翻译概论 翻译与文化 PPT

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英译汉时
源语中的显性衔接手段在汉语中不保留，所以英语中的连接词常常被省略。
例：
In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband has died in the war, I came to Yanan.
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Example 4： 那人冷笑道：“林黛玉生不同人，死不同鬼，无魂无魄，何 处寻访！凡人魂魄，聚而成形，散而为气，生前聚之，死则 散焉。常人尚无可寻访，何况林黛玉呢。汝快回去罢。” “Lin Daiyu in life was no ordinary mortal; in death she is no ordinary ghost,” said the apparition with a scornful laugh. “As she has no ghost, where can you find her? The spirits of man assume a form only when concentrated; when dissipated they change into vapour. In life they have a form; after death they scatter. So even ordinary mortals cannot be traced after death, let along Lin Daiyu. You had better go back home.”
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大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
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Example 2:
心病终须新药治，解铃还是系铃人 The cure for a broken heart is heartening news; The knot must be untied by the one who tied it. 只因西方圣灵河岸上三生石畔，有绛珠草一株，时有赤瑕 宫神瑛侍者，日以甘露灌溉，这绛珠草始得久延岁月。 In the west, on the bank of the Sacred River, besides the Stone of Three Incarnations there grew a Vermilion Pearl Plant which was watered every day with sweet dew by the attendant Shen Ying in the Palace of Red Jade.
翻译与文化
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翻译与文化一：
理论：
意合与形合： 所谓“形合”(hypotaxis)是指借助语言形式手段（包括词汇手段
和形态手段）实现词语或句子的连接； 所谓“意合”(parataxis)是指不借助语言形式手段而借助词语或
句子所含意义的逻辑联系来实现它们之间的连接。 前者注重语言形式上的接应(cohesion),后者注重意义上的连贯
fall.
那是个天气晴朗金黄可爱的秋天，美好的秋色为那些青年送别。待到战后和
平时期，黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时，当时的青年已经失去青春，有的丧失
了生命。
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翻译与文化二：
英语名词介词较多；汉语动词较多
Examples： 1.具有动作含义的名词转化为动词 A study of the letter leaves u behind it. 研究一下这封信，我们毫不怀疑这信别有用心。 2.作为习语主体的名词转译为动词 The speaker gave an excellent picture of the living conditions in Africa. (一些习语化的短语动词：have a try, take care of, pay attention to......)
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翻译与文化四：
英语繁复迂回汉语轻灵简单
Example 1: 因空见色，由色生情，传情入色，自色悟空，空空道人遂 易名为情僧，改《石头记》为《情僧录》。 Since all manifestations are born of nothingness and in turn give rise to passion, by describing passion for what is manifest we comprehend nothingness. So the Taoist changed his name to the Passionate Monk and changed the title of the book from The Tale of the Stone to the Record of the Passionate Monk.
一九四六年，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国：由于我丈夫已在战 争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。
It had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their
youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peace time
the heart by the news that her disgrace had driven Jinchuan to
suicide. He had nothing to say in reply to his mother’s scolding,
but Baochai’s arrival gave him a chance to slip out.
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Example 3:
生死有命，富贵在天 Life and death are determined by fate, rank and riches decreed by Heaven. 这样看来，人心天意，他们两个竟是天配的了 So it seems human wishes are willed by providence, and they are fated to marry.
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Example 3：
岂知宝玉是下凡历劫的，竟哄了老太太十九年！如今叫我才
明白。
Little did I know that Baoyu was a spirit who had come to earth
to undergo certain trials, and who managed to fool the old lady
forget is the sight of his back. 姐姐在机场等我，我得去接她，我不去她会生气。 My sister is waiting for me at the airport, so i must go to meet her. If i
don't, she will get angry.
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汉译英时
要把汉语的意合句译成英文，一定要找到合适的连接词，把源文 中最重要的信息装入目的语主句，次要信息装入从句。
例：我和父亲不想见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。 It is more than two years since i last saw father, and what i can never
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Example 2：
英语的形合： “知己知彼,百战不殆；不知己而知彼,一胜一负；不知己不知彼,每战必殆.” （〈〈谋攻〉〉） 这里非形式链接很明显,若将其中隐含、省略、模糊的东西补上,其形式标记应如下： “（若）知己（又）知彼,（则）百战不殆；（若）不知己而知彼,（则）（将）一胜（及）一 负；（若）不知己（又）不知彼,（则）每战（将）必殆.” 再看英语译文： “You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. You will win one battle and lose one battle if you know yourself but leave yourself in the dark about the enemy. You will lose every battle if you leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark.” 从译文中可看出,凡汉语中隐含的成分英语中一个也不能少.而且译文中还用了“you”这虚指主 语,汉语中完全不必要.汉语意义的内在衔接形成一种隐约的“意义脉络”,更初象一点,就是古人 所说的“文意”、“文气”,汉语正是靠这种“意脉”来组织句子,而不是受“形”的框束.
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Example 2:
贾政尚未认清，急忙出船，欲待扶住问他是谁。那人已经 拜了四拜，站起来打了个问讯。贾政才要还揖，迎面一看， 不是别人，确是宝玉。 The man prostrated himself before Jia Zheng, who hurried out of the cabin, meaning to raise him up and see who he was, but the man had already kowtowed four times, then stood up and made him a Buddist salutation. Jia Zheng was about to bow in return when he recognized his son.
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3.介词转化为动词 Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across
the veranda, and into the porch. 她转身蹦着跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过