国际公法英文名解汇总纲目版
国际法名词解释
国际法名词解释汇总一、国际公法名词解释1.Archipelagic sea lane passage群岛海道通过baseline直线基线economic zone专署经济区clause5.jus cogens强行法7.neutralized states中立国p.77/ sector principle扇形原则9.attaches附属国/添附10.natural prolongation principles自然延长原则11.pacta sunt servanda约定必须遵守批of effectiveness有效原则13.par in parem non habet jurisdictionem平等者之间无管辖权14.accretion添附sanguinis血统主义sic stantibus17.retortion报复18.extra territorial asylum领事庇护、域外庇护19.a delict jure genetium20.treaty-contracts21.international comity国际法院22.Drago Doctrine23.trust territories24.cession割让26.signature ad referendum暂签shelf大陆架Congress维斯特法利亚国会/立法会29.Diplomatic Corps外交团legation premises使馆（外交人员的经营场所）31.nuncios32.the peaceful co-existence principle和平共处原则34.Full Power全权证书35.change's daffaires36.exequatur37.letter of Credence国书;LiHaopei;ShiJiuyong;He Qizhi;Zhaolihai39.Caonnally w-making contract造法性条约41.Super-national Law超国法42.the right of collective self-defence集体自卫权43.jus non scriptum44.the nation's penal obligation国家刑事责任Usage/ International Custom国际习惯/国际惯例46.Instant International Customary Law47.persona non grata不受欢迎的人Treaty拉忒兰条约49.consular privileges and immunities领事人员特权与豁免p.263/外交特权与豁免control有效控制51. aut dedere aut punire 引渡或仲裁52. transit passage 过渡条款53. Sector Principle 扇形原则54. Asylum 庇护55. erga omnes obligations 各国对国际社会承担的责任56. Lauterpacht;Grotius;Austin 劳特派特、格老秀斯、奥斯汀58. opinio juris法律确信59. Optional Compulsory Jurisdiction60. Jus ad Bellum61. Extradition 引渡62. Environment Impact Assessment 环境影响评估（？）63. Double vote 双重否决64. High Seas公海65. Right of visit登临权66. Right of Hot Pursuit67. Transit Passage 通过权68. Parrallel Exploitation System平行开发制69. Prescription 时效70. Special Mission 特别使团解释并比较:1. de jure recognition / de facto recognition 法律承认/事实上的承认2. Good office / mediation / Conciliation斡旋/调停/协商、和解p.6363. Initialling / siganature ad referendum p.1984. Revision / Amendent / Modification修订/修正案/更改p.2135. territorial Asylum / extra-territorial Asylum域内庇护/域外庇护p.1406. Universal Jurisdiction / protective Jurisdiction普遍管辖权/保护性管辖权7. Right of self-preservation自保权p.798. rendition投降9. retorsion / reprisal 报复/报复性掳掠10. right of innocent passage / right of transit passage无害通过权/通过权p.31611. exequatur / letter of Credence12. authentication / signature 认证/签署p.19813. international delinquency14. indemnity / reparation二、国际私法名词解释1.Fraus Omnia Comunpit2.lex loci re sitae3.state immunity国家豁免权4.characteristic performance5.remission revoi一级反致6.Bustamante Code布斯塔曼特法典7.lex loci solutionis合同履行地法8.lex volutatis当事人合意选择的法律9.Bartoles巴托鲁斯10.Renvoi au second degre11.Migratory marriage12.Bona vacantia13.Interregional conflicts law区际法律冲突14.act jure gestionis15.putative marriage事实婚姻16.locus regit actum （in arbitration law）场所支配行为17.the proper law of the arbitration agreement仲裁协议所适用的准据法18.ana-national or denationalized approach开除国籍的手段19.jurisdiction concerning the jurisdiction （in arbitration law）20.the collected jurisdiction21.favor validitatis / ut res magis valeat quam pereat （in arbitration law）22.severability of arbitration clause可分离的仲裁条款23.the jurisdiction doctrine under internet circumstance在英特网环境下的管辖权原则24.pro-arbitration专家仲裁25.theory of Party-autonomic意思自治说26. law District 法律管辖权27. Amiable Arbitration28. Ad Hoc Arbitration29. rule of double actionability 双重可诉原则30. Mandatory rules 强制性规定30. domicile of choice 住所地的选择31. preliminary question 先决问题32. Inderect Renovi 间接反致33. lex causae34. lex loci delicti35. formula of attribution 归属的惯例36.Reese;Fuld;Cavers;Cook;Rabel;Dicey; Mancini:Beale;Savigny;Story;Huber ;Bartolus里斯、富德、卡弗斯、库克、拉沛尔、戴赛、孟西尼、？、萨维尼、施托里、胡伯、巴托鲁斯37. Severability of Arbitration Agreement 可分离的仲裁条款38. the collected jurisdiction of China middle court39. local law theory本国法学说40. Comitas Gentium41. bilateral conflict rules 双边冲突规范42. depecage43. lex arbitri 仲裁法44. Proper law doctrine 准据法原则三、国际经济法1.passing of Risk2.FCA或交承运人mechanism in WTO4.Cumulative assessmenternment Procurement6.Safeguard Measures保障措施value （in customs valuation）扣减价格8.the new development of WTOWTO 的新发展。
国际公法英文教程
国际公法英文教程摘要：I.引言- 介绍国际公法的概念- 简述国际公法的重要性II.国际公法的渊源- 概述国际公法的来源，包括国际条约、国际惯例、国际法庭判例等- 介绍国际法院的作用III.国际公法的基本原则- 阐述主权平等原则- 介绍不干涉原则- 介绍禁止使用武力原则IV.国际公法的主体- 介绍国家和国际组织作为国际公法的主体- 简述国际人权法和国际人道法的重要性V.国际公法的适用- 介绍国际公法的适用范围- 阐述国际公法与国内法律的关系VI.国际公法的问题与挑战- 讨论当前国际公法面临的主要问题与挑战，如国际恐怖主义、气候变化等- 探讨国际公法如何应对这些问题与挑战VII.结论- 总结国际公法的重要性- 强调国际公法在解决国际问题中的作用正文：国际公法是规范国际关系的基本法律制度，涉及到国家之间的权利和义务，具有重要的现实意义。
国际公法的渊源包括国际条约、国际惯例、国际法庭判例等，其中国际法院是一个重要的机构，负责解决国家之间的法律争端。
国际公法的基本原则包括主权平等原则、不干涉原则和禁止使用武力原则。
主权平等原则是指所有国家在国际关系中都应该被视为平等的主权国家，不干涉原则是指国家不应该干涉其他国家的内政，禁止使用武力原则是指国家不能使用武力来解决国际争端。
国际公法的主体包括国家和国际组织。
国际组织如联合国、世界贸易组织等，也在国际公法中扮演着重要的角色。
国际人权法和国际人道法是国际公法的重要组成部分，涉及到人类尊严和生命财产安全等问题。
国际公法的适用范围广泛，可以适用于所有国家之间的交往。
国际公法与国内法律的关系是相互补充的，国内法律不能取代国际公法，反之亦然。
当前国际公法面临的主要问题与挑战包括国际恐怖主义、气候变化等。
针对这些问题，国际公法需要不断地完善和发展，以应对日益复杂的全球化环境带来的挑战。
国际公法
Chapter 1Application and Relevance of International LawI Introduction本章涉及国际法最基本的理论问题。
重点介绍现代国际法的基本原则，国际法发展的历史和理论背景，国际法的功能，并分析国际法的法律性质，以及与国内法相比较国际法强制力的特殊性。
Usually , international law comprises of public international law, private international law ,and international economic law.Public international law is the branch in international law that deals with the relations between states.II Problems of Definition§1-1 Traditional definitionUnder the traditional definition, only states were the subjects of international law，while other entities or individuals were considered to be purely derivative.§1-2 States under international lawFour component factors( or attributes) of a state1) a territory---territorial land, sea, air2) a population---permanent population3) a government ---entrusted to central organ, comprising of legislature, court&tribunals, and administration ,police ,army etc.)4) Sovereignty ---the right of rule,in which the capacity to engaged in diplomatic or foreign relations is a vital element e.g. Taiwan separatist§1-3 Modern DefinitionInternational lawconsists of rules and principles of general application dealing with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se, as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natural or juridical.§1-4 Modern subjectsStates---main subjectInternational organizations--- mainly including intergovernmental international,(the Reparation Case,1949) also international non-government organizations (NGOs) e.g. international committee of the Red Cross and supranational organization e.g. Europe Union(EU)Individuals ---in a more limited extent e.g. responsibility of individuals for crimes against humanity and war crime (like Hitler in WWT)III International and National application§1-5 Applications distinguishedThe manner in which international law is applied on the national and on the international plane is different.§1-6 International applicationis invoked and applied on the daily basis by states and by international organizations.§1-7 National applicationWe refer to the law of torts because the issues in a case or situation are concerning torts. We refer to international law because the facts of the case and situation are relevant to the international law.In other words, the individual is the subject of rights and obligations which have their source in international law to the same extent , that the individual is the subject of national legal rights and obligations.(under the law of USA)§1-8 Some examplesA rule:International law requires states in peacetime to grant foreign merchant ships innocent passage through their territorial waters.The case :A merchant ship flying the flag of state XThe ship belongs to Mr.Barco,The ship is seized by the coast of guard of State Y in its territorial water in violation of the above mentioned international law.A dispute:because the right to innocent passage by merchant ships ,and the obligation to permit the exercise that right ,are rights and obligations appertaining to the States. Because State X is the state of the ship’s nationality, State X can assertOn the national a suit in the courts of state Y, seeking both the release of his ship and damages. If international law can be invoked in the courtcompensation. If not, Mr.Barco can only ask for compensation under the national law of torts or property of state Y.§1-9 Supremacy of international lawOn the international plane, international law is superior to national law.For example, state can not justify its non-performance of international treaty on the ground that the treaty was declared unconstitutional by the state’s court.(See Vienna Convention on the law of Treaties 1969 art.27&46)To sum it up, national constitutional law does not on the international plane supersede international law , although it may be take precedence over international law on the national plane, which is the case in most states.IV Relevance and function of International law§1-10 Uses of international law .In judicial proceedings--- international law is applied by the international and national courts.In political proceedings---international law imposes restraints on the behavior of states and affects their decision-making process.§1-11 International law as law.---Is international law important in international relations?/Is international law really law?International law is one of the factors which condition the conduct of states. It is sufficient that States ,as the principal subjects of international law, themselves recognize a system of legal rules ,which they refer to as international law.There’s a large portion of international law that’s not headline material but is important, like the free movement of people and goods, communications, transportations, and day-to–day diplomatic and consular relations etc.§1-12 Application and enforcementOn the national plane, international law tends to be enforced by courts and administrative agencies in much the same manner as any other national law. On the international law plane，about this problem ,there are several situations as follows,---By the manner of adjudication: International courts do not have compulsory or automatic jurisdiction to deal with all international legal disputes .The authority of international courts to hear a given disputes depends upon the acceptance of their jurisdiction by the parties to the disputes.---By non-judicial quasi-judicial methods: Many international disputes can and have been settled by other methods ,such as negotiations ,mediation, good offices or arbitrations, which all involve the application of international law .--By organizations and other channels: For examples,the United Nations, regional organizations ,diplomatic conference, multilateral commissions etc. where international law play a role, together with other factors ,in resolving international disputes and conflict of all types facing international society. §1-13 Enforcement and complianceThe judgment of international courts lacks the enforcement machinery, not like the judgment of national court ,which has a sheriff or police force available to be ordered .But even on national plane , the enforcement of national court against governmental entities are more symbolic than real. The extent that governments comply with national courts decisions tends to be a function of the political legitimacy and moral credibility that sustain the entire fabric of governmental authority and produce the expectation that law will be obeyed.On international plane, that there’s no centralized system. There’s no central legislative, executive or judicial system. International law resembles private law, more than it resembles criminal or constitutional law. It is made out of legally equal entities. It’s similar to contracts between individuals. People do that voluntarily, because it is beneficiary. Treaties too are signed voluntarily becausecountries see them in their interest. There’s mutual self-interest. All states have interests in an international order in which conflicts are resolved in accordance with generally accepted rules , in a manner that is reasonably predictable ,and that reduce the likelihood of resort to force.V Historical Overview§1-14 Origins of the modern system.1.International law1)Rome Empire, (Western Roman Empire BC27—476/ Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire 395-1453)Two systems of law ---jus Civile/jus Gentium2)Grotius--- jus Gentium /Some English scholars---jus inter gentes3)the law of nations---used to be called in the west4)Jeremy Bentham(1748～1832) --- International law5)China ---1864 丁韪良（1827～1916）translation version《万国公法》。
国际公法重点
第一章导论第一节国际法的概念与特征一、国际法的概念国际法是调整国际法主体，主要是国家之间具有权利义务内容关系的行为规范的总称。
二、国际法的名称及其演变1.国际法学之父——格老秀斯。
2.“国际法”之词源。
万民法→Inter nation al Law→万国公法→国际（公）法。
胡果·格老秀斯（Hugo Grotius，1583-1645），“国际法学之父”。
出生于荷兰，亦为国际法及海洋法鼻祖，其《海洋自由论》主张公海是可以自由航行的，为当时新兴的海权国家如荷兰、英国提供了相关法律原则的基础，以突破当时西班牙和对海洋贸易的垄断，并反对炮舰外交。
三、国际法的社会基础“有社会就有法”1.独立国家及由其组成的国际社会是国际法的社会基础。
2.国际社会的组织化趋势强化了国际法的地位。
“相信组织，通过组织解决问题”3.国家间的共同利益是形成国际关系的纽带，国际法是协调各种国家利益的一种重要手段。
4.有什么样的国际社会现实，就有什么样的国际法。
5.平等互利有利于国际法的发展，强权政治和霸权主义是国际法的死敌。
四、国际法的性质—国际法是法律吗？1.关于国际法的法律性的分歧。
否定说和肯定说2.国际法是法律。
什么是法律？社会-规则-遵守和有拘束力3.国际法有拘束力的证明。
●各国通常宣示遵守国际法，实践中遵守。
●各国缔结国际协议，接受其中的权利和义务。
●国际法有制裁的规则。
●……4.国家为什么要遵守国际法？●相互主义的作用。
互尊主权和领土完整；平等互利；和平共处。
●遵守国际法符合国家的利益。
或多或少反映各国利益；共同的最高利益。
●伙伴间的监督。
“无赖国家、流氓国家”●跨界交流的客观需要。
交往、全球化：“没有规矩，不成方圆”。
●有强制执行力。
自卫、集体安全机制、国际刑事法院。
五、国际法的特征与国内法相比较，国际法具有以下特征：1．主体主要是国家。
2．主要根据国家间的协议而达成。
3．强制力较弱。
4．渊源主要是条约和习惯。
国际公法复习资料整理
国际公法复习资料整理(丁成耀版)第一章(国际法导论)第一节：国际法的概念和特征：1．定义：国际法，主要是在国家与国家间在国际交往中通过协议产生的，或者各国认可的，协调各国意志的，由国家单独或集体的强制力保证实施的原则、准则和制度的总体2 ．国际法的特征：(1)国际法上的主体主要是国家，也包括政府间国际组织和争取独立的民族(2)调整对象是国家间关系(3)国际法是由两个或两个以上国家通过协议共同制订的(4)国际法是由各国单独或集体采取强制措施来保证其实施的3 关于国际法的强制性(理论—实践)国际法是由各国单独或集体采取强制措施来保证其实施的。
1、国家单独的强制措施：主要是指当国家遭到外来侵略的时候，国家以自身的武装力量进行自卫，反击侵略行为，以保证国际法的实施。
2、国家集体的强制：主要是指当国家遭到外来侵略而无力抵抗的时候，其他国家或国家集团进行武装反击，制止侵略行为，以保证国际法的实施。
第二节：国际法的渊源含义：国际法渊源是指国际法作为有效的法律规范之所以形成的方式和程序。
( 《国际法院规约》所规定的类型：国际条约、国际习惯、为各国公认的一般法律规则、司法判例和各国权威最高的公法学家学说。
) ((后两个渊源也被认为是确立国际法原则的辅助材料和证据而不是直接渊源)。
国际法渊源的层次：国际条约居于首位，国际习惯次之，再次是一般法律原则。
(国际条约往往是由国际习惯编纂而成的)。
1 、国际条约：是指两个或两个以上国际法主体依据国际法而缔结的规定其相互之间权利义务关系的书面协议。
是最主要的国际法渊源。
按条约的实质内容划分：(1) 造法性条约：是指确认和创设新的国际法原则和规则，或变更现存国际法原则或规则的条约。
(2) 契约性条约：是指两个或多个国家为了解决某个或某些具体问题或特定事项而缔结的双边条约。
{注意：造法性条约 (即对国际法内容具有创设、确认、修订、补充作用的条约) 才是渊源；国家间为特定事项缔结的契约性条约不算；}2 、国际习惯：是指在国际交往中，经过国家反复多次实践，被世界各国公认为法律而逐渐形成的不成文行为规则。
国际经济法-英文名解汇总-纲目版
国际经济法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际经济法总论Merchandise theory 重商主义学说Absolute advantage theory 绝对优势理论学说Comparative advantage theory 比较优势理论学说International economic law 国际经济法World bank (group) = WBG世界银行（集团）World trade organization = WTO 世界贸易组织International monetary fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织Treaty on European union 欧盟条约Law of conflict of laws 国际私法/法律冲突法Natural person 自然人Legal person 法人Transnational corporations 跨国公司Quasi-international agreement 准国际协议General agreement on tariffs and trade = GATT 《关税与贸易总协定》UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议/联合国贸发会议EU 欧盟ASEAN 东南亚联盟CCM 加勒比共同市场NAFTA 北美自由贸易区Organization of petroleum exporting countries = OPEC 石油输出国组织UNCITRAL 联合国国际贸易法委员会WIPO 世界知识产权组织第二章国际货物买卖法United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods = CISG 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》/《销售合同公约》Negotiation 洽商Terms of transaction 交易条件Inquiry 询盘Buying offer = Bid 买方发盘/递盘Selling offer 卖方发盘To sign a contract 签订合同Offer 要约Offeror 要约人Offeree 受要约人Invitation for offer 要约邀请Quotation 报价单Price list 价目表Catalogues 商品目录Specific person 特定的人Sufficiently definite 十分确定Cross offer 碰头要约Withdrawal （要约的）撤回Revocation （要约的）撤销Irrevocable 不可撤销Reasonable time 合理的时间Public offer 公开发盘Acceptance 承诺Late acceptance 逾期承诺Official holidays 正式假日Non-business days 非营业日Mirror-image rule 镜子反射规则Additions 添加Modifications 更改Limitations 限制Material alteration 实质上的变更Received of the letter of acceptance rule 到达生效原则Corporation 公司Firm 商行Partnership 合伙Insurance to be effected by the buyer 保险由买方负责Inspection clause 检验条款Claim clause 索赔条款Confirmation of sales 销售确认书Contract of sales 买卖合同Concurrent condition 对流条件Delivery 交货Take delivery 受领Shipping documents 装运单据Counter-offer 反要约/还盘Right 权利Claim 要求Breach of contract 违约Fundamental breach of contract 根本违反合同Anticipatory breach of contract 预期违反合同Adequate assurance of his performance 提供充分保证Damages 损害赔偿Specific performance 实际履行Repair 修理Declare the contract avoided 宣告合同无效Warsaw-Oxford Rules 《华沙——牛津规则》International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms = Incoterms 《国际贸易术语解释通则》ICC 国际商会Electronic Data Interchange = EDI电子数据交换Departure 启运（E组术语）Main carriage unpaid 主运费未付（F 组术语）Main carriage paid 主运费已付（C组术语）Arrival 到达（D组术语）1.EXW = EX Works……(named place) 工厂交货……（指定地点）2.FCA = Free Carrier……(named place) 货交承运人……（指定地点）3.FAS = Free Alongside Ship……(named port of shipment) 船边交货……（指定装运港）4.FOB = Free on Board……(named port of shipment) 船上交货……（指定装运港），又称离岸价格5.CFR = Cost and Freight……(named port of destination) 成本加运费……（指定目的港）6.CIF = Cost Insurance and Freight……(named port of destination) 成本、保险费加运费……（指定目的港）7.CPT = Carriage paid to……(named port of destination) 运费付至……（指定目的地）8.CIP = Carriage and Insurance paid to……(named port of destination) 运费及保险费付至……（指定目的地）9.DAF = Delivered at Frontier……(named place) 边境交货……（指定地点）10.DES = Delivered Ex Ship……(named port of destination) 目的港船上交货……（指定目的港）11.DEQ = Delivered Ex Quay……( named port of destination) 目的港码头交货……（指定目的港）12.DDU = Delivered Duty Unpaid……(named port of destination) 未完税交货……（指定目的地）13.DDP = Delivered Duty Paid……(named port of destination) 完税后交货……（指定目的地）Equivalent electronic message 相等的电子单证Ship's rail 船舷Document transaction 单证交易Specific goods 特定货物Unascertained goods 非特定货物Specified goods 特定化货物In transit 路货Tender or delivery of goods 提供或交付的货物第三章国际货物运输与保险法律制度Ship owner 船舶所有人Disponent owner 二船东Affreightment in a general ship 件杂货运输合同/零担运输合同/提单运输Liner shipping 班轮运输Charter party = C/P 租船合同Voyage charter party 航次租船合同Single trip C/P 单航次合同Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次合同Consecutive return trip C/P 连续往返航次租船合同Contract of affreightment 包运租船合同Standard form 标准合同形式Gencon “金康”合同Safety port clause 安全港条款Always floating clause 永远漂浮状态条款Time charter party 定期租船合同Baltime 波尔泰定期租船合同Bareboat charter party = charter by demise 光船租赁合同Contract of affreightment 海上货物运输包运合同/海上货物运输总合同Combined transport 联合运输Combined transport contract 多式联运合同Frustration 合同受阻Due diligence to make the ship seaworthiness 谨慎处理使船舶处于适航的状态Deviation 绕航Freight 运费Freight prepaid 预付运费Freight to collect 到付运费Dead freight 亏舱费/空舱费Demurrage 滞期费General average contribution 共同海损费用Package limitation of liability 单位责任限制Sea waybill 海运单Bill of lading = B/L 提单Prima facie evidence 初步证据Conclusive evidence 绝对证据Shipped (or on board) B/L 已装船提单Received for shipped B/L 收货待运提单/备运提单Dock receipt 场站收据Straight B/L 记名提单Bearer B/L = open or blank B/L 不记名提单/空白提单/持票人提单Bearer 持有人To bearer 交与持有人Order B/L 指示提单To order 凭指示To order of ... 凭某某人指示Clean B/L 清洁提单In apparent good order and condition 上列外表状况良好Unclean B/L = claused B/L = foul B/L 不清洁提单Mate's receipt 大副收据Letter of indemnity 保函Long form B/L 全式提单/繁式提单Short form B/L 简式提单/略式提单Direct B/L 直达提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单through B/L 联运提单Ocean through B/L 海上联运提单Contracting carrier 订约承运人Successive carriers 连续的承运人On-carrier 接运承运人Actual carrier 实际承运人Pure ocean through B/L 纯海上联运提单Combined transport B/L 多式联运提单Liner B/L 班轮提单Charter party B/L 租船提单On deck B/L 舱面提单/甲板提单On deck risk 甲板险Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Electronic B/L 电子提单CMI Rules for Electronic Bill of Lading 《国际海事委员会电子提单规则》Vessel and nationality 船名和船舶国籍Ports of loading and unloading and ofcall 装货地和目的地或中途停靠港地Description ofgoods,marks,packages,numbers,meas urement or weight 货物品名、标志、包装、件数、体积或重量Freight and charges 运费和应当给付承运人的其他费用Date of signing at ... 提单签发的日期、地点和分数Signed by carrier master 承运人或船长签署Name of vessel 船名Carrier 承运人Shipper 托运人Consignee 收货人Notify party 通知人To be notified 需通知Freight payment 运费支付Jurisdiction clause 管辖权条款Paramount clause 首要条款Carrier's liability clause 承运人责任条款Period of carrier's responsibility clause 承运人责任期间条款Loading,Discharging and Delivery Clause 装货、卸货和交货条款Package limitation 赔偿责任限额Deck cargo and live animals clause 甲板货和活动物条款Cargo in container clause 集装箱货物条款Forwarding,Substitute ofvessel,Through carriage and Transhipment clause 转运、换船、联运与转船条款General average clause 共同海损条款New Jason Clause 新杰森条款Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款Original B/L 正本提单Copy 副本Non-negotiable 不能流通Letter of indemnity 保函Defraud a third party 对第三者有欺诈的意图Endorsement 背书Assignor 出让人Assignee 受让人Endorsement in blank 空白背书Special endorsement 特定背书International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bill of Lading = The Hague Rules 《统一提单的若干法律规定的国际公约》/《海牙规则》From tackle to tackle “钩至钩”原则Common carrier 公共承运人Private carrier 私人承运人Harter Act 《哈特法》Seaworthiness 船舶适航的标准Loading 装货Handling 搬移Stowage 配载Carrying 运送Custody and caring 保管和照料Discharging 卸货Navigation of ship 驾驶船舶Management of ship 管理船舶Actual fault or privity 实际过失或私谋Inherent vice 固有缺陷Latent defect 潜在缺陷Ejusdem genesis rule 同类规则Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading = The Visby Rules 《关于修订统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约议定书》/《维斯比规则》Special drawing right = SDR 特别提款权Breach of contract 违约Tort 侵权行为Himalayan clause 喜马拉雅条款Independent contractor 独立的承包商United Nations Convention on Carriage of Goods by Sea 《1978年联合国海上货物运输公约》/《汉堡规则》Common understanding 共同谅解书International multimodal transport国际多式联运International multimodal transport of goods 国际货物多式联运Container 集装箱Container freight station = CFS 集装箱货运站Port to port 港到港Door to door 门到门运输Uniform Rules for a Combined Transport Document 1973 《联运单证统一规则》Combined transport operator 多式联运经营人/联运人Principal 本人Multimodal transport document 多式联运单证Ocean bill of lading 海洋提单Way bill 铁路运单Air waybill 航空货运单/空运单Convention for Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Transportation by Air = Warsaw Convention 《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约》/1929年《华沙公约》Hague Protocal 《修改1927年10月12日在华沙签订的国际航空运输某些规则的公约的议定书》/《海牙议定书》Guadalajara convention 《统一非订约承运人所办国际航空运输某些规则以补充华沙公约的公约》/《瓜达拉哈拉公约》Air consignment note = ACN 空运单证/空运托运单CIM 国际铁路货物运输公约CMR 国际公路货物运输公约Wilful misconduct 故意的不当行为Insurance broker 保险经纪人The slip 承保条Insurance policy 保险单Marine insurance 海上保险/水险Valued policy 定值保单Valued insurance 定值保险合同Unvalued policy 不定值保单Unvalued insurance 不定值保险合同Voyage 航程保单Time policy 定期保单Open policy 预约保险合同/预约保单/开口保单Original slip 原始承保条Floating policy 流动保险合同/流动保单Insurable interest 保险利益/可保利益Legal interest 法律所认可的利益Pecuniary interest 经济上的利益Definite interest 确定的利益Utmost good faith 绝对诚信Disclosure 告知Warranty 保证Promissory warranty 允诺的担保Principle of indemnity 损失补偿Proximate 近因原则Perils of the sea 海上风险/海难Natural calamity 自然灾害Fortuitous accidents 意外事故Extraneous risks 外来风险Total loss 全部损失Actual total loss 实际全损Constructive total (loss) 推定全损Partial loss 部分损失Particular average = P.A. 单独海损General average = G.A. 共同海损General average contribution 共同海损分摊Sue and labour expenses 诉讼与营救费用Salvage charges 救助费用Abandonment 委付Subrogation 代位求偿Free from particular average 平安险/单独海损不赔With particular average 水渍险All risks 一切险Additional risks 附加险General additional risks 一般附加险Theft,pilferage and non-delivery 偷窃提货不着险Rain fresh water damage 淡水雨淋险Risk of shortage 短量险Risk of contamination 玷污险Risk of leakage 渗漏险Risk of clashing & breakage 碰损破碎险Risk of odour 串味险Damage caused by sweating & or heating 受潮受热险Risk damage 钩损险Loss of damage caused by breakage of packing 包装破裂险Risk of rusting 锈损险Special additional risk 特别附加险War risk 战争险Strikes risk 罢工险On deck risk 舱面险Import duty risk 进口关税险Rejection risk 拒收险Failure to deliver risk 交货不到险第四章国际贸易结算与支付法律制度International payment 国际支付Foreign exchange control 外汇管制International Monetary Fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织Forward transaction 远期外汇交易Swap transaction 掉期交易Currency option 外币期权交易Bill 票据Drawer 出票人Drawee = payer受票人/付款人Payee 受款人Negotiation 权利转让Assignment 债权让与Predecessors 前手Holder for value 付了对价的持票人Holder in due course 正当持票人Protected holder 受保护持票人Bill of exchange = draft = bill 汇票Promissory note 本票Check = cheque 支票Issue 出票Preparation 做成Delivery 交付Endorsement 背书Presentment 提示Acceptance 承兑Payment 付款Dishonour 拒付Recourse 追索Electronic funds transfer = EFT 电子资金划拨Originator 发端人Beneficiary 受益人Originator's bank 发端人银行/接受发端人支付指令的银行Intermediary bank 中间银行Beneficiary's bank 受益人银行Remittance 汇付/顺汇Reverse remittance 逆汇Collection 托收Letter of credit 信用证Remitter 汇款人Remitting bank 汇出行Paying bank 汇入行Payee 收款人Mail transfer = M/T 信汇Telegraphic transfer = T/T 电汇Demand draft = D/D 票汇Payment in advance 预付货物Payment after arrival of goods 货到付款Banker's demand draft 银行即期汇票Remittance against documents 凭单付款Principal = customer 委托人/本人/（银行的）客户Subagent 代理人的代理人Remittance letter 托收委托书Privity of contract 合同关系Remitting bank 托收行Collecting bank 代收行Drawee 付款人/汇票受票人Clean collection 光票托收Documentary collection 跟单托收Documents against payment = D/P 付款交单Documents against acceptance = D/A 承兑交单Uniform Rules on the Collection = URC 《托收统一规则》URC522 Collection order 托收指令Collection instruction 托收指示Discount 贴现Application form 开证申请书Applicant 开证申请人Issuing bank 开证行Advising bank 通知行Beneficiary 受益人Negotiating bank 议付行Confirming bank 保兑行Paying bank 付款行Transferee = second beneficiary 受让人/第二受益人Reimbursing bank 偿付银行/清算银行Documentary L/C 跟单信用证Clean L/C 光票信用证Revocable L/C 可撤销信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Divisible L/C 可分割信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Non-revolving L/C 非循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Standby L/C 备用信用证/担保信用证/保证信用证/履约信用证Binding promise 有约束力的允诺Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit = UCP 《跟单信用证统一惯例》UCP600All discrepancies 全部不符点Accounting receivable = A/R 应收账款Factoring 保理Forfaiting = invoice discounting 福费廷/发票贴现/包买票据Securitization 资产证券化Project financing 项目融资The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law = UNCITRAL 联合国国际贸易法委员会Origin contract 原始合同Assignment contract 转让合同Assignment 转让Assignor 转让人Assignee 受让人Obligor 债务人Subsequent assignment 后继转让Assignment of international receivables 国际应收款的转让International assignment of receivables 应收款的国际转让Notification of the assignment 转让通知Payment instruction 付款指示Competing creditors 竞合求偿人Trust receipt T/P 信托收据International factoring 国际保付代理/国际保理第五章WTO与中国的对外贸易管理制度GATT 关税与贸易总协定WTO 世界贸易组织IMF 国际货币基金组织Round （各轮贸易谈判）回合Plurilateral trade agreement 诸边贸易协议/复边贸易协议Marrakesh Agreement onEstablishing the World Trade Organization 《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》/《WTO 协定》Forum 场所Doha development agenda = DDA 多哈发展议程Contracting party 缔约方Member 成员方Separate customs territory 单独关税区Chinese Taipei 中华台北Free riding 免费搭车Ministerial conference 部长会议General council 总理事会Council 理事会Committee 委员会Dispute Settlement Body & Appellate Body 争端解决机构与上诉机构Secretariat 秘书处Most-favored-nation Treatment = MFN 最惠国待遇原则GSP 普遍优惠制Enabling clause 授权条款National treatment 国民待遇GATS 《服务贸易总协定》Schedule 减让表TRIPS 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》Transparency 透明度原则Decision: Accession of the People's Republic of China 《关于中华人民共和国加入的决定》Protocol on the Accession of the People's Republic of China 《中华人民共和国加入WTO议定书》Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China 《中国加入工作组报告》Protocol of Provisional Application = PPA = Grandfather clause 《临时适用议定书》/祖父条款Marrakesh Protocol to the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 《1994年GATT马拉喀什议定书》1.Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协定》2.Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures = SPS 《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》3.Agreement on Textiles and Clothing = ATC 《纺织品与服装协定》Multifibre Arrangement = MFA 《国际纺织品贸易协定》/《多种纤维协定》4.Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade = TBT 《技术性贸易壁垒协定》5.Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures = TRIMs 《与贸易有关的投资措施协定》/TRIMs 协议6.Agreement on Antidumping = AD 《反倾销协定》Material injury 实质性损害7.Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 《海关估价协定》/《关于履行GATT1994第7条的协定》8.Agreement on Preshipment Inspection = PSI 《装运前检验协定》9.Agreement on Rules of Origin = RO 《原产地规则协定》10.Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 《进口许可程序协定》11.Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures = SCM 《补贴与反补贴措施协定》/《反补贴协定》12.Agreement on Safeguards = SG 《保障措施协定》Serious injury 严重损害General Agreement on Trade in services = GATS 《服务贸易总协定》Specific commitments 具体承诺开价单Schedule of specific commitments 具体义务承诺表Cross-border supply 跨境提供Consumption abroad 境外消费Commercial presence 商业存在Movement of personnel 自然人流动Horizontal commitments 水平承诺Sector-specific commitments 部门承诺Plurilateral trade agreement 复边协议Trade Policy Review Mechanism = TPRM 贸易政策评审机制Sunset clause 日落条款Material injury 实质损害Close Economic Partnership Arrangement = CEPA 《内地与香港/澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement = ECFA 《两岸经济合作架构协议》第六章国际投资法UNCTAD 联合国贸发会议Equity joint venture 中外合资经营企业/股权式合营企业Contractual joint venture 中外合作经营企业/契约式合营企业Wholly owned foreign enterprise 外商独资企业Build-Operate-Transfer = BOT 建设——经营——转让Build-Own-Operate-Transfer = BOOT 建设——拥有——经营——转让Build-Own-Operate = BOO 建设——拥有——经营Build-Lease-Transfer = BLT 建设——租赁——转让Build-Transfer-Operate = BTO 建设——转让——经营Stabilization clause 稳定条款Lex contractus = law of the parties 契约条款法/当事人法Association of Southeast Asian Nations = ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟/东盟North America Free Trade Agreement = NAFTA 《北美自由贸易协定》FTAA 美洲自由贸易区Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States 《解决国家与他国国民之间投资争议公约》/《华盛顿公约》International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes = ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency = MIGA 《多边投资担保机构公约》/《汉城公约》Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures = TRIMs 《与贸易有关的投资措施协定》/TRIMs 协议第七章国际金融法Bank for International Settlement = BIS 国际清算银行Purchase 购买Repurchase 重购Draw 提取Special drawing right = SDR 特别提款权World Bank Group = WBG 世界银行集团The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development = IBRD 国际复兴开发银行The International Finance Corporation = IFC 国际金融公司The International Development Association = IDA 国际开发协会International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes = ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency = MIGA 多边投资担保机构Operations evaluation department = OED 评价检查部门Hard loan 硬贷款/世界银行贷款Soft loan 软贷款/国际开发协会援助贷款Blend 混合贷款United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations 联合国跨国公司中心The Basle Committee on Banking Supervision 巴塞尔银行监管委员会London Inter-Bank Offered Rated = LIBOR 伦敦同业银行拆放率Definition and interpretation 定义与释义Loan currency 贷款货币Loan amount 贷款金额Purpose for loan 贷款的用途Condition precedent 贷款的先决条件条款Final maturity and disbursement 贷款期限和发放Interest rate and interest 贷款的利率和利息Representation and warranties 陈述与保证Covenant 约定事项Negative pledge 消极保证条款/保证不作为条款Pari passu covenant 平等地位条款Financial covenant 财务约定事项Repayment 贷款的偿还Pre-repayment 贷款的提前偿还Governing law and jurisdiction 法律适用和司法管辖条款Assignment 权利或义务的让与Set-off 抵消条款Events of default 违约事件条款Syndicated loan = Corporate Finance 国际辛迪加贷款/国际商业银团贷款/银团贷款Lead manager 经理行Term sheet 贷款条件清单Mandate letter 委任书Commitment letter 义务承担书Information memorandum 信息备忘录Novation = substitution 更新/合同更新/合同替代Assignment 让与Sub-loans 转贷款Transferable loan certificate = TLC 可转让贷款证Transferable participating certificate = TPC 可转让贷款参与证Transferable loan instrument = TLI 可转让贷款票据Lead manager 牵头银行/经理银行Agent bank 代理银行Participant 参与贷款银行Project finance 国际项目贷款Take or pay contract 提货或付款协议第八章知识产权国际保护的法律制度Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights = TRIPS 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》Convention Establishing World Intellectual Property Organization 《建立世界知识产权组织公约》World Intellectual Property Organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 《保护工业产权巴黎公约》Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》/《伯尔尼公约》Universal Copyright Convention 《世界版权公约》Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations = Rome Convention 《保护表演者、录音制品制作者与广播组织罗马公约》Copyright and Related Rights 版权和邻接权Trademark 商标Geographical indications 地理标志Industrial designs 工业品外观设计Patent 专利权Cross-license 交叉许可Layout-designs of integrate circuits 集成电路布图设计/拓扑图IPIC 《集成电路知识产权条约》/《IPIC条约》Protection of undisclosed information 未披露信息的保护Contractual licences 协议许可Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 《商标国际注册马德里协定》/《马德里协定》Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purpose of the Registration of Marks 《商标注册用商品和服务国际分类尼斯协定》/《尼斯协定》Hologram mark 全息商标Patent Co-operation Treaty 《专利合作条约》International Patent Classification = IPC 国际专利分类法第九章国际税法Tax residence 税收居所The source of income 所得来源地/所得来源国Substantial presence test 实际存在标准OECD 经济合作与发展组织The tie-breaker clause 序列选择性冲突规范的解决原则Effective management 实际管理Principle of permanent establishment 常设机构原则Distinct place 显著的地点Stability, productivity, dependence 稳定性、生产性和依附性Associated permanent establishment 关联性常设机构Unassociated permanent establishment 非关联性常设机构Dependent agent 非独立地位的代理人Principle of fixed base 固定基地原则International double non-taxation 国际双重免税Tax-systematic double taxation 税制性双重征税Juridical double taxation 法律性双重征税Economic double taxation 经济性双重征税Method of tax exemption 免税法/豁免法Method of full exemption 全额免税法Method of exemption with progression 累进免税法Method of tax deduction 扣除法Method of tax credit = foreign tax credit 抵免法/外国税收抵免Full credit 全额抵免Ordinary credit 限额抵免/普通抵免Limitation on credit 抵免限额Direct credit 直接抵免Indirect credit 间接抵免Dividend-deduction system 股息扣除制Split-rate system 分劈税率制/双税率制Imputation credit system 归集抵免制/估算抵免制Schedular treatment 其他处理法International tax sparing credit = shadow tax credit 国际税收绕让抵免/饶让抵免/影子税收抵免/虚构抵免Tax evasion 逃税Tax avoidance 避税Tax refugee 税收逃难者Associated enterprises 跨国关联企业/联属企业Transfer pricing = Transferring price 转移定价/转让价格/划拨价格Arm's length deal 公平市场上的正常交易Tax haven 避税港/避税地Base company 基地公司Thin capitalization 资本弱化Foreign source income 外国来源所得Deferral of domestic taxation 延期纳税/国内纳税递延Unitary entity theory 单一实体论Separate entity theory 独立实体论Controlled foreign company = CFC 受控外国公司Agreement on Exchange of Information in Tax Matters 《税收事务情报交换协定》International tax treaty 国际税收协定/国际税收条约Tax treaty shopping 滥用国际税收协定/套用税收协定Direct conduit company 直接导管公司Stepping-stone conduit company 踏脚导管公司The abstinence approach 禁止法The exclusion approach 排除法The look-through approach 透视法Beneficiary owner 受益所有人The subject-to-tax approach 征税法The channel approach 渠道法The derivative approach 衍生法第十章国际经济争端处理法律制度Mediation or conciliation 调解Arbitration 仲裁/公断International arbitration = Inter-state arbitration国际仲裁/国家间仲裁Domestic arbitration 国内仲裁International commercial arbitration = transnational arbitration 国际商事仲裁/跨国仲裁Subject-matter 客体Commercial 商事Arbitration court of International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会仲裁院CIETAC 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会CMAC 中国海事仲裁委员会Arbitration clause 仲裁条款Submission agreement 仲裁议定书Lex arbitri 仲裁地法Country of origin 裁决地法Delocalized arbitration 非内国化或非地方化仲裁Anchored 定位于Floating 浮动的Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes = DSU 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Dispute settlement body = DSB 争端解决机构Negative consensus 全体一致否决/反向协商一致Good offices, conciliation, mediation 斡旋、调解和调停Composition 组成Compliance panel 相符性专家组/21.5条专家组。
法律英语国际法常用英语词汇大全
法律英语国际法常用英语词汇大全protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护；避难forntier region， border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente，缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer， merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one’s residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical， efficient， economical and convenient for use 实用，有效，廉价，方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East， Mideast 中东neutral state， neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid， racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state， metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship， equality and mutual benefit， and prolonged stability发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries， big or small， should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other’s deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity ofsovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-inte rference in each other’s internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence 和平共处。
《国际公法》课程教学大纲
《国际公法》课程教学大纲一、《国际公法》课程说明（一）课程代码：02236664（二）课程英文名称：International Law（三）开课对象：应用英语（国际商法方向）专业学生（四）课程性质：国际法是一门具有悠久发展历史、主要调整国家之间关系的法律原则和规则，涉及国家间政治、经济、法律、文化和科学交往的各个领域的法律专门学科。
国际法学是面向21世纪高等学校法学专业课程之一，是为培养复合型和应用型专门法律人材，满足我国改革开放和社会主义法制建设的需要而设置的。
本课程属于专业教育课、专业必修课程。
学生应在学习基本的法律课程后学习本课程，本课程也是进一步学习国际私法、国际经济法、国际贸易法等课程的基础。
（五）教学目的：国际法作为法学专业的14门主干课程之一，同时也是法学学生的一门必修课程，它在实现法学专业的培养目标方面有着至关重要的作用。
讲授这门课程的目的是使学生了解国际法是国家进行国际交往的行为规范，是国家必须遵守的法律原则和规则。
国家只有严格遵守国际法，才能与别国建立和发展友好关系，促进本国与别国的交流与合作，以利于本国的政治、经济、文化和科学的建设与发展，更好地保护本国和本国人民在外国的合法权益。
在此基础上学习和掌握国际法的基本理论和基础知识，并在以后的工作中能运用它们维护我国的权益，服务于我国的现代化建设。
（1）通过系统讲授涉外民商事法律冲突的产生及法律冲突的各种途径，完善学生知识体系。
（2）开阔学生的学习视野。
（3）培养和提高学生解决涉外实际纠纷的能力。
（六）教学内容：国际法学是面向21世纪高等学校法学专业核心课程之一。
教材全书共17章，系统论述现代国际法的原则、规则和制度，分析一些重要理论问题，包括新出现的问题。
第一章导论着重论述国际法的概念、发展、主体、渊源、效力根据、与国内法的关系和国际法的基本原则。
第二、三、四章主要讨论国际法上的国家、居民及领土法律制度。
第五、六、七、八章分别介绍、论述国际海洋法、航空法、外层空间法和国际环境法。
国际公法翻译
导言............................................... .. (355)二、战场上的军事律师................................ (359)A.业务员工问责代理制集合 (362)B.承诺问责代理商和法律规则基本价值 (367)C独立层次的必要性.......................... .. (368)D.监督的重要性制裁 (370)三、组织结构，制度文化，私人军事承包商问题 (373)四、改革组织结构与私人军事承包商制度文化 (379)A组织结构和承包商 (379)B 改革的可能性 (385)五、结论............................................... .. (388)I. IntroductionIt is by now no secret that the United States government depends on private contractors to guard military facilities, escort*356 convoys, conduct interrogations, train soldiers, and provide logistical support. [FN1] Indeed, by 2008 the ratio of contractors to uniformed troops in Iraq was approximately 1 to 1, [FN2] and this ratio is likely to increase further as the U.S. military draws down its forces there. Meanwhile, contractors remain a significant part of the U.S. government's operations elsewhere and are likely to be a continuing presence for the foreseeable future. [FN3]Private military contractors have been implicated in multiple instances of human rights violations, corruption, and waste. [FN4] Yet, private contractors are likely to become a permanent *357 part of the military landscape. Indeed, in testimony before Congress in January 2007, General David Petraeus made clear that the U.S. military would not be able to function in Iraq at all without contract security personnel. [FN5]The key question, therefore, is not, should there be contractors but rather, how can we make it more likely that contractors will respect core human rights norms? And on this question, it will not be sufficient merely to focus on the degree to which these contractors are formally governed by international and domestic law. Certainly there are some gaps in our current legal framework that could usefully be amended to address the rise of contractors. [FN6] But the problem is much less about the formal legal framework and much more about the subtle ways in which norm compliance actually operates on the ground. After all, legal rules are often followed not because of the formal existence of a norm, but because of more inchoate processes involving how much the legal norm is internalized by relevant actors. This is particularly true with regard to international law, which is less likely to be enforced through the use of coercive force.Accordingly, instead of focusing solely on reforming formal international legal norms to make them better apply to contractors, we need to understand how international legal norms are currently inculcated within the uniformed military, and then see whether those institutional structures are less *358 present (or indeed are undermined entirely) in the private military context. This article draws on qualitative empirical data to begin addressing these issues. I summarize conclusions drawn from a series of interviews I conducted with U.S. military lawyers in the Judge Advocate General (JAG) Corps. [FN7] These lawyers, embedded with troops in combat and consulting daily with commanders, have, to a large degree, internalized the core values inscribed in international law--respect for human rights [FN8] and the imposition of limits on the use of force [FN9]--and seek to operationalize those values. Of course, the lawyers are not always successful, and it would be simplistic to assume that their accounts prove that the U.S. military always obeys international law. But theirstories strongly indicate that the presence of lawyers on the battlefield can help produce military decisions that are more likely to comply with international legal norms.Drawing on this study, I suggest that differences in organizational structure and institutional culture (and not just differences in the applicable legal regime) may be principal reasons that the rise of private military firms threatens core rule of law values. In particular, the use of contractors may jeopardize certain aspects of military culture, both because the intermingling of contractors and uniformed troops on the battlefield *359 may weaken public values within the military, and because contractors operating outside the military chain of command may themselves develop a different organizational culture and set of values that come to predominate in conflict and post-conflict situations as contractors assume ever-greater responsibilities. Thus, if we are to address how to maintain public law values in an era of privatization, we must take seriously the question of organizational structure and culture, its importance, and the ways it might be shaped.Part II of this article draws on my study of JAG lawyers operating in Iraq to focus on the role that organizational structure has played in the effectiveness of these attorneys. Part III then describes ways in which this military culture is undermined in the context of private military contractors. Part IV takes up the daunting question of how we might go about trying to reform the organizational structure and institutional culture within these contractor firms.By taking issues of organizational structure and institutional culture seriously, we can see that fostering greater compliance may sometimes be less a matter of writing new treaty provisions or increasing the activity of international courts and more a matter of subtly influencing organizations and the norms they inculcate. And while such a task is extraordinarily difficult, it is only by focusing on such organizational reforms that we can begin to address a world where states are not the only relevant agents of international law compliance and where private corporations with radically varying institutional structures are frequently the agents of human rights protection or violation.二。
国际公法知识点复习考点归纳总结
国际公法复习题一．名词解释国际法国际法主要是国家之间的法律，它是为满足以国家为成员的国际社会需要而产生的，主要是调整国家之间的法律关系确定国家间权利义务的法律原则规则和制度。
他们是通过国际程序而形成的。
国际法编纂是指国际法的法典化，即把国际法的原则、规则和制度制定为系统的条文,并且把正在形成的国际法原则、规则和制度以法典的形式作出规定，以促进国际法的发展。
国家是指由定居在一定范围的领土之上的居民在一个独立自主的政府之下组成的社会。
国家必须具备有固定的居民、确定的领土、政府和主权四个要素，国家是国际法的基本的主体。
国际争端：国际争端是国际法的两个主体间关于法律上或事实上的论点的分歧，法律上的见解或利益的矛盾对立，国际争端主要是国家之间的争端。
调停由第三方代表在争端当事国间做些有利谈判的斡旋工作，并提出解决争端的建议，并且可以参加谈判。
国际法基本原则是指那些被各国公认或接受的、具有普遍约束力的、适用于国际法各个领域的、构成国际法基础的法律原则。
．外交团外交团是由驻在一国的各国外交使节全体组成的团体。
他是礼节性的团体、其团长由到任最早等级最高的使馆馆长担任。
他不具有任何法律职能。
国际组织一般指由若干国家的政府、民间团体或个人为特定的国际合作目的通过协议而创立的常设国际机构。
国际法意义上的国际组织是指由若干个国家的政府为特定的国际合作目的，依据国际条约而设立的国际常设机构，即政府间国际组织。
国家承认即对国家的承认，通常是指既有国家确认某一实体为国际法意义上的国家并表示愿意与之交往的行为。
国家继承是指一国对某一领土的国际关系所负的责任由别国取代。
国家责任：国家责任是指国家对其国际不当行为所应负担的国际法律责任。
国家责任的执行：国家责任的执行是指从事国际不当行为的国家履行因其不当行为而对受害国所负担的有关义务，其目的和作用在于消除国际不当行为的后果，从而有效地维护受害国的权利。
国家债务：国家债务是指被继承国对另一国家、某一国际组织或其他国际法主体所负担的任何的财政义务。
国际公法_英文名解汇总_纲目版
国际公法_英文名解汇总_纲目版国际公法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际法导论International law 国际法Jus civile 市民法Jus gentium 万民法Jus inter gentes = law of nations 万国法/万国公法Positive morality 实在道德International comity 国际礼让Treaty on European Union = Treaty of Maastricht 《欧洲联盟条约》/《马斯特里赫特条约》Naturalists 自然法学派Solidarists 社会连带法学派Normativists 规范法学派Positivists 实在法学派Sources of law = sources du droit = fontes juris 法律渊源Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论第二章国际法基本原则Jus cogens 强行法/强制法/绝对法Sovereignty 主权The Right of People to Self-determination 民族自决权第三章国际法主体Single State 单一国Federation 联邦Confederation 邦联Protected State 被保护国Permanent Ueutralized State 永久中立国Fundamental Right 基本权利Secondary Rights 派生权利Right of Independence 独立权Right of Equality 平等权Right of Self-preservation 自保权Right of Jurisdiction 国家管辖权Territorial Jurisdiction 属地管辖权/属地优越权Personal Jurisdiction = nationality jurisdiction = active personality principle 属人管辖权/国籍管辖/积极国籍管辖Protective Jurisdiction = passive personality principle 保护性管辖权/消极国籍管辖Universal Jurisdiction 普遍性管辖权Judicial immunities 外国国家的司法豁免权Recognition 国际法上的承认Effective control 有效统治Succession 国际法上的继承第四章国际法上的居民Nationality 国籍Inhabitant 居民Original nationality 原始国籍/出生国籍Jus sanguinis 血统主义Jus soli 出生地主义Acquired nationality 因加入而取得国籍Naturalization 入籍/归化Release 放弃（国籍）Deprive 剥夺（国籍）Dual nationality 双重国籍Active conflicts 国籍的积极抵触Stateless person 无国籍人Passive conflicts 国籍的消极抵触Alien 外国人Deportation 驱逐出境National treatment = doctrine of equality of treatment = NT 国民待遇/平等待遇原则International standard of treatment “文明世界”的“国际标准”/“最低标准”Most favorable national treatment = MFNT 最惠国待遇Differential treatment 差别待遇Extradition 引渡Principle of Non-extradition of Political Offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Attentat clause = Assassination Clause 行刺条款/比利时行刺条款/暗杀条款Principle of identity 相同原则/罪名同一原则/双重犯罪原则Principle of speciality 罪行特定原则Asylum 庇护Territorial asylum 领域庇护/域内庇护Extra-territorial asylum 域外庇护Refugee 难民Nansen passport 南森护照Convention refugees 公约难民Mandate refugees 章程难民Principle of non-refoulement 不推回原则/禁止驱逐、送还原则Diplomatic protection 外交保护Doctrine of continuous nationality 国籍连续原则Exhaustion of local remedies 用尽国内救济原则Calvo clause 卡尔沃条款Calvo doctrine 卡尔沃主义第五章国家法律责任International responsibility 国际法律责任/国际责任Primary rules 确定合法、非法的行为规则/是非规则/首要规则Secondary rules 国际法律责任规则/一般法律责任规则/责任规则/次级规则Distress 危难Necessity 危急情况Restitution 恢复原状Reparation 广义赔偿Compensation 狭义赔偿/经济赔偿Satisfaction 抵偿第六章领土法Land territory 领陆Territory Waters 领水Air space 领空Subsoil beneath state territory 底土Enclave 飞地Ownership 所有权Domination 统治权Condominium 共管Leased territory 租借International servitude 国际地役Internal waters 内水Internal rivers 内河Boundary rivers 界河Non-national rivers 多国河流International rivers 国际河流Inter-oceanic canals 通洋运河Occupation 先占/占领Vacant land 无主地Effective occupation 有效占领Prescription 时效Accretion 添附Cession 割让Conquest 征服Plebiscite 全民投票/全民公决Self-determination of peoples 民族自决The exchange of territory 交换领土Reversionary rights 收复失地Boundaries of state territory 国家边界第七章国际海洋法The common heritage of mankind 人类共同继承财产The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Base line 基线Normal baseline 正常基线Straight baseline 直线基线Archipelagic baseline 群岛基线Innocent passage 无害通过Contiguous zone 毗连区/邻接区/海上特别区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区Continental shelf 大陆架High seas 公海Flag of convenience 方便旗Right of visit 登临权/临检权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权Straits used for international navigation 用于国际航行的海峡Transit passage 过境通行Archipelagic waters 群岛水域Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage 群岛海道通过权International sea-bed area 国际海底区域Single exploitation system 单一开发制Parallel exploitation system 平行开发制第八章国际航空法Air defence identification zone = ADIZ 防空识别区/空中识别区Cabotage 国内载运权The International Civil Aviation Organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织Dol = wilful misconduct （承运人的）加害行为/故意造成损害的不法行为/故意的行为/不在乎地不顾后果的行为Two tier liability “双梯度”责任制度/两级责任制Aut dedere aut judicare 或引渡或起诉原则Aut dedere aut punier 或引渡或处罚第九章外层空间法Outer space 外层空间第十章国际环境法Sustainable development 可持续发展Pollution from vessels 船舶污染Pollution by dumping 控制海洋倾倒Pollution from land-based sources 陆源污染第十一章外交关系法Consular provision 委任文凭Consular exequatur 领事证书Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consular relations 领事关系Diplomatic Privileges andImmunities外交特权与豁免第十三章国际条约法The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 《维也纳条约法公约》Treaty 条约Convention 公约Convention 专约Agreement 协定Protocol 议定书Final act 最后议定书/蒇事议定书Covenant 盟约Charter 宪章Statute 规约Exchange of Notes 换文Declaration 宣言Joint statement 联合声明Bilateral treaty 双边条约Multilateral treaty 多边条约Negotiation （条约）谈判Full power 全权证书Adoption 议定Authentication 认证Signature 签署Ratification 批准Accession 加入Reservation 保留Registration 登记Publication 公布Pacta sunt servanda 条约必须遵守原则Pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt 约定对第三者既无损，也无益Termination 条约的终止Invalidation 条约的失效Suspension 条约的暂停施行/条约的中止/条约的停止施行Interpretation 条约的解释Revision 条约的修订Amendment 条约的修正Modification 条约的修改第十四章国际组织法International organization 国际组织Inter-governmental organization 政府间组织International institutional law 国际组织法Concert of Europe 欧洲协商Non-governmental organization 非政府间国际组织Organization of petroleum exporting countries = OPEC 石油输出机构/石油输出国组织Organization for economic cooperation and development = OECD 经济协力开发机构/经济合作与发展组织/经合组织General Assembly 联合国大会Security Council 安全理事会/安理会Economic and Social Council 经济与社会理事会/经社理事会Trusteeship Council 托管理事会International Court of Justice 国际法院Secretariat 秘书处Specialized International Organization 专门性国际组织Specialized Agencies 联合国专门机构International telecommunication union = ITU 国际电信联盟Universal postal union = UPU 万国邮政联盟World meteorological organization = WMO 世界气象组织World health organization = WHO 世界卫生组织International labour organization = ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations = FAO 联合国粮食及农业组织/联合国粮农组织United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization = UNESCO 联合国教科文组织International monetary fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织International bank for reconstruction and development = IBRD 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行International civil aviation organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织International finance corporation = IFC 国际金融公司International maritime organization = IMO 国际海事组织International development association = IDA 国际开发协会World intellectual property organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织International fund of agricultural development = IFAD 国际农业发展基金（组织）United Nations Industrial Development Organization = UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织World trade organization = WTO 世界贸易组织International atomic energy agency = IAEA 国际原子能机构Collective security 集体安全保障Peace-keeping operations = PKO 联合国维持和平行动Regional organization 区域性国际组织Organization of American States = OAS美洲国家组织Arab League = League of Arab States = AL = LAS 阿拉伯国家联盟/阿拉伯联盟/阿盟African union = AU 非洲联盟/非盟Organization of African Unity = OAU 非洲统一组织/非统组织Association of Southeast Asian Nations = ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟/东盟European community = EC 欧洲共同体ECSC 欧洲煤钢共同体EUBATOM 欧洲原子能共同体EEC 欧洲经济共同体European union = EU 欧洲联盟Shanghai Cooperation Organization =SCO 上海合作组织/上合组织Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation organization = APEC 亚太经合组织第十五章国际人权法Human Rights 人权The responsibility to protect 保护的责任The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 《世界人权宣言》The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》The International Covenant onEconomic,Social and Cultural Rights 《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》第十六章国际刑法International criminal law 国际刑法International crimes 国际犯罪The direct enforcement model 直接执行模式The indirect enforcement model 间接执行模式International penal judicial assistance 国际刑事司法协助Extradition 引渡Principle of non-extradition of political offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Assassination Clause = Attentat clause 行刺条款/暗杀条款/比利时行刺条款Transfer jurisdiction of criminal procedure 刑事诉讼移管/刑事诉讼移转管辖Recognition and enforcement of foreign penal judgements 外国刑事判决的承认和执行International criminal jurisdiction 国际刑事管辖第十七章国际争端法International disputes 国际争端Legal disputes = justiciable disputes 法律性质的争端/可裁判的争端Political disputes = Non-justiciable disputes 政治性质的争端/不可裁判的争端Compulsive means 强制方法Negotiation 谈判Consultation 协商Good office 斡旋Mediation 调停International inquiry 国际调查/调查Conciliation 和解/调解Bryan peace treaties 《布赖恩和平条约》/冷却条约International arbitration 国际仲裁/国际公断Jay treaty 杰伊条约Permanent court of arbitration 常设仲裁法院Judicial settlement 司法解决The permanent court of international justice 常设国际法院International court of justice 国际法院Contentious jurisdiction 诉讼管辖权Optional compulsory jurisdiction 任意强制管辖Connally reservation 康纳利保留条款Advisory jurisdiction 咨询管辖权Regional agency = Regional arrangement 区域机关/区域办法第十八章战争法Law of war 战争法Law of armed conflict 武装冲突法Animo belligerendi 交战意向Jus ad bellum 诉诸战争权Suspension of arms 停战Surrender 投降International humanitarian law 国际人道法Crimes against humanity 违反人道罪War time neutrality 战时中立War neutrality law 战时中立法Permanent neutralized state 永久中立国/中立化国家War crimes 战争犯罪。
国际私法-英文名解汇总-纲目版
国际私法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际私法概述Civil and commercial legal relations with(involving) foreign elements = international civil and commercial legal relations 具（含）有涉外（国际）因素的民商事法律关系/跨国民商事法律关系/国际民商事法律关系/涉外民商事法律关系Conflict rules = rule of application of law = choice of law rules = rule of private international law 冲突规范/法律适用规范/法律选择规范/国际私法规范Substantive rules 实体规范Conflict of laws 法律冲突/法律抵触Interspatial conflict of laws 法律的空间冲突Interpersonal conflict of laws 法律的人际冲突Intertemporal conflict of laws = conflicts mobiles 法律的时际冲突/动态冲突Interregional conflict of laws 法律的区际冲突International conflict of laws 法律的国际冲突Horizontal conflict 平面冲突Vertical conflict 垂直冲突Jus civile 市民法Extraterritorial effect of laws 法律的域外效力Personal supremacy 属人优越权Territorial effect of laws 法律的域内效力Territorial supremacy 属地优越权Uniform substantive rules 统一实体法规范Supernational law 超国家规范Theory of statutes 法则区别说Post-glossarist 后期注释学者Private international law = 【法】droit international privé = 【意】diritto international privato = 【西】deracho international privato = 【葡】direito internacional privado 私国际法International private law = 【德】internationalen privatrechts 国际私法Conflicts law = 【荷】de conflictu legum = the law of the conflict of laws = the conflict of laws 冲突法/法律冲突法/法律冲突The Hague Conference of Private Internatioal Law 海牙国际私法会议第二章国际私法的渊源Forum shopping 挑选法院Regulations 规定Directives 指令第三章国际私法立法与学说的历史发展/国际私法的历史Theory of statutes 法则区别说Statuta 法则Statuta realia 物的法则Statuta personalia 人的法则Statuta mixta 混合法则Lex originis 出生地法Jus civile 市民法Jus gentium 万民法Period of racial laws = period of personal laws 种族法时期/属人法时期Post-glossarist 后期注释法学派Bartolus 巴托鲁斯Baldus 巴尔多（斯）Charles Dumoulin 杜摩林Autonomie de la volonté =L'autonomie de la volonté = autonomy of will 意思自治原则D'Argentré达让特莱Ulicus Huber 胡伯De conflictu legum 法律冲突Comitas gentium 国际礼让说Savigny 萨维尼Sitz des rechtsverhältnisses 法律关系本座说Seat 本座Copernican revolution 哥白尼革命Mancini 孟西尼Story 斯托里Dicey 戴西Doctrine of vested rights 既得权说Theory of local law = local law theory 本地法说Cook 库克Judicial attitude 司法态度Theory of governmental interests analysis 政府利益说Brainerd Currie 柯里Principle of preference theory 优先选择原则说Cavers 卡弗斯Five-choice-influencing considerations = Better law approach 法律选择五点考虑/较好法律的方法Leflar 莱弗拉尔Doctrine of lex fori 法院地法说Ehrenzweig 艾伦茨威格Forum shopping 挑选法院Forum conveniens 方便法院Proper forum 适当法院Doctrine of the most significant relationship 最密切联系说Fuld 富德Reese 里斯Bartiffol 巴迪福Particularism---nationalism school 特殊主义——国家主义学派Zitelmann 齐特尔曼Universalism---internationalism school 普遍主义——国际主义学派Rabel 拉沛尔Kegel 克格尔Interesse jurisprudenz 利益法学Francescakis 弗朗西斯卡基斯Loi d'application immédiate 直接适用的法Exclusivnormen 专属规范Loi d'application nécessaire 必须适用的法Spatial conditional rules 空间受调解的规范Legislatively localized laws 立法定位法Particular choice of law clauses 特殊法律选择条款Proper law doctrine “自体法”理论Functional analysis 功用分析说Comparative-impairment approach 比较损害方法Comprehensive interest analysis 综合利益分析Comparative private international law school 比较法学派第四章冲突规范与准据法Conflict rules = rule of application of law = choice of law rules = rule of private international law 冲突规范/法律适用规范/法律选择规范/国际私法规范Lex causae = applicable law 准据法Category = Object of connection = classification of issue = operative facts 范围/连接对象/问题的分类/起作用的事实Attribution 系属Unilateral conflict rules 单边冲突规范Bilateral conflict rules = all-sided conflict rules 双边冲突规范Double rules for regulating the conflict of laws 重叠适用的冲突规范Choice rules for regulating the conflict of laws 选择适用的冲突规范Point of contact = connecting factor = connecting ground 连接点/连接因素/连接根据Natural connexion 自然联系Objective point of contact 客观连接点Subjective point of contact 主观连接点Variable point of contact 动态连接点Constant point of contact 静态连接点Anknǜpfungsbegriff 【德】法律概念（作为连接点）/连接概念Open-ended 开放的（连接点）Black-letter 硬性（连接点）Open-ended conflict rules 灵活性冲突规范Softening process 软化处理Dépécage 分割规则Proper law of the torts 侵权行为自体法Formula of attribution 系属公式Lex personalis 属人法Lex patriae 本国法/国籍国法Personal law of a legal person 法人属人法Lex domicilii 住所地法Habitual residence 惯常居所Lex rei sitae = lex loci situs = lex situs 物之所在地法Lex loci actus 行为地法Locus regit actum 场所支配行为Lex loci contractus 合同缔结地法Lex loci solutionis 合同履行地法Lex loci delicti 侵权行为地法Lex loci celebratiois 婚姻举行地法Lex voluntatis 当事人合意选择的法律Autonomie de la volonté =L'autonomie de la volonté = autonomy of will 意思自治原则Lex fori 法院地法Law of the flag 旗国法Law of the place of the most significant relationship 最密切联系地法Lex causae = applicable law 准据法Rule of law 法律规范Conflicts mobiles 动态冲突Preliminary question = incidental problem 先决问题/附带问题Principal question 主要问题/本问题Result-selecting rules = rules-selecting rules 结果选择（方法）/规则选择Jurisdiction-selecting rules 管辖权选择方法Dépécage 分割方法The Comparative-impairment approach 比较损害方法Kentucky method 肯塔基方法The Functional analysis approach 功能分析方法Substance 实体问题Procedure 程序问题Right 权利（问题）/实体问题Remedy 救济（问题）/程序问题Statues of limitation 时效问题Borrowing statue(statute) “借用”法规Burden of proof 举证责任Presumptions 推定Presumptions of fact 事实的推定Presumptions of law 法律的推定Rebuttable presumptions of law 可反驳的法律推定Irrebuttable presumptions of law 不可反驳的法律推定第五章适用冲突规范的一般制度Characterization = qualification = classification = identification 识别/定性/分类Latente gesetzes kollisionen 隐存的法律冲突/识别冲突Conflict between conflic rules 冲突规则之间的冲突Movable property 动产Immovable property 不动产Personal property v. Real property Primary characterization 一级识别Secondary characterization 二级识别The theory of analytical jurisprudence and comparative law 分析法学与比较法说Funktionelle qualifikatic 功能定性说Renvoi 反致Remission = renvoi au premier degré直接反致/一级反致/狭义反致Transmission = renvoi au seconddegré转致/二级反致Indirect remission 间接反致/大反致Double renvoi = foreign court theory 双重反致/外国法院说Evasion of law = fraude a la loi = fraudulent creation of points of contact 法律规避/法律欺诈/僭窃法律/欺诈设立连接点Fraus omnia corrumpit 欺诈使一切归于无效Public order = public policy = 【法】ordre public = 【德】vorbehaltskausel 公共秩序/【英美】公共政策/【德】保留条款The reservation of public order 公共秩序保留制度Statuta odiosa 令人厌恶的法则Legal policy 法律政策Distinctive policy 特殊政策Repugnancy 可恶性perniciousness 有害性Viciousness 邪恶性Substantial contact 实质的联系The ascertainment of foreign law = proof of foreign law 外国法（内容）的查明/外国法的证明Jura novit curia 法官知法Artificial 矫揉造作Revisio in jure 法律审第六章国际私法的主体Nationality 国籍Allegiance 忠诚Obedience 服从Contract 契约Nationality by birth = nationalité de l'origine 生来国籍/原始国籍Jus sanguinis 血统主义Jus soli 出生地主义Nationalité secondaire 派生国籍/传来取得Nationalité effective 实际国籍Conflict of nationalities 国籍冲突Domicile of origin 原始住所Domicile of choice 选择住所Statutory domicile = domicile of dependency 法定住所/从属住所Residence 居所Habitual resident 习惯居所/惯常居所Legal person 法人Public body 公共团体State immunity 国家豁免Immunity from jurisdiction = immunity ratione personae 司法管辖豁免/属人理由的豁免Immunity from execution/immunity ratione materiae 执行豁免/属物理由的豁免The doctrine of absolute immunity 绝对豁免理论The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 限制豁免论/职能豁免论The doctrine of abolishing immunity 废除豁免论The doctrine of equal immunity 平等豁免论Immunity of state property 国家财产豁免Tate's letter 泰特公函National treatment 国民待遇Most-favoured-nation treatment = MFN 最惠国待遇Preferential treatment 优惠待遇(Treatment of) Generalized system of preference = GSP 普遍优惠待遇Non-discriminate treatment 非歧视待遇第七章民事身份和能力的法律适用Capacity for right （民事）权利能力Allgemeine Rechtsfähigkeit 一般权利能力Besondere Rechtsfähigkeit 特别权利能力Presumption of life 推定存活Declaration of absence 宣告失踪Declaration of death 宣告死亡/推定死亡Interdiction 禁治产Feeble mindedness 精神病/心神耗弱/低能Mental disordered 心神失常Mental infirmity 心神耗弱者第八章法律行为和代理的法律适用Locus regit actum 场所支配行为Agency of necessity 必要代理Agency from cohabitation 夫妻之间的代理Doctrine of implied warranty of authority 默示授权担保原则第九章涉外物权的法律适用Right in rem 物权Lex loci rei sitae = lex situs = Lex rei sitae物之所在地法Mobilia personam sequunrur = mobilia ossibus inhaerent = personalty has no locality 动产随人/动产附骨/动产无场所Chattels 动产Immovable 不动产Intangible movable 无体动产Shares 股份Nationalization 国有化Requisition 征用Confiscation 没收Expropriation 征收Trusts 信托Trust property 信托财产Uses 用益设计Fidei commissum 遗产信托Salmen 受托人制度第十章破产的法律适用Insolvency = bankruptcy 破产Rehabilitation 再建型程序Liquidation 清算型程序Reorganization 重整制度Reconciliation = compromise 和解制度Transnational insolvency =foreign-related insolvency =cross-border insolvency = international insolvency 跨国破产/涉外破产/越界破产/国际破产Cross-default 交叉违约Center of main interests 主要利益中心Universalism 破产普及主义/普遍性原则Doctrine of unity 单一破产理论Territoriality 破产属地主义/地域性原则Doctrine of pluralism 复合破产理论New pragmatism 新实用主义Modified universalism = cooperative territorialism 修正的普遍性原则/合作的地域性原则Cases ancillary to foreign proceedings 辅助外国程序的案件Factor list 因素清单Bank of commerce and credit international = BCCI 国际商业信贷银行第十一章票据的法律适用Negotiable instruments 流通票据Bills of exchange 汇票Promissory notes 本票Cheques 支票第十二章知识产权的法律适用Intangible property 无体财产权Intellectual property 知识产权/智慧产权Industrial property 工业产权Patent 专利Trade mark 商标Priority of registration “注册在先”原则Priority of use “使用在先”原则Copyright 著作权/版权Droit de autear 作者权理论Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 《保护工业产权的巴黎公约》Patent Cooperation Treaty 《专利合作条约》Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Trademarks 《商标国际注册马德里协定》Berne Convention for the Protectionof Literary and ArtisticWorks 《伯尔尼保护文学和艺术作品公约》Universal Copyright Convention 《世界版权公约》Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights = TRIPs 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》Know-How 实用知识技术GATT 关税及贸易总协定Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合World Intellectual Property Organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织World Trade Organization = WTO 世界贸易组织United Nations Educational Scientificand Cultural Organization = UNESCO 联合国教科文组织International Labour Organization = ILO 国际劳工组织第十三章涉外合同之债法律适用的基本制度Nationality 国籍标准Proper law of contract 合同自体法The principle of autonomy of the parties = Autonomy of will of the parties = autonomie de la volonté当事人意思自治原则/主观论The doctrine of the most significant relationship 最密切联系原则The most real connection 最真实联系The doctrine of characteristic performance = characteristic performance = the doctrine of characteristic obligation 特征性履行方法（说；原则）/特征性债务原则/特征性给付说Centre of gravity 重力中心地grouping of contracts 关系聚集地Lex nulla 无法之法Mandatory rules = directly applicable rules = lois de police 强制规则/直接适用的法/警察法第十四章常用涉外合同之债的法律适用United Nations Commission on International Trade Law = UNCITRALSteering committee 指导委员会United Nations Convention on Contracts for The International Sale ofGoods = CISG 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》/《1980年维也纳公约》UN Treaty Section 联合国条约管理署Have adopted 批准了Contracting states 缔约国Reservation 保留Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 《维也纳条约法公约》International direct investment 国际直接投资International indirect investment orportfolio investment 国际间接投资International investment contract 国际投资合同International joint venture 国际合营企业United Nations Industrial Development Organization = UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织Equity joint venture 股权式合营企业Contractual joint venture 契约式合营企业Joint venture agreement 合营企业协议Joint operating agreement 联合作业协议Production sharing contract 产品分成合同The service contract 服务合同Concession agreement = economic development agreement 特许协议/经济开发协议Quasi-international agreement 准国际协定Transnational contract 跨国契约Build-own-operate = BOOBuild-own-operate-transfer = BOOT Build-lease-transfer = BTODesign-build-finance-operate = DBFO Build-operate-transfer BOT 建设——经营——移交Project company 项目公司Material goods 物质产品Non-profitable 不盈利Residual 不重要Service society 服务社会OECD 经济合作与发展组织GATS 服务贸易总协定第十五章涉外非合同之债的法律适用The law of the place of the tort 侵权行为地法The place of acting 加害行为实施地The place of injury 加害结果发生地The law of the forum 法院地法A mixture of the lex fori and the lex loci delicti = Rule of double actionability重叠适用侵权行为地法和法院地法/双重可诉原则Proper law of the torts 侵权行为自体法Unjust enrichment 不当得利Negotiorum gestio = voluntary agency 无因管理Quasi-contractual obligation 准合同之债第十六章国际海事法律冲突与法律适用Salvage at sea 海难救助/海上救助General average 共同海损Action in rem 对物诉讼第十七章涉外婚姻与亲权的法律适用Polygamous 一夫多妻制Service marriage 兵役婚姻Marriage on the high sea 公海婚姻Limping marriage 跛脚婚姻Judicial separation 请求别居Forum shopping 挑选法院Legitimation 准正Curatorship 保佐Presence 出现第十八章涉外继承关系的法律适用Personal representive 人格代表者（包括遗嘱执行人和遗产管理人）Unitary system 同一制/单一制Scission system 区别制/分割制Ultimate heir 最终继承人Ius regale over bona vacantia 国家对位于其领域内无主财产的先占权True successor 真正的继承人第十九章国际商事仲裁的法律适用Conflict of laws = International conflict of laws狭义的法律冲突/国际法律冲突Denationalization = delocalization非内国化/非当地化Material connecting factors 实质性连接因素Geographic criterion = Juridical criterion 地理标准/法律标准Amiable arbitration 友好仲裁/友谊仲裁International civil procedure 国际民事诉讼International commercial arbitration 国际商事仲裁Alternative dispute resolution = ADR 非诉讼争议解决方式/替代争议解决方法/选择性争议解决方式Rent judge 法官借用China International Ecomomic and Trade Arbitration Commission = CIETAC = The Court of Arbitration of China Chamber of International Commerce = CCOIC Court of Arbitration 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会/中国国际商会仲裁院Agreement of international commercial arbitration 国际商事仲裁协议Meeting of the minds 解决的合意Principal contract 主合同Arbitration clause 仲裁条款Submission agreement 仲裁协议书Litigation 排除诉讼Capacity （仲裁当事人的）资格The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 《承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约》/《纽约公约》A half-way conflict rule 走到半路的冲突规则Competence/competence = 【法】competence de la competence = 【德】kopetenz/kopetenz 管辖权/管辖权原则//自裁管辖原则Denationalization 非内国化Legal persons of public law 公法法人The Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and National of Other States 《解决国家与他国国民间投资争议的公约》/《华盛顿公约》Arbitrability 可仲裁性Subjective arbitrability 主观上的可仲裁性Objective arbitrability 客观上的可仲裁性A safety valve 安全阀Exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权Severability of arbitration agreement = Doctrine of arbitration clause autonomy = separability of arbitration clause = severability of arbitration clause 仲裁协议独立性理论/仲裁条款自治性理论/仲裁条款分离性理论/仲裁条款分割性理论Substantive law 实体法Adjective law 程序法Lex fori 法院地国法Statuta realia 物的法则Statuta personalia 人的法则Statuta mixta 混合法则Lex arbitri 仲裁法Curial law 法庭法Rules of procedure of arbitration 仲裁程序规则Mandatory rules 强制性规则Denationalization = delocalization 非内国化理论/非本地化理论Lex mercatoria 商人习惯法Legal order 法律秩序Agency agreement 代理协定Transnational customary rules 跨国习惯规则The proper law of contract 合同自体法International chamber of commerce = ICC 国际商会Floating awards = a-national award = transnational award = supranational award = expatriate award “浮动”裁决/非国内裁决/跨国裁决/超国家裁决/无国籍裁决Transnational arbitration 跨国仲裁Rules of law 法律规则Reasonable basis 合理根据Conflict au premier degr 一级冲突Conflict au deuxieme degree 二级冲突Territorial theory 领域理论Jurisdictional theory 司法权学说Applicable 可适用的（冲突规则）Appropriate 适当的（冲突规则）Home state 本国False conflict situation 虚假冲突情况Rules of private international law 国际私法的一般原则Direct line = voie directe 直接适用的法International law = droit international = diritto internazionale = internationales recht “国际法”Concurrent laws 并存法Lex mercatoria 商人习惯法Law merchant 商法Quasi-public agreement 准公共协定Amiable arbitration 友好仲裁/友谊仲裁Internet 互联网World Wide Web = www 万维网Electronic commerce 电子商务Online dispute 网上争议/在线争议Alternative dispute resolution = ADR选择性争议解决方式/非诉讼争议解决方式/替代争议解决方法Online dispute resolution system 在线争议解决机制Online arbitration 网上仲裁Cyber tribunal arbitration 网络裁判庭仲裁机制Cyber tribunal 网络裁判庭The prevailing cyberspace practices 通行的网络惯例National Center for Automated Information Research 国家自动信息检索中心CNNIC 中国互联网信息中心CIETAC 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会Domain name 域名ICANN 美国互联网名称和代码分配公司World International Property Organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织第二十章国际民事诉讼程序International jurisdiction = competence generale = competence internationale 国际管辖权/一般的管辖权Local jurisdiction = competence speciale = competence interne国内管辖权/特别的管辖权Competence generale directe 直接的一般管辖权Competence generale indirecte 间接的一般管辖权Par in parem non habet jurisdictionem 平等者之间无管辖权International judicial assistance in civil matters 国际（民事领域）司法协助Service = evidence abroad 司法协助Commissioner 特派员取证Public summons 公共传票Forcible service 强制送达Non-forcible service 非强制送达Nonformal service 非正式送达第二十一章国际商事仲裁程序Arbitration 仲裁/公断Arbitrability 争议可仲裁性Material connecting factors 实质性连接因素Geographic criterion = Juridical criterion 地理标准/法律标准Jurisdictional theory 司法权论Contractual theory 契约论Mixed theory 混合论Autonomous theory 自治论Arbitration clause 仲裁条款Future dispute 将来发生的争议Existing dispute 现有争议Submission to arbitration agreement 提交仲裁协议书Competence 自裁管辖Severability of arbitration agreement = Doctrine of arbitration clause autonomy = separability of arbitration clause = severability of arbitration clause 仲裁协议独立性理论/仲裁条款自治性理论/仲裁条款分离性理论/仲裁条款分割性理论To be invalid ab initio 从一开始就无效Ad hoc arbitration agency 临时仲裁机构/特别仲裁机构/专设仲裁机构Institutional arbitration 机构仲裁Arbitration Court of International Chamber of Commerce = ICC国际商会仲裁院International Chamber of Commerce = ICC 国际商会International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes = ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心Terms of reference 审理事项Arbitral proceedings 仲裁程序London Court of International Arbitration = LCIA 伦敦国际仲裁院Charted Institute of Arbitration 特许仲裁员协会The Arbitration of Stockholm Chamber of Commerce = SCC 斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院American Arbitration Association = AAA 美国仲裁协会Court of Arbitration of the Zurich Chamber of Commerce 苏黎世商会仲裁院Japan Commercial Arbitration Association = JCAA 日本国际商事仲裁协会WIPO Arbitration Center 世界知识产权组织仲裁中心China International Ecomomic and Trade Arbitration Commission = CIETAC = The Court of Arbitration of China Chamber of International Commerce = CCOIC Court of Arbitration 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会/中国国际商会仲裁院China Maritime Arbitration Commission = CMAC 中国海事仲裁委员会Hongkong International Arbitration Center 香港仲裁中心Final award 最后裁决Interim award 临时裁决Preliminary award 初裁决/预裁决Partial award 部分裁决Interlocutory award 中间裁决Consent award 合意裁决Default award 缺席裁决No proper notice 未给予适当通知Unable to present the case 未能提出申辩Final 终局的Binding 有约束力第二十二章区际法律冲突与区际私法Law district 法域Interregional conflict of laws = internal conflict of laws = interprovincial conflict of laws = intercantonal conflict of laws = interstate conflict of laws = interrepublican conflict of laws 区际法律冲突/国内法律冲突（还包括国内人际法律冲突）/省际法律冲突/（瑞士）州际法律冲突/（美澳）州际法律冲突/（前苏联）共和国之间的法律冲突The interregional conflict law = interlocal conflicts law 区际私法/区际冲突法/州际冲突法/省际冲突法City state 城邦Intercolonial conflict of laws 殖民地间的法律冲突Local customary law 当地习惯法Horizontal conflict 横向冲突Vertical conflict 纵向冲突Forum non convenience 不方便法院原则Judge-making law 法官制定法Identity 相同Similarity 相似Composite legal system 复合法律制度Rules of legislative jurisdiction 立法管辖规范Foreign country 外国Free circulation 自由流通The full faith and credit clauses 完全诚意和信任条款。
国际公法(最终版)
Chapter 1近代国际法的产生:<威斯特伐利亚公约>The modern system of international law is a product of the last 400 years and generally traces its origin (begin) to the Peace of Westphalia 1648(国际法的近代体系是最近400年的产物，一般认为，1648年的威斯特伐利亚和约是近代国际法的起源)一些代表人物及其著作:Bodin 博丹Hobbes 霍布斯Machavelli 马基雅弗利Gretilis 真提利Grotius 格老秀斯De Jure Belli et Pacis <战争与和平法>Is international Law really law?Yes:No :The enforcement of international law 实施手段1.The United Nations 联合国安理会2.judicial enforcement 国际仲裁机构3.Loss of Legal rights and privileges 特权4.self-help 自卫Chapter 2Introduction: what the law is and where it can be found:分类: 1. material sources:实质上的渊源（区别）2. formal sources: 形式上的渊源1. The formal sources are those legal procedures and methods for the creations of rules of general application which are legally binding on the addressees.（形式渊源是为了制定具有一般适用性并对特定对象具有法律红束力的那些法律程序和方法）The formal sources will usually refer to constitutional mechanisms for law making(形式渊源通常是指制定法律的宪法体制。
国际经济法_英文名解汇总_纲目版[精彩]
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国际经济法_英文名解汇总_纲目版[精彩] 国际经济法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际经济法总论trade = GATT 《关税与贸易总协定》International Economic Law UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议/联合国贸发会议 Merchandise theory 重商主义学说EU 欧盟ASEAN 东南亚联盟 Absolute advantage theory 绝对优CCM 加勒比共同市场势理论学说Comparative advantage theory 比较NAFTA 北美自由贸易区优势理论学说International economic law 国际经Organization of petroleum 济法exporting countries = OPEC 石油输World bank (group) = WBG世界银行出国组织 (集团)UNCITRAL 联合国国际贸易法委员会World trade organization = WTO 世界贸易组织WIPO 世界知识产权组织International monetary fund = IMF国际货币基金组织Treaty on European union 欧盟条约第二章国际货物买卖法Law of conflict of laws 国际私法/United Nations Convention on 法律冲突法Contracts for the International Natural person 自然人Sale of Goods = CISG 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》/《销售合同公Legal person 法人约》Transnational corporations 跨国公Contract for the international 司sale of goods(国际货物买卖合同)Quasi-international agreement 准国际协议Negotiation 洽商 General agreement on tariffs andTerms of transaction 交易条件 Acceptance 承诺commitment(承诺)Inquiry 询盘Buying offer = Bid 买方发盘/递盘Late acceptance 逾期承诺Selling offer 卖方发盘Official holidays 正式假日To sign a contract 签订合同Non-business days 非营业日Offer 要约 Mirror-image rule 镜子反射规则Offeror 要约人Offeree 受要约人 Additions 添加 Invitation for offer 要约邀请Modifications 更改Quotation 报价单 Limitations 限制Material alteration 实质上的变更 Price list 价目表Catalogues 商品目录Received of the letter ofacceptance rule 到达生效原则Specific person 特定的人Corporation 公司 Sufficiently definite 十分确定Firm 商行 Cross offer 碰头要约Partnership 合伙Insurance to be effected by theWithdrawal (要约的)撤回buyer 保险由买方负责Inspection clause 检验条款Revocation (要约的)撤销Irrevocable 不可撤销Claim clause 索赔条款Reasonable time 合理的时间Confirmation of sales 销售确认书Public offer 公开发盘Contract of sales 买卖合同Concurrent condition 对流条件Electronic Data Interchange = EDI电子数据交换Departure 启运(E组术语)Delivery 交货Take delivery 受领Main carriage unpaid 主运费未付(F组术语) Shipping documents 装运单据Main carriage paid 主运费已付(C组术语) Counter-offer 反要约/还盘Arrival 到达(D组术语)Right 权利1.EXW = EX Works……(named place) Claim 要求工厂交货……(指定地点)Breach of contract 违约2.FCA = Free Carrier……(named Fundamental breach of contract 根place) 货交承运人……(指定地点)本违反合同Anticipatory breach of contract 预3.FAS = Free AlongsideShip……(named port of shipment) 期违反合同船边交货……(指定装运港)Adequate assurance of hisperformance 提供充分保证4.FOB = Free on Board……(n amedport of shipment) 船上交货……(指Damages 损害赔偿定装运港)，又称离岸价格Specific performance 实际履行5.CFR = Cost and Freight……(namedport of destination) 成本加运Repair 修理费……(指定目的港) Declare the contract avoided 宣告6.CIF = Cost Insurance and 合同无效Freight……(named port of FORC E MAJEURE (ACT OF GOD) 不可抗destination) 成本、保险费加运力费……(指定目的港)Warsaw-Oxford Rules 《华沙——牛津规则》7.CPT = Carriage paid to……(named International Rules forthe port of destination) 运费付至……Interpretation of Trade Terms = (指定目的地) Incoterms 《国际贸易术语解释通则》8.CIP = Carriage and Insurance paidto……(named port of destination)运费及保险费付至……(指定目的地)ICC 国际商会9.DAF = Delivered at 第三章国际货物运输与保险法律制Frontier……(named place) 边境交度货……(指定地点)Ship owner 船舶所有人10.DES = Delivered Ex Disponent owner 二船东Ship……(named port of destination)目的港船上交货……(指定目的港)Affreightment in a general ship 件杂货运输合同/零担运输合同/提单运11.DEQ = Delivered Ex 输Quay……( named port ofdestination) 目的港码头交货……Liner shipping 班轮运输(指定目的港)12.DDU = Delivered Duty Charter party = C/P 租船合同Unpaid……(named port ofdestination) 未完税交货……(指定Voyage charter party 航次租船合同目的地) 13.DDP = Delivered Duty Single trip C/P 单航次合同Paid……(named port of destination)完税后交货……(指定目的地)Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同14.DAPConsecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次合同 Equivalent electronic message 相Consecutive return trip C/P 连续等的电子单证往返航次租船合同 Ship's rail 船舷Contract of affreightment 包运租Document transaction 单证交易船合同Standard form 标准合同形式Specific goods 特定货物Gencon “金康”合同Unascertained goods 非特定货物Safety port clause 安全港条款Specified goods 特定化货物Always floating clause 永远漂浮状In transit 路货态条款 Tender or delivery of goods 提供Time charter party 定期租船合同或交付的货物Baltime 波尔泰定期租船合同Conclusive evidence 绝对证据Bareboat charter party = charter byShipped (or on board) B/L 已装船demise 光船租赁合同提单 Contract of affreightment 海上货Received for shipped B/L 收货待运物运输包运合同/海上货物运输总合提单/备运提单同 Dock receipt 场站收据Combined transport 联合运输Straight B/L 记名提单Combined transport contract 多式联运合同 Bearer B/L = open or blank B/L 不Frustration 合同受阻记名提单/空白提单/持票人提单Due diligence to make the ship Bearer 持有人 seaworthiness 谨慎处理使船舶处于To bearer 交与持有人适航的状态Deviation 绕航 Order B/L 指示提单Freight 运费Freight prepaid 预付运费To order 凭指示To order of ... 凭某某人指示Freight to collect 到付运费Clean B/L 清洁提单Dead freight 亏舱费/空舱费In apparent good order andcondition 上列外表状况良好Demurrage 滞期费General average contribution 共同Unclean B/L = claused B/L = foul B/L 海损费用不清洁提单 Package limitation of liability 单Mate's receipt 大副收据位责任限制Sea waybill 海运单Letter of indemnity 保函Bill of lading = B/L 提单Long form B/L 全式提单/繁式提单Prima facie evidence 初步证据Short form B/L 简式提单/略式提单Direct B/L 直达提单则》Vessel and nationality 船名和船舶Transshipment B/L 转船提单国籍Ports of loading and unloading andthrough B/L 联运提单of call 装货地和目的地或中途停靠港地 Ocean through B/L 海上联运提单Description ofgoods,marks,packages,numbers,measurement or weight 货物品名、标志、Contracting carrier 订约承运人包装、件数、体积或重量Successive carriers 连续的承运人Freight and charges 运费和应当给付承运人的其他费用On-carrier 接运承运人Date of signing at ... 提单签发的Actual carrier 实际承运人日期、地点和分数Signed by carrier master 承运人或Pure ocean through B/L 纯海上联运船长签署提单 Name of vessel 船名Combined transport B/L 多式联运提单 Carrier 承运人 Liner B/L 班轮提单Shipper 托运人Consignee 收货人 Charter party B/L 租船提单Notify party 通知人On deck B/L 舱面提单/甲板提单To be notified 需通知On deck risk 甲板险Freight payment 运费支付Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Jurisdiction clause 管辖权条款Advanced B/L 预借提单Paramount clause 首要条款Electronic B/L 电子提单Carrier's liability clause 承运人责任条款 CMI Rules for Electronic Bill of Lading 《国际海事委员会电子提单规Period of carrier's responsibilityclause 承运人责任期间条款Special endorsement 特定背书Loading,Discharging and Delivery International Convention for the Clause 装货、卸货和交货条款Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bill of Lading = TheHague Rules 《统一提单的若干法律Package limitation 赔偿责任限额规定的国际公约》/《海牙规则》Deck cargo and live animals clause From tackle to tackle “钩至钩”甲板货和活动物条款原则Common carrier 公共承运人Cargo in container clause 集装箱货物条款Private carrier 私人承运人Forwarding,Substitute ofvessel,Through carriage andHarter Act 《哈特法》Transhipment clause 转运、换船、联运与转船条款General average clause 共同海损条Seaworthiness 船舶适航的标准款New Jason Clause 新杰森条款Loading 装货Handling 搬移 Both to blame collision clause 互Stowage 配载有过失碰撞条款Carrying 运送 Original B/L 正本提单Custody and caring 保管和照料Copy 副本Discharging 卸货 Non-negotiable 不能流通Navigation of ship 驾驶船舶Letter of indemnity 保函Management of ship 管理船舶Defraud a third party 对第三者有Actual fault or privity 实际过失欺诈的意图或私谋 Endorsement 背书Inherent vice 固有缺陷Assignor 出让人Assignee 受让人 Latent defect 潜在缺陷Endorsement in blank 空白背书Ejusdem genesis rule 同类规则Uniform Rules for a CombinedTransport Document 1973 《联运单证统一规则》 Protocol to Amend theInternational Convention for the Combined transport operator 多式Unification of Certain Rules of Law 联运经营人/联运人 Relating to Bills of Lading = The Principal 本人Visby Rules 《关于修订统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约议定书》/《维Multimodal transport document 多斯比规则》式联运单证 Special drawing right = SDR 特别Ocean bill of lading 海洋提单提款权Breach of contract 违约Way bill 铁路运单Air waybill 航空货运单/空运单Tort 侵权行为Himalayan clause 喜马拉雅条款Convention for Unification ofCertain Rules Relating toInternational Transportation by Independent contractor 独立的承包Air = Warsaw Convention 《统一国商际航空运输某些规则的公约》/1929年United Nations Convention on 《华沙公约》 Carriage of Goods by Sea 《1978年Hague Protocal 《修改1927年10月联合国海上货物运输公约》/《汉堡规12日在华沙签订的国际航空运输某些则》规则的公约的议定书》/《海牙议定书》Common understanding 共同谅解书Guadalajara convention 《统一非订International multimodal 约承运人所办国际航空运输某些规则transport 国际多式联运以补充华沙公约的公约》/《瓜达拉哈拉公约》 International multimodal Air consignment note = ACN 空运单transport of goods 国际货物多式联证/空运托运单运 CIM 国际铁路货物运输公约Container 集装箱Container freight station = CFS 集CMR 国际公路货物运输公约装箱货运站Port to port 港到港Wilful misconduct 故意的不当行为Door to door 门到门运输Insurance broker 保险经纪人The slip 承保条Principle of indemnity 损失补偿Insurance policy 保险单Marine insurance 海上保险/水险Proximate 近因原则Valued policy 定值保单Perils of the sea 海上风险/海难Valued insurance 定值保险合同Natural calamity 自然灾害Unvalued policy 不定值保单Fortuitous accidents 意外事故Unvalued insurance 不定值保险合同Extraneous risks 外来风险Total loss 全部损失Voyage 航程保单Time policy 定期保单Actual total loss 实际全损Open policy 预约保险合同/预约保单Constructive total (loss) 推定全/开口保单损 Original slip 原始承保条Partial loss 部分损失Floating policy 流动保险合同/流动Particular average = P.A. 单独海保单损 Insurable interest 保险利益/可保General average = G.A. 共同海损利益Legal interest 法律所认可的利益General average contribution 共同海损分摊 Pecuniary interest 经济上的利益Sue and labour expenses 诉讼与营救费用 Definite interest 确定的利益Salvage charges 救助费用Utmost good faith 绝对诚信Abandonment 委付Subrogation 代位求偿Disclosure 告知Warranty 保证Free from particular average 平安Promissory warranty 允诺的担保Strikes risk 罢工险险/单独海损不赔With particular average 水渍险On deck risk 舱面险All risks 一切险Import duty risk 进口关税险Additional risks 附加险Rejection risk 拒收险General additional risks 一般附加险Failure to deliver risk 交货不到Theft,pilferage and non-delivery 险偷窃提货不着险Rain fresh water damage 淡水雨淋险Risk of shortage 短量险第四章国际贸易结算与支付法律制度 Risk of contamination 玷污险International payment 国际支付Risk of leakage 渗漏险Foreign exchange control 外汇管制International Monetary Fund = IMF Risk of clashing & breakage 碰损国际货币基金组织破碎险 Risk of odour 串味险Forward transaction 远期外汇交易Damage caused by sweating & or Swap transaction 掉期交易heating 受潮受热险Currency option 外币期权交易Risk damage 钩损险Bill 票据 Loss of damage caused by breakage Drawer 出票人 of packing 包装破裂险Drawee = payer受票人/付款人Risk of rusting 锈损险Payee 受款人 Special additional risk 特别附加Negotiation 权利转让险Assignment 债权让与War risk 战争险Beneficiary's bank 受益人银行Predecessors 前手Holder for value 付了对价的持票人Remittance 汇付/顺汇Holder in due course 正当持票人Reverse remittance 逆汇Protected holder 受保护持票人Collection 托收Letter of credit 信用证Bill of exchange = draft = bill 汇票 Remitter 汇款人 Promissory note 本票Remitting bank 汇出行Check = cheque 支票Paying bank 汇入行Issue 出票 Payee 收款人Mail transfer = M/T 信汇Preparation 做成Delivery 交付Telegraphic transfer = T/T 电汇Endorsement 背书Presentment 提示 Demand draft = D/D 票汇Acceptance 承兑Payment in advance 预付货物Payment 付款Dishonour 拒付Payment after arrival of goods 货Recourse 追索到付款 Electronic funds transfer = EFT 电Banker's demand draft 银行即期汇子资金划拨票Originator 发端人 Remittance against documents 凭单Beneficiary 受益人付款Principal = customer 委托人/本人/Originator's bank 发端人银行/接受(银行的)客户发端人支付指令的银行Subagent 代理人的代理人Intermediary bank 中间银行Remittance letter 托收委托书Privity of contract 合同关系Confirming bank 保兑行Remitting bank 托收行Paying bank 付款行Collecting bank 代收行Transferee = second beneficiary 受让人/第二受益人 Drawee 付款人/汇票受票人L/C:Letter of Credit(信用证) Reimbursing bank 偿付银行/清算银Clean collection 光票托收行Documentary L/C 跟单信用证Documentary collection 跟单托收Clean L/C 光票信用证Documents against payment = D/P 付款交单Revocable L/C 可撤销信用证Documents against acceptance = D/A承兑交单Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证Uniform Rules on the Collection = URC 《托收统一规则》URC522Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证Collection order 托收指令Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑信用证Collection instruction 托收指示Sight L/C 即期信用证Discount 贴现Usance L/C 远期信用证Application form 开证申请书Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Applicant 开证申请人Divisible L/C 可分割信用证Issuing bank 开证行Revolving L/C 循环信用证Advising bank 通知行Non-revolving L/C 非循环信用证Beneficiary 受益人Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Negotiating bank 议付行Standby L/C 备用信用证/担保信用证receivables 国际应收款的转让/保证信用证/履约信用证International assignment ofBinding promise 有约束力的允诺receivables 应收款的国际转让Uniform Customs and Practice for Notification of the assignment 转Documentary Credit = UCP 《跟单信让通知用证统一惯例》UCP600Payment instruction 付款指示All discrepancies 全部不符点Competing creditors 竞合求偿人Accounting receivable = A/R 应收Trust receipt T/P 信托收据账款Factoring 保理 International factoring 国际保付Forfaiting = invoice discounting 代理/国际保理福费廷/发票贴现/包买票据第五章 WTO与中国的对外贸易管理Securitization 资产证券化制度GATT 关税与贸易总协定Project financing 项目融资WTO 世界贸易组织 The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law = UNCITRAL IMF 国际货币基金组织联合国国际贸易法委员会Round (各轮贸易谈判)回合Origin contract 原始合同Plurilateral trade agreement 诸边Assignment contract 转让合同贸易协议/复边贸易协议Marrakesh Agreement Assignment 转让onEstablishing the World Trade Assignor 转让人 Organization 《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》/《WTO协定》Assignee 受让人Obligor 债务人Forum 场所 Subsequent assignment 后继转让Doha development agenda = DDA 多哈发展议程 Assignment of internationalContracting party 缔约方Decision: Accession of thePeople's Republic of China 《关于中华人民共和国加入的决定》Member 成员方Separate customs territory 单独关Protocol on the Accession of the 税区 People's Republic of China 《中华Chinese Taipei 中华台北人民共和国加入WTO议定书》Free riding 免费搭车Report of the Working Party on theAccession of China 《中国加入工作组报告》 Ministerial conference 部长会议Protocol of ProvisionalApplication = PPA = Grandfather General council 总理事会clause 《临时适用议定书》/祖父条款Council 理事会 Marrakesh Protocol to the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 Committee 委员会《1994年GATT马拉喀什议定书》Dispute Settlement Body &Appellate Body 争端解决机构与上诉1.Agreement on Agriculture 《农业机构协定》 Secretariat 秘书处2.Agreement on the Application ofSanitary and Phytosanitary Most-favored-nation Treatment = Measures = SPS 《实施卫生与植物卫MFN 最惠国待遇原则生措施协定》3.Agreement on Textiles and GSP 普遍优惠制 Clothing = ATC 《纺织品与服装协定》Enabling clause 授权条款Multifibre Arrangement = MFA 《国National treatment 国民待遇际纺织品贸易协定》/《多种纤维协定》GATS 《服务贸易总协定》4.Agreement on Technical Barriersto Trade = TBT 《技术性贸易壁垒协定》 Schedule 减让表5.Agreement on Trade-Related TRIPS 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》Investment Measures = TRIMs 《与贸易有关的投资措施协定》/TRIMs 协Transparency 透明度原则议6.Agreement on Antidumping = ADMovement of personnel 自然人流动《反倾销协定》Material injury 实质性损害Horizontal commitments 水平承诺7.Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Sector-specific commitments 部门Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 《海承诺关估价协定》/《关于履行GATT1994Plurilateral trade agreement 复边第7条的协定》协议 8.Agreement on Preshipment Trade Policy Review Mechanism = Inspection = PSI 《装运前检验协定》TPRM 贸易政策评审机制9.Agreement on Rules of Origin = RO Sunset clause 日落条款《原产地规则协定》Material injury 实质损害10.Agreement on Import LicensingProcedures 《进口许可程序协定》Close Economic PartnershipArrangement = CEPA 《内地与香港/11.Agreement on Subsidies and 澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安Countervailing Measures = SCM 《补排》贴与反补贴措施协定》/《反补贴协定》Economic Cooperation FrameworkAgreement = ECFA 《两岸经济合作架12.Agreement on Safeguards = SG 构协议》《保障措施协定》Serious injury 严重损害第六章国际投资法 General Agreement on Trade in UNCTAD 联合国贸发会议services = GATS 《服务贸易总协定》Equity joint venture 中外合资经营Specific commitments 具体承诺开价企业/股权式合营企业单Schedule of specific commitments Contractual joint venture 中外合作经营企业/契约式合营企业具体义务承诺表Cross-border supply 跨境提供Wholly owned foreign enterprise 外商独资企业 Consumption abroad 境外消费Build-Operate-Transfer = BOT 建设——经营——转让 Commercial presence 商业存在Build-Own-Operate-Transfer = BOOT 贸易有关的投资措施协定》/TRIMs 协建设——拥有——经营——转让议Build-Own-Operate = BOO 建设——第七章国际金融法拥有——经营 Bank for International Settlement Build-= BIS 国际清算银行Lease-Transfer = BLT 建设——租赁——转让Build-Transfer-Operate = BTO 建设Purchase 购买——转让——经营 Repurchase 重购Stabilization clause 稳定条款Draw 提取Special drawing right = SDR 特别Lex contractus = law of the parties 提款权契约条款法/当事人法World Bank Group = WBG 世界银行集团 Association of Southeast AsianNations = ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟/东The International Bank forReconstruction and Development = 盟IBRD 国际复兴开发银行North America Free Trade Agreement= NAFTA 《北美自由贸易协定》The International FinanceCorporation = IFC 国际金融公司FTAA 美洲自由贸易区The International Development Convention on the Settlement of Association = IDA 国际开发协会Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States 《解决国家与他国国民之间投资争议公International Center for theSettlement of Investment Disputes 约》/《华盛顿公约》= ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心International Center for theSettlement of Investment Disputes Multilateral Investment Guarantee = ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心Agency = MIGA 多边投资担保机构Multilateral Investment Guarantee Operations evaluation department = Agency = MIGA 《多边投资担保机构OED 评价检查部门公约》/《汉城公约》Hard loan 硬贷款/世界银行贷款Agreement on Trade-Related Soft loan 软贷款/国际开发协会援助Investment Measures = TRIMs 《与贷款Blend 混合贷款Governing law and jurisdiction 法United Nations Centre on律适用和司法管辖条款Transnational Corporations 联合国跨国公司中心Assignment 权利或义务的让与The Basle Committee on BankingSupervision 巴塞尔银行监管委员会Set-off 抵消条款 London Inter-Bank Offered Rated = Events of default 违约事件条款LIBOR 伦敦同业银行拆放率Syndicated loan = Corporate Definition and interpretation 定Finance 国际辛迪加贷款/国际商业义与释义银团贷款/银团贷款 Loan currency 贷款货币Lead manager 经理行Loan amount 贷款金额Term sheet 贷款条件清单Purpose for loan 贷款的用途Mandate letter 委任书Condition precedent 贷款的先决条Commitment letter 义务承担书件条款Final maturity and disbursement 贷Information memorandum 信息备忘录款期限和发放 Interest rate and interest 贷款的Novation = substitution 更新/合同利率和利息更新/合同替代 Representation and warranties 陈Assignment 让与述与保证Sub-loans 转贷款 Covenant 约定事项Transferable loan certificate = 保证Negative pledge 消极保证条款/TLC 可转让贷款证不作为条款Transferable participating Pari passu covenant 平等地位条款certificate = TPC 可转让贷款参与证 Financial covenant 财务约定事项 Transferable loan instrument = TLI可转让贷款票据 Repayment 贷款的偿还Lead manager 牵头银行/经理银行Pre-repayment 贷款的提前偿还Agent bank 代理银行播组织罗马公约》Copyright and Related Rights 版权Participant 参与贷款银行和邻接权Trademark 商标Project finance 国际项目贷款Geographical indications 地理标志Take or pay contract 提货或付款协Industrial designs 工业品外观设计议Patent 专利权第八章知识产权国际保护的法律制Cross-license 交叉许可度Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects Layout-designs of integrate of Intellectual Property Rights = circuits 集成电路布图设计/拓扑图TRIPS 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》IPIC 《集成电路知识产权条约》/Convention Establishing World 《IPIC条约》 Intellectual PropertyOrganization 《建立世界知识产权组Protection of undisclosedinformation 未披露信息的保护织公约》World Intellectual PropertyOrganization = WIPO 世界知识产权Contractual licences 协议许可组织Paris Convention for the Madrid Agreement Concerning the Protection of Industrial Property International Registration of 《保护工业产权巴黎公约》Marks 《商标国际注册马德里协定》/《马德里协定》Berne Convention for the Nice Agreement Concerning the Protection of Literary and International Classification of Artistic Works 《保护文学艺术作品Goods and Services for the Purpose 伯尔尼公约》/《伯尔尼公约》of the Registration of Marks 《商标注册用商品和服务国际分类尼斯协定》/《尼斯协定》 Universal Copyright ConventionHologram mark 全息商标《世界版权公约》Rome Convention for the Protectionof Performers, Producers of Patent Co-operation Treaty 《专利Phonograms and Broadcasting 合作条约》Organizations = Rome Convention International Patent 《保护表演者、录音制品制作者与广Classification = IPC 国际专利分类Tax-systematic double taxation 税法制性双重征税Juridical double taxation 法律性第九章国际税法双重征税 Tax residence 税收居所Economic double taxation 经济性双重征税 The source of income 所得来源地/Method of tax exemption 免税法/豁所得来源国免法 Substantial presence test 实际存Method of full exemption 全额免税在标准法 OECD 经济合作与发展组织Method of exemption withprogression 累进免税法The tie-breaker clause 序列选择性冲突规范的解决原则Method of tax deduction 扣除法Effective management 实际管理Method of tax credit = foreign taxcredit 抵免法/外国税收抵免Principle of permanentestablishment 常设机构原则Full credit 全额抵免Distinct place 显著的地点Ordinary credit 限额抵免/普通抵免 Stability, productivity, Limitation on credit 抵免限额dependence 稳定性、生产性和依附性Direct credit 直接抵免Associated permanentestablishment 关联性常设机构Indirect credit 间接抵免Unassociated permanentestablishment 非关联性常设机构Dividend-deduction system 股息扣除制 Dependent agent 非独立地位的代理Split-rate system 分劈税率制/双税人率制 Principle of fixed base 固定基地Imputation credit system 归集抵免原则制/估算抵免制 International double non-taxation Schedular treatment 其他处理法国际双重免税International tax sparing credit = International tax treaty 国际税收shadow tax credit 国际税收绕让抵协定/国际税收条约免/饶让抵免/影子税收抵免/虚构抵Tax treaty shopping 滥用国际税收免协定/套用税收协定 Tax evasion 逃税 Direct conduit company 直接导管公Tax avoidance 避税司Stepping-stone conduit company 踏Tax refugee 税收逃难者脚导管公司The abstinence approach 禁止法Associated enterprises 跨国关联企业/联属企业 The exclusion approach 排除法Transfer pricing = Transferring price 转移定价/转让价格/划拨价格The look-through approach 透视法Arm's length deal 公平市场上的正Beneficiary owner 受益所有人常交易Tax haven 避税港/避税地The subject-to-tax approach 征税法Base company 基地公司The channel approach 渠道法Thin capitalization 资本弱化The derivative approach 衍生法Foreign source income 外国来源所得第十章国际经济争端处理法律制度Deferral of domestic taxation 延期纳税/国内纳税递延Mediation or conciliation 调解Unitary entity theory 单一实体论Arbitration 仲裁/公断Separate entity theory 独立实体论International arbitration =Inter-state arbitration国际仲裁/Controlled foreign company = CFC 国家间仲裁受控外国公司Domestic arbitration 国内仲裁Agreement on Exchange ofInformation in Tax Matters 《税收事务情报交换协定》International commercialarbitration = transnationalarbitration 国际商事仲裁/跨国仲Delocalized arbitration 非内国化裁或非地方化仲裁 Subject-matter 客体Anchored 定位于Floating 浮动的 Commercial 商事 Understanding on Rules and Arbitration court of International Procedures Governing the Chamber of Commerce 国际商会仲裁Settlement of Disputes = DSU 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》院CIETAC 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员Dispute settlement body = DSB 争会端解决机构 CMAC 中国海事仲裁委员会Negative consensus 全体一致否决/反向协商一致 Arbitration clause 仲裁条款Good offices, conciliation,mediation 斡旋、调解和调停Submission agreement 仲裁议定书Composition 组成 Lex arbitri 仲裁地法Compliance panel 相符性专家组/21.5条专家组.Country of origin 裁决地法。
国 际 公 法(完整版)
绪论●国际公法源于罗马法中的市民法和万民法(适用于外国人之间以及外国人与罗马公民之间的法律)。
本国人限用市民法，对在罗马境内的外国人则区别对待，用万民法进行规范调解。
万民法是涉外法律，被看成是国际公法的起源。
国际公法是用来调节国与国之间，非人之间。
●国际公法VS国际私法国际私法：标的物、行为人、行为发生地；涉外的，两国以上因素。
用来确定适用哪国法律。
又称“冲突法”，再次形成所谓国与国之间的文明。
适用国内法，如：跨国婚姻。
国际公法：国与国之间的协议，不是冲突法。
国与国之间的行为，不可强制执行，无立法机关，无强制力，自觉执行。
几个国家签订的协议，缔约国之间有约束力。
若违反，国对国的报复，如：越南VS美国。
强制力有伸缩性，不像国内法。
国际法是弱法，是法律的边缘，相当于君子协议，不能当合同。
国际法院在两者都无法断清时，确认由此第三者判断、执行，前提是双方当事人都愿意交给其办理才有管辖权。
一方签条约时有保留意见。
国家定居的居民、国籍、人民领陆：取得（征服、先占、时效、添附、转让）、变更、划界、极地国家确定的领土领海：领海、毗连区、专属经济区、大陆架、公国际法主体海、无害通过领空：航空、外层空间政府、外交、领事主权（国家不受地方法院管辖）：管辖权、引渡、庇护、豁免国际法权、国家责任国际组织联合国区域性国家组织国际法客体：主体的相关行为、活动国际法早期国际组织不算国际法主体，是联合国努力下的成果，有国际法院解释国际上某些组织是国际法的主体，不过欧盟是被回避讨论的组织●国家四要素：领土、固定的居民、政权（前三者无争议）+主权（？争议）●国际经济法：投资法、税法等其实是各国自己制定规则等，还是各国国内的经济法第一章国际法发展史国际法在不同文明的发展（发源于西方国家，在其他国家则不发达）●中国清朝，明治未开（人民包括官吏对于政权主权认识不明，如日本间谍只要贿赂一点钱即可返回日本），五四运动是文明第一步。
起因，《凡尔赛合约》不平等，德国为战败国，中国为战胜国，将德国占领中国领土转让给日本管理，引起学生抗争。
国际公法学复习重点笔记整理
国际公法复习笔记整理第1章导论1. Institut de droit international 国际法研究院，亦称国际法学会（Society of International Law），世界性的民间学术团体，1873年由英国、意大利、俄罗斯等9国11名学者在比利时根特城开立；1874年在日内瓦召开第一次会议；活动范围：制定国际法一般原则，协助国际法编纂，为维持和平和遵循战争法作贡献，解释国际法问题，提供法律意见等。
2. jus civile & jus gentium市民法和万民法，由古罗马法学家盖尤斯提出，采属人主义原则，同为早期罗马法的两大组成部分。
市民法只适用于罗马公民，以《十二铜表法》为基础；万民法适用于外国人之间，外国人与罗马人之间，由罗马外事裁判官的司法实践逐渐发展起来，本质上仍属罗马国内法，盖尤斯认为万民法就是自然法，体现了自然理性，普遍正义的理念。
二者最终融合。
3. Westphalia Congress 威斯特伐里亚公会，1643-1648为结束欧洲30年战争而召开，签订了《威斯特伐里亚和约》，确定了主权平等、领土主权、不得违反国际条约等国际法重要原则，标志着近代国际法的开端。
4. Austin 奥斯丁[英国]，实在法学派代表，把国际法称为“实在道德”，对国际法持否定态度。
5. Victoria 维多利亚[西班牙]，提出“国家间的法”的名称。
6. Zouche 苏支[英国]，牛津大学教授兼海事法官，代表作《万国法的解释和一些有关的问题》，以“万国法”取代了“国家间的法”。
7. Bentham边沁[英国]，实在法学派代表，在《道德及立法原则绪论》中，把“万国法”改为“国际法”，因此，国际法学界都认为他是首先使用“国际法”这个名称的人。
8. 就国际法的效力根据，国际法不同学派做出的不同回答。
《国际公法学》-6国际法的效力根据，也称为国际法的根据（basis of international law），是指国际法为什么对国家和其他国际法主体有拘束力，换言之，国际法对国际法主体具有约束力的根据和基础是什么？这是国际法的一个基本理论问题，法学家对此问题的不同看法形成了各种不同的理论学派。
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国际公法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际法导论International law 国际法Jus civile 市民法Jus gentium 万民法Jus inter gentes = law of nations 万国法/万国公法Positive morality 实在道德International comity 国际礼让Treaty on European Union = Treaty of Maastricht 《欧洲联盟条约》/《马斯特里赫特条约》Naturalists 自然法学派Solidarists 社会连带法学派Normativists 规范法学派Positivists 实在法学派Sources of law = sources du droit = fontes juris 法律渊源Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论第二章国际法基本原则Jus cogens 强行法/强制法/绝对法Sovereignty 主权The Right of People to Self-determination 民族自决权第三章国际法主体Single State 单一国Federation 联邦Confederation 邦联Protected State 被保护国Permanent Ueutralized State 永久中立国Fundamental Right 基本权利Secondary Rights 派生权利Right of Independence 独立权Right of Equality 平等权Right of Self-preservation 自保权Right of Jurisdiction 国家管辖权Territorial Jurisdiction 属地管辖权/属地优越权Personal Jurisdiction = nationality jurisdiction = active personality principle 属人管辖权/国籍管辖/积极国籍管辖Protective Jurisdiction = passive personality principle 保护性管辖权/消极国籍管辖Universal Jurisdiction 普遍性管辖权Judicial immunities 外国国家的司法豁免权Recognition 国际法上的承认Effective control 有效统治Succession 国际法上的继承第四章国际法上的居民Nationality 国籍Inhabitant 居民Original nationality 原始国籍/出生国籍Jus sanguinis 血统主义Jus soli 出生地主义Acquired nationality 因加入而取得国籍Naturalization 入籍/归化Release 放弃（国籍）Deprive 剥夺（国籍）Dual nationality 双重国籍Active conflicts 国籍的积极抵触Stateless person 无国籍人Passive conflicts 国籍的消极抵触Alien 外国人Deportation 驱逐出境National treatment = doctrine of equality of treatment = NT 国民待遇/平等待遇原则International standard of treatment “文明世界”的“国际标准”/“最低标准”Most favorable national treatment = MFNT 最惠国待遇Differential treatment 差别待遇Extradition 引渡Principle of Non-extradition of Political Offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Attentat clause = Assassination Clause 行刺条款/比利时行刺条款/暗杀条款Principle of identity 相同原则/罪名同一原则/双重犯罪原则Principle of speciality 罪行特定原则/罪名专用原则或专一原则Asylum 庇护Territorial asylum 领域庇护/域内庇护Extra-territorial asylum 域外庇护Refugee 难民Nansen passport 南森护照Convention refugees 公约难民Mandate refugees 章程难民Principle of non-refoulement 不推回原则/禁止驱逐、送还原则Diplomatic protection 外交保护Doctrine of continuous nationality 国籍连续原则Exhaustion of local remedies 用尽国内救济原则Calvo clause 卡尔沃条款Calvo doctrine 卡尔沃主义第五章国家法律责任International responsibility 国际法律责任/国际责任Primary rules 确定合法、非法的行为规则/是非规则/首要规则Secondary rules 国际法律责任规则/一般法律责任规则/责任规则/次级规则Distress 危难Necessity 危急情况Restitution 恢复原状Reparation 广义赔偿Compensation 狭义赔偿/经济赔偿Satisfaction 抵偿第六章领土法Land territory 领陆Territory Waters 领水Air space 领空Subsoil beneath state territory 底土Enclave 飞地Ownership 所有权Domination 统治权Condominium 共管Leased territory 租借International servitude 国际地役Internal waters 内水Internal rivers 内河Boundary rivers 界河Non-national rivers 多国河流International rivers 国际河流Inter-oceanic canals 通洋运河Occupation 先占/占领Vacant land 无主地Effective occupation 有效占领Prescription 时效Accretion 添附Cession 割让Conquest 征服Plebiscite 全民投票/全民公决Self-determination of peoples 民族自决The exchange of territory 交换领土Reversionary rights 收复失地Boundaries of state territory 国家边界第七章国际海洋法The common heritage of mankind 人类共同继承财产The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Base line 基线Normal baseline 正常基线Straight baseline 直线基线Archipelagic baseline 群岛基线Innocent passage 无害通过Contiguous zone 毗连区/邻接区/海上特别区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区Continental shelf 大陆架High seas 公海Flag of convenience 方便旗Right of visit 登临权/临检权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权Straits used for international navigation 用于国际航行的海峡Transit passage 过境通行Archipelagic waters 群岛水域Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage 群岛海道通过权International sea-bed area 国际海底区域Single exploitation system 单一开发制Parallel exploitation system 平行开发制第八章国际航空法Air defence identification zone = ADIZ 防空识别区/空中识别区Cabotage 国内载运权The International Civil Aviation Organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织Dol = wilful misconduct （承运人的）加害行为/故意造成损害的不法行为/故意的行为/不在乎地不顾后果的行为Two tier liability “双梯度”责任制度/两级责任制Aut dedere aut judicare 或引渡或起诉原则Aut dedere aut punier 或引渡或处罚第九章外层空间法Outer space 外层空间第十章国际环境法Sustainable development 可持续发展Pollution from vessels 船舶污染Pollution by dumping 控制海洋倾倒Pollution from land-based sources 陆源污染第十一章外交关系法Consular provision 委任文凭Consular exequatur 领事证书第十三章国际条约法The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 《维也纳条约法公约》Treaty 条约Convention 公约Convention 专约Agreement 协定Protocol 议定书Final act 最后议定书/蒇事议定书Covenant 盟约Charter 宪章Statute 规约Exchange of Notes 换文Declaration 宣言Joint statement 联合声明Bilateral treaty 双边条约Multilateral treaty 多边条约Negotiation （条约）谈判Full power 全权证书Adoption 议定Authentication 认证Signature 签署Ratification 批准Accession 加入Reservation 保留Registration 登记Publication 公布Pacta sunt servanda 条约必须遵守原则Pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt 约定对第三者既无损，也无益Termination 条约的终止Invalidation 条约的失效Suspension 条约的暂停施行/条约的中止/条约的停止施行Interpretation 条约的解释Revision 条约的修订Amendment 条约的修正Modification 条约的修改第十四章国际组织法International organization 国际组织Inter-governmental organization 政府间组织International institutional law 国际组织法Concert of Europe 欧洲协商Non-governmental organization 非政府间国际组织Organization of petroleum exporting countries = OPEC 石油输出机构/石油输出国组织Organization for economic cooperation and development = OECD 经济协力开发机构/经济合作与发展组织/经合组织General Assembly 联合国大会Security Council 安全理事会/安理会Economic and Social Council 经济与社会理事会/经社理事会Trusteeship Council 托管理事会International Court of Justice 国际法院Secretariat 秘书处Specialized International Organization 专门性国际组织Specialized Agencies 联合国专门机构International telecommunication union = ITU 国际电信联盟Universal postal union = UPU 万国邮政联盟World meteorological organization = WMO 世界气象组织World health organization = WHO 世界卫生组织International labour organization = ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations = FAO 联合国粮食及农业组织/联合国粮农组织United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization = UNESCO 联合国教科文组织International monetary fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织International bank for reconstruction and development = IBRD 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行International civil aviation organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织International finance corporation = IFC 国际金融公司International maritime organization = IMO 国际海事组织International development association = IDA 国际开发协会World intellectual property organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织International fund of agricultural development = IFAD 国际农业发展基金（组织）United Nations Industrial Development Organization = UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织World trade organization = WTO 世界贸易组织International atomic energy agency = IAEA 国际原子能机构Collective security 集体安全保障Peace-keeping operations = PKO 联合国维持和平行动Regional organization 区域性国际组织Organization of American States = OAS美洲国家组织Arab League = League of Arab States = AL = LAS 阿拉伯国家联盟/阿拉伯联盟/阿盟African union = AU 非洲联盟/非盟Organization of African Unity = OAU 非洲统一组织/非统组织Association of Southeast Asian Nations = ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟/东盟European community = EC 欧洲共同体ECSC 欧洲煤钢共同体EUBATOM 欧洲原子能共同体EEC 欧洲经济共同体European union = EU 欧洲联盟Shanghai Cooperation Organization =SCO 上海合作组织/上合组织Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation organization = APEC 亚太经合组织第十五章国际人权法Human Rights 人权The responsibility to protect 保护的责任The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 《世界人权宣言》The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》The International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights 《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》第十六章国际刑法International criminal law 国际刑法International crimes 国际犯罪The direct enforcement model 直接执行模式The indirect enforcement model 间接执行模式International penal judicial assistance 国际刑事司法协助Extradition 引渡Principle of non-extradition of political offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Assassination Clause = Attentat clause 行刺条款/暗杀条款/比利时行刺条款Transfer jurisdiction of criminal procedure 刑事诉讼移管/刑事诉讼移转管辖Recognition and enforcement of foreign penal judgements 外国刑事判决的承认和执行International criminal jurisdiction 国际刑事管辖第十七章国际争端法International disputes 国际争端Legal disputes = justiciable disputes 法律性质的争端/可裁判的争端Political disputes = Non-justiciable disputes 政治性质的争端/不可裁判的争端Compulsive means 强制方法Negotiation 谈判Consultation 协商Good office 斡旋Mediation 调停International inquiry 国际调查/调查Conciliation 和解/调解Bryan peace treaties 《布赖恩和平条约》/冷却条约International arbitration 国际仲裁/国际公断Jay treaty 杰伊条约Permanent court of arbitration 常设仲裁法院Judicial settlement 司法解决The permanent court of international justice 常设国际法院International court of justice 国际法院Contentious jurisdiction 诉讼管辖权Optional compulsory jurisdiction 任意强制管辖Connally reservation 康纳利保留条款Advisory jurisdiction 咨询管辖权Regional agency = Regional arrangement 区域机关/区域办法第十八章战争法Law of war 战争法Law of armed conflict 武装冲突法Animo belligerendi 交战意向Jus ad bellum 诉诸战争权Suspension of arms 停战Surrender 投降International humanitarian law 国际人道法Crimes against humanity 违反人道罪War time neutrality 战时中立War neutrality law 战时中立法Permanent neutralized state 永久中立国/中立化国家War crimes 战争犯罪欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。