益29. public participation 公众参与30. public opinion 公众舆论31. public relations 公共关系32. public image 公共形象33. public trust 公共信任34. civil administration 民政35. civil service 公务员36. civil society 民间社会37. civil society organization 民间社会组织38. civil rights 公民权利39. civil liberties 公民自由40. civil law 民法41. civil liability 民事责任42. civil procedure 民事诉讼程序43. civil judgment 民事判决44. civil execution 民事执行45. civil mediation 民事调解46. civil arbitration 民事仲裁47. civil compensation 民事赔偿48. civil contract 民事合同49. civil code 民法典50. social administration 社会管理51. social policy 社会政策52. social welfare 社会福利53. social security 社会保障54. social insurance 社会保险55. social assistance 社会救助56. social work 社会工作57. social welfare organization 社会福利组织58. social responsibility 社会责任59. economic administration 经济管理60. economic policy 经济政策61. economic reform 经济改革62. economic development 经济发展63. economic growth 经济增长64. economic efficiency 经济效率65. economic globalization 经济全球化66. economic integration 经济一体化67. economic competition 经济竞争68. economic cooperation 经济合作69. economic integration 经济一体化70. economic regulation 经济调节71. economic supervision 经济监管72. economic security 经济安全73. economic law 经济法74. economic analysis 经济分析75. environmental administration 环境管理76. environmental policy 环境政策77. environmental protection 环境保护78. environmental education 环境教育79. environmental impact assessment 环境影响评价80. environmental auditing 环境审计81. environmental compensation 环保赔偿82. resources administration 资源管理83. resources policy 资源政策84. resources development 资源开发85. natural resources 自然资源86. land resources 土地资源87. mineral resources 矿产资源88. water resources 水资源89. forest resources 林业资源90. energy resources 能源资源91. technological administration 科技管理92. technological policy 科技政策93. technological innovation 科技创新94. technological upgrading 科技升级95. technological transfer 科技转移96. intellectual property 知识产权97. patent 专利98. trademark 商标99. copyright 版权100. information administration 信息管理101. information technology 信息技术102. information security 信息安全103. information management 信息管理104. information system 信息系统105. information resource 信息资源106. information network 信息网络107. information society 信息社会108. information industry 信息产业109. tourism administration 旅游管理110. tourism policy 旅游政策111. tourism development 旅游开发112. tourism marketing 旅游营销113. tourism service 旅游服务114. tourism product 旅游产品115. tourism resource 旅游资源116. tourism infrastructure 旅游基础设施117. legal administration 法律管理118. legal education 法律教育119. legal service 法律服务120. legal aid 法律援助121. legal advice 法律咨询122. legal assistance 法律协助123. legal liability 法律责任124. legal procedure 法律程序125. legal system 法律体系126. legal philosophy 法学哲学127. legal history 法律史128. legal theory 法律理论129. international administration 国际管理130. international law 国际法131. international relations 国际关系132. international organization 国际组织133. international cooperation 国际合作134. international negotiation 国际谈判135. international communication 国际交流136. international development 国际发展137. international trade 国际贸易138. international investment 国际投资139. diplomatic administration 外交管理140. diplomatic immunity 外交豁免141. diplomatic protocol 外交礼仪142. consular service 领事服务143. embassy 大使馆144. consulate 领事馆145. visa 签证146. passport 护照147. military administration 军事管理148. military strategy 军事战略149. military tactics 军事战术150. military organization 军队组织151. military logistics 军事后勤152. military intelligence 军事情报153. military diplomacy 军事外交154. military law 军事法律155. military training 军事训练156. disaster administration 灾害管理157. disaster prevention 灾害防治158. disaster relief 灾害救援159. emergency response 应急响应160. emergency management 应急管理161. emergency preparedness 应急准备162. public safety 公共安全163. national security 国家安全164. social stability 社会稳定165. public health 公共卫生166. healthcare administration 医疗管理167. healthcare policy 医疗政策168. healthcare reform 医疗改革169. healthcare service 医疗服务170. healthcare insurance 医疗保险171. healthcare resource 医疗资源172. healthcare system 医疗体系173. nursing care 护理照料174. disease prevention 疾病预防175. health inspection 卫生检查176. health education 卫生教育177. health promotion 卫生促进178. health management 卫生管理179. health statistics 卫生统计180. health research 卫生研究181. food safety 食品安全182. drug administration 药品管理183. traditional Chinese medicine 中药学184. public transport 公共交通185. urban transport 城市交通186. transportation policy 交通政策187. transportation planning 交通规划188. transportation infrastructure 交通基础设施189. transportation service 交通服务190. transportation safety 交通安全191. transportation efficiency 交通效率192. transportation network 交通网193. transportation technology 交通技术194. transportation economics 交通经济195. transportation law 交通法律196. education administration 教育管理197. education policy 教育政策198. education reform 教育改革199. education system 教育体系200. education curriculum 教育课程201. education quality 教育质量202. education investment 教育投资203. education administration organization 教育管理机构204. higher education 高等教育205. vocational education 职业教育206. adult education 成人教育207. special education 特殊教育208. private education 私立教育209. foreign education 国外教育210. cultural administration 文化管理211. cultural policy 文化政策212. cultural heritage 文化遗产213. cultural relics 文物214. cultural industry 文化产业215. cultural exchange 文化交流216. cultural diversity 文化多样性217. cultural identity 文化认同218. cultural construction 文化建设219. cultural innovation 文化创新220. sports administration 体育管理221. sports policy 体育政策222. sports events 体育赛事223. sports facility 体育设施224. sports coaching 体育教练225. sports medicine 体育医学226. sports science 体育科学227. media management 媒体管理228. media policy 媒体政策229. media regulation 媒体监管230. media ethics 媒体伦理231. media literacy 媒体素养232. media technology 媒体技术233. media convergence 媒体融合234. media industry 媒体产业235. media globalization 媒体全球化236. public opinion survey 舆情调查237. propaganda administration 宣传管理238. propaganda policy 宣传政策239. propaganda campaign 宣传活动240. cultural propaganda 文化宣传241. news propaganda 新闻宣传242. education propaganda 教育宣传243. science and technology propaganda 科技宣传244. tourism propaganda 旅游宣传245. environmental propaganda 环境宣传246. health propaganda 卫生宣传247. public service advertising 公益广告248. public relations management 公共关系管理249. public relations strategy 公共关系战略250. crisis management 危机管理251. stakeholder management 利益相关者管理252. investor relations 投资者关系253. community relations 社区关系254. employee relations 员工关系255. media relations 媒体关系256. government relations 政府关系257. corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任258. management science 管理科学259. management theory 管理理论260. management method 管理方法261. management technique 管理技术262. management practice 管理实践263. management innovation 管理创新264. management education 管理教育265. strategic management 战略管理266. operation management 运营管理267. marketing management 市场营销管理268. financial management 财务管理269. human resource management 人力资源管理270. information management 信息管理271. technology management 技术管理272. project management 项目管理273. quality management 质量管理274. risk management 风险管理275. innovation management 创新管理276. knowledge management 知识管理277. performance management 绩效管理278. decision-making 决策279. planning 计划280. organizing 组织281. staffing 人力资源管理282. directing 领导283. controlling 控制284. delegation 授权285. motivation 激励286. leadership 领导力287. communication 沟通288. teamwork 团队合作289. conflict management 冲突管理290. time management 时间管理291. stress management 压力管理292. coaching 教练293. mentoring 导师294. supervision 监督295. evaluation 评估296. feedback 反馈297. decision support 决策支持298. software engineering 软件工程299. network engineering 网络工程300. system analysis 系统分析总结：以上行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照，涵盖了行政管理学科及相关领域中的重要术语，涉及到的范围比较广泛，子项也比较多，如果有需要真正用到某个领域的术语，需要进一步熟悉该领域专业知识，并结合实际情况进行运用。
公文术语怎么翻译
公文术语怎么翻译公文术语怎么翻译1. 养老保险pension insurance system2. 反腐倡廉anti-corruption bid3. 依法拆迁lawful housing demolition and relocation4. 调控房价housing prices control5. 贫富差距gap between the rich and the poor (wealth gap)6. 就业问题employment7. 医疗改革medical reform下岗再就业Re-employment after being laid off 登记失业率registered unemployment rate 分组讨论panel discussion城乡差距rural-urban divide 基本医疗保险basic medical insurance家电下乡Home appliances going to the countryside 中小型企业SMEs教育公平Equal Access to Education8. 司法公正judicial justice9. 民主监督democratic supervision10. 教育公平equal access to educationopening speech 开幕式致辞small- and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企业crops' minimum purchase prices 粮食最低收购价per-capita income人均收入window guidance窗口指导(监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。
)propel/expand domestic deman扩大内需proactive fiscal policy积极的财政政策moderately easy monetary policy适度宽松的货币政策rural-urban development divide 城乡差距government work report政府工作报告dairy product standards乳制品标准scattered production model分散生产模式(Such a scattered production model is the fundamental reason that there have been so many food safety incidents.这种分散生产模式是诸多食品安全问题的根源。
Legal definitions of responsibility & accountability责任与问责
NURSING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE
April 2011 | Volume 23 | Number 3 25
Law
Accountability moves beyond responsibility because it implies there is an element of planning before the action and that evaluation also occurs after the action. As Marks-Maran (1993) notes: ‘An accountable person does not undertake an action merely because someone in authority says to do so. Instead, the accountable person examines a situation, explores the various options available, demonstrates a knowledgeable understanding of the possible consequences of options and makes a decision for action which can be justified from a knowledge base.’
Summary
The purpose of this article is to legally define the terms responsibility, accountability and liability. The connection between these terms for registered children’s nurses, students and healthcare support workers are discussed, along with the implications for professional practice.
法律术语：“问责制”英语怎么说
法律术语：“问责制”英语怎么说The new regulation outlines departmental duties, an anti-smuggling assessment and accountability system, whistle-blower rewards and protection, as well as grassroots participation.在上面的报道中，accountability system 即问责制。
这里的问责制指的是administrative accountability system（行政问责制），即一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失以致影响行政秩序和行政效率，贻误行政工作，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度。
工厂里面普遍实行的产品质量和安全责任制就是accountability system for product quality and safety.Accountability是accountable的名词形式，accountable一词有负有责任的，应负责任的的意思。
例如：They should be held accountable for their acts.（他们应该对自己的行动负责。
）在政府机关中确立问责制可以避免造成overlapping responsibilities and powers not being matched by responsibilities（职责交叉、权责脱节），也便于进行institutional supervision on the exercise of power（行政权力监督）.1/ 1。
中考必备词汇responsibility
中考必备词汇responsibility 中考必备词汇——responsibilityResponsibility是英语中常见的高频词汇之一，它用来表达个体或团体对某项任务、义务或职责的承担和履行。
在中考中，responsibility也是考查的重点之一。
掌握与responsibility相关的词汇和短语，能够帮助同学们在考试中更加准确地理解和回答与责任相关的问题。
下面，我们将讨论几个与responsibility有关的词汇和短语，帮助大家更好地掌握并运用。
1. accountable (adj.) 负责的，可问责的Accountable是表示“负责的，可问责的”的形容词，多用于强调个体或组织对自己行为和结果负有责任，并可以接受相应的惩罚或教训的情景。
在考试中，常给出一些与 accountability 相关的问题，如 "Are politicians accountable to the public?" “政治家是否对公众负责？” 这类问题需要我们深思熟虑并给出明确的回答。
2. duty (n.) 职责，责任Duty是指个体或团体担负的职务、任务或责任。
面对不同的环境和情境，每个人都有自己的职责和责任。
在考试中，常见的问题是 "What is your duty as a student?" “作为一个学生，你有哪些责任？” 我们可以从自己的角度和经验出发，列出几条我们认为作为学生应该履行的职责。
3. obligation (n.) 义务，责任Obligation是指个体或团体因为法律、道德、合同等原因，而必须承担的义务或责任。
例如，我们有义务去关心他人的感受，帮助他人，保护自然环境等等。
在考试中，问题可能会是 "What are your obligations as a citizen?" “作为一个公民，你有哪些义务？” 我们可以从法律、环境、道德等方面思考并总结自己的回答。
IB diploma Bussiness and management
DefinitionAccountability问责制: shows who is held responsible for each particular job, e.g marketing staff are held accountable to the marketing director for their performance. Responsibility责任: shows who is in charge of whom and in what role or capacity, e.g the operations director being in charge of all production workers.Delegation and span of control授权和控制范围Delegation: The passing on of control and authority to othersEffective delegation has major BENEFITS to both managers and employees:- Managers can save time, therefore can focus on their core job.- Motivate and develop employees who feel that they are trusted and that their talents have been recognized.HOWEVER...Poor delegation can cause confusion and feeling o inadequacy不适当. Therefore lead to demotivated staff, resulting in a failure to achieve the tasks set.Span of control控制范围The number of people who are directly accountable to a manager.Wide span of control- Fewer layers- less managerial positions- The flatter structure means the communications between the different levels of the hierarchy should be more effective.Narrow span of control- easier to communicate and control the team- smaller teams might be productive(team spirit and cohesiveness)- BUT large firm might be communication problems→tension and conflict(more layer more cost)Levels of hierarchy。
教育问责制
教育问责制教育问责制（accountability in education）出现于在美国20世纪70年代，主要是针对中小学培养的学生不能满足家长和社会的要求产生的，它让社会各界共同关注学校教育，从而让学校以更低的成本培养出更合格的学生，为美国社会的繁荣做出了不可磨灭的贡献。
教育问责制就是教育工作者以培养高素质的学生为目的，以履行对公众的教育承诺为己任，一追求效能为要求，最终接受责任追究的一种奖惩机制。
1架构教育问责制的架构主要冲职责、指标、表现、评估及奖惩五个方面来表现。
这五个要素中，职责是教育问责制的第一要素，就是要确定上级教育主管部门在政策制定和经费提供方面的职责，、校长计划制定方面的职责、教师教学与教育的职责。
家长管教子女的职责等；确定好问责制的职责以后，为便于执行，必须建立一些指标做为评估的依据，以明晰各方距离指标还差多远；有了指标，之后就是收集履行责任表现的资料作为下一步评估的基础；评估一句相关人员的表现资料，评估主体为教育行政机关人员或教育行政机关委托的专家小组；根据评估结果的优劣对相关人员进行奖惩，对于不合格的学校可能强迫其再造或减少补助。
2教育问责制的内容及方法经济问责学校经济上接受公众的问责，意味着学校必须向公众证明资金没有被贪玩或浪费，证明公布的经济预算已经兑现。
方法：①学校准备公布官方预算，与规划中的收支相分离②所公布预算的实际操作由公家机构独立审计③独立审计的报告向大众公示④随后的年度审计员由公众推荐，经济问责中表现良好的学校会赢得公众的信任，表现不好的学校会找到刑事诉讼。
学校监护问责学校为学生的安全和监护接受家长的问责，即学校必须表明学生处于安全、健康而且有秩序的环境中，表明他们知道每个学生在校期间的下落。
方法①每一位教师对学生的日常出勤负责②学生离开教室必须获得老师的批准，获得通行证。
问责中表现好的教育工作者会让家长们信任学校，否则将被解聘。
学校专业水平问责学校在维持专业水平方面接受专业协会和委托协会的问责。
行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照
行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照随着全球化进程的加速，国际交流和贸易的不断增加，行政管理专业的重要性不断上升。
行政管理涉及到政府、企事业单位等公共机构的管理和运营，因此需要掌握一定的专业词汇。
下面，我们将对常见的行政管理专业词汇进行英汉对照。
1. Administration（行政管理）Administration是指组织和管理人力、物力、财力以及知识等方面的活动。
在行政管理中，该词用来指代公共机构的管理工作。
2. Governance（治理）Governance指的是政府、组织或公司在社会中的规则制定和实施。
在行政管理中，该词指代公共政策的制定和执行。
3. Accountability（问责制）Accountability指的是公共机构或政府应对公共的行政行为和决策做出解释和负责的制度。
4. Bureaucracy（官僚主义）Bureaucracy指的是官僚机构的规范化和规则化运作方式。
在行政管理中，该词用来指代政府内部的官僚机构运作方式。
5. Budget（预算）Budget是指政府、企事业单位等公共机构在一定周期内规划和准备的资金支出计划。
6. Policy（政策）Policy指的是政府或公共机构为达成特定目标而采取的标准和方式。
7. Regulation（规章制度）Regulation是制定并施行的政府、组织或公司等机构内部的规章制度。
在行政管理中，通过规章制度来规定各部门的权利和义务，保障公共机构的正常运作和公共利益的最大化。
8. Public Administration（公共行政）Public Administration是指公共机构组织、运作和控制中的原则、方法和技术。
在行政管理中，该词用来指代公共机构的管理过程和方法。
9. Red Tape（繁琐的程序）Red Tape指的是因为官僚主义而导致的繁琐的行政程序。
在行政管理中，该词用来指代政府或公共机构内部的决策和行动的繁琐程序。
西方问责制研究及其借鉴
征服 了英格兰 ，威廉 下令 国 内所有 的财产拥有者必须 向固定 的机构汇报 自己的财产情况 ，这一 目的不单单 是为 了获取税收 ，它 同时是 良政 治理的基础 。 ０ ２ 世纪 初期 ，这种形式发展 为中央集权的审计机构监督其他 中央的行政机构 ，并且各行 政机 构需要每年一次 的报
收稿 日期 ：２ １ — ７ ０ ：修 回 日期 ：２ １ － ３ ３ ０１ ０— ８ ０ ２ ０— ０ 基 金项 目： 教育 部人 文社 会科 学青 年 基金 “ 问责制视 野 下官 员复 出 的现状 、 问题及 机制 构 建研 究 ”（０ Ｃ ３ ０ １：中南大 学创 新 资助项 目 “ １ＹＪ ６０ ８） 社会 问责 在 官员复 出 中的现 状 调查 与对 策研 究 ”（０ １ｓ ｔ０ ） ２ １ｓｘ０ ６ 作者 简 介 ：胡春 艳（９ ７ ） １７ ＿，女 ，湖 南郴 州 人 ，中南 大学 公共 管理 学 院副教 授 ，主 要研 究方 向 ：公 共政 策 ，国家 公务 员制 度 ．
可能对 问责制起 到作 用，但 是它却不必然是 问责制 的
成果进行理性 的归纳 和评价 ，旨在对我 国问责制 理论 本土化研 究和 具体实践提供一定 的理论借鉴 。
构成部分 ，问责制从 宽泛 的角度进 行概念 界定是具有
争议性 的。
问责制 的概念及特征
“ 问责制 ”源于 英语单词 ａｃｕ ｔ ｉｔ，从 历史 ｃｏｎａ ｌｙ ｂｉ 学和语义学 的角度来看 ， 问责制与会计有关 ，关 于问
责制 的概念可 以追溯 到威廉 统治时代 。１６ ０６年诺 曼人
问责是一种社会关系形式 ，它用符 号反映实际行为的 相互依存 ，这种相互 依存 既涉及道 德维度 也涉及策略 的维度 ，是制度化 的社会 实践，通 过它可以反映行为 与关系 的环境和 结果 是社会 生活特 别是组织生活的 中 心 ，通过它 的履行 ，人们认 识 自我 ， 以及 自身行为对 别人 的影 响。［ ） ３ 】 （
首问责任制英语
首问责任制英语
首问责任制是指在工作中，责任不落实、问题不解决时，首先要追究的责任人是谁。
这种制度在中国得到了广泛推行。
而在英语中，首问责任制可以被翻译为'first accountability system'或者'primary accountability system'。
在企业、政府机构等组织中，这种制度被视为加强工作责任制和提高工作效率的重要手段。
首问责任制的实施，要求每个工作岗位的责任人在工作中第一时间承担起问题的解决和责任的追究。
这有助于避免责任推诿、责任转移等现象的出现，提高工作效率和质量。
总之，首问责任制无论在中文还是英文中都具有重要意义，是推动组织工作高效有序进行的重要制度之一。
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accountability的用法
accountability的用法概述在现代社会中，ac co u nt ab il it y（问责制）是一个非常重要的概念。
它涉及个人或组织对其行为、决策和结果负责的原则和机制。
无论是在政府机构、商业领域还是个人生活中，问责制都发挥着至关重要的作用。
本文将探讨问责制的含义、重要性以及如何应用该概念。
什么是acco untability？A c co un ta bi li ty是一种负责任的行为，即个人或组织对他们的行为和结果负责。
这意味着他们要对他们的行动和决策负责，并接受可能出现的后果。
问责制不仅仅是向他人解释行动的原因，还需要承担相应的责任。
为什么acco untabilit y很重要？问责制在各个领域都非常重要，以下是几个重要原因：1.促进效率和透明度问责制有助于提高效率和透明度。
当个人或组织知道他们的行为被监督和评估时，他们倾向于更加努力和诚实地工作。
透明度也意味着公众、客户或上级能够深入了解决策的基础和结果，进而提供有效的反馈。
2.鼓励负责任的行为问责制鼓励个人和组织采取负责任的行为。
当他们意识到他们将对自己的行动承担责任时，他们更有可能认真思考并做出合适的决策。
这种负责任的行为也可以树立个人或组织的良好声誉。
3.提供教训和改进机会问责制有助于识别错误和教训。
当个人或组织意识到他们的决策或行动出现问题时，他们可以从中学习并及时采取纠正措施。
这种自我反思和改进的过程可以帮助他们避免将来的错误。
如何应用a ccountabili ty？在不同的领域，问责制可以以不同的方式应用。
以下是一些常见的应用方式：1.政府机构中的问责制政府机构必须对公众负责，并确保政策的实施符合法律和道德标准。
透明度和信息公开是政府问责制的关键要素。
政府可以通过政府报告、新闻发布会和民意调查等方式来展示他们的行动和结果，接受公众的监督和评估。
2.企业中的问责制企业问责制可以通过内部控制和监管机制来实施。
这包括明确的职责分工、管理层面临的审查和监督，以及对员工明确的工作目标和绩效评估。
教育问责制翻译英文
Perfect accountability mechanism and promote the development of schoolsIn the increasingly globalization world , the development of the educational situation, Chinese education in reform and innovation, basic education has made remarkable achievements in development, played a major role in promoting the development of the national economy and various social undertakings. Chaoyang District, Beijing, is highly representative of Chinese reform and development of the region, and the rising strength of the economic and social development and the progress of education are obvious. Primary and secondary schools in the region have achieved considerable progress in the work. However, affected by various factors, the education industry and internal schools there are also some of problems, seriously restricting the development of the schools. The accountability mechanism of educational institutions and schools is not perfect is a bottleneck restricting the development of the schools.As we all know, Accountability is the accountability subjects to their jurisdiction at all levels of the organization and members take on responsibility and obligation to monitor the situation, carry out and require them to take the negative consequences of a system of accountability .It through various forms of liability constraints,restrict and regulate the rights and behavior of the relevant personnel, and eventually achieve a clear responsibility to improve management purposes. In an educational institution or a school, leading cadres, principals, mid-level leadership, staff, teachers must have certain powers and obligations, but also have to bear some responsibilities, and assume a certain degree of risk. In a school, the principal as the first responsible person, undertakes the task of cultivating students, leading professional growth of teachers, strengthen the team construction, supervise all aspects of school development , he has a decision of the school in the human, financial, material, holds the major policies of the school, yet he has also a huge responsibility: the staff and students of the school, the parents, the competent authorities are likely to launch attacks because of some aspects in his work , and lead accountability. Similarly, the other deputy colonel-level leadership of the school, the middle-level cadres and the class teachers, instructors have with their respective rights, may be administrative, teaching, and perhaps in other areas, they have each kinds of rights, but also undertake the responsibility. Principals, other vice colonel-level leadership, mid-level cadres and classroom teachers to complete their work in accordance with the requirements of the accountability system, when a problem occurs, accidents, even liability cases theyshould be subject to accountability, subject to appropriate accountability so that to accept the appropriate punishment and punishment. Only in this way ,can be able to do the actual work of teaching responsibilities, rights, and interests clearly and can fulfill their duties, to help carry out the work of the school, and to promote the development of the school.Accountability as a system of accountability should be widely implemented in schools at all levels, in order to promote the work of the school to carry out. However, by the impact of traditional values , many schools are compromised in the implementation process, or there is no accountability, or touch on lightly lighter. In some schools, the teachers can not properly perform their duties, the occurrence of the the Teaching accident no treatment; Some teachers in violation of the provisions of chaos making up no treatment; that some cadres try to shift the backlog for processing within their own work, which shows the school's management issues, but also the accountability system is not perfect, so that the problems are not solved, and affect the faculty's enthusiasm for work and the reputation of the school, seriously hamper the development of the school.In a boarding school in a district of Beijing, the school has three hundred boarders, all live in a four-storey apartment building.The school executes sealed management, student shall go to bed at ten o'clock every night and get up as early as six o'clock every morning; the door of buildings and the school gate are locked at night, there are teachers and cadres on duty, the doorman and police staff on guard. The school clearly defined that the evening bedtime is not at liberty to go out. Night, twelve o'clock, one of the students live in three, sneaking out of the dorm to meet friends, because of the doors locked, no one to turn out .From three windowsill he slipped down a little tight and jumped out the locked door, not what. Three o'clock in the morning, he was in the quarters to climb to the third floor windows but in the second floor near a window he fell down and broke his leg. He cried, and then he was sent to the hospital. This is a typical safety incident, but the school shirked responsibility as the excuses of disciplinary rules, student’s irregularities, also didn’t pursue other responsible persons, not any person to be punished because of security incidents. In fact, from the point of view of the accountability system, there are many people who could not run away relations. The school has the relevant, but usually emphasized the preaching stressed preaching? Students can jump out of triple-glazed windows, and did not do a good job to prevent it? Students jump jumped into the dorm staff on duty cadres, door guard, where did they go? There’s no doubtabout the connection between them and the implementation and the completion of accountability system. As the school's legal representative, the principal cannot escape from the punishment for security incidents. Security responsibility is extremely heavy, discipline requires ceaseless emphasizing. Principals, competent cadres, class teachers, dorm staff to remind students not only to preach verbally, but also do good detailed records on archival material. The sense of responsibility of duty cadres, dorm staff and the door guards should be constantly enhanced. Responsibilities, rights and interests is the unity of opposites, stepping up inspections and vigilant, detailed work will be avoided to some extent and reduce security injury accidents. If there’s student felling and getting hurt, they must be sent to hospital to receive treatment the first time, which should be reported to school chiefs and the principle at once, and be informed the student’s parents as soon as possible. In the process of handling the accident , the relevant responsible personnel must be held accountability accordingly, such as examining, sanction, punishing, the principal should take the responsibility what he deserve. No one from the school safety incidents involving injuries, therefore subject to appropriate penalties, it is extremely wrong, and reflecting the core issue of the accountability system is not perfect. Some problems, themanagement of the school do harm for the normal conduct of school work, and also seriously hamper the development of the school. As the principal of the school, the issues to be considered are how to take appropriate responsibility, how to establish and improve accountability mechanisms to promote the healthy development of the school.At the present constantly changeable educational situation, a responsible principal must understand the situation clearly and reflect continuously, renovate the idea, fully motivate the initiative of cadre teachers and mobilize their enthusiasm for work. But as the legal representative, the principal is not only to take the prime responsibility, but also to suffer from external and internal accountability, such as government, social, and ethical multiple aspects.A responsible principal should fully consider and continually reflect what he can do for schools, for teachers, for students, which will benefit the growth and improvement of the students and teachers, the development and progress of the school. He must take all these problems into consideration, What am I responsible for? Who am I responsible for? When am I responsible for? How should I perform accountability system? A responsible principal will do his managerial work allowed in the moral within the legal framework, and fully understand and exercise the relevantpolicies, thus being a flexible principle.In that case as I cited above, though security incidents happened in school, no person has been responsible, it means nobody has been blamed. Students and parents will become angry because of unsatisfactory reply. Other faculty will also complain and dissatisfy about the result. The school's reputation will also be corrupted due to the criticize from the higher authorities. If the school has already established the system of accountability, accountability mechanisms, the situation will be totally different. As a responsible principle, he has to consider the future of the school. He has to know who the school should be responsible for, In order to satisfy the people and further develop the school , he has to establish the idea for students, for parents, for society. The responsible principals should also consider the different questions from stakeholders, including students, parents, and society Safety is no small matter, security responsibility is extremely important, and of course should be the first place. School achievement, teaching management, campus construction, can also not shirk the evaluation and supervision of all aspects of society. As a responsible principal, he has to consider how the school will present its accountability system to students, parents and societyand make actions. Accountability is a rigid constraints, it concerned not only moral responsibility and political responsibility, but also the obligation, principals, cadres, teachers all have certain rights, with certain rights come accordingly responsibility. The implementation of the accountability system must constitute a clear system of accountability: First, subject of accountability, second, object of accountability, Third, content of accountability, Fourth, form of accountability. These elements are interrelated.According to the cases we have analyzed before, when school safety accidents occur, both parents and students have responsibilities.Their main accountability should be the school, but there are lots of objects of accountability, such as principals, competent cadres on duty cadres, dorm teachers, guards . Because the responsibility for the accident process they assume more or less responsibility. Accountability can be more or less and be deep or shallow ,or education is not in place, or to guard against the negligence of lax supervision and treatment in a timely manner, and who should bear the moral responsibility, and who should be liable for, which requires information about the law or the relevant departments to define. In the way of accountability, a safety incident happened ,alerted the higher authorities, and even the media disclosed.According to the accountability system, principals,competent cadres and the relevant people should be responsible for the accidents ,or circulate a notice of criticism, or be demoted, or transfer to another job, so with party and government discipline. According to the compete accountability system, relevant people should be responsible for the accident, and should deal with in different degrees, and should be discriminating in their rewards and punishments, subject to varying degrees of processing, reward and punishment. Only in this way can reach the goal to learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones and cure people, and catch the effect that satisfies students, parents, society, and all staff.School accountability system may have many aspects and should face a combination of work from the principal to the faculty and base on the spirit of seeking truth from facts, rights and responsibilities, a unified, fair and impartial manner, so that accountability and improvement, education and punishment combined. It should expand from all levels in teaching management moral management, administration. Incorrect performance of their duties should be accountable; the one without good reason, failure to complete the tasks assigned should be accountable; the one within the purview of prevarication or delay should be accountable; the one with teaching accident should be accountable; the one violated the regulations arbitrary chargesextra lessons should be accountable; the one imposing corporal punishment or disguised corporal punishment on students should be accountable. Accountability begins from the sincere and encouraging conversation, and should do a written examination, reprimand, suspended or demoted, that held liable according to the severity of the circumstance. Principals will be better aware of their responsibilities, and being a responsible leader through the accountability , establish and improve the accountability mechanisms to better stimulate the sense of responsibility and sense of mission of the cadres and teachers to better promote their work. Accountability is a means, not an end, accountability is an effective system, it can fully mobilize the factors that promote development of education rapidly.Under the background of globalization, education change rapidly. Schools in order to progress and development can not be separated from the concerted efforts of schools up and down, can not be separated the strong support from students, parents and communities .Establish and improve accountability mechanisms, in order to better mobilize the enthusiasm of the majority of faculty work, in order to better accomplish the tasks assigned by superiors more , to get the understanding and help of the community, the schools will develop faster and better, and make the peoplesatisfied with the school's goals.References:[1] Kang Siting “critical reflection leading” 2011[2]Yang Jianshu “rights configuration of Crisis Management and accountability mechanisms” 2003[3] Meng Weidong “education mechanism of accountability perspective”2009。
“问责”英语怎么说
“问责”英语怎么说名词解释：问责，本身是个舶来品。
问责是追究政府官员的责任，意即权责对等，是政治文明的体现，要建立责任政府，需要建立完善的行政问责制，最近的一系列问责事件，反映了高层治理官员队伍的决心。
你知道怎么用英语表达吗?China's Internet regulator reprimanded the country's two major web portals for their failure to prevent a sex video taken in a Beijing fitting room from going viral online.A CAC official said the spread of the video had breached some bottom lines and violated core socialist values. The official urged Sina and T encent to increase their awareness of social responsibility, strengthen management and cooperate with the authority in investigating the case.由于未能阻止北京一家试衣间内拍摄的不雅视频在网上大肆流传，国家互联网监管机构向国内两家门户网站进行问责。
一位网信办官员称，该视频的传播违背底线，违反了社会主义核心价值观，要求新浪和腾讯增强社会责任意识，加强管理，并配合有关部门调查此案。
【讲解】文中的reprimand就是“问责，斥责”的意思，既可以作动词，如：He was reprimanded by a teacher for talking in the corridor.(他因为在走廊里讲话受到了一位老师的斥责。
问责的概念与模式_王若磊
2012第7期□王若磊问责的概念与模式一、问责（accountability ）的词义和词源问责（accountability ）这一概念是一个舶来词汇，它对应英文中的accountability 。
所以我们要了解问责的概念，首先要考察其外文原意。
最为权威的《牛津英语词典》（O．E．D．）中界定了accountability 有三重含义，（1）负责的状态（The quality ofbeingaccountable ）。
（2）有责任对针对某行为和职责指控进行说明和回答（liability to giveaccountof ，answerfor ，dischargeofdutiesor conduct ）。
（3）责任、负责（responsibility ，amenableness ）。
在另一种较为权威的词典《韦伯斯特英语词典》（W．E．D．）中，accountability 的含义是“负责任的一种状态”（the stateofbeingaccountable ，responsible ，orliable ），该词典指出accountability 和accountableness 是同义词。
该词典解释accountableness 更为细致一些，是指“有责任回答或作出一定的说明；进行回答的一种状态；有责任作出一定的赔偿”（liability to answerortogiveaccount ；the stateof being answerable ，orliableforthepaymentofmoneyordamages）。
因此，这一界定和《牛津英语词典》的第（2）层含义一致。
为了更深一步认识这个概念，我们再进行词源学上的考察。
据《牛津英语词源词典》的研究，〔1〕accountability 是以account 为词根的，Account 的词根则是count 。
在英语中count 的动词形式出现在14世纪，从法语词conter 而来，有“加”（addup ）和“讲故事”（tellstory ）的意思。
法律英语词汇：“问责制”英语怎么说
法律英语词汇：“问责制”英语怎么说请看报道：The new regulation outlines departmental duties,an anti-smuggling assessment and accountability system, whistle-blower rewards and protection, as well as grassroots participation.新法规划定了各部门的职责，明确了反走私工作的考核和问责制度，制定了对于举报者的奖励和保护措施以及群众的参与机制。
在上面的报道中，accountability system 即“问责制”。
这里的问责制指的是administrative accountability system（行政问责制），即一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失以致影响行政秩序和行政效率，贻误行政工作，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度。
工厂里面普遍实行的“产品质量和安全责任制”就是accountability system for product quality and safety.Accountability是accountable的名词形式，accountable一词有“负有责任的，应负责任的”的意思。
例如：They should be held accountable for their acts.（他们应该对自己的行动负责。
）在政府机关中确立问责制可以避免造成overlapping responsibilities and powers not being matched by responsibilities（职责交叉、权责脱节），也便于进行institutional supervision on the exercise of power（行政权力监督）.。
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“问责制”英语怎么说
导读：广东省今年5月1日起将正式实施全国首部省级反
走私综合治理法规----《广东省反走私综合治理工作规定》，《规定》明确了广东省内各级政府的反走私综合治理机构为责任主体,允许沿海反走私重点地区组建巡逻督查专业队伍,并规范了小额走私、无主货物、非涉税走私物品的处理。
请看报道：
The new regulation outlines departmental duties,
an anti-smuggling assessment and accountability system, whistle-blower rewards and protection, as well as grassroots participation.
新法规划定了各部门的职责，明确了反走私工作的考核和
问责制度，制定了对于举报者的奖励和保护措施以及群众的参与机制。
在上面的报道中，accountability system 即“问责
制”。
这里的问责制指的是administrative accountability system（行政问责制），即一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失以致影响行政秩序和行政效
率，贻误行政工作，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度。
工厂里面普遍实行的“产品质量和安全责任制”就是accountability system for product quality and safety.
Accountability是accountable的名词形式，accountable一词有“负有责任的，应负责任的”的意思。
例如：They should be held accountable for their acts.（他们应该对自己的行动负责。
）
在政府机关中确立问责制可以避免造成overlapping responsibilities and powers not being matched by responsibilities（职责交叉、权责脱节），也便于进行institutional supervision on the exercise of power（行政权力监督）.。