毕业设计变压器外文翻译
变压器英译词汇表
变压器有关名词术语英译词汇表A GLOSSARY FOR ENGLISHTRANSLATION OF TRANSFORMERTERMINOLLGYⅠ、基础词汇Voltage combination (of a transformer) 1（变压器的）电压组合2额定电压．Rated voltage3额定电流Rated current4额定容量Rated power5额定电压比Rated voltage ratioNo-load current(exciting current) 6空载电流（激磁电流）7空载损耗No-load loss8负载损耗Load loss9附加损耗Additional losses10杂散损耗Stray losses11阻抗电压Impedance voltage12电阻电压Resistance voltage13电抗电压Reactance voltage14电压调整率Voltage regulation15相位差Phase displacement16零序阻抗Zero-sequence impedance17频率：工频Frequency ,power-frequency中频Medium frequency高频High frequency18震荡频率Oscillating frequency19谐振频率Resonance frequency20自振频率Natural frequency of vibration21频率响应Frequency response22绝缘强度Dielectric strength ,insulation strength 23主绝缘Main insulation24纵绝缘Longitudinal insulation25介电常数Dielectric constant26油-纸绝缘系统Oil-paper insulation system27绝缘击穿Insulation breakdown28沿面放电（爬电）Creeping discharge29放电Discharge30局部放电Partial discharge31破坏性放电Disruptive discharge32局部放电起始电压Partial discharge inception voltage33局部放电终止电压Partial discharge extinction voltage34过电压Overvoltage35短时过电压Short time overvoltage36暂态过电压Transient overvoltage37操作过电压Switching overvoltage38大气过电压Atmospheric covervoltage39额定耐受电压Rated withstand voltage40短时工频耐受电压Short-duration power-frequencywithstand voltage41额定雷电(操作)冲击耐受电压Rated lightning (switching)impulse withstand voltage42屏蔽Shielding43静电屏蔽Electrostatic shielding44磁屏蔽Magnetic shielding45标准大气条件Standard atmospheric condition46视在电荷Apparent charge47全波雷电冲击Full wave lightning impulse48截波雷电冲击Chopped wave lightning impulse49冲击伏秒特性Voltage time characteristics of impulse 50爬电距离Creepage distance51体积电阻Volume resistance52截断时间Time to chopping53波前时间，视在波前时间Time to crest, virtual front time 54半峰值时间Time to half value of crest55峰值Peak value(crest value)56有效值Root-mean-square value 57标么值Per unit value58标称值Nominal value59导电率Admittance60电导Conductance, conductivity61介质损耗率Dielectric loss62介损角的正切值Loss tangent63电晕放电Corona discharge64闪络Flashover65内（外）绝缘External (internal )insulation 66绝缘电阻Insulation resistance67绝缘电阻吸收比Absorption ratio of insulation resistance(R60/R15)68避雷器Surge arrestor69避雷器的残压Residual (discharge )voltage of an arrestor70绝缘材料耐温等级Temperature class of insulation (A,B,F, H)71感应耐压试验Induced overvoltage withstand test72（突发）短路试验Short –circuit test73互感器的负荷Burden of an instrument transformer74额定负荷（互感器）Rated burden (of an instrument transformer) 75标准级次Accuracy class76电流（电压）误差Current (voltage)error77相角差（互感器）Phase displacement (instrument transformer)78复合误差Composite error79暂态特性（误差）Transient characteristics(error)80额定短时热电流Rated short thermal current81额定连续热电流Rated continuous thermal current82额定动稳态电流Rated dynamic current83额定仪表保安电流Rated instrument security current84二次极限感应电势(保安因数)Secondary limiting e.m.f. (security factor)85额定标准极限的一次电流Rated accuracy limit primarycurrent86误差补偿Error compensation87额定电压因数Rated voltage factor 88标准限值因数Accuracy limit factorCartesian coordinate 89笛卡尔坐标（直角坐标）90极坐标Polar coordinate91横坐标abscissa (X-axis)92纵坐标Ordinate(Y-axis)93复数，实数部分/虚数部分Complex number(a+jb),real component imaginary component94正（负）数Positive(negative)number95小数Decimal96四舍五入Round off97分数，分子/分母Fraction ,numerator/denominator 98假分数Improper fraction99钝（锐）角Obtuse(acute)angle100补角Supplementary angle101余角Complement angle102平行Parallel103垂直Perpendicular104乘方Involution105开方Evolution,extraction of root106n的5次方Involve n to the fifth power;5thpower of n107幂Exponent,exponential108微分Differential,differentiation109积分Integrate, integration110成正比（反比）Proportional (inverselyproportional) to.....111概率Probability112归纳法Inductive method113外推Extrapolation (method)114插入法Interpolation (method)115最大似然法Maximum likelihood (method)116图解法Graphic method117有限元法Finite element method118模拟法Simulation method119方波响应Step respone120迭加电荷Superimposed charge121电位梯度Potential gradient122杂散电容Stray capacitance123超声定位Ultrasonic location (orientation) 124无损探伤Non-distrucitve flaw detection 125红外线扫描Infrared scanning126计算机辅助设计Computer aided design127计算机辅助设计及制造Computer aided design and manufactruing ( CADAM )128计算机辅助试验Computer aided tese(CAT)129最大（最小）Maximun (minimum)130近似于Approximate (approx.)131每分钟转数Revolution per minute (rpm)132速度Speed , velocity133加速度Acceleration134重力加速度(水平加速度)Gravitational acceleration135地震（地震烈度）Seism, earthquake (earthquakeintensity)136数量（件数）Quantity (pieces)137部门Department (dept.)138缩写Abbreviation139（以下简称为***）(Hereinafter referred as *****) 140参见***See ***** , vide ****常用单位（包括缩写） Unis commomly used (including abbriviations)141米，分米，厘米，毫米Meter,decimeter , centimeter, millimeter142公里Kilometer143英里，海里Mile, knot144码，寸Yard, inch145磅，磅/平方时Pound(lb.) pound per square inch(psi)146尺Foot147英制热量单位British thermal unit (BTU)148马力Horsepower149压强Intensity of pressure150帕施卡，千帕，兆帕Pascal (Pa), kpa, mpa151托Torr ( = 1mmhg)152粘度，帕斯卡秒Viscosity , Pascal·second153泊，厘泊Poise , centipois, 1P = 1dyne·sec/cm2154焦耳Joule155千瓦时Kilowatt-hour156特斯拉Tesla(T)157高斯Gauss158奥斯特Oersted(0e)159库仑，微库仑Coulomb,pico-coulomb160牛顿，达因Newton,dyne161摄氏度，开尔文Celsius(centigrade),kelvin162法拉，皮可法拉Farad,pico-farad163升，立方分米，立方厘米Liter,cubic decimeter,cubic centimeter164加仑Gallon165桶（石油）Barrel (petroleum)1barrel=163.65liter166标准国际单位制Standard international unit167厘米-克-秒单位制CGS unit168磁通密度Flux density169电流密度Current density170安匝数Number of ampere –turns171轴向（径向）漏磁通Axial (radial )leakage flux172热点（最热点）Hot(hotest) spot173局部过热Local overheat174涡流损耗Eddy current loss175磁滞损耗Hysteresis loss二、产品结构（产品类型及主要组件、零件）Construction of product(Types and mian component parts)（1）典型产品图解Graphic expressions of typical product1变压器铁心Transformer core(magnetic circuit) 2变压器线圈Transformer winding3线圈端部绝缘End insulation of winding4上部夹件Upper clamping5下部夹件Lower clamping6分接引线Tapping leads7引线支架Supporting frame for leads8高压套管均压球Equipotential shielding for HVbushing9高压引线High-voltage leads10低压引线Low-voltage leads11线圈压紧螺栓Winding compressing bolt12器身定位装置Positioning divice for active-part 13垫脚Foot-pad14小车支架及滚轮Bogie frame and wheel15油箱Tank16箱底Tank bottom17箱盖及箱沿Tank cover and tank rim18垫脚垫块Suppoting block for foot-pad19联管接头（法兰）Tube connetor (connecting flange) 20油箱直立加强铁Vertical stiffening channel of tankwall21油样活门Oil asmping valve22放油活门Oil draining valve23管式散热器Tubular radiator24放油塞Oil draining plug25放气塞Air exhausting plug26风扇支架Supporting frame for fan motors 27风扇及电机Fan and motor28风扇接线盒Connecting box for fan motors29储油柜联管Elbow joint for conservator30气体继电器Gas relay31储油柜Conservator32油位指示计Oil-level indicator33有载开关用储油柜Conservator for OLTC34有载开关用气体继电器Gas relay for OLTC35联管Tube connector36名牌Rating plate37温度计Thermometer38指示仪表柜Cabinet panel for indicatinginstruments39风扇控制柜Cabinet panel for fan motor control 40压力释放阀Pressure-relief valve41主排气导管（导气管）Main gas-conduit42分支导气管Branching gas-filter43滤油接口（蝶阀）Tube connector for oil-filter(butterfly valve)44温度计座Thermometer socket45储油柜支架Supporting frame for conservator 46高压0相套管HV bushing phase 0(neutral)47高压套管HV bushing48低压套管LV bushing19有载分接开关On-load tap-changer(OLTC)50有载开关操动机构Operating mechanism of OLTC51垂直传动轴Vertical driving shaft52水平传动轴Horizontal driving shaft53伞齿轮盒Bevel gear box54防雨罩及联轴节Drip-proof cap and coupling55联轴节Coupling56高压套管储油柜Conservator for HV bushing57相间隔板Interphase insulating barrier58吊拌Lifting lug59安装轨道Installation rail60相序标志牌Designation mark of phasesequence61接地螺栓Earthing bolt（2）各类产品名称及类型1电力变压器Power transformer2有载调压电力变压器Power transformer with OLTC(off-circuit tap-changer)3配电变压器Distrivution transformer4自耦变压器Atuotransformer5联络变压器Interconnecting transformer6升压变压器（降压）Step-up(step-down) transformer7发电机变压器Generator transformer8电站用变压器Substation transformer9变流变压器(换流变压器)Converter transformer10分裂变压器Transformer with split winding11厂用变压器Power plant transformer12单相变压器Single-phase transformer13三相变压器Three-phase transformer14油浸式变压器Oil-immersed transformer15浸难燃油变压器Noninflammable medium impregnated transformer 16干式变压器Dry type transformer17塑料浇注变压器Cast resin(resin moulded)transformer18H级绝缘变压器Transformer with H class insulation19气体绝缘变压器Gas insulated transformer20单相变压器组成的三相组合Three-phase banks with separate single-phase transformers21电炉变压器Furnace transformer22整流变压器Rectifier transformer23列车牵引变压器Traction(locomotive)transformer 24矿用变压器Mining transformer25防爆变压器Flame-proof transformer26隔离变压器Isolation transformer27试验变压器Testing transformer28灯丝变压器Filament transformer29电焊变压器Welding transformer30钎焊变压器Brazing transformer31船用变压器Marine tasnsformer32起动自耦变压器Starting autotransformer33串及式试验变压器Cascade testing transformer34三线圈变压器Three-winding transformer35增压变压器(串联变压器)Booster(series)transformer 36移动式变压器Movable substation37成套变电站Complete substation38全自动保护单相变压器Complete silf-protected single-phase transformer(CSP)39电流互感器Current transformer(CT)40电压互感器Voltage transformer(VT)41母线式电流互感器Bus –type current transformer42瓷箱式电流互感器Porcelain type current transformer 43套管式电流互感器Bushing current transformer44电容式电流互感器Capacitor type current transformer45倒立式电流互感器Reverse type current transformer 46塑料浇注式互感器Cast tesin current transformer47电容式电压互感器Capaitor type voltage transformer 48接地电压互感器Earthed voltage transformer19组合式互感器Combined instrument transformer 50移圈调压器Moving-coil voltage regulator51自耦调压器Autoformer regulator52接触调压器Variac53感应调压器Induction voltage regulator54磁饱和调压器Magnetic saturation voltageregulator55电抗器Reactor56串联电抗器Series reactor57并联电抗器Shunt reactor58铁心电抗器Iron core reactor59空心电抗器Air core reactor60水泥电抗器Concrete (cement)reactor61三相接地电抗器Rhree-phase neutral reactor62起动电抗器Starting reactor63平波电抗器Smothing reactor64平衡电抗器Interphase reactor65消弧电抗器（线圈）Arc-suppression reactor66阻波器（线圈）Wave trap coil67镇流器Ballast68饱和电抗器Saturable reactor69密闭式，包封式Sealed(enclosed )type70芯式Core type71壳式Shell type72户外（户内）式，柱上式Outdoor (indoor,pole mounting)type73移动式（列车式）Movable (trailer mounted)type74自然冷却（吹风冷却）Natural cooling (air blast cooling) 75强油风冷（水冷）Forced oil forced air cooling(watercooling)76油导向冷却Directed forced oil circulation cooling77油导向吹风冷却Directed forced oil circulation forced aircooling78恒磁通调压Constant flux voltage variation(C.F.V.V.) 79变磁通调压Variable flux volatge variation(V.F.V.V.) 80混合调压Combined voltage variation(Cb.V.V.)81油浸自冷Oil –immersed natural cooling(ONAN) 82油浸风冷Oil-immersed forced air cooling(ONAF) 83油浸强迫油循环风冷Oil-immersed forced oil circulationforced air cooling(OFAF)84油浸强油导向风冷Oil-immersed forced-directed oilcirculation forced air cooling(ODAF)（3）铁心core1铁心片Core lamination2一叠铁心 A lamination stack3铁心叠积图Lamination drawing (diagram)445斜拉缝45 mitred joint5铁心油道（气道）Oil-duct(air ventilating duct)of core6阶梯接缝Stepped lap joint7对接铁心Butt joint core8卷铁心Wound core9渐开线铁心Evolute core10空气隙Air gap11铁心拉板Tensile plate of core limb12铁心柱Core limb(leg)13轭（上轭，下轭）Yoke(upper yoke,lower yoke)14旁轭Side yoke15环氧绑扎带Epoxy –bonded bandage16轭拉带Yoke tendile belt17上轭顶梁（侧梁）Top jointing beam of upper yoke(sidebeam)18上夹件（下夹件）Upper yoke clamping (lower yokecalmping)19夹件腹板（肢板）Web(limb)of yoke calmping20夹件加强铁Stiffenting plate of calmping21压线圈的压钉Winding compressing bolt22压钉螺母Nut for compressing bolt23弹簧压钉（油缸压钉）Compressing bolt with spring (hydraulic damper)24线圈支撑架（板）Winding supporter(plate)25垫脚Foot pad26定位孔Positioning hole27带螺母的定位柱Positioning stud28拉螺杆Tensile rod29夹件夹紧螺杆Yoke clamping bolt30铁心接地片Core earthing strip31铁心地屏（旁轭地屏）Earthing screen of core (side yoke)32窗口高度（中心距M。
电子电气专业外文翻译--变压器
外文原文：TRANSFORMERTransformers come in many sizes. Some power transformers are as big as a house. Electronic transformers, on the other hand, can be as small as a cube of sugar. All transformers have at least one coil. Most have two although they may have many more.The usual purpose of transformers is to change the level of voltage. But sometimes they are used to isolate a load from the power source.TYPES OF TRANSFORMERSStandard power transformers have two coils. These coils are labeled PRIMARY and SECONDARY. The primary coil is the one connected to the source. The secondary is the one connected to the load. There is to no electrical connection between the primary and secondary. The secondary gets its voltage by induction.The only place where you will see a STEP-UP transformer is at the generating station. Typically, electricity is generated at 13,800 volts. It is stepped down to distribution levels, around 15,000 volts. Large substation transformers have cooling fins to keep them from overheating. Other transformers are located near points where the electric power is used.TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTIONThe coils of a transformer are electrically insulated from each other. There is a magnetic link, however. The two coils are wound on the same core. Current in the primary magnetizes the core. This produces a magnetic field in the core. The core field then affects current in both primary and secondary.There are two main designs for cores:1.The CORE type has the core inside the windings.2.The SHELL type has the core outside.Smaller power transformers are usually of the core type. The very large transformers are of the shell type. There is no difference in their operation, however.Coils are wound with copper wire. The resistance is kept as low as possible keep losses low.IDEALIZED TRANSFORMERSTransformers are very efficient. The losses are often less than 3 percent. This allows us to assume that they are perfect in many computations.Perfect means that the wire has no resistance. It also means that there are no power losses in the core.Further, we assume that there is no flux leakage. That is, all of the magnetic flux links all of the turns on each coil.EXCITATION CURRENTTo get an idea of just how small the losses are, we can take a look at the EXCITATION CURRENT. Assume that nothing is connected to the secondary. If you apply rated voltage to the primary, a small current flows. Typically, this excitation current is less than 3 percent of rated current.Excitation current is made up of two part is in phase with the voltage. This is the current that supplies the power lost in the core. Core losses are due to EDDY CURRENTS and HYSTERESIS.Eddy currents circulating in the core result from induction. The core is, after all, a conductor within a changing magnetic field.Hysteresis loss is caused by the energy used in lining up magneticdomains in the core. The alignment goes on continuously, first in one direction, then in the other.The other part of the excitation current magnetizes the core. It is this magnetizing current that supplies the “shuttle power”. Shuttle power stored in the magnetic field and returned to the source twice each cycle. Magnetizing current is quadrature (90 degrees out of phase) with the applied voltage.1. INTRODUCTIONThe high-voltage transmission was need for the case electrical power is to be provided at considerable distance from a generating station. At some point this high voltage must be reduced, because ultimately is must supply a load. The transformer makes it possible for various parts of a power system to operate at different voltage levels. In this paper we discuss power transformer principles and applications.2. TOW-WINDING TRANSFORMERSA transformer in its simplest form consists of two stationary coils coupled by a mutual magnetic flux. The coils are said to be mutually coupled because they link a common flux.In power applications, laminated steel core transformers (to which this paper is restricted) are used. Transformers are efficient because the rotational losses normally associated with rotating machine are absent, so relatively little power is lost when transforming power from one voltage level to another. Typical efficiencies are in the range 92 to 99%, the higher values applying to the larger power transformers.The current flowing in the coil connected to the ac source is called the primary winding or simply the primary. It sets up the flux φ in thecore, which varies periodically both in magnitude and direction. The flux links the second coil, called the secondary winding or simply secondary. The flux is changing; therefore, it induces a voltage in the secondary by electromagnetic induction in accordance with Lenz’s law. Thus the primary receives its power from the source while the secondary supplies this power to the load. This action is known as transformer action.3. TRANSFORMER PRINCIPLESWhen a sinusoidal voltage Vpis applied to the primary with the secondary open-circuited, there will be no energy transfer. Theimpressed voltage causes a small current Iθto flow in the primary winding. This no-load current has two functions: (1) it produces the magnetic flux in the core, which varies sinusoidally between zero and φm, whereφmis the maximum value of the core flux; and (2) it provides a component to account for the hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core. There combined losses are normally referred to as the core losses.The no-load current Iθis usually few percent of the rated full-load current of the transformer (about 2 to 5%). Since at no-load the primary winding acts as a large reactance due to the iron core, the no-load current will lag the primary voltage by nearly 90º. It is readily seenthat the current component Im = Isinθ, called the magnetizing current,is 90º in phase behind the primary voltage VP. It is this component thatsets up the flux in the core; φ is therefore in phase with Im.The second component, Ie =Isinθ, is in phase with the primaryvoltage. It is the current component that supplies the core losses. The phasor sum of these two components represents the no-load current, orI 0 = Im+ IeIt should be noted that the no-load current is distortes andnonsinusoidal. This is the result of the nonlinear behavior of the core material.If it is assumed that there are no other losses in the transformer, the induced voltage In the primary, E p and that in the secondary, E s canbe shown. Since the magnetic flux set up by the primary winding ，there will be an induced EMF E in the secondary winding in accordance with Faraday’s law, namely, E=NΔφ/Δt. This same flux also links the primary itself, inducing in it an EMF, E p . As discussed earlier, theinduced voltage must lag the flux by 90º, therefore, they are 180º out of phase with the applied voltage. Since no current flows in the secondary winding, E s =V s . The no-load primary current I 0 is small, a few percentof full-load current. Thus the voltage in the primary is small and V p is nearly equal to E p . The primary voltage and the resulting flux aresinusoidal; thus the induced quantities E p and E s vary as a sine function.The average value of the induced voltage given byE avg = turns× change in flux in a given time given time which is Faraday’s law applied to a f inite time interval. It followsthatE avg = N21/(2)m f = 4fNφm which N is the number of turns on the winding. Form ac circuit theory, the effective or root-mean-square (rms) voltage for a sine wave is 1.11 times the average voltage; thusE = 4.44fNφmSince the same flux links with the primary and secondary windings, the voltage per turn in each winding is the same. HenceE p = 4.44fN p φmandE s = 4.44fN s φmwhere E p and Es are the number of turn on the primary and secondarywindings, respectively. The ratio of primary to secondary induced voltage is called the transformation ratio. Denoting this ratio by a, it is seen that a = p sE E = p s N N Assume that the output power of a transformer equals its input power, not a bad sumption in practice considering the high efficiencies. What we really are saying is that we are dealing with an ideal transformer; that is, it has no losses. ThusP m = P outorV p I p × primary PF = V s I s × secondary PFwhere PF is the power factor. For the above-stated assumption it means that the power factor on primary and secondary sides are equal; thereforeV p I p = V s I s from which is obtainedp s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a It shows that as an approximation the terminal voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The primary and secondary current, on the other hand, are inversely related to the turns ratio. The turns ratio gives a measure of how much the secondary voltage is raised or lowered in relation to the primary voltage. To calculate the voltage regulation, we need more information.The ratio of the terminal voltage varies somewhat depending on the load and its power factor. In practice, the transformation ratio is obtained from the nameplate data, which list the primary and secondary voltage under full-load condition.When the secondary voltage V s is reduced compared to the primaryvoltage, the transformation is said to be a step-down transformer: conversely, if this voltage is raised, it is called a step-up transformer. In a step-down transformer the transformation ratio a is greater than unity (a>1.0), while for a step-up transformer it is smaller than unity (a<1.0). In the event that a=1, the transformer secondary voltage equals the primary voltage. This is a special type of transformer used in instances where electrical isolation is required between the primary and secondary circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. Therefore, this transformer is generally knows as an isolation transformer.As is apparent, it is the magnetic flux in the core that forms the connecting link between primary and secondary circuit. In section 4 it is shown how the primary winding current adjusts itself to the secondary load current when the transformer supplies a load.Looking into the transformer terminals from the source, an impedanceis seen which by definition equals V p / I p . From p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a , we have V p = aV s and I p = I s /a.In terms of V s and I s the ratio of V p to I p isp p V I = /s s aV I a = 2s sa V I But V s / I s is the load impedance Z L thus we can say thatZ m (primary) = a 2Z LThis equation tells us that when an impedance is connected to the secondary side, it appears from the source as an impedance having a magnitude that is a 2 times its actual value. We say that the load impedance is reflected or referred to the primary. It is this property of transformers that is used in impedance-matching applications.4. TRANSFORMERS UNDER LOADThe primary and secondary voltages shown have similar polarities,as indicated by the “dot-making” convention. The dots near the upperends of the windings have the same meaning as in circuit theory; the marked terminals have the same polarity. Thus when a load is connected to the secondary, the instantaneous load current is in the direction shown. In other words, the polarity markings signify that when positive current enters both windings at the marked terminals, the MMFs of the two windings add.Since the secondary voltage depends on the core flux φ, it mustbe clear that the flux should not change appreciably if Esis to remain essentially constant under normal loading conditions. With the loadconnected, a current Iswill flow in the secondary circuit, because theinduced EMF Eswill act as a voltage source. The secondary currentproduces an MMF Ns Isthat creates a flux. This flux has such a directionthat at any instant in time it opposes the main flux that created it in the first place. Of course, this is Lenz’s law in action. Thus the MMFrepresented by Ns Istends to reduce the core flux φ. This means thatthe flux linking the primary winding reduces and consequently the primaryinduced voltage Ep, This reduction in induced voltage causes a greater difference between the impressed voltage and the counter induced EMF, thereby allowing more current to flow in the primary. The fact thatprimary current Ipincreases means that the two conditions stated earlier are fulfilled: (1) the power input increases to match the power output, and (2) the primary MMF increases to offset the tendency of the secondary MMF to reduce the flux.In general, it will be found that the transformer reacts almost instantaneously to keep the resultant core flux essentially constant.Moreover, the core flux φdrops very slightly between n o load and fullload (about 1 to 3%), a necessary condition if Epis to fall sufficientlyto allow an increase in Ip.On the primary side, Ip’ is the current that flows in the primaryto balance the demagnetizing effect of Is . Its MMF NpIp’ sets up a fluxlinking the primary only. Since the core flux φ0 remains constant. Imust be the same current that energizes the transformer at no load. Theprimary current Ip is therefore the sum of the current Ip’ and I.Because the no-load current is relatively small, it is correct to assume that the primary ampere-turns equal the secondary ampere-turns, since it is under this condition that the core flux is essentially constant. Thus we will assume that Iis negligible, as it is only a small component of the full-load current.When a current flows in the secondary winding, the resulting MMF (Ns Is )creates a separate flux, apart from the flux φ0 produced by I, whichlinks the secondary winding only. This flux does no link with the primary winding and is therefore not a mutual flux.In addition, the load current that flows through the primary winding creates a flux that links with the primary winding only; it is called the primary leakage flux. The secondary- leakage flux gives rise to an induced voltage that is not counter balanced by an equivalent induced voltage in the primary. Similarly, the voltage induced in the primary is not counterbalanced in the secondary winding. Consequently, these two induced voltages behave like voltage drops, generally called leakage reactance voltage drops. Furthermore, each winding has some resistance, which produces a resistive voltage drop. When taken into account, these additional voltage drops would complete the equivalent circuit diagram of a practical transformer. Note that the magnetizing branch is shown in this circuit, which for our purposes will be disregarded. This follows our earlier assumption that the no-load current is assumed negligiblein our calculations. This is further justified in that it is rarelynecessary to predict transformer performance to such accuracies. Sincethe voltage drops are all directly proportional to the load current, it means that at no-load conditions there will be no voltage drops in eitherwinding.The power transformer is a major power system component that permits economical power transmission with high efficiency and lowseries-voltage drops. Since electric power is proportional to theproduct of voltage and current, low current levels (and therefore low I2 losses and low IZ voltage drops) can be maintained for given power Rlevels via high voltages. Power transformers transform ac voltage andcurrent to optimum levels for generation, transmission, distribution,and utilization of electric power.The development in 1885 by William Stanley of a commercially practicaltransformer was what made ac power systems more attractive than dc powersystems. The ac system with a transformer overcame voltage problemsencountered in dc systems with a transformer overcame voltage problemsencountered in dc systems as load levels and transmission distancesincreased. Today’s modern power transformers have nearly 100%efficiency, with ratings up to and beyond 1300 MVA.In this chapter, we review basic transformers theory and developequivalent circuits for practical transformers operating undersinusoidal-steady-state conditions. We look at models of single-phasetwo-winding, three-phase two-winding, and three-phase three-windingtransformers, as well as auto-transformers and regulating transformers.Also, the per-unit system, which simplifies power system analysis byeliminating the ideal transformer winding in transformers equivalentcircuits, is introduced in this chapter and used throughout the remainderof the text.How Electric Utilities Buy Quality When They Buy TransformersBecause transformers are passive devices with few moving parts, it is difficult to evaluate the quality of one over another. But today, when the lifetime cost of transformer losses far exceeds the initial transformer purchase price and a significant percentage of transformer purchases is to replace units that have failed in service, utilities need a mechanism to weigh one manufacturer’s offering against another’s –often well before the transformer is actually built .Power and distribution transformers present entirely different problems to the purchasing engineers charged with evaluating quality. Power transformers are generally custom-built and today they are often very different from any transformers should be evaluated according to a wide range of quality factors, each of which has a different importance or weight, depending on the purchasing utility.In contrast, distribution transformers are purchased in bulk and, provided detailed failure records are kept, the quality can be rather easily determined from computerized statistical programs.LOW LOSSES MEAN HIGH QUALITYOne factor in the engineer’s favor is that high-quality transformers are also low-loss transformers. In a sense, the cost of high quality is automatically paid for in the first few years of transformer life by reduced losses. To this benefit is added the fact that the lifetime of a transformer built today will actually be significantly longer than that of a transformer built only a few years ago.Losses are divided into load and no-load losses and various formulas and/or computer programs are available to evaluate their lifetime impact. When individual utilities plug their cost factors into the formulas, thelifetime impacts they calculate vary widely. For example, the ratio of estimated costs of no-load to load losses can vary by a factor as much as 10 to one. The relative cost of load and no-load losses can also vary from year to year as regulatory pressures push utility management to emphasize different needs.Noise is becoming an increasingly important factor in transformer selection. Again, this factor varies widely from utility to utility. The greatest need for a low-noise transformer is felt by utilities in highly developed areas where substations must be located close to residential neighborhoods.Transformer noise is generated from three sources: (1) the magneto strictive deformation of the core, (2) aerodynamic noise produced by cooling fans, (3) the mechanical and flow noise from the oil-circulating pumps. The radiated core noise, consisting of a 120-Hz tone, is the most difficult to reduce and is also the noise that generates the transformer.Fortunately, improved core-construction techniques and lower-loss core steel both tend to reduction in core noise is needed, it can only be achieved by increasing the cross-sectional area of the core to reduce the flux density. This design change increases the construction cost of the transformer and decreases the core losses. However, a point of diminishing returns is reached at which the cost of increasing core size outweighs the savings in reduced losses.Installation costs are significant because a power transformer must generally be delivered partially disassembled and without oil in the tank. Today, the trend is for the manufacturer to assemble and fill the transformer on site, rather than leave it to the utility. This provides assurance that the transformer is correctly installed and minimizes the cost of lost parts, misunderstanding, etc.Manufacturing facilities provide a key indication of the product quality. Most utilities use plant visits as the first step in their evaluation process. Facility review should include the manufacturer’s quality-assurance program, in-service and test reliability records, contract administration and order support, and technical strength.Coating systems, especially for pad-mount transformers, are becoming increasingly important since the life of the transformer tank may be the limiting factor in transformer life. The problem of evaluating and comparing coating systems on pad-mount transformers from different manufacturers was eliminated with the introduction of ANSI Standard C57.12.28-1988. This is a functional standard that does not dictate to manufacturers now they should coat transformers, but prescribes a series of tests that the coating must withstand to meet the standard. A companion standard, C57.12.31 for poletop transformers, is now under development.Tests prescribed by the standards include: Scratching to bare metal and exposing to salt spray for 1500 hours; cross-hatch scratching to check for adhesion, humidity exposure at 113℃, impact of 160 in.-1b with no paint chipping , oil and ultraviolet resistance, and 3000 cycles of abrasion resistance.In response to this standard, most manufacturers have revamped or rebuilt their painting processes--from surface preparation through application of primers, to finished coating systems. The most advanced painting processes now use electrodeposition methods—either as a dip process or with paint applied as dry power. These processes not only ensure a uniform coating system to every part of the transformer tank out also, because they eliminate traditional solvent-based paints, more easily meet the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.Hard evaluation factors are set down in the purchaser’s technicalspecifications, which form the primary document to ensure that all suppliers’products meet a minimum standard. Technical specifications generally include an evaluation formula for no-load and load losses, price, noise level, and delivery date. Technical assistance during installation, warranty assistance, and the extent of warranty are additional hard evaluation factors.Soft factors do not have a precise monetary value, but also may be important in comparing suppliers’ bids. The [following] list suggests soft factors for buyers to include in a transformer-purchase decision. While they do not have a direct dollar value, it is valuable to assign a fixed dollar value or a percentage of bid value to these factors so that they can be used in comparing suppliers’ bids. A well-written specification places all potential suppliers on an equal footing.SOFT FACTORS THAT SHOULD INFLUENCE CHOICE OF SUPPLIERWide choice of designsComputer-aided design proceduresR&D directed at product improvementParticipation in long-term R&D projects through industry groups Clean-room assembly facilitiesAvailability of spare and replacement partsWide range of field servicesApplication assistance/coordinationOngoing communication with usersTony Hartfield, ABB Power T&D Co., Power Transformer Div., St. Louis, Missouri, says it is important to review technical specifications in detail with prospective suppliers before a request for bids is issued. “We attempt to resolve ambiguous terms such as ‘substantial,’ ‘long-lasting,’ or ‘equal-to,’ and replace them with functionalrequirements that clearly define what must be supplied.“Many times, items are added to a specification to prevent recurrence of past problems. These can be counterproductive, particularly if the technology has advanced to a point where the source of the problem has been eliminated.”GOOD IN-SERVICE RECORDS VITALDistribution transformers are purchased in large quantities under very competitive conditions where a unit-price change of a few cents can affect the choice of supplier. As a result, the most sophisticated programs used to guide purchasing policy are based on statistical records of units in service.One example of a systematic failure-analysis program is that conducted by Wisconsin Public Service Corp. (Electrical World, September 1991, p 73). All transformers purchased by the utility since the mid 1980s and all transformer failures are entered into a computerized record-keeping system. Failure rates and equivalent costs are calculated for each manufacturer on a 4-year rolling window. According to Senior Standards Engineer Michael Radke, the system has substantially reduced failure rates, improved communications with transformer vendors, reduced costs, and reduced outages. The system has even helped some manufacturers to reduce failure rates.Georgia Power Co.’s vendor evaluation program has been in place for about 5 years. This program looks at supplier and product separately, judging each according to pre-established criteria. The scores for each criterion are weighted and the over-all score used to calculate a numerical multiplier, which is applied to initial bid price. David McClure, research manager, quality and support, explains that the program involves four departments: engineering, materials, qualityassurance, and procurement. Each department is responsible for a portion of the evaluation and the results from each are entered into a computer program.The evaluation involves objective and subjective factors. Compliance, for example, can be measured objectively, but customer service must be evaluated subjectively. Even so, reviewers follow a well-defined procedure to determine scores for each factor. This approach ensures that ratings are applied consistently to each vendor.Public Service Co. of Colorado (PSC) uses a numerical multiplier that is applied to the bid price. The multiplier incorporates several factors—including historical failure rate, delivery, and quality. Of these factors, historical failure rate is by far the most important, accounting for more than half of the multiplier penalty. For example, the average multiplier for pole-mounted transformers adds 6.3%, of which failure rate accounts for 4.9%; the average multiplier for single-phase pad-mount transformers adds 5.3%, of which failure rate accounts for 3.6%.Failure rate is calculated using a computer program supplied by General Electric Co., Transformer Business Dept, Hickory, North Carolina. It is based on failures of transformers purchased in the last 10 years. The cost of failure includes the cost of a replacement unit and the costs of changeout and downtime.A delivery penalty is calculated by PSC, based on the difference in weeks between promised and actual delivery dates. Significantly, this penalty is calculated equally for early as for late delivery. Early delivery is considered disruptive. John Ainscough, senior engineer, automation analysis and research, reports that his department is planning to modify this factor to encourage both short lead-times andon-time delivery. Currently, the delivery factor does not incorporate the supplier’s manufacturing cycle time.PSC’ s quality factor is based on the percentage of an order that must be repaired or returned to the manufacturer; the accuracy with which products conform to the original specifications, including losses and impedance; and the number of days required to resolve complaints and warranty claims. Responsiveness to complaints is considered a soft evaluation factor and the number of days needed to resolve a complaint is a way of quantifying this factor. The utility is exploring ways to quantify other soft factors in the evaluation process.According to Ainscough, the rating system in use at PSC seems to be effective for consistently selecting high-quality vendors and screening out those that offer low bids at the expense of product quality.Another software program designed to help purchasers select the best available distribution transformer is a Lotus-compatible worksheet for evaluating distribution transformers offered by ABB Power T&D Co. The worksheet adjusts criteria for reliability, quality, delivery/availability, and support. The lower the value factor, the lower is the effective first cost of the transformer. To the adjusted first cost is added the cost of losses, yielding a life-cycle cost for the transformer.Suggested weightings, based on surveys of utilities, are provided for each critertion, but users can easily modify these criteria in light of their own experience and needs. According to ABB’s Dorman Whitley, this ensures that the worksheet does not favor any one manufacturer. Users can also incorporate soft criteria (such as supplier’s long-term commitment to the industry, or level of investment in R&D).LOSSES INFLUENCE RELIABILITY。
变压器专业词汇英文翻译
变压器常用术语TECHNICAL TERMS COMMONLYUSED FOR TRANSFORMERPART 1 产品名称及类型1.1 电力变压器Power transformer1.2 芯式变压器core type transformer 内铁式变压器core-form transformer1.3 壳式变压器shell-form transformer 外铁式变压器shell-form transformer1.4 密封式变压器sealed transformer1.5 有载调压电力变压器power transformer with OLTC1.6 无载调压电力变压器power transformer with off-circuit tap-changer 1.28 油浸式变压器oil-immersed type transformer1.29 浸难燃油变压器noninflammable medium impregnated transformer1.30 干式变压器dry type transformer1.31 树脂浇注式变压器resin-casting type transformer1.32 H 级绝缘变压器transformer with H class insulation1.33 气体绝缘变压器gas insulated transformer1.34 电炉变压器furnace transformer1.35 整流变压器rectifier transformer1.36 列车牵引变压器traction transformer, locomotive transformer1.7 配电变压器1.8 自耦变压器distribution transformer auto-transformer1.9 联络变压器interconnecting transformer 1.10 升压变压器step-up transformer1.11 降压变压器step-down transformer1.12 增压变压器booster transformer 串联变压器1.13 发电机变压器generator transformer1.14 电站用变压器substation transformer 1.15 交流变压器converter transformer1.16 分裂变压器split-winding type 1.37 矿用变压器mining transformer 1.38 防爆变压器explosion-proof transformer flame-proof transformer 1.39 隔离变压器isolation transformertransformer1.17 厂用变压器power plant transformer 1.18 所用变压器electric substation 1.40 试验变压器testing transformer 1.41 串级式试验变压器cascade testing transformer串联变压器增压变压器灯丝变压器电焊变压器钎焊变压器船用变压器起动自1.421.431.441.451.46transformer1.19 单相变压器1.20 三相变压器1.21 多相变压器single-phase transformerthree-phase transformerpolyphase transformer1.471.48autotransformer起动变压器移动变压器1.491.501.22 单相变压器组成的三相组three-phase banks with separate single-phase transformer 1.51 1.52 1.531.23 三相接地变压器transformerthree-phase earthing1.24 三线圈变压器transformer1.25 两线圈变压器transformer1.26 双线圈变压器transformer1.27 多线圈变压器transformerthree-windingtwo-windingdouble-windingmulti-windingseries transformerbooster transformerfilament transformerwelding transformer brazingtransformer marinetransformer 耦变压器startingstarting transformermovable substation移动式movable type 成套变电站complete substation 全自动保护单相变压器completeself-protected single-phase transformer(CSP)1.54 互感器instrument transformer1.55 测量用互感器measurementcurrent/voltage TR1.56 保护用互感器protectivecurrent/voltage transformer1.57 电流互感器current transformer (CT )1.58 电压互感器voltage transformerpotential transformer(PT)1.59 全绝缘电流互感器fully insulatedcurrent transformer1.60 母线式电流互感器bus-type current transformer1.61 绕线式电流互感器wound primary type current transformer1.62 瓷箱式电流互感器porcelain type current transformer1.63 套管用电流互感器bushing-type current transformer1.64 电容式电流互感器capacitor typecurrent transformer1.65 支持式电流互感器support-type current transformer1.66 倒立式电流互感器reverse type current transformer1.67 塑料浇注式电流互感器cast resin current transformer1.68 钳式电流互感器split-core type current transformer1.69 速饱和电流互感器rapid-saturable current transformer1.70 串级式电流互感器cascade-type current transformer1.71 剩余电流互感器residual current transformer1.72 电容式电压互感器capacitor type voltage transformer1.73 接地电压互感器earthed voltage transformer1.74 不接地电压互感器unearthed voltage transformer1.75 组合式互感器combined instrument transformer1.76 剩余电压互感器residual voltage transformer1.77 移圈调压器moving-coil voltage transformer1.78 动线圈moving winding1.79 自耦调压器autoformer regulator1.80 接触调压器variac1.81 感应调压器induction voltage regulator 1.82 磁饱和调压器magnetic saturationvoltage regulator1.83 电抗器reactor1.84 并联电抗器shunt reactor1.85 串联电抗器series reactor iron core reactor air core reactor concrete(cement) reactor 1.90 三相中性点接地电抗器three-phase neutral reactor1.92 单相中性点接地电抗器single-phase neutral earthing reactor1.93 起动电抗器starting reactor1.94 平衡电抗器smoothing /interphase reactor1.95 调幅电抗器modulation reactor1.96 消弧电抗器arc-suppression reactor1.97 消弧线圈arc-suppression coil1.98 阻波器，阻波线圈wave trap coil1.99 镇流器ballast1.100 密闭式sealed type1.101 包封式enclosed type1.102 户外式outdoor type1.103 户内式indoor type1.104 柱上式pole mounting type1.105 移动式movable type1.106 列车式trailer mounted type1.107 自冷natural cooling (ONAN)1.108 风冷forced-air cooling (ONAF)1.109 强油风冷forced-oil forced-air cooling(ONAF)1.110 强油水冷forced-oil forced-water cooling (ONWF)1.111 强油导向冷却forced-directed oil cooling (OFAN)1.112 强油导向风冷却forced-directed forced-air oil cooling(ODAF)1.113 恒磁通调压constant flux voltage variation(CFVV)1.114 变磁通调压variable flux voltage variation(VFVV)1.115 混合调压combined voltage variation(CbVV)PART2 基础词汇1.86 饱和电抗器1.87 铁心电抗器1.88 空心电抗器1.89 水泥电抗器saturable reactor2.1 千瓦kilowatt(kw) 2.2 兆瓦megawatt(MW) 2.3 京瓦gigawatt(GW) 2.4 千伏kilovolt(kV)symbol of product type of productrated voltage rated power rated current连 接 组 标 号connectionsymbol,impedance voltage rated frequency no-load losseddy-current loss hysteresis loss no-load current exciting current load loss 损 耗 additional losses,杂散损耗 stray losses 总损耗total losses 损耗比 loss ratio 冷却方式type of cooling 介质损耗 dielectric loss 介损角正切值 loss tangent 电压组合 voltage combination 电抗电压 reactance voltage 额定电压比 rated voltage ratio 电阻电压 resistance voltage 电压调整率 voltage regulation 相位差 phase displacement 相位差 zero-sequence impedance short-circuit impedance flux density current density 安匝数 number of ampere-turns轴向漏磁通 axial leakage flux 2.47 径向漏磁通 radial leakage flux2.48 循环电流 circulating current 2.49 热点 hot spot2.50 最热点 hottest spot 2.51 局部过热 local overheat 2.52 有功输出 active output 2.53 满容量分接 fully-power tapping 2.54 额定级电压 rated step voltage 2.55 最大额定电压 maximum rated voltage 2.56最 大 额 定 电 流 maximum ratedthrough-current2.57 绕 组 额 定 电 压 rated voltage of a winding2.58 额定短时电流 rated short time current 2.59 额定短时热电流 rated short thermal current2.60 额 定 连 续 热 电 流 rated continuous current2.61 额定动稳定电流 rated dynamic current 2.62 一次电流 /电压 primary current/voltage 2.63二 次 电 流 / 电 压 secondarycurrent/voltage2.64 实际电流比 actual transformation ratio of a current transformer2.65 实际电压比 actual transformation ratio of a voltage transformer2.66 二 次 极 限 感 应 电 动 势 secondary limiting e.m.f.2.67 互感器的二次回顾路 secondary circuit of CT and PT 2.68 定额 rating2.69 铁心噪声 noise of core 2.70 背境噪声 background noise 2.71 噪声水平 noise level 2.72 声级 sound level2.73 声功率级 sound power level 2.74 声级试验 sound level test2.75 声级测量 sound level measurement 2.76 水平加速度 horizontal acceleration 2.77 垂直加速度 vertical acceleration 2.78 地震 seism, earthquake 2.79 地震烈度 earthquake intensity 2.80 工频 power-frequency 2.81 中频 medium frequency 2.82 高频 high frequency2.5 2.6 千伏安 KVA 兆伏安 MVA 京伏安 GVA千乏 kilovar(kV Ar)兆乏megavar(MV Ar)京乏 gigavar(GV Ar)2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 产品代号产品型号额定电压 额定容量 额定电流 2.18 symbol of connection 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 阻抗电压 额定频率空载损耗 涡流损耗 磁滞损耗 空载电流 激磁电流负载损耗 附加 2.27 supplementary load loss 2.28 2.292.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.372.38 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.432.44 2.452.46校 验 phase displacement 2.40 verification零序阻抗 短路阻抗 磁通密度 电流密度2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 兆伏 megavolt(MV)京电子伏 giga-electron-volt(GEV)natural frequency of vibrationfrequency response harmonicsmeasurement 2.88 绝缘水平insulation level2.89 绝缘强度insulation strength, dielectric strength2.90 主绝缘main insulation2.91 纵绝缘longitudinal insulation2.92 内绝缘internal insulation2.93 外绝缘external insulation2.94 绝缘配合insulation co-ordination2.95 全绝缘uniform insulation2.96 半绝缘non-uniform insulation2.97 降纸绝缘reduced insulation2.98 中心点neutral point2.99 中心点端子neutral terminal2.100 正常绝缘normal insulation2.101 介电常数dielectric constant2.102 油纸绝缘系统oil-paper insulation system2.103 绝缘电阻insulation resistance2.104 绝缘电阻吸收比absorption ratio of insulation resistance2.105 绝缘击穿insulation breakdown2.106 碳化carbonization2.107 爬电距离creepage distance2.108 沿面放电creeping discharge2.109 放电discharge2.110 局部放电partial discharge2.111 局部放电测量measurement of partial discharge2.112 超声定位ultrasonic location, ultrasonic orientation2.113 破坏性放电disruptive discharge2.114 局部放电起始电压partial discharge inception voltage2.115 局部放电终止电压partial discharge extinction voltage2.116 过电压overvoltage short time overvoltage transient overvoltage switchingovervoltage atmosphericovervoltage2.121 额定耐受电压rated withstand voltage2.122 工频耐受电压power-frequency withstand voltage2.123 感应耐压试验induced overvoltage withstand test2.124 温升试验temperature-rise test2.125 温升temperature rise2.126 突发短路试验short-circuit test2.127 动热稳定thermo-dynamic stability2.128 冲击耐压试验impulse voltage withstand test2.129 雷电冲击耐受电压lightning impulsewithstand voltage2.130 操作冲击耐受电压switching impulsewithstand voltage2.131 雷电冲击lightning impulse2.132 全波雷电冲击full wave lightning impulse2.133 截波雷电冲击chopped wave lightning impulse2.134 操作冲击switching impulse2.135 操作冲击波switch surge, switch impulse2.136 伏秒特性voltage-time characteristics 2.137 截断时间time to chopping2.138 波前时间time to crest2.139 视在波前时间virtual front time2.140 半峰值时间time to half value crest2.141 峰值peak value, crest value2.142 有效值root-mean-square value2.143 标么值per unit value2.144 标称值nominal value2.145 电级electrode2.146 电位梯度potential gradient2.147 等电位，等位equipotential2.148 屏蔽shielding2.149 静电屏蔽electrostatic shielding2.150 磁屏蔽magnetic shielding2.151 静电屏electrostatic screen2.152 静电板electrostatic plate2.153 静电环electrostatic ring2.154 电磁感应electro-magnetic induction 2.155 电磁单元electro-magnetic unit2.83 振荡频率2.84 谐振频率2.85 自振频率2.86 频率响应2.87 谐波测量oscillating frequency resonance frequency2.117 短时过电压2.118 瞬时过电压2.119 操作过电压2.120 大气过电压2.156 有效面effective surface2.157 标准大气条件standard atmosphericcondition2.158 视在电荷apparent charge2.159 体积电阻volume resistance2.160 导电率admittance2.161 电导conductance, conductivity2.162 电晕放电corona discharge2.163 闪络flashover2.164 避雷器surge arrestor2.165 避雷器的残压residual voltage of an arrestor2.166 绝缘材料耐温等级temperature class of insulation2.167 互感器额定负荷rated burden of an instrument transformer2.168 准确级次accuracy class2.169 真值true value2.170 允差tolerance2.171 比值误差校验ratio error verification 2.172 电流误差current error2.173 电压误差voltage error2.174 互感器相角差phase displacement of instrument transformer2.175 复合误差composite error2.176 瞬时特性transient characteristic2.177 瞬时误差transient error2.178 额定仪表保安电流rated instrument security current2.179 二次极限感应电势secondary limitinge.m.f2.180 保安因子security factor2.181 额定准确限值的一次电流rated accuracy limit primary current2.182 误差补偿error compensation2.183 额定电压因子rated voltage factor2.184 准确限值因子accuracy limit factor2.185 开断电流switched current2.186 笛卡尔坐标，直角坐标Cartesian coordinate2.187 极坐标polar coordinate2.188 横坐标abscissa2.189 纵坐标ordinate 2.190 X- 轴X-axis2.191 复数complex number2.192 实数部分real component2.193 虚数部分imaginary component2.194 正数positive number2.195 负数negative number2.196 小数decimal2.197 四舍五入round off2.198 分数fraction2.199 分子numerator2.200 分母denominator2.201 假分数improper fraction2.202 钝角obtuse angle2.203 锐角acute angle2.204 补角supplementary angle2.205 余角complement angle2.206 平行parallel2.207 垂直perpendicular2.208 乘方involution2.209 开方evolution, extraction of root2.210 n 的 5 次方5th power of n2.211 幂exponent, exponential2.212 微分，差动differential, differentiate 2.213 积分，集成integral, integrate2.214 成正比proportio nal to2.215 成反比inversely proportional to2.216 概率probability2.217 归纳法inductive method2.218 外推法extrapolation method2.219 插入法interpolation method2.220 最大似然法maximum likelihood method2.221 图解法graphic method2.222 有限元法finite element method2.223 模拟法simulation method2.224 方波回应step response2.225 迭加电荷superimposed charge2.226 杂散电容stray capacitance2.227 无损探伤non-distractive flaw detection2.228 红外线扫描infrared scanning2.229 计算机辅助设计computer aided design(CAD)2.230 计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing(CAM)2.231 计算机辅助试验computer aidedtest(CAT)2.233 近似于approximate( approx)minute(rpm)2.235 速度velocity2.236 加速度acceleration2.237 重力加速度gravitational acceleration 2.238 引力traction2.240 件数pieces2.242 缩写abbreviation2.243 以下简称为hereinafter referred as xxx2.244 常用单位units commonly used2.245 包括缩写including abbreviations2.246 分米decimeter 厘米centimeter2.247 海里knot2.248 码yard2.249 磅pound(1b) 磅/平方英寸pound per square inch(ppsi)2.251 英制热量单位British thermal unit (BTU) 2.252 马力horsepower2.253 压强intensity of pressure2.254 帕斯卡Pascal(Pa)2.255 千帕kpa 兆帕Mpa2.256 粘度viscosity2.257 帕斯卡秒pascal.second2.258 泊poise 厘泊centipoises2.259 焦耳joule(J) 千瓦时kilowatt-hour(kwh)2.260 特斯拉tesla(T) 高斯gaue(Gs)2.261 奥斯特oersted(0e) 库仑coulomb(C) 2.262 微微库Pico-coulomb(PC)2.263 达因dyne2.264 摄氏度Celsius, centigrade( C)2.265 开尔文Kelvin 法拉farad(F)2.266 皮可法拉pico-farad(pF)2.268 立方分米cubic decimeter立方厘米cubic centimeter2.269 桶barrel 石油petroleum2.270 标准国际单位制standard international unit2.271 厘米-克秒单位制CGS unit 2.272 环境设备ambience apparatus2.273 校验calibration2.274 兼容性compatibility2.275 扩散系数diffusion coefficient2.276 故障fault2.277 公顷hectarePART3 典型产品结构3.1 芯式，内铁式core type3.2 壳式，外铁式shell type3.3 铁心core3.4 磁路magnetic circuit3.5 线圈winding, coil3.6 高压线圈HV winding3.7 中压线圈MV winding3.8 低压线圈LV winding3.9 调压线圈tapped winding, regulating winding3.10 高压引线high-voltage leads3.11 中压引线mid-voltage leads3.12 低压引线low-voltage leads3.13 夹件clamping frame3.14 上部夹件upper clamping3.15 下部夹件lower clamping3.16 线圈压紧螺栓winding compressing bolt 3.17 线圈压紧装置winding compressing device3.18 线圈端部绝缘end insulation of winding3.19 器身定位装置positioning device for active-part3.20 定位装置fixing device3.21 铁心垫脚foot-plate of core3.22 垫脚foot-pad3.23 分接引线tapping leads, tap leads3.24 引线支架supporting frame for leads3.25 无励磁分接开关non-excitation tap-changer3.26 无载分接开关off-circuit tap-changer3.27 分接选择器tap selector3.28 有载分接开关on-loadtap-changer(OLTC) on-circuit tap-changer3.29 切换开关diverter switch3.30 选择开关selector switch3.31 转换选择器change-over selector2.234 每分钟转数revolution per3.32 粗选择器coarse tap selector3.33 触头组set of contacts3.34 过度触头transition contacts3.35 过度阻抗transition impedance3.36 有载开关操纵机构operating mechanism of OLTC3.37 驱动机构driving mechanism3.38 电动机构motor drive3.39 垂直转动轴vertical driving shaft 水平转动轴horizontal driving shaft3.40 伞尺轮盒bevel gear box3.41 防雨罩drip-proof cap3.42 联轴节coupling3.43 最大分接maximum tapping 最小分接minimum tapping3.44 额定分接rated tapping, principal tapping3.45 固定分接位置数number of inherent tapping positions 工作分接位置数number of service tapping positions3.46 主分接principal tap, main tap 正分接plus tapping 负分接minus tapping3.47 分接变换操作tap-changer operation tap position indicator tapping voltage of atapping current of atapping power of awinding3.52 分接范围tapping range3.53 分接量tapping quantities3.54 分接因子tapping factor3.55 分接工作能力tapping duty3.56 分接线tapping step3.57 分接线tapping connection3.58 分接引线tapping lead3.59 小车支架及滚轮bogie frame and wheel3.61 箱底tank bottom3.62 箱盖tank cover3.63 箱沿tank rim3.64 垫脚垫块supporting block for foot-pad 3.65 联管接头tube connector3.66 联接法兰connecting flange3.67 加强筋，加强板stiffener3.68 油箱垂直加强铁vertical stiffening channel of tank wall3.69 油箱活门oil sampling valve3.70 放油活门oil drainningvalve3.71 冷却器cooler3.72 集中安装concentrated installation 3.73 集中安装强油循环风冷器concentrated installation of forced-oil circulating air cooler3.74 冷却器进口inlet of cooler冷却器出口outlet of cooler3.75 潜油泵oil-submerged pump3.76 油流继电器oil flow relay3.77 净油器oil filter3.78 虹吸净油器oil siphon filter3.79 散热器radiator3.80 片式散热器panel type radiator3.81 管式散热器tubular radiator3.82 放油塞oil draining plug3.83 放气塞air exhausting plug3.84 蝶阀radiator valve butterfly valve3.85 风扇支架supporting frame for fan motors3.86 风扇及电机fan and motor3.87 风扇接线盒connecting box for fan motors3.88 储油柜conservator3.89 油位计oil-level indicator3.90 气体继电器gas relay, buchholz realy 3.91 皮托继电器pitot relay3.92 储油柜联管elbow joint for conservator 3.93 有载开关用储油柜conservator for OLTC3.94 有载开关用气体继电器gas relay for OLTC3.95 联管tube connector3.96 吸湿器dehydrating breather3.97 铭牌rating plate3.98 温度计thermometer3.98 指示仪表柜cabinet panel for indicating instruments3.99 风扇控制柜cabinet panel for fan motor control3.100 压力释放阀pressure-relief valve3.101 安全气道explosion-proof pope3.102 膨胀器expander3.103 主排气导管main gas-conduit3.104 分支导气管branching gas-conduit3.105 滤油界面tube connector for oil-filter 3.106 温度计座thermometer socket3.107 储油柜支架supporting frame for conservator3.108 高压套管HV bushing3.48 分接位置指示器3.49 线圈分接电压winding3.50 线圈分接电流winding3.51 线圈分接容量3.109 高压套管均压球equipotential shielding for HV bushing3.110 高压零相套管HV neutral bushing, HV bushing phase03.111 中压套管MV bushing3.112 中压零相套管MV neutral bushing,MV bushing phase03.113 低压套管LV bushing3.114 接地套管earthing bushing3.115 极性polarity3.116 极化polarization3.117 高压套管储油柜conservator for HV bushing3.118 相间隔板interphase insulating barrier 3.119 吊攀lifting lug3.120 安装轨道installation rail3.121 相序标志牌designation mark of phase sequence3.122 接地螺栓earthing bolt3.123 视察窗inspection hole3.124 手孔handhole3.125 人孔manhole3.126 MR 有载开关MR OLTC3.127 ABB 有载开关ABB OLTC3.128 伊林有载开关ELIN OLTC3.129 F& 套管F&G bushingPART4 铁心结构4.1 多框式铁心multi-frame type core4.2 三相三柱铁心three-phase three-limb core4.3 三相五柱铁心three-phase five-limb core4.4 卷铁心wound core4.5 冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon sheet steel4.6 晶粒crystalline grain4.7 高导磁硅钢片HI-B silicon sheet steel 4.8 铁心片core lamination4.9 一迭铁心 a lamination stock4.10 铁心迭积图lamination drawing, lamination diagram4.11 迭片lamination4.12 迭片系数lamination factor4.13 空间利用系数space factor4.14 层间绝缘layer insulation 4.15 斜接缝mitring4.16 45°斜接缝45° mitred joint4.17 斜接缝的交错排列方式over-lay arrangement for mitred joints of lamination 4.18 重迭overlap4.19 铁心油通oil-duct of core4.20 铁心气道air ventilating duct of core4.21 阶梯接缝stepped lay joint4.22 对接铁心butt jointed core4.23 渐开线铁心evolute core, involute core 4.24 空气隙air gap4.25 铁心拉板tensile plate of core limb, core drawplate4.26 铁心柱core limb, core lge4.27 轭，铁轭yoke4.28 上轭upper yoke下轭lower yoke旁轭side yoke, return yoke4.29 环氧绑扎带epoxy-bonded bandage4.30 轭拉带yoke tensile belt4.31 铁轭拉带banded band of core yoke4.32 上轭顶梁top jointing beam of upper yoke 4.33 侧梁side beam4.34 夹件clamping frame4.35 铁心夹件core clamps, coreframe4.36 铁轭夹件yoke clamping, yoke clamps 4.37 上夹件upper yoke clamping, upper yoke clamps4.38 下夹件lower yoke clampings, lower yoke clamps4.39 夹件腹板web of yoke clamping4.40 夹件肢板limb of yoke clamping4.41 夹件加强stiffening plate of clamping4.42 压线圈的压钉winding compressing bolt4.43 压钉螺母nut for compressing bolt4.44 弹簧压钉compressing bolt with spring 4.45 油缸压钉compressing bolt with hydraulic damper4.46 线圈支撑架winding supporter4.47 线圈支撑架 winding supporting plate 4.48 垫脚 foot pad 4.49 定位孔 positioning hole4.50 带螺母的定位柱 positioning stud 4.51 拉螺杆 tensile rod5.15 部 分 纠 结 式 线 圈 partial-interleaved winding5.16 插花纠结式线圈 sandwich-interleaved winding5.17 内 屏 连 续 式 线 圈 4.52 夹件夹紧螺杆 yoke clamping bolt 4.53 铁心接地片 core earthing strip 4.54 铁心地屏 4.55 旁轭地屏 4.56 接地屏蔽 earthing screen of code earthing screen of side yoke earthing shield 4.57 铁心窗高 core window height 4.58 中心距 M center line distance M 4.59 铁心中间距 center distance between lombs 4.60 木垫块 4.61 迭片系数 4.62 铁心的级4.63 心 柱 外 接 圆 core leg 4.64 铁心端面 lamination 4.65 木棒 wood padding block laminationfactor stage of lamination stacks circumscribed circle of innershield-continuous winding5.18 插 入 电 容 式 线 圈 capacitor shield winding5.19 高 串 联 电 容 线 圈 high series capacitance winding5.20 双饼式线圈 twin-disk winding 5.21 交 错 式 线 圈 sandwich winding, staggered winding5.22 螺 旋 式 线 圈 helical winding, helix winding5.23 半螺旋式线圈 semi-helical winding4.66 定位板 PART5 线圈结构5.1 圆筒式线圈 5.2 层式线圈 5.3饼式线圈 core surface perpendicular to wood bar, wood rod positioning plate cylindrical winding5.24 单列 螺 旋式 线圈 single-row helicalwinding5.25 双列 螺旋式 线圈 double-row helicalwinding5.26 三列 螺旋式 线圈 three-row helical5.4 单层圆筒式线圈 winding 5.5 双层圆筒式线圈winding 5.6 多层圆筒式线圈 winding 5.7 大型层式 线圈 winding 5.8 分段圆筒式线圈 5.9 分段多层圆筒线圈layer winding disk winding single layer cylindricaldouble layer cylindrical multi-layer cylindrical large size long layer sectional layer winding sectional multi-layer winding5.27 短螺旋式线圈 short helical winding 5.28 螺旋式线 圈引 出端的 固定 terminal fixing for helical winding 5.29 分裂式线圈 split winding 5.30 分段式线圈 sectional winding 5.31 箔式线圈 foil winding5.32 全 绝 缘 线 圈 uniformly insulated winding5.33 分 级 绝 缘 线 圈 gradedly insulated winding, winding with non-uniform insulation 5.34 第三线圈 tertiary winding 5.35 高压线圈 high-voltage winding 5.36 中 压 线 圈 mid-voltage winding, intermediate voltage windingwinding5.10 连续式线圈 continuous winding 5.11 半 连 续 式 线 圈 semi-continuous 5.37 低压线圈 5.38 调压线圈 windinglow-voltage winding regulating winding,tappedwinding 5.12 纠结式线圈 interleaved winding 5.13 纠结饼式线圈 interleaved disc winding5.14 纠 结 — 连 续 式 线 圈 interleaved-continuous winding5.39 辅助线圈 5.40 平衡线圈 5.41 稳定线圈 5.42 公共线圈 5.43 串联线圈 5.44 连耦线圈 auxiliary winding balance winding stabilizing winding common winding series winding coupling winding5.45 励磁线圈 exciting winding, energizing winding5.46 一次线圈 primary winding 5.47 二次线圈 secondary winding 5.48 左绕 left-wound 5.49 右绕 right-wound 5.50 星形联结 star connection 5.51 三角形联结 delta connection 5.52 曲折形联结 zigzag connection 5.53 T 形联结 scott connection5.54 开口三角形联结 open-delta connection 5.55 开口线圈 open winding5.57 线段 winding disk, winding section 5.58 线层 winding layer 5.59 匝绝缘 turn insulation 5.60 层绝缘 layer insulation5.61 段 绝 缘 insulation between disks, section insulation5.62 端绝缘 end insulation 5.63 顶部端环 top support ring 5.64 分接头 tapping terminal 5.65 分接区 tapping zone5.66 段间横垫块 radial spacer between disks 5.67 燕尾垫块 chock 5.68 燕尾撑条 dovetail strip 5.69 垫块的厚度 spacer thickness 5.70 垫块的宽度 spacer width 5.71 撑条 stick, duct strip 5.72 轴向撑条 axial strip 5.73 油道 oil-duct, oil passage 5.74 径向油道 radial oil-duct 5.75 段间油道 oil-duct between disks 5.76 段 间 过 度 联 线 transfer connection between disks5.77 段间换位联线 transposed connection between disksS 弯 S-bend 线圈起始端 initial terminal of winding 线圈终端 轴向深度 径向深度 绝缘纸筒 匝间绝缘 绝缘角环5.86 线匝间垫条 insulating filling strips betweenturns 5.87 分数匝fractional turn 5.88 整数匝integer turn5.89 近似一圈 approximate roll5.90 并绕导线 parallel wound conductors 5.91 多股导线 multi-strand conductors 5.92 电磁线 electro-magnetic conductor 5.93 组合导线 composite conductor 5.94 换 位 导 线 transposed conductor, transposed cable5.95 纸包线 paper wrapped conductor 5.96 纸包导线 covered conductor 5.97 漆包线 enameled conductor 5.98 圆线 round wire5.99 硬 拉 铜 导 线 hard drawn copper conductor5.100 退火导线 annealed conductor 5.101 玻 璃 丝 包 线 glass-fiber covered conductor5.102 纸槽 paper channel 5.103 绑线 binding wire 5.104 绑绳 binding rope 5.105 静电板 electrostatic plate 5.106 静电环 electrostatic ring5.107 端部电容环 capacitive layer end ring 5.108 端 部 电 容 屏 capacitive layer end screen5.109 屏蔽环 shielding ring 5.110 屏蔽线 shielding conductor 5.111 屏蔽角环 shroud petal 5.112 绝缘包扎 insulation wrapping 5.113 线圈总高度 overall height of winding 5.114 铜线高度 copper height of winding 5.115 线圈调整 trimming of winding 5.116 线 圈 浸 漆 varnish impregnation of winding5.117 线圈的换位 transposition of winding 5.118 标准换位 standard transposition 5.119 分组换位 transposition by groups 5.120 线 圈 展 开 图 planiform drawing of winding5.121 线 圈 的 干 燥 与 压 缩 drying and compressing of winding5.122 绝 缘 的 压 缩 收 缩 率 shrinkage of5.78 5.79 5.80 final terminal of winding axial depth radial depth insulating cylinder turn insulation5.815.825.83 5.84insulating angled ring (collar5.85ring)insulation under compression5.123 无氧铜导线deoxygenized copper conductor5.124 铝合金导线aluminum-alloy conductorPART6 油箱结构及附件6.1 钟罩式油箱bell type tank6.2 上节油箱upper part of tank6.3 下节油箱bottom part of tank6.4 箱壁tank wall6.5 带磁屏箱壁tank wall with magnetic shield 6.6 箱底tank bottom6.7 箱盖tank cover6.8 箱沿tank rim6.9 箱沿护框pad frame for tank rim gasket 6.10 边缘垫片rim6.11 加强筋, 加强板stiffener6.12 联管头tube connecting flange6.13 放油活门draining valve6.14 油样活门oil sampling valve6.15 油样活塞oil sampling plug6.16 闸阀gate valve6.17 蝶阀butterfly valve6.18 球阀ball valve6.19 压力释放阀pressure relief valve6.20 安全气道explosion-proof pipe6.21 真空接头connecting flange for evacuation6.22 滤油接头connecting flange for oil filter 6.23 水银温度计pocket for mercury thermometer6.24 铭牌底板base plate of rating plate6.25 手孔handhole6.26 人孔manhole6.27 升高座ascending flanged base turret6.28 吊攀lifting lug6.29 千斤顶支座jacking lug6.30 定位钉positioning pin6.31 盖板cover plate 6.32 临时盖板temporary cover plate6.33 带隔膜储油柜conservator with rubber diaphragm6.34 带胶囊储油柜conservator with rubber bladder6.35 沉淀盒precipitation well6.36 导气管air exhausting pipe6.37 导油管oil conduit6.38 吊环lifting eyebolt6.39 有围栏的梯子ladder with balustrade6.40 适形油箱form-fit tank6.41 呼吸器breather6.42 气体继电器gas relay, buchholz relay6.43 皮托继电器pitot relay6.44 流动继电器flow relay6.45 风冷却器air cooler6.46 水冷却器water cooler6.47 冷却器托架bracket for cooler6.48 冷却器拉杆tensile rod for cooler6.49 潜油泵oil-submerged pump6.50 流量flow quantity6.51 扬程lift6.52 控制箱control box6.53 控制盘control panel6.54 端子箱terminal box6.55 端子排terminal block6.56 风扇接线盒connecting box for fan-motors6.57 金属软管metallic hose6.58 封闭母线联结法兰joint flange for enclosed bus-bar6.59 管式油位指示器tubular oil-level indicator6.60 磁铁式油位指示器magnetic type oil-level indicatorPART7 铁心制造7.1 产品制造manufacturing of products7.2 硅钢片纵剪silicon steel sheet slitting7.3 硅钢片横剪silicon steel sheet cutting tolength7.4 多刀滚剪机multi-disk-cutter slitting machine7.5 纵剪slitting横剪cut-to-length7.6 纵剪生产线slitting line7.7 横剪生产线cut-to-length line7.8 开卷机decoiler7.9 毛刺burr7.10 铁心片预迭pre-stacking of core lamination7.11 铁心迭装core assembly7.12 铁心迭片core lamination7.13 选片pre-selection of lamination7.14 迭片lamination stacking7.15 两片一迭stacked by two-sheet7.16 打(敲)齐knock to even7.17 迭装流转台core assembly tilting platform7.18 不迭上轭core stacking without upper yoke7.19 打铁心用垫块knock block7.20 铁心料盘lamination stocking tray7.21 卷铁心机core winding machine7.22 铁心退火core annealing7.23 铁心中间试验interprocess core test7.24 片的角度偏差angular misalignment of lamination7.25 宽度偏差width deviation7.26 长度偏差length deviation7.27 铁心的垂直度verticality of core7.28 铁心起立tilt the core into vertical position7.29 迭片的定位挡板positioning stopper for core assembly7.30 硅钢片的涂漆varnish coating of silicon steel sheet7.31 片间绝缘试验lamination insulation test7.32 半导体粘带semi-conductive adhesive tape7.33 半干环氧粘带semi-cured epoxy adhesive tape7.34 粘带的固化cure of adhesive tape7.35 夹紧铁心工具clamping tools for core 7.36 铁心柱的夹紧装置tightening device for core leg7.37 铁心翻转台tilting platform of core7.38 螺旋千斤顶screw jack7.39 水平尺level gauge, level instrument7.40 专用套筒搬手special socket spanner 7.41 迭片的工艺孔punching hole on the lamination for manufacturing purpose7.42 迭板导棒guiding bar for core assembly 7.43 力短搬手torque spanner, torque wrench7.44 角度测量平台angular measuring platform7.45 切口防锈漆antirust coating for cutting edges7.46 铁心的油道撑条strips for core oil-ducts7.47 撑条粘结sticking of strips7.48 级间衬纸insulating paper between core stages7.48 冲孔模hole punching die7.49 缺口模notch punching die7.50 皮裙leather apron7.51 防护袖protective sleeve7.52 护臂shoulder guard7.53 护腿shin guardPART8 线圈制造8.1 绕线机，卷线机winding machine8.2 卧式绕线机horizontal winding machine 8.3 立式绕线机vertical winding machine8.4 绕盘架bracket for conductor drums, bracket for wire drums8.5 导线盘conductor drum, wire drum8.6 导线拉紧装置conductor tensile device, wire tensile device。
变压器专业英语翻译
变压器专业英语翻译1、元件设备三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 电容器：Capacitor并联电容器：shunt capacitor电抗器：Reactor母线：Busbar输电线：TransmissionLine发电厂：power plant断路器：Breaker刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator分接头：tap电动机：motor-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2、状态参数有功：active power无功：reactive power电流：current容量：capacity电压：voltage档位：tap position无功损耗：reactive loss有功损耗：active loss功率因数：power-factor功率：power功角：power-angle电压等级：voltage grade空载损耗：no-load loss铁损：iron loss铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current阻抗：impedance正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance电阻：resistor电抗：reactance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance无功负载：reactive load 或者QLoad有功负载: active load Load遥测：YC(telemetering)遥信：YX励磁电流(转子电流)：magnetizing current 定子：stator功角：power-angle上限:upper limit下限：lower limit并列的：apposable高压: high voltage低压：low voltage中压：middle voltage电力系统power system发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current母线bus变压器transformer升压变压器step-up transformer高压侧high side输电系统power transmission system输电线transmission line固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation 稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability功角稳定angle stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant能量输送power transfer交流AC装机容量installed capacity电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower 变电站transformer substation补偿度degree of compensation高抗high voltage shunt reactor无功补偿reactive power compensation故障fault调节regulation裕度magin三相故障three phase fault故障切除时间fault clearing time极限切除时间critical clearing time切机generator triping高顶值high limited value强行励磁reinforced excitation线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)机端generator terminal静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system 机端电压控制AVR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功（功率）active power无功（功率）reactive power功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current下降特性droop characteristics斜率slope额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器T分接头tap下降率droop rate仿真分析simulation analysis传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side裕度margin同步synchronization失去同步loss of synchronization 阻尼damping摇摆swing保护断路器circuit breaker电阻：resistance电抗：reactance阻抗：impedance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance导纳：admittance电感：inductance电容: capacitance-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Absorber Circuit ——吸收电路AC/AC Frequency Converter ——交交变频电路AC power control ——交流电力控制AC ower Controller ——交流调功电路AC Power Electronic Switch ——交流电力电子开关Ac Voltage Controller ——交流调压电路Asynchronous Modulation ——异步调制Baker Clamping Circuit ——贝克箝位电路Bi-directional Triode Thyristor ——双向晶闸管Bipolar Junction Transistor-- BJT ——双极结型晶体管Boost-Buck Chopper ——升降压斩波电路Boost Chopper ——升压斩波电路Boost Converter ——升压变换器Bridge Reversible Chopper ——桥式可逆斩波电路Buck Chopper ——降压斩波电路Buck Converter ——降压变换器Commutation ——换流Conduction Angle ——导通角Constant Voltage Constant Frequency --CVCF ——恒压恒频Continuous Conduction--CCM ——（电流）连续模式Control Circuit ——控制电路Cuk Circuit ——CUK斩波电路Current Reversible Chopper ——电流可逆斩波电路Current Source Type Inverter--CSTI ——电流（源）型逆变电路Cycloconvertor ——周波变流器DC-AC-DC Converter ——直交直电路DC Chopping ——直流斩波DC Chopping Circuit ——直流斩波电路DC-DC Converter ——直流－直流变换器Device Commutation ——器件换流Direct Current Control ——直接电流控制Discontinuous Conduction mode ——（电流）断续模式displacement factor ——位移因数distortion power ——畸变功率double end converter ——双端电路driving circuit ——驱动电路electrical isolation ——电气隔离fast acting fuse ——快速熔断器fast recovery diode ——快恢复二极管fast recovery epitaxial diodes ——快恢复外延二极管fast switching thyristor ——快速晶闸管field controlled thyristor ——场控晶闸管flyback converter ——反激电流forced commutation ——强迫换流forward converter ——正激电路frequency converter ——变频器full bridge converter ——全桥电路full bridge rectifier ——全桥整流电路full wave rectifier ——全波整流电路fundamental factor ——基波因数gate turn-off thyristor——GTO ——可关断晶闸管general purpose diode ——普通二极管giant transistor——GTR ——电力晶体管half bridge converter ——半桥电路hard switching ——硬开关high voltage IC ——高压集成电路hysteresis comparison ——带环比较方式indirect current control ——间接电流控制indirect DC-DC converter ——间接DC- DC转换器insulated-gate bipolar transistor---IGBT ——绝缘栅双极晶体管intelligent power module---IPM ——智能功率模块integrated gate-commutated thyristor---IGCT ——集成门极换流晶闸管inversion ——逆变latching effect ——擎住效应leakage inductance ——漏感light triggered thyristo---LTT ——光控晶闸管line commutation ——电网换流load commutation ——负载换流loop current ——环流。
毕业论文中英文翻译-变电站翻译
毕业论文中英文翻译-变电站翻译本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译院（系部）___专业名称___________________ 年级班级_______________学生姓名___________________ 指导老师英文文献Second substation equipment over-voltage protection on electronic information system for the protection of core equipment fur the construction of a protected both pressure and other potential system, and through all levels of over-voltaj»c surge protectors of the current step by step into the land ， Substation secondary safety equipment and reliable operation.1second over-voltage substation protectionJn recent years, the substation communicadon!；, communications systems, protection systems, background management module frequent over-voltage damage, the main reason for this is weak and its related systems products over-voltage protection level is or no guard against over-vol(agt 1 ^chnical measures, the consequences for the safe operation of power grids bring about a greater negative impact. With integrated automation systems and automation systems such as communication systems in the substation weak secondary by the wider use of sitch electronic systems (equipment) components of the integrated more and more, the growing volume of information storage^ speed and accuracy of the Increased and operates only a few volts, current information only microiiinp level, thus extremely sensitive to outside interference, especially the lightning and electrumagnetic pulse, such as over-voltage tolerance is low・ When thunder and lightnings such as over-voltage and accompanied by the electromagnetic fields reach a certain threshold^ ranging from system failure caused, resulted in heavy equipment or permanent damage to its components. Despite the thunder and lightning viewpoint of electronic systems (equipment) is unlikely, but lightning strike near the land, building communication and air supply line directly l^eiyun discharge form, or because of electrostatic induction nnd the impact of electromagnetic induction formation of over-voltage, There might be connected to the power lines, signal lines or grounding system, through various interfaces to transfer, coupling, radiation and other forms of invasive electronic system (equipment) und lead to serious disturbances or incidents. Therefore, strengthening and improving the electronic system (equipment) protectioru to minimize the impact of interierence by lightning and other damage caused direct losses and indirect losses, has become the urgent need to solve the prublenL2over-voltage protection design】EC (International Electrotechnical Com miss ion) TC/81 mine technical committee will be divided into internal and external mine mint in two parts, the external mine is lightning rod (or with lightning, lightning network), Vin Xiaxian and grounding system, Objects to be protected from direct lightning ^trikes^mine is to prevent internal lightning and other internal over-voltage damage caused by invasive equipment. A comprehensive mine and over-voltage protection systems must be integrated use of discharge (segregation), both pressure (and other potential), shielding (isolation), grounded, limit pressure (clamp) protection, and other technology, in accordance with the external mine And the principle of internal mine, in accordance with the targets of protective features, flexible application to take concrete measures, constitute a complete protection system. Over-voltage substation in the form are: Lightning over-voltage, the resonant frequency over-voltage and over-voltage, over-voltage operation, these over-voltage transmission or electromagnetic induction to the way the lines and equipment on a dangerous over-voltage, in particular, Lightning over-voltage, lightning substation, in the low-voltage power supply system and weak system to produce a strong over-voltage sensor, while the substation to potential rise (for example: the substation grounding resistance to 1 Q, lightning current 10 kA, while the potential for 10 kV), due to the increased potential of the counter lines and equipment damaged lines and equipment and the events have occurred, therefore, despite the substation outside the mine system (lightning rod. Yin Xiaxian And grounding devices) in line with national standards and the requirements of Buban, and the integrated automation and communications automation systems, such as weak secondary have been taken, such as shielding, grounding, isolation, filtering, and other measures, but it can not completely avoid over-voltage powerful lightning And voltage of the system counter the disruption caused damage and, therefore, the second weak system substation and a mine-voltage must also take the appropriate protective measures, in accordance with the IEC within the mine area EMP, the device's power cord, signal Lines, data lines, and the installation of lightning protection and internal over-voltage devices to prevent lightning sensors, channeling people along the lightning current, voltage counterattack, such as transient voltage surge too transient over-voltage caused by a fault and damaged electronic equipment. Over-voltage surge protection in accordance with its connection mode is divided into two series and parallel, the use of over-voltage surge protection tandem with, there may exist because of signal transmission does not match the causes of transmission of the signal interference, in particular data Communication Interface in the series were over-voltage surge protection in place, will have the normal data communications. Therefore, the data communications access I: I in the series were over-voltage surge protection in place, the transmission of data must be carried out conscientiously check if the data are not normal transmission, it maybe due to the reasons do not match the transmission signal Interference, should be replaced to match the over-voltage surge protection for. If the use of over-voltage surge protection for use of parallel, the situation is basically non-existent, but the connection mode of over-voltage surge protection for higher technical requirements.3 secondary system over-voltage substation protection 3.1points over-voltage electricity system protectionSubstation installed in the communications dispatch automation systems are used AC power or a DC power supply equipment for the rectification of its links are generally larger capacity filter capacitance, the transient over-voltage shock absorption of a certain extent, the station Low-voltage transformer side go to feed between the screen using a shielded cable and equipment have a good grounding, the use of modern technology to analyze mine, we must increase the circuit's segregation measures, because its grounding, protection and other electrical grounding all Grounding devices using the same equipment, and equipment are in a LPZOB, the relative strength of strong electromagnetic pulse, the station changed to prevent low-pressure side although there are lines intrusive wave arrester, but the residual pressure high, in the substation of lightning, through the line Coupling and the potential rise caused by over-voltage counterattack still exist, and high-pressure side of the residual pressure as high as several thousand volts, it is necessary to these scheduling automation equipmentfor the power supply over-voltage circuit protection. Lightning Protection in accordance with the principle of regional division, substation equipment in the secondary power supply system over-voltage sensors lightning protection may be two (B, C level) for the protection of segregation. B-mine use is generally greater flow capacity of the mine installations, the Lightning could be more casual Liuxie people, to achieve the objective of current limit, over-voltage at the same time will reduce to a certain extent, c-mine use With lower residual pressure of the mine installations, you can loop in the remaining scattered lightning Liuxie people, to limit the purpose of over-voltage, over-voltage equipment can be reduced to the level of tolerance. The main power supply system is inhibited lightning protection and operation of the power back to the road and over-voltage surge. According to the substation status of the substation of the second mine-sensing system and the operation and use of two over-voltage protection. As build more substations in the region more open, relatively strong electromagnetic strength, power lines and communication cables are very vulnerable to lightning attacks sensors, sensors along the over-voltage power lines and communication lines into one device, which will damage equipment, Therefore, the exchange of first-class bus to install the power protection (B level) is to ensure the safety of the entire control room, and 80 percent of the over-voltage China, scattered to the earth, play a primary role in the protection, but are still in the exchange of feeder Some of the B-level power supply voltage and mine the residual pressure increases on-line and must therefore be important in the exchange of feeder lines (DC charging screen, UPS, etc.) c-level power protection, which would curb over-voltage electrical equipment to back-end To the level of tolerance.Protective location: It is 1 EC1312 (LEMP protection "in the region of lightning protection principles. Arrester installation should be in different locations at the junction of protected areas, this network, the first-class protection should be located in the bus exchange. In Two on the bus with the installation of a B-class models of a three-phase power supply voltage surge protector.Install Location: AC bus (cabinet).For the more important feeder lines on the exchange of equipment, here for the DC charge screen, the installation of c-level three-phase power arrester. As DC charging screen is two-way exchange of electricity supply, so the screen in the DC charge with the installation of two models of c-level three-phase power supply over-voltage surge protector. Installation location should choose the DC charge screen open exchange of air power Commissioner Office.3.2integrated automation system over-voltage protectionProtective position: Computer-based integrated automation system's ability to bear a very low voltage, several hundred volts of over-voltage is enough to damage the equipment, so must the high side arrester the residual pressure (thousands of volts) to further curb to meet equipment Insulation level of need, and because of the potential rise to power and the induction loop is also over-voltage line up on KV, to be used in the exchange of integrated automation system to the exchange on the c-level single-phase installation of a surge Voltage protection. Location should choose to install automated-ping in the Composite Air switch the AC power.3.3did not ask off power supplies (UPS) over-voltage protectionProtection here: because of the internal computer systems, hubs, monitoring equipment, electric energy billing systems and so on through the UPS power supply protection, in order to protect the safety of these micro-electronics equipment, the UPS power supply device in front of the installation of a c-Surge Voltage protection. Optional models: The (UPS for single-phase power input) C-class single-phase power surge or over-voltage protection (UPS for the three-phase power input) of c-level three-phase power supply over-voltage surge protector. Installation should choose the location of UPS into the front line.3.4communication interface over-voltage protectionCommunication Interface over-voltage protection compared with the grid supply system, this over-voltage circuit on the degree of sensitivity is much higher, and these are over-voltage equipment in the circumstances itis very fragile. Equipment insulation tolerance level is very low. With the equipment connected to a signal line, data lines, measurement and control lines, and these are basically in line LPZOB region, but also through the LVZOA region, on the lines of sensors over-voltage relatively strong, according to the IEC test, when the electromagnetic field Strength increased to 0.07 GS, will have a micro-computer equipment malfunction, loss of data. And the safety of these circuits is directly related to a system of safety equipment, so important to be on the interface circuit over-voltage protection.3.4.1remote computer interface devices over-voltage protectionProtective position: As substation computer remote installations scattered distribution structure. From remote modules, intelligent telemetry module, intelligent remote control module, intelligent remote-module. The modules are installed in different automated-ping, through the RS232 interface between the modules or field bus communication. These interfaces are in the indoor circuit, equipment interface circuits shorter the distance, so there will be no more sensors to the over-voltage, but the automation equipment and other secondary equipment (measurement unit, computer, etc.) have electrical connections, when Other secondary equipment sensors to a strong over-voltage sensors, will be counter to these automation equipment, communications interface, so that damage to equipment interface circuits, it is necessary in these devices RS232 interfaces on the installation of a surge Voltage protection. Installation location should choose the remote computer interface devices, communications lines.3.4.2electric energy billing system signals over-voltage protectionA protective position: a multi-functional electronic power substationtable, energy acquisition, the electronic power meter to bear a very low voltage levels. As Meter and remote computer stations in the communications equipment used RS232 interfaces, the communication line is longer, and in LVZOB region, near the substation or by direct lightning strike at the substation, proximity to the high voltage sensors, In order to prevent damage to equipment. E-Meter in and around the RS232 port RS232installation of the over-voltage surge protector. Location should choose to install electronic power meter in and around the port, RS232.The location of protection: electronic power meter through the acquisition of information on the collector's MODEM (modem) from telephone lines to send data to a remote, since the introduction of telephone lines from the outside, thelines on the sensor to sensor lightning current relatively strong, easy to Modem interface equipment damage, it is necessary in the telephone line modem interface, the installation of an interface over-voltage surge protector. Location should choose to install telephone Chuxian inside and outside phone lines-the-line people.变电站的过电压保护是以电子信息系统为保护核心，为被保护设备构建一个均压等电位系统，并通过各级过电压浪涌保护器逐级把电流泄放入大地，使变电站设备安全和可靠地运行。
变压器英译词汇表
Chopped wave lightning impulse
49 冲击伏秒特性
Voltage time characteristics of impulse
50 爬电距离
Creepage distance
51 体积电阻
Volume resistance
52 截断时间
Time to chopping
Discharge
30 局部放电
Partial discharge
31 破坏性放电
Disruptive discharge
32 局部放电起始电压
Partial discharge inception voltage
33 局部放电终止电压
Partial discharge extinction voltage
58 标称值
Nominal value
59 导电率
Admittance
60 电导
Conductance, conductivity
61 介质损耗率
Dielectric loss
62 介损角的正切值
Loss tangent
63 电晕放电
Corona discharge
64 闪络
Flashover
65 内（外）绝缘
154 焦耳
Joule
155 千瓦时
Kilowatt-hour
156 特斯拉
78 复合误差
Composite error
79 暂态特性（误差） Transient characteristics(error)
80 额定短时热电流
Rated short thermal current
81 额定连续热电流
电气类毕业设计外文翻译
附录1 中文参考资料1．变压器是变换交流电压、电流和阻抗的器件，当初级线圈中通有交流电流时，铁芯（或磁芯）中便产生交流磁通，使次级线圈中感应出电压（或电流）。
变压器由铁芯（或磁芯）和线圈组成，线圈有两个或两个以上的绕组，其中接电源的绕组叫初级线圈，其余的绕组叫次级线圈。
2. 理想变压器不计一次、二次绕组的电阻和铁耗，其间耦合系数K=1 的变压器称之为理想变压器描述理想变压器的电动势平衡方程式为e1(t) =-N1dφ/dt、e2(t)=-N2dφ/dt若一次、二次绕组的电压、电动势的瞬时值均按正弦规律变化，则有不计铁心损失，根据能量守恒原理可得由此得出一次、二次绕组电压和电流有效值的关系令K=N1/N2，称为匝比（亦称电压比）。
3. 变压器的结构简介（1）铁心是变压器中主要的磁路部分。
通常由含硅量较高，厚度分别为0.35 mm\0.3mm\0.27 mm，表面涂有绝缘漆的热轧或冷轧硅钢片叠装而成铁心分为铁心柱和横片俩部分，铁心柱套有绕组；横片是闭合磁路之用铁心结构的基本形式有心式和壳式两种（2）绕组是变压器的电路部分，它是用双丝包绝缘扁线或漆包圆线绕成变压器的基本原理是电磁感应原理，现以单相双绕组变压器为例说明其基本工作原理:当一次侧绕组上加上电压Ú1时，流过电流Í1，在铁芯中就产生交变磁通Ø1，这些磁通称为主磁通，在它作用下，两侧绕组分别感应电势É1，É2，感应电势公式为：E=4.44fNØm 式中：E--感应电势有效值，f--频率，N--匝数，Øm--主磁通最大值，由于二次绕组与一次绕组匝数不同，感应电势E1和E2大小也不同，当略去内阻抗压降后，电压Ú1和Ú2大小也就不同。
当变压器二次侧空载时，一次侧仅流过主磁通的电流（Í0），这个电流称为激磁电流。
变压器-外文翻译
外文翻译TransformerA Transformer is a device that change ac electric energy at one voltage level into ac electric energy at another voltage level through the action of a magnetic filed .It consists of two or more coils of wire wrapped a common ferromagnetic core. These coils are (usually) not directly connected. The only connection between the coils is the common magnetic flux present within the core.One of the transformer windings is connected to a source of ac electric power, and the second (and perhaps third) transformer winding supplies electric power to loads. The transformer winding connected to the power source is called the primary winding or input winding, and the winding connected to the loads is called the secondary winding or output winding. If there is a third winding on the transformer, it is called the tertiary winding.Power transformers are constructed on one of two types of cores. One type of construction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the transformer windings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle. This type of construction is known as core form. The other type consists of a three-legged laminated core with the windings wrapped around the center leg. This type of construction is known as shell form. In either case, the1外文翻译core is constructed of thin laminations electrically isolated from each other in order to reduce eddy currents to a minimum.Power transformers are given a variety of different names, depending on their use in power systems. A transformer connected to the output of a generator and used to step its voltage up to transmission levels is sometimes called a unit transformer. The transformer at the other end of the transmission line, which steps the voltage down from transmission levels to distribution levels, is called a substation transformer. Finally, the transformer that takes the distribution voltage and steps it down to the final voltage at which the power is actually used is called a distribution transformer. All these devices are essentially the same the only difference among them is their intended use.In addition to the various power transformers, two special-purpose transformers are used with electric machinery and power systems. The first of these special transformers is a device specially designed to sample a high voltage and produce a low secondary voltage directly proportional to it, Such a transformer is called a potential transformer. A power transformer also produces a secondary voltage directly proportional to its primary voltage the difference between a potential transformer and a power transformer is that the potential transformer is designed to handle only a very small current. The second type of special transformer is a device2外文翻译designed to provide a secondary current much small than but directly proportional to its primary current. This device is called a current transformerThe ideal transformer without loss of energy, so have a 100% efficiency. In reality, the efficiency of power transformer reaches 98%, But small transformer loss will be more serious, and they may be less than 85% of efficiency. The energy loss from transformer in these phenomena: (in a coil of narrative, conductive are called "core"The current through the winding resistance, thermal conductive (current generated when the heat to higher, the human body to feel energy losses caused to). And other kinds of loss, this loss not from the core transformer.Eddy: the magnetic loss to generate electricity, iron loop back into heat energy and loss caused to the outside world. The core of don't cut into thin can reduce the loss.Magnetism loss: all are not both senders coils magnetic field lines are receiving causes energy drain.Hysteresis: core lagged effect of magnetic field changes that every cause loss of energy. This depends on the size of the loss of the core materials.Alternating magnetic field strength loss: that wire, iron and near the electromagnetic force between the metal forming and3外文翻译changing the vibration and energy drain.Magnetostrictive: the magnetic field that appear alternately core.If the core material susceptible to expansion effect of friction between the molecules, will lead to loss of energy.Cooling equipment: large transformer with cooling fan with general of water pump, or the radiator. These devices have been using energy generally count the energy loss of transformer.The overhead three phase power transmission line is the main energy corridor in a power system. One might assume that the circuit model would be trivial (ideal conductors), but three different phenomena produce effects that can not reasonably be ignored. In order of importance, they are the series voltages induced by the magnetic fields surrounding the conductors, the shunt displacement currents resulting from the electric fields between conductors，and the ohmic resistance of the conductor material. A forth，and minor, effect is the leakage conduction current that flows through contamination films on the insulators．The overhead neutrals of a typical overhead power transmission line are electrically in contact with the tower and therefore grounded, They primarily exists to provide lightning shielding for the phase conductors and also to carry zero sequence and harmonic currents that help to maintain balanced sinusoidal voltages. They are usually steel or aluminum and are small4外文翻译(diameter about lcm)．The phase conductors are much larger (diameter about 5cm), and are typically stranded a1uminum surrounding a stranded steel cable (for increased tensile strength). sometimes more than one (a "bundle") comprise a phase．A11 are bare (no insulating covering) for heat dissipation reasons; the phase conductors are insulated from each other and the tower by suspension from insulator strings.5外文翻译变压器变压器是通过磁场作用将交流电从某一电压等级转换至另一个电压级别的设备。
变压器术语中英对照
一、变压器的英文缩写变压器：transformer缩写：T. 或transf.X-FMR,X-FORMER 都是变压器的意思。
二、变压器材料相关中英文名称对照1.线架：Bobbin2.磁芯：Core3.胶带：(Adhesive)Tape4.挡墙胶带：Margin Tape5.保险丝：Fuse6. 助焊剂：Flux7.标签：Label8.树脂：Resin9.环氧树脂：Epoxy Resin10.底座：Base11.包装箱：Packing-Case12.铜箔：Copper Foil13.凡立水、清漆：Varnish 漆：Varnish Or Paint 绝缘漆：Insullac Or Insulation Varnish14.铜线：Copper Wire15.黑片：Annealed16.引线：Lead Wire Or Leads17.抽屉式胶芯：Shroud Double Section18.白片：Non-Annealed19.套管：Tube 矽质套管：Silicon Tube 热缩套管： Heat-Shrinkable Tube20..线圈：Coil 一次线圈：Primary Coil 二次线圈：Secondary Coil21.王字型胶芯：Double Section 工字型胶芯：Single Section22.三层绝缘线：Tex-e Wire Should Be Triple Insulated Wire(Tiw)23.丝包线：Ustc Wire24.绞线：Litz Wire25. 电木：Bakelite Or Phenolic(酚醛树脂)26. 铁夹：Clip27.铁桥：Channel Frame cycle28. 屏蔽物：Shielding29.塑料：Plastic 尼龙：Nylon30.硅：Silicon 胶：Rubber 硅胶：Silicon Rubber31.线束：Wiring Harness32.磁芯：Core 铁粉芯：Ferrite Core 硅钢片：Silicon-Steel Sheet33.环形磁芯：Toroid Core 棒状磁芯：Rod Core 鼓状磁芯：Drum Core34.玻璃纤维：Glass Fiber35.螺旋形，螺线管：Solenoid36. 焊锡：Solder三、变压器常用名词及术语的中英文名称对照1.变压器：Transformer2.扼流圈：Choke Coil3.滤波线圈：Line Filter4.逆变器：Inverter5.适配器：Adapter6.初始磁导率：Initial Permeability7..绝缘(体)：Insulation8.功率损耗：Power Loss9.密度：Density10.顽磁、剩磁：Remanence11.电感：Inductance12.电阻：Resistance13.绝缘：Insulation14.电压：Voltage15.电流：Current16.漏电感：Leakage Inductance17.空载：Unload18.负载：Load19.符号、标记：Code20.圈数：Turn21.气隙： Gap22.剪除：Cut Off23.品质因素：Quality Factor24.浸泡：Dip Or Impregnate25.初级：Primary26.次级：Secondary27.频率：Frequency28.输出功率：Output Power29.磁通密度：Flux Density30.型号：Type31.尺寸：Size32.绕组：Winding33.疏绕：Space Or Spread34.密绕：Close Or Dense35.双线并绕：Bifilar 三线并绕 Trifilar36.额定：Rated37.材料表：Material List38.绕线层次图：Winding Construction39.线路图：Schematic Or Circuit Diagram40.外观(机械)图及尺寸：Configuration&Dimensions; Or Mechanical Dimensions41.高压测试：Hi-Pot Test42.电气特性：Electronical Character43.客户：Customer44.供应商：Suppler Supplier45.分布：Wired46.中央：Middle(Center)47.版本：Version48.制图者：Draughter49.确认、批准：Approval50.检查：Check51.发布日期：Issue Date52.固定：Fix53.焊锡：Soldering54.公差：Tolerance55.起始：Start56.结束：Finish57.样品：Sample58.规格：Spec Or Specification59.单位：Unit60.印章：Seal61.标识：Marking62.Approved 审核63.Shorting Copper 外铜带64.Solenoid 螺线管;螺线形电导管65.Withstand Voltage 耐压66.层间耐压 Layer Short67.Poor wetting 焊锡不良68、Distortion失真69、harmonic谐波70 、insertion loss插入损耗71、Saturation 饱和，磁化饱和72、Return loss 回程损耗，逆程损耗四、变压器骨架常用英文缩写ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物AES Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene 丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物AMMA Acrylonitrile/methyl Methacrylate 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物ARP Aromatic polyester 聚芳香酯AS Acrylonitrile-styrene resin 丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂ASA Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate 丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物CA Cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维塑料CAB Cellulose acetate butyrate 醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料CAP Cellulose acetate propionate 醋酸-丙酸纤维素CE Cellulose plastics, general 通用纤维素塑料CF Cresol-formaldehyde 甲酚-甲醛树脂CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素CN Cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素CP Cellulose propionate 丙酸纤维素CPE Chlorinated polyethylene 氯化聚乙烯CPVC Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) 氯化聚氯乙烯CS Casein 酪蛋白CTA Cellulose triacetate 三醋酸纤维素EC Ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid 乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EP Epoxy, epoxide 环氧树脂EPD Ethylene-propylene-diene 乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物EPM Ethylene-propylene polymer 乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPS Expanded polystyrene 发泡聚苯乙烯ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EVA Ethylene/vinyl acetate 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVAL Ethylene-vinyl alcohol 乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物FEP Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) 全氟（乙烯-丙烯）塑料FF Furan formaldehyde 呋喃甲醛HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯塑料HIPS High impact polystyrene 高冲聚苯乙烯IPS Impact-resistant polystyrene 耐冲击聚苯乙烯LCP Liquid crystal polymer 液晶聚合物LDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics 低密度聚乙烯塑料LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene 线性低密聚乙烯LMDPE Linear medium-density polyethylene 线性中密聚乙烯MBS Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene 甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MC Methyl celluloseMDPE Medium-density polyethylene 中密聚乙烯MF Melamine-formaldehyde resin 密胺-甲醛树脂MPF Melamine/phenol-formaldehyde 密胺/酚醛树脂PA Polyamide (nylon) 聚酰胺（尼龙）PAA Poly(acrylic acid) 聚丙烯酸PADC Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) 碳酸-二乙二醇酯. 烯丙醇酯树脂PAE Polyarylether 聚芳醚PAEK Polyaryletherketone 聚芳醚酮PAI Polyamide-imide 聚酰胺-酰亚胺PAK Polyester alkyd 聚酯树脂PAN Polyacrylonitrile 聚丙烯腈PARA Polyaryl amide 聚芳酰胺PASU Polyarylsulfone 聚芳砜PAT Polyarylate 聚芳酯PAUR Poly(ester urethane) 聚酯型聚氨酯PB Polybutene-1 聚丁烯-[1]PBA Poly(butyl acrylate) 聚丙烯酸丁酯PBAN Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile 聚丁二烯-丙烯腈PBS Polybutadiene-styrene 聚丁二烯-苯乙烯PBT Poly(butylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二酸丁二酯PC Polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 聚氯三氟乙烯PDAP Poly(diallyl phthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PE Polyethylene 聚乙烯PEBA Polyether block amide 聚醚嵌段酰胺PEBA Thermoplastic elastomer polyether 聚酯热塑弹性体PEEK Polyetheretherketone 聚醚醚酮PEI Poly(etherimide) 聚醚酰亚胺PEK Polyether ketone 聚醚酮PEO Poly(ethylene oxide) 聚环氧乙烷PES Poly(ether sulfone) 聚醚砜PET Poly(ethylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PETG Poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol 二醇类改性PET PEUR Poly(ether urethane) 聚醚型聚氨酯PF Phenol-formaldehyde resin 酚醛树脂PFA Perfluoro(alkoxy alkane) 全氟烷氧基树脂PFF Phenol-furfural resin 酚呋喃树脂PI Polyimide 聚酰亚胺PIB Polyisobutylene 聚异丁烯PISU Polyimidesulfone 聚酰亚胺砜PMCA Poly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate) 聚α-氯代丙烯酸甲酯PMMA Poly(methyl methacrylate) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMP Poly(4-methylpentene-1) 聚4-甲基戊烯-1PMS Poly(alpha-methylstyrene) 聚α-甲基苯乙烯POM Polyoxymethylene, polyacetal 聚甲醛PP Polypropylene 聚丙烯PPA Polyphthalamide 聚邻苯二甲酰胺PPE Poly(phenylene ether) 聚苯醚。
电气专业毕业设计外文翻译2--变压器
外文资料翻译TRANSFORMER1. INTRODUCTIONThe high-voltage transmission was need for the case electrical power is to be provided at considerable distance from a generating station. At some point this high voltage must be reduced, because ultimately is must supply a load. The transformer makes it possible for various parts of a power system to operate at different voltage levels. In this paper we discuss power transformer principles and applications.2. TOW-WINDING TRANSFORMERSA transformer in its simplest form consists of two stationary coils coupled by a mutual magnetic flux. The coils are said to be mutually coupled because they link a common flux.In power applications, laminated steel core transformers (to which this paper is restricted) are used. Transformers are efficient because the rotational losses normally associated with rotating machine are absent, so relatively little power is lost when transforming power from one voltage level to another. Typical efficiencies are in the range 92 to 99%, the higher values applying to the larger power transformers.The current flowing in the coil connected to the ac source is called the primary winding or simply the primary. It sets up the flux φ in the core, which varies periodically both in magnitude and direction. The flux links the second coil, called the secondary winding or simply secondary. The flux is changing; therefore, it induces a voltage in the secondary by electromagnetic induction in accordance with Lenz’s law. Thus the primary receives its power from the source while the secondary supplies this power to the load. This action is known as transformer action.3. TRANSFORMER PRINCIPLESWhen a sinusoidal voltage V p is applied to the primary with the secondary open-circuited, there will be no energy transfer. The impressed voltage causes a small current Iθ to flow in the primary winding. This no-load current has two functions: (1) it produces the magnetic flux in the core, which varies sinusoidally between zero and φm, where φm is the maximum value of the core flux; and (2) it provides a component to account for the hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core. There combined losses are normally referred to as the core losses.The no-load current Iθ is usually few percent of the rated full-load current of the transformer (about 2 to 5%). Since at no-load the primary winding acts as a large reactance due to the iron core, the no-load current will lag the primary voltage by nearly 90º. It is readily seen that the current component I m= I0sinθ0, called the magnetizing current, is 90º in phase behind the primary voltage V P. It is this component that sets up the flux in the core; φ is therefore in phase with I m.The second component, I e=I0sinθ0, is in phase with the primary voltage. It is the current component that supplies the core losses. The phasor sum of these twocomponents represents the no -load current, ore m o I I I +=It should be noted that the no -load current is distortes and nonsinusoidal. This is the result of the nonlinear behavior of the core material.If it is assumed that there are no other losses in the transformer, the induced voltage In the primary, E p and that in the secondary, E s can be shown. Since the magnetic flux set up by the primary winding ，there will be an induced EMF E in the secondary winding in accordance with Faraday’s law, namely, t N E ∆∆⋅=/ϕ. This same flux also links the primary itself, inducing in it an EMF, E p . As discussed earlier, the induced voltage must lag the flux by 90º, therefore, they are 180º out of phase with the applied voltage. Since no current flows in the secondary winding, E s =V s . The no -load primary current I 0 is small, a few percent of full -load current. Thus the voltage in the primary is small and V p is nearly equal to E p . The primary voltage and the resulting flux are sinusoidal; thus the induced quantities E p and E s vary as a sine function. The average value of the induced voltage given byE avg = turns× change in flux in a given time given timewhich is Faraday’s law applied to a finite time interval. It follows thatE avg = N 21/(2)m f ϕ = 4fNφm which N is the number of turns on the winding. Form ac circuit theory, the effective or root -mean -square (rms) voltage for a sine wave is 1.11 times the average voltage; thusE = 4.44fNφmSince the same flux links with the primary and secondary windings, the voltage per turn in each winding is the same. HenceE p = 4.44fN p φmandE s = 4.44fN s φmwhere E p and Es are the number of turn on the primary and secondary windings, respectively. The ratio of primary to secondary induced voltage is called the transformation ratio. Denoting this ratio by a, it is seen that a = p sE E = p s N N Assume that the output power of a transformer equals its input power, not a bad sumption in practice considering the high efficiencies. What we really are saying is that we are dealing with an ideal transformer; that is, it has no losses. ThusP m = P outorV p I p × primary PF = V s I s × secondary PFwhere PF is the power factor. For the above -stated assumption it means that the power factor on primary and secondary sides are equal; thereforeV p I p = V s I sfrom which is obtained p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a It shows that as an approximation the terminal voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The primary and secondary current, on the other hand, are inversely related to the turns ratio. The turns ratio gives a measure of how much the secondary voltage is raised or lowered in relation to the primary voltage. To calculate the voltage regulation, we need more information.The ratio of the terminal voltage varies somewhat depending on the load and its power factor. In practice, the transformation ratio is obtained from the nameplate data, which list the primary and secondary voltage under full -load condition.When the secondary voltage V s is reduced compared to the primary voltage, the transformation is said to be a step -down transformer: conversely, if this voltage is raised, it is called a step -up transformer. In a step -down transformer the transformation ratio a is greater than unity (a>1.0), while for a step -up transformer it is smaller than unity (a<1.0). In the event that a=1, the transformer secondary voltage equals the primary voltage. This is a special type of transformer used in instances where electrical isolation is required between the primary and secondary circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. Therefore, this transformer is generally knows as an isolation transformer.As is apparent, it is the magnetic flux in the core that forms the connecting link between primary and secondary circuit. In section 4 it is shown how the primary winding current adjusts itself to the secondary load current when the transformer supplies a load.Looking into the transformer terminals from the source, an impedance is seen which by definition equals V p / I p . From p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a , we have V p = aV s and I p = I s /a.In terms of V s and I s the ratio of V p to I p isp p V I = /s s aV I a= 2s s a V I But V s / I s is the load impedance Z L thus we can say thatZ m (primary) = a 2Z LThis equation tells us that when an impedance is connected to the secondary side, it appears from the source as an impedance having a magnitude that is a 2 times its actual value. We say that the load impedance is reflected or referred to the primary. It is this property of transformers that is used in impedance -matching applications.译文变压器1. 介绍要从远端发电厂送出电能，必须应用高压输电。
[外语学习]变压器专业中英文词汇
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[外语学习]变压器专业中英文词汇45ºmitred joint 45º斜接缝 a complete 成套设备a lamination stack 一叠铁心A-A enlarged A-A放大A-A section A-A剖面abbreviation 缩写abscissa X-axis 横坐标absorbent 吸附剂absorption ratio of insulation resistance 绝缘电阻吸收比acceleration 加速度acceptance inspection 验收检验accessories 附件accuracy 准确度accuracy class 准确级次accuracy limit factor 准确限值因数 acetic acid ethylic 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetone extraction of insulating material 绝缘材料丙酮抽出物acetylene 乙炔acid value 酸值acryl 丙烯active aluminium oxide (activated alumine) 活性氧化铝active part assembly 器身装配additional insulation of lead 引线附加绝缘 additional loss 附加损耗admittance 导电率air (water) cooler 风(水)冷却品 air core reactor 空心电抗器air exhausting pipe 导气管air gap 空气隙alignment对中心(不对中心)alkyd base lacquer 酚醛漆aluminium-alloy conductor 铝合金导线 ambient temperature 环境温度angle 角钢(槽钢)angular contact ball bearing 向心止推滚珠轴承 annealed conductor 退火导线annex (appendix) to the contract 合同附件 annular gear 内齿轮anticoagulent 抗凝剂anti-corna coating 防叠层anti-dust washer 防尘垫圈anti-magnetic steel (low-temperature steel) 抗磁钢(低温钢)antioxidant 抗氧化剂antirust primer 防锈底漆apparent charge 视在电荷approximate 近似于arc-suppression reactor 消弧电抗器 argon protected welding 氩弧焊ascending flanged base 升高座assignment for technical design 技术任务书 atmospheric over voltage 大气过电压 autographic recording instrument 自动记录仪表 automatic assembly scaffold 自动升降装配架 automatic lathe 自动车床automatic submerged-arc wilding 埋弧自动焊 autotransformer 自耦变压器autotransformer regulator 自耦调压器 auxiliary winding 辅助线圈availability 可用性axial (radial) leakage flux 轴向(径向)漏磁通 axial strip 轴向撑条aximum (minimum) tapping 最大最小分接m backing off lathe 铲背车床bakelite coated insulating paper 上胶绝缘纸 bakelized paperboard(cpoxy resin glass-fibre) 胶纸板(环氧玻璃布板)balance reactor 平衡电抗器ballast 镇流器band saw 带锯床band spring 板弹簧banding wire (rope) 绑线(绳)barrel (petroleum) 桶(石油)base plate of rating plate 铭牌底板basic parts 基础件B-B tuned by B-B转beaker 烧杯beaker flask 坩埚beaker flask 锥形瓶bearing 轴承bell type tank 钟罩式油箱bench drill 台钻bending die for steel tube 钢管压弯模 bending press 折板机bending press (brake) 折板机(液压) bevel gear 伞齿轮block diagram 方框图blue print 蓝图booster (pump) 增压泵booster tran- 增压变压器boring machine 镗床bracket (tensile rod) for cooler 冷却品托架 braided wire 辫子线brake 包闸brazing pliers 铜焊钳夹brazing tran- 钎焊变压器brazing transformer 铜焊机breather 呼吸品breboard (fibretube) 碳化纤维纸板(管) fi bridge for testing of voltage transformation ratio 变比电桥 bright bolt 光螺杆(螺母) bright washer 光垫圈British thermal unit 英制热量单位broaching machine 拉床bulging lathe 旋压车床burden of an instrument transformer 互感器的负荷 bushing current tran- 套管用电流互感器 bus-type current tran- 母线式电流互感器 butt joint core 对接铁心button head cap screw 无头螺杆cable clip 电缆夹cable paper 电缆纸cable through type HV bushing 穿缆式高压套管 calendered insulating paper 压延绝缘纸 calibration 校准calvanized bolt 镀锌螺栓capacitor compensation device 电容补偿装置 capacitor shield winding 插入电容式线圈 capacitor type current tran- 电容式电流互感器 capacitor type current tran- 电容式电压互感器 capstan and pulley block 绞盘与滑轮组 carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Cartesian coordinate 笛卡儿坐标cartridge of oil-filer 油过滤芯子cascade testing transformer 串级式试验变压器 case No. 箱号cast resin (resin moulded) transformer 塑料浇注变压器 cast resin current tran- 塑料浇注式互感器 caterpillar crane 履带吊Celsius(centigrade) , Kelvin 摄氏度, 开尔文 center of gravity 重心CGS unit 厘米,克,秒单位制chain block 手拉葫芦check on connection group (polarity) 联结组(极性)校验 chevron gear 人字齿轮chopped wave lighting impulse 截波雷电冲击 chopping device 截断装置chromatography 气相色谱分析circular (internal)grinder 外圆(内圆)磨床 circularity (ellipticity) 圆度(椭圆度) circumscribed circle of core leg 芯柱外接圆 clamping ring for porcelain casing 瓷箱压圈 clear away burrs 去毛刺clear away welding flux 消除焊药皮clear away welding splashes 消除焊渣飞溅 co2 protected welding CO2保护焊coach bolt 方头螺拴coated with two layers of primer 涂两遍底漆 coiled spring 盘簧cold bending machine for profiles 形材冷弯机 cold pressing pliers 冷压焊钳cold rolled grain oriented silicon sheet steel 冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片colloidal contamination of oil 油的胶体污染 colorimeter 比色计coloured kerosene leakage test 火油着色试漏 combined instrumenttran- 组合式互感器 combined voltage variation 混合调压commissioning test 投运试验complement angle 余角complete self-protected single-phase tran- 全自动保护单相变压器complete substation 成套变电站complex number 复数component (assembly) parts 部件composite conductor 复合导线composite error 复合误差compressing bolt with spring (hydraulic damper) 弹簧压钉(油缸压钉) computer aided design and manufacturing 计算机辅助设计 computeraided test 计算机辅助实验 concrete (cement) reactor 水泥电抗器 condenser paper 电容器纸conductance , conductivity 电导conformity 合格connecting box for fan-motors 风扇接线盒 connecting flange for evacuation (for oil filter) 真空接头(滤油接头)conservator with rubber diaphrage(bladder) 带隔膜储油柜 consignee收货人consignor 发货人constant flux voltage variation(C.F.V.V.) 恒磁通调压container transport 集装箱运输contents of drawing (documents) 图样目录 continuous winding 连续式线圈control box (panel) 控制箱(盘)control point 控制点conventer transformer 变流变压器 copper (aluminium) foil 铜(铝)箔copper (brass , bronze , phosphor bronze) 紫铜(黄铜，青铜，磷铜) copper height of winding 铜线高度 copper tape 铜带copper wire screen 铜网core earthing strip 铁芯接地片core lamination 铁心片core limb 铁心柱core surface perpendicular to lamination 铁芯端面 core type 芯式cork rubber 软木corona discharge 电晕放电Coulomb 库仑coupling 联轴器cover plate (temporary) 盖板(临时) creepage distance 爬电距离creeping discharge 沿面放电(爬电) critical process 关键工序cross-linked polymer cable 胶联聚合物电缆 crown nut 槽顶螺母crucible 蒸发器皿cup head bolt 半圆头螺栓current density 电流密度current tran- 电流互感器current voltage error 电流电压误差 cycloidal gear 摆线齿轮cylindarical gear 圆柱齿轮cylindrical insulating barrier of HV bushing 高压套管绝缘护筒decimal 小数deep-throat punching machine 深颈冲床 delivery date 发货日期deoxygenized copper conductor 无氧铜导线 department 部门design code 标准号design review 设计评审designating plate , illustration plate 标志牌，指示牌 designed , checked , approved 设计，校核，审定destination 到站detail list of drawing 零件明细表 detail list of purchased parts 外购件明细表 dew point measurement 露点测量dielectric constant 介电常数dielectric loss 介质损耗dielectric strength insulation strength 绝缘强度 differential , differentiation 微分differential gear 差动齿轮digital display voltmeter 数字电压表directed forced oil circulation cooling 油导向冷却 directed forced oil circulation forced air cooling 油导向吹风冷却disk saw 圆锯床disk winding 饼式线圈(双饼线圈) dismantle of upper yoke 拆除上轭dismantled accessories 拆卸附件dismountable parts 可拆卸件dispatch list 发货单disruptive discharge 破坏性放电distribution transformer 配电变压器 diverter switch 切换开关dler gear 空转齿轮idon’t turn over 不准倒置don’tstack up 不准叠放double column punching machine 龙门冲床 double cotton covered enamel cable 双丝包线 double housing planer 双柱龙门刨 double-action punching machine 双动冲床 double-row bearing 双列滚珠轴承draining valve 放油活门drawing No. 图号drill 钻床drilled together with mating parts 与配合件同时钻孔 driving mechanism of OLTC 有载开关操作系统 dry type transformer 干式变压器drying and compressing of winding 线圈的干燥与压缩 drying with hot-air circulation 循环热风干燥 duplicates 复制图eads clamping (supporting frame) 引线夹(支架) earthed voltage tran- 接地电压互感器 earthing mark 接地标志earthing screen of core (side yuoke) 铁芯地屏(旁轭地屏)earthquake , seism 地震eccentricity (concentricity) 偏心度(同心度)eddy current loss 涡流损耗edge shaping 刨边elastic washer 碟形弹簧electrostatic plate (ring) 静电板(环) electrostatic shielding 静电屏蔽 enameled wrapped conductor 漆包线 end insulation 端绝缘engaging angle 压力角engaging tooth 啮合齿epoxy-bound bandage 环氧绑扎带 error 误差error compensation 误差补偿esiccator 干燥管 dethylene 乙烯evenness 整齐度evolute core 渐开线铁心evolution extraction of root 开方 examination and appraisal program 检验鉴定大纲expander 膨胀器explosion-proof pipe 安全气道(防爆筒) exponent , exponential 幂extrapolation method 外推eyebolt 吊环螺丝facing boring lathe 落地镗床Farad , pico-farad 法拉, 皮克法拉 faraday cage 法拉第笼farthing bushing (terminal) 接地套管(端子)feasibitilystudy 可行性分析 ferrous metal (non-ferrous metal) 黑色金属(有色金属)filament tran- 灯丝变压器final assembly 总装配final inspection 最总检验finalization of design 设计定型 finalized revision 定形改版finish (roughness)表面光洁度(粗糙度) finite element method 有限元法first item inspection首件试验flame-proof tran- 防爆变压器 flash point (congealing point )of oil 油闪点(凝固点)flashover 闪络flask 长颈瓶flat washer 平垫圈flatness 平(不平)度flexible cable 软电缆flexible connecting strip 软接线片floating crane 浮吊flow quantity (m³/min) 流量flow relay 流动继电器fluorescent leakage test 荧光试漏flux density 磁通密度foil winding 箔式线圈foot 呎foot pad 垫脚for unmarked 其余for unmarked edges 其余倒角forced oil air cooling (water cooling) 强油风冷(水冷)forging (die casting) 煅件(压铸件) fork lift 叉车form-fit tank 适形油箱foundation drawing 地基图fraction, numerator, denominator 分数，分子，分母 fractional turn (integer turn) 分数匝(整数匝) frequency meter 频率表frequency response 频率响应full thread bolt 全螺纹螺拴full wave lighting impulse 全波雷电冲击 furnace transformer 电炉变压器gallon 加仑galvanized 镀锌gas (moisture) content of oil 油中含水量(含气量) gas cutting (automatic gas cutting) 气割 gas insulated transformer 气体绝缘变压器gas relay 气体继电器gas separating property of oil 油的吸气性 gate (butterfly,ball) valve 闸阀(蝶阀，球阀) gauss 高斯gear 齿轮gear slotting 插齿机general layout 总图general parts 外购件generator transformer 发电机变压器 Geneva (spider , universal joint cross) 方向联(十字接头)gentian violet 龙胆紫glass fibre woven tape 玻璃丝带glass-fibre covered conductor 玻璃丝包线 gorse power 马力graphic method 图解法gravitational acceleration 重力加速度grinder 磨床grinding to flat after welding 焊后磨平 grip nut 夹紧螺母gross weight 毛重hack saw 弓锯床hand hole (manhole) 手孔(人孔) handled with care 小心轻放hard drawn copper conductor 硬拉铜导线 hardening 淬火heavy current bushing 大电流套管 helical gear , screw gear 斜齿轮helical winding 螺旋式线圈here in after referred as XX 以下简称为XX hexagonal head bolt 六角头螺栓 hexagonal socket head bolt 内六角头螺栓 high frequency 高频high vacuum period高真空阶段high voltage 高压示波器high voltage (low, mid-) winding 高压线圈(中压，低压)high-density pressboard 高密度纸板 hinge pin 胶联销hoisting crane 起重机horizontal oil-duct 横向油道hot (hottest) spot 热点(最热点) hot dipping 热浸hot-oil circulation 热油循环hot-rolled (cold-rolled) silicon sheet steel 热轧(冷轧)硅钢片hydraulic jacks for winding compression 线圈油压千斤顶hydraulic planer 液压刨床hydraulic pump station 油压泵站Hysteresis loss 磁滞损耗iacquer showering 淋漆(喷漆)ickling 酸洗illustrative drawing 示意图illustrative drawing for winding connection 线圈连接组图illustrative drawing for winding terminals 线圈端子位置示意图imaginary number component 虚数部分 impedance voltage 阻抗电压improper fraction 假分数impulse voltage generator 冲击电压发生器 inclination 倾斜度inconcentricity 不同心度indication mark 指示标记induced over voltage withstand test 感应耐压试验inductivemethod 归纳法infrared scanner 红外线扫描仪infrared scanning 红外线扫描inhibited (un-) oil 阻化油(非阻化油) initial terminal (final terminal ) of winding 线圈起始端(终)inner connecting stud of HV bushing 高压套管导杆头 in-process inspection 工序间试验installation drawing 安装图instruction for technical design 技术设计说明书 insulating cylinder 绝缘纸筒insulating filling strips between turns 线匝间垫条 insulating level 绝缘水平insulating material (heat-resistant material) 绝缘材料(保温材料) insulating paper (press board) 绝缘纸(纸板) insulation angled ring (collar ring) 绝缘角环 insulation assembly 绝缘装配insulation between turns 匝间绝缘insulation breakdown 绝缘击穿insulation diaphragm on the tank wall 箱壁绝缘隔板 insulation resistance 绝缘电阻insulation wrapping 绝缘包扎integrate , integration 积分intensity of pressure 压强interconnecting transformer 联络变压器 interleaved winding 纠结式线圈interleaved-continuous winding 纠结,连续式线圈 internal external insulation 内外绝缘interpolation method 插入法introduction voltage regulator 感应调压器 involute gear 渐开线齿轮involution 乘方involve to the fifth power , 5th power of n n的五次方 iron core reactor 铁心电抗器iron red epoxy primer 环氧铁红底漆isolation tran- 隔离变压器jig boring machine 坐标镗床joint flange for enclosed bus-bar 封闭母线联接法兰 Joule 焦耳kerosene evaporator 煤油蒸发器kerosene recycling pump 煤油回收泵 kilometer 公里kilowatt-hour 千瓦时kraft paper 牛皮纸(青壳纸)lacquer of amidoalkyd base 胺基醇酸漆lacquer of nitrocellulose 硝基漆(硝基清漆) lacquer thinner 稀释剂ladder with balustrade 有围栏的梯子 lag bolt 水螺丝laminated pressboard 层压纸板lamination drawing diagram 铁心叠积图 lamination factor 叠片系数lamination inserting knife 插板刀large size long layer winding 大型层式线圈 lathe 车床layer insulation (insulation between disk) 层绝缘(段)layout 刻线lead (tin, silver, zinc) 铅(锡，银，锌) lead insulation wrapping machine 引线绝缘包扎机 leakage lest on sealed parts 密封式滤 lift 扬程lifting lug (lifting eyebolt) 吊拌(吊环) lifting lug with bearing plate for jacks 吊板与千斤顶支座 Liter , cubic decimeter 升, 立方分米load loss 负载损耗loading capacity 装载量local over hot 局部过热locating pin 定位销locking nut 梭螺母locking washer 止退垫圈long-creepage bushing 加强式套管longitudinal insulation 纵绝缘loss tangent 介损角的正切值low carbon steel (alloy steel) 低碳钢(合金钢) low power factor wattmeter 低功率因数瓦特表 lug washer 止退线圈machine direction 抄纸方向magnetic flaw detection 磁力探伤magnetic saturation voltage regulator 磁饱和调压器 magnetic shielding 磁屏蔽magnetic type oil-level indicator 磁铁式油位指示器 main insulation 主绝缘major (minor) diameter of gear 齿轮外(齿底)直径 marine tran- 船用变压器market survey 市场调查marshalling yard 铁路编组站mating parts 配合件maximum likelihood method 最大似然法 maximum minimum 最大，小measuring flask 量瓶medium frequency 中频memory scope 记忆示波器metallic hose 金属软管metallized paper (crepe paper) 金属化纸(金属化皱纹纸)meter , decimeter , centimeter millimeter 米, 分米, 厘米, 毫米methane, ethane 甲烷(乙烷)mile , knot 英里, 海里miller 铣床mining tran- 矿用变压器modulus 模数moulded insulatingparts 成型绝缘件movable (trailer mounted) type 移动式(列车式) movable oilpurificator 移动式净油站movable radial drilling machine 移动式摇臂转床 movable substation 移动式变压器moving-coil voltage tran- 移圈调压器 multi-point spot welder 多点焊机name 名称natural cooling (air blast cooling) 自然冷却(吹风冷却) natural frequency of vibration 自振频率 neutral bushing 中点套管Newton , dyne 牛顿, 达因nikel 镀镍nitrocellulose lacquer 硝基漆niversal miller 万能铣床uno-load current 空载电流no-load loss 空载损耗nominal value 标称值nonconformity 缺陷non-distructive flaw detection无损探伤noninflammable medium impregnated trans- 浸难燃油变压器 normal distribution 正态分布northeast china ash tree 水曲柳n-shaped clips for upper yoke 轭片,型夹 number item 项号number of ampere-turns 安匝数numerical control lathe 数控车床nut locked by punching three points 冲铆三点锁紧螺母 nut of compressing bolt 压钉螺母obtuse (acute) number 钝锐角Oersted 奥斯特ogee washer 曲面垫圈oil base (paraffin base ,naphthene base) 油基(石蜡基，环烷基)oil conduit 导油管oil impregnation under vacuum 真空浸油 oil sampling valve (plug) 油样活门 oil tester 油试验器oil-dehydrating device 油脱水装置 oil-duct air ventilating duct of core 铁心油道(气道)oil-immersed air cooling 油浸风冷oil-immersed forced directed oil circulation air cooling 油浸强迫导向风oil-immersed forced oil circulation air cooling 油浸强迫油循环风冷oil-immersed natural cooling 油浸自冷 oil-immersed transformer 油浸式变压器 oil-proof rubber 抗油橡胶oil-submerged pump 潜油泵on’t uncouple with slipping 不准流放d on-load tap-changer (OLTC) 有载开关 open side planer 单臂刨床open web girder wagon 落孔车open-delta connection 开口三角连接 opening mechanism of autoclave cover 缸开启开油缸operating handle of driving mechanism 操作机构手柄operation instruction of transformer 变压器使用说明书ordinate Y-axis 纵坐标originals (transparent print) 底图oscillating frequency 振荡频率outdoor (indoor, pole mounting)type 户外(户内)式，柱上式over voltage 过电压overall dimension 外形尺寸图overall height of winding 线圈总高度 overall hydrocarbon content 总烃含量 oversize transport 限速运输oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen 氧(氮，氢) oymide 聚酰胺 plpackaged in crate 花板包装packing list 装箱单pad frame for tank rim gasket 箱沿护框 pallet 底拖paper channel 纸槽paper moulded insulating part 绝缘成型件 paper size 纸型paper wrapped conductor 纸包线 parallel 平行parallel wound conductors 并绕导线 parallelism 平行度partial discharge 局部放电partial discharge extinction voltage 局部放电终止电压partial discharge inception voltage 局部放电起始电压partial discharge tester 局放测试仪 partial-interleaved winding 部分纠结式线圈 particle content of oil 油中颗粒数 partition 隔板parts 零件parts per million 百万分之一parts subjected to wear 易损件Pascal 帕斯卡, 千帕peak value 峰值peak value voltmeter 峰值电压表 per unit value 标值perpendicular 垂直perpendicularity 垂直度pertaining to assembly drawing No. 隶属装配图号 phase displacement 相位差phase displacement (instrument transformer) 相角差(互感器)phosphorated 磷化phosphor-copper brazing metal 磷铜焊料 pieced together 铆接pilot pin 导销pin 销钉pipe bending machine 弯管机pitch diameter of gear 齿轮节距pitot relay 皮托继电器plain cotton tape 白布带planer type miller 龙门铣床planiform drawing of winding 线圈展开图 plasma cutting 等离子切割platinum (g old, antimony, mercury) 铂(金，锑，汞)plywood 层压木板pocket for mercury thermometer 水银温度计座 poise , Centpoise 泊, 厘泊polar coordinate 极坐标polyacetal (polyester)resin 聚缩醛(聚脂)树脂 polyacrylic resin 聚丙烯酸树脂polyacrylonitrile 聚丙稀酯polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯polychloroprene rubber 氯丁橡胶polymide 聚酰亚胺polyurethane 聚胺酯polyvinyl acelated 聚醋酸乙烯酯polyvinyl acetal 聚乙烯缩醛polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯polyvinyl resin 聚乙烯树脂porcelain casing (instrument transformer) 瓷箱(互感器) porcelain type current tran- 瓷箱式电流互感器 port of loading 装货港口positioning pin 定位钉positioning plate 定位板positioning stud 带螺母的定位柱positive negative number 正负数potential gradient 电位梯度pound , pound per square inch 磅, 磅,平方寸 power frequency 工频power plant transformer 厂用变压器power transformer 电力变压器power transformer with OLTC (off-circuit tap-changer) 有(无)载调压电力变压器precipitation well 沉淀盒(集污盒)preliminary 初步设计press 压力机pressure relief valve 压力释放阀principle circuit diagram 线路原理图probability 概率product appraisal 产品鉴定proportional (inversely proportional) to 成正比 pulp 纸浆punch press 冲压机punch shear 剪断机quality certificate 产品合格证quality control 质量(质量控制)quality guarantee 质量保证体系quality management 质量管理quality policy 质量方针quality rated cost 质量成本quality supervisor 质量监督quantity 数量radial drill 摇臂钻radial spacer between disk 段间横垫块 radial strip 径向撑条railway crane 铁路轨道吊railway highway transportation 铁路(公路)运输 rated accuracy limit primary current 额定准确极限值的一次电流rated burden of an instrument transformer 额定负荷 rated continuous thermal current 额定连续热电流 rated current 额定电流rated dynamic current 额定动稳定电流 rated instrument security current 额定仪表保安电流 rated lighting impulse withstand voltage 额定雷电冲击耐受电压rated power 额定容量rated short thermal current 额定短时热电流 rated tapping 额定分接rated voltage 额定电压rated voltage factor 额定电压因数rated voltage ratio 额定电压比rated withstand voltage 额定耐受电压 rating plate data 铭牌数据reactance voltage 电抗电压reactor 电抗器real number component 实数部分ream after drilling 钻后绞孔rectifier tran- 整流变压器reduced weft cotton tape 稀纬布带reductor 减速器reference list of customers 产品用户一览表 regulating winding 调压线圈reinsertion of upper yoke 插板reliability 可靠性repe paper 皱纹纸(压光皱纹纸)c residual voltage of an arrestor 避雷器的残压 resistance thermometer 电阻温度计 resistance voltage 电阻电压resonance frequency 谐振频率reverse 改版reverse type current tran- 倒立式电流互感器 revolution per minute 每分钟转数 revolving fixture for core clamping fabrication 夹件焊装翻转架ring nut 圆螺母(滚花螺母)rivet 铆钉roller (tapered roller) bearing 滚柱(锥形)轴承 rolling direction 轧制方向root-mean-square value 有效值round off 四舍五入routine test 出厂检验routine test report 出厂试验报告rspex (polymethylmethacrylate) 有机玻璃(聚甲醛丙烯酸甲酯)Perubber bladder 胶囊rubber cable 橡胶电缆saddle bed lathe 马鞍车床saddle bottomed wagon 凹形车sandwich winding 交错式线圈 sandwich-interleaved winding 插花纠结式线圈saturable reactor 饱和电抗器 scale 比例schering bridge 西林电桥 schnabel wagon 钳夹式车 screw 螺旋铣床sealedenclosed type 密闭式，包封式 seam welder 缝焊机secondary limiting e.m.f(security factor) 二次极限感应电流(保安因数) secondary terminal box 二次端子箱 sectional winding 分段式线圈 see XX , vide XX 参见XX selector switch 选择开关 semi-conducting coating 半导体涂层 semi-conducting paper 半导体纸 semi-continuous winding 半连续式线圈 serial No. 产品序号series reactor 串联电抗器service condition 使用条件 shaper 刨边机shaper 牛头刨床shared parts 借用件shearing 剪切shearing machine 剪板机 sheathed cable 铠装电缆shell type 壳式shielded cable 屏蔽电缆shielding 屏蔽shipping dimension drawing 运输图 shipping mark 唛头short time over voltage 短时过电压 short-circuit test 突发短路试验short-duration power frequency withstand voltage短时工频耐受电压shot-blast 吹砂(抛丸)shrinkable tape 紧缩带 shrinkage of insulation under compression 绝缘的压缩收缩率shunt reactor 并联电抗器side yoke 旁轭signaling thermometer 信号温度计 silica gel 硅胶simulation method 模拟法single layer (double, multi-) cylindrical winding 单层(双层，多层)圆筒式线圈single pole correction press 单点液压矫正机single silk cover 单丝漆包线 single-lead (multi-lead) cable 单芯(多芯)电缆 single-phase transformer 单相变压器 single-row 单列螺旋sitioning hole 定位孔poslit nut 开口螺母slotting machine 插床smoothing reactor 平波电抗器soldering 锡焊spare parts 备件special test 特殊试验speed , velocity 速度sphere-gap 球极spiral bevel gear 斜齿伞齿轮 spline miller 花键铣床split pin 开口销split winding 分列线圈spot weld 点焊spot welder 点焊机spring 弹簧spur gear 正齿轮square nut 方螺母stage of lamination stacks 铁芯的级 stainless steel 不锈钢standard atmosphere condition 标准大气条件 standard capacitor 标准电容器standard deviation 标准偏差standard international unit 标准国际单位制 standard parts 标准件standard transposition 标准换位 standstill after oil-filling 注油后静放 star (delta, zigzag) connection 星形连接(三角形，曲折形，T形) starting autotransformer 启动自耦变压器 starting reactor 启动电抗器steam heating radiators 蒸汽加热排管 steel cable 钢丝绳steel plate surface pre-processing 钢板表面预处理step response 方波响应stepped lap core 阶梯接缝step-up (step-down) transformer 升(降)压变压器stiffening plate of yoke clamping 夹件加强铁 straightening 校直straightness 直度stray capacitance 杂散电容stray loss 杂散损耗stud pin 柱螺旋销stud weld 标杆焊stud welder 螺杆焊机substation transformer 电站用变压器 summary of trial production 试制总结 superimposed charge 叠加电荷 supplementary angle 补角surface coating 表漆surface hardening 表面淬火surface lathe 端面车床surface thermometer 表面温度计 surfacing lathe 断面车床surge arrestor 避雷器switching over voltage 操作过电压 symbol of product 产品代号symmetrical parts 对称件synthetic rubber 合成橡胶table (graph) 图表tack weld 点固焊tank bottom 箱底tank rim 箱沿tank wall (with magnectic shield) 箱壁(带磁屏蔽)tanker 油罐车tapered hole 锥度孔tapered pin 锥销tapping terminal 分接头technical agreement 技术协议 technical and economical analysis 技术经济分析technical condition 技术条件technical design 技术设计technical document for product delivery 出厂技术文件temperature class of insulation 绝缘材料的耐温等级tempering 回火tensile plate of core limb 铁心拉板 tensile rod 拉螺杆terminal box (block) 端子箱 terminus determination of drying process 干燥的终点判断tertiary winding 第三线圈Tesla 特斯拉test tube 试管testing generator set 试验发电机组 testing instrument 试验用仪器仪表testing tran- 试验变压器thermoelectric couple 热电偶thermometer with remote indication 远距离温度计 thinner 溶剂(稀释剂) thread hobbing machine 滚丝机three-phase banks with separate single-phase tran- 单相变压器组成的三相组合three-phase neutral reactor 三相接地电抗器 three-phase tran- 三线圈变压器three-phase transformer 三相变压器through hole 透孔thrust bearing 止推轴承tightening device for winding cylinder 线圈纸筒较紧器 time to chopping 截断时间time to crest ,virtual front time 波前时间视在波前时间 time to half value of crest 半峰值时间title block of drawing 图纸标题栏tong-type ammeter 钳形电流器top jointing beam of upper yoke (side yoke) 上轭顶梁(侧梁)top loading vacuum drying autoclave 立式真空缸 Torr 托total weight of product 产品总重traction (locomotive) tran- 列车牵引变压器 trailer 拖车transformer connection between disks 段间过渡联线 transformer with H class insulation H级绝缘变压器 transformer with split windings 分裂变压器 transient characteristics error 暂态特性(误差) transient over voltage 暂态过电压transparent adhesive tape 透明粘带transport weight 运输重transportation dimension size 运输尺寸图 transported with nitrogen filling 充氮运输 transported with oil filling 充油运输transposed conductor 换位导线transposed connection between disks 段间换位联线 transposition by groups 分组换位transposition of windings 线圈的换位trimming of winding 线圈修整truck 卡车tube connecting flange 联管夹tubular oil-level indicator 管式油位指示表 turret lathe 大角车床twill cotton tape 斜纹布带twill cotton tape 斜纹布带type test 形式试验type test report 形式试验报告ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤ultrasonic location 超声定位unfolded 展开图uniformly insulated winding 全绝缘式线圈 union nut 连接螺母unit weight 单件重量universal tester 万用表upper part (bottom part) of tank 上下节油箱 upper yoke clamping (lower) 上夹件(下夹件) uret 滴定管 bvaccum strength test 真空强度试验 vacuum drying 真空干燥vacuum drying autoclave 真空干燥缸 vacuum drying with vapour phase heating 气相加热真空干燥vacuum oil filling period 真空注油阶段 vacuum plant 真空系统vacuum pump(vacuum valve) 真空泵(真空阀，真空计)vapour-phase heating period 气相加热阶段 variable flux voltage variation(C.F.V.V.) 变磁通调压 variac 接触调压器varnish impregnation of winding 线圈浸漆 vertical lathe 立式车床vertical oil-duct 纵向油道viewed from K K向viscosity , Pascal . Second 粘度, 帕斯卡秒 volatile content 挥发物含量voltage combination ( of a transformer) 变压器的电压组合voltage divider 分压器voltage regulation 电压调整率voltage tran- 电压互感器voltage/time characteristics of impulse 冲击伏秒特性 volume resistance 体积电阻washer 垫圈water resistance 水电阻water(sea) transportation 水路(海路)运输 wave trap coil 阻波器web (limb) of yoke clamping 夹件腹板(肢板) weight of active part 器身重量weight of oil 油重welded according to practical condition 配焊 welding tran- 电焊变压器welding transposition fixture 焊接变位架 winding compression bolt 压线圈的压钉winding d.c. resistance measurement 线圈直流电阻测试 winding disk (winding layer) 线段(线层) winding hoisting tool(two-leg ,three-leg) 线圈吊具 winding screen (fastening belt of screen) 线圈围屏 winding supporting plate 线圈支撑架winding temperature indication 线圈温度指示器 winding temperature-rise 线圈温升window height (center line distance M0) 窗口高度(中心距,0)wing nut , thumb nut 翼形螺母wire (felt) side 网面(毡面)wood bar (padding block) 木棒(木垫块) wood padding block 木垫块working altitude 海拔高度working drawing design 施工图设计worm gear 涡轮wound core 卷铁心yard , inch 码, 吋yoke (upper, lower) 上(下)铁轭yoke clamping bolt 夹件夹紧螺杆yoke tensile belt 轭拉带zero-sequence impedance 零序阻抗。
变压器专业词汇英文翻译
变压器专业词汇英文翻译v1.0 可编辑可修改变压器常用术语TECHNICAL TERMS COMMONLY USED FOR TRANSFORMER PART 1产品名称及类型电力变压器 Power transformer芯式变压器core type transformer 内铁式变压器core-form transformer 壳式变压器shell-form transformer 外铁式变压器shell-form transformer 密封式变压器 sealed transformer 有载调压电力变压器 power transformer with OLTC无载调压电力变压器power transformer with off-circuit tap-changer配电变压器 distribution transformer自耦变压器 auto-transformer联络变压器interconnecting transformer1.10升压变压器 step-up transformer降压变压器 step-down transformer增压变压器 booster transformer串联变压器发电机变压器 generator transformer电站用变压器 substation transformer交流变压器 converter transformer分裂变压器split-winding type transformer厂用变压器 power plant transformer所用变压器electric substation transformer单相变压器 single-phase transformer 三相变压器 three-phase transformer多相变压器 polyphase transformer单相变压器组成的三相组three-phase banks with separatesingle-phase transformer三相接地变压器 three-phase earthing transformer三线圈变压器three-winding transformer两线圈变压器 two-winding transformer 双线圈变压器double-winding transformer多线圈变压器multi-winding transformer油浸式变压器oil-immersed type transformer浸难燃油变压器noninflammable medium impregnated transformer干式变压器 dry type transformer树脂浇注式变压器 resin-casting type transformerH级绝缘变压器transformer with Hv1.0 可编辑可修改class insulation气体绝缘变压器gas insulated transformer电炉变压器 furnace transformer整流变压器 rectifier transformer列车牵引变压器 traction transformer, locomotive transformer 矿用变压器 mining transformer防爆变压器explosion-proof transformer flame-proof transformer隔离变压器 isolation transformer试验变压器 testing transformer串级式试验变压器cascade testing transformer串联变压器 series transformer增压变压器 booster transformer灯丝变压器 filament transformer电焊变压器 welding transformer钎焊变压器 brazing transformer船用变压器 marine transformer起动自耦变压器starting autotransformer起动变压器 starting transformer移动变压器 movable substation移动式 movable type成套变电站 complete substation全自动保护单相变压器complete self-protected single-phase transformer(CSP)互感器 instrument transformer测量用互感器measurement current/voltage TR保护用互感器protective current/voltage transformer电流互感器current transformer（CT）电压互感器voltage transformer potential transformer(PT)全绝缘电流互感器fully insulated current transformer母线式电流互感器bus-type current transformer绕线式电流互感器 wound primary type current transformer 瓷箱式电流互感器porcelain type current transformer套管用电流互感器 bushing-type current transformer电容式电流互感器capacitor type current transformer支持式电流互感器 support-type current transformer倒立式电流互感器 reverse type current transformer塑料浇注式电流互感器cast resinv1.0 可编辑可修改current transformer钳式电流互感器split-core type current transformer速饱和电流互感器rapid-saturable current transformer串级式电流互感器 cascade-type current transformer剩余电流互感器residual current transformer电容式电压互感器capacitor type voltage transformer接地电压互感器earthed voltage transformer不接地电压互感器unearthed voltage transformer组合式互感器combined instrument transformer剩余电压互感器residual voltage transformer移圈调压器moving-coil voltage transformer动线圈 moving winding自耦调压器 autoformer regulator接触调压器 variac感应调压器induction voltage regulator磁饱和调压器magnetic saturation voltage regulator电抗器 reactor并联电抗器 shunt reactor串联电抗器 series reactor饱和电抗器 saturable reactor铁心电抗器 iron core reactor空心电抗器 air core reactor水泥电抗器 concrete(cement) reactor三相中性点接地电抗器three-phase neutral reactor单相中性点接地电抗器single-phase neutral earthing reactor 起动电抗器 starting reactor平衡电抗器smoothing /interphase reactor调幅电抗器 modulation reactor消弧电抗器 arc-suppression reactor消弧线圈 arc-suppression coil阻波器，阻波线圈 wave trap coil镇流器 ballast密闭式 sealed type包封式 enclosed type户外式 outdoor type户内式 indoor type柱上式 pole mounting type移动式 movable type列车式 trailer mounted typev1.0 可编辑可修改自冷 natural cooling (ONAN)风冷 forced-air cooling (ONAF)强油风冷forced-oil forced-air cooling(ONAF)强油水冷forced-oil forced-water cooling (ONWF)强油导向冷却forced-directed oil cooling (OFAN)强油导向风冷却forced-directed forced-air oil cooling(ODAF) 恒磁通调压constant flux voltage variation(CFVV)变磁通调压variable flux voltage variation(VFVV)混合调压combined voltage variation(CbVV)PART2 基础词汇千瓦 kilowatt(kw)兆瓦 megawatt(MW)京瓦 gigawatt(GW)千伏 kilovolt(kV)兆伏 megavolt(MV)京电子伏 giga-electron-volt(GEV)千伏安 KVA兆伏安 MVA京伏安 GVA千乏 kilovar(kVAr)兆乏 megavar(MVAr)京乏 gigavar(GVAr)产品代号symbol of product产品型号 type of product额定电压 rated voltage额定容量 rated power额定电流 rated current连接组标号 connection symbol, symbol of connection阻抗电压 impedance voltage额定频率 rated frequency空载损耗 no-load loss涡流损耗 eddy-current loss磁滞损耗 hysteresis loss空载电流 no-load current激磁电流 exciting current负载损耗 load loss附加损耗additional losses, supplementary load loss 杂散损耗 stray losses总损耗 total losses损耗比 loss ratio冷却方式 type of cooling介质损耗 dielectric loss介损角正切值 loss tangent电压组合 voltage combination电抗电压 reactance voltagev1.0 可编辑可修改额定电压比 rated voltage ratio电阻电压 resistance voltage电压调整率 voltage regulation相位差 phase displacement相位差校验phase displacement verification零序阻抗 zero-sequence impedance短路阻抗 short-circuit impedance磁通密度 flux density电流密度 current density安匝数 number of ampere-turns轴向漏磁通 axial leakage flux径向漏磁通 radial leakage flux循环电流 circulating current热点 hot spot最热点 hottest spot局部过热 local overheat有功输出 active output满容量分接 fully-power tapping额定级电压 rated step voltage最大额定电压 maximum rated voltage最大额定电流maximum rated through-current绕组额定电压rated voltage of a winding额定短时电流rated short time current 额定短时热电流rated short thermal current额定连续热电流rated continuous current额定动稳定电流 rated dynamic current一次电流/电压primary current/voltage 二次电流/电压secondary current/voltage实际电流比actual transformation ratio of a current transformer实际电压比actual transformation ratio of a voltage transformer二次极限感应电动势secondary limiting 互感器的二次回顾路secondary circuit of CT and PT定额 rating铁心噪声 noise of core背境噪声 background noise噪声水平 noise level声级 sound level声功率级 sound power level声级试验 sound level test声级测量 sound level measurement水平加速度 horizontal acceleration垂直加速度 vertical acceleration地震 seism, earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity工频 power-frequencyv1.0 可编辑可修改中频 medium frequency高频 high frequency振荡频率 oscillating frequency谐振频率 resonance frequency自振频率natural frequency of vibration频率响应 frequency response谐波测量 harmonics measurement绝缘水平 insulation level绝缘强度insulation strength, dielectric strength主绝缘 main insulation纵绝缘 longitudinal insulation内绝缘 internal insulation外绝缘 external insulation绝缘配合 insulation co-ordination全绝缘 uniform insulation半绝缘 non-uniform insulation降纸绝缘 reduced insulation中心点 neutral point中心点端子 neutral terminal正常绝缘 normal insulation介电常数 dielectric constant油纸绝缘系统oil-paper insulation system绝缘电阻 insulation resistance绝缘电阻吸收比absorption ratio of insulation resistance绝缘击穿 insulation breakdown碳化 carbonization爬电距离 creepage distance沿面放电 creeping discharge放电 discharge局部放电 partial discharge局部放电测量 measurement of partial discharge超声定位ultrasonic location, ultrasonic orientation破坏性放电 disruptive discharge局部放电起始电压partial discharge inception voltage局部放电终止电压partial discharge extinction voltage过电压 overvoltage短时过电压 short time overvoltage瞬时过电压 transient overvoltage操作过电压 switching overvoltage大气过电压 atmospheric overvoltage额定耐受电压rated withstand voltage 工频耐受电压power-frequency withstand voltage感应耐压试验induced overvoltage withstand test温升试验 temperature-rise testv1.0 可编辑可修改温升 temperature rise突发短路试验 short-circuit test动热稳定 thermo-dynamic stability冲击耐压试验impulse voltage withstand test雷电冲击耐受电压lightning impulse withstand voltage操作冲击耐受电压switching impulse withstand voltage雷电冲击 lightning impulse全波雷电冲击full wave lightning impulse截波雷电冲击 chopped wave lightning impulse操作冲击 switching impulse操作冲击波switch surge, switch impulse伏秒特性voltage-time characteristics 截断时间time to chopping波前时间 time to crest视在波前时间 virtual front time半峰值时间 time to half value crest峰值 peak value, crest value有效值 root-mean-square value标么值 per unit value标称值 nominal value电级 electrode电位梯度 potential gradient等电位，等位 equipotential屏蔽 shielding静电屏蔽 electrostatic shielding磁屏蔽 magnetic shielding静电屏 electrostatic screen静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring电磁感应 electro-magnetic induction电磁单元 electro-magnetic unit有效面 effective surface标准大气条件standard atmospheric condition视在电荷 apparent charge体积电阻 volume resistance导电率 admittance电导 conductance, conductivity电晕放电 corona discharge闪络 flashover避雷器 surge arrestor避雷器的残压 residual voltage of an arrestor绝缘材料耐温等级 temperature class of insulation互感器额定负荷rated burden of an instrument transformer 准确级次 accuracy classv1.0 可编辑可修改真值 true value允差 tolerance比值误差校验 ratio error verification 电流误差 current error 电压误差 voltage error互感器相角差phase displacement of instrument transformer 复合误差 composite error瞬时特性 transient characteristic瞬时误差 transient error额定仪表保安电流rated instrument security current二次极限感应电势 secondary limiting 保安因子 security factor 额定准确限值的一次电流 rated accuracy limit primary current 误差补偿 error compensation额定电压因子 rated voltage factor准确限值因子 accuracy limit factor开断电流 switched current笛卡尔坐标，直角坐标Cartesian coordinate极坐标 polar coordinate横坐标 abscissa纵坐标 ordinateX-轴 X-axis复数 complex number实数部分 real component虚数部分imaginary component正数 positive number负数 negative number小数 decimal四舍五入 round off分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator假分数 improper fraction钝角 obtuse angle锐角 acute angle补角 supplementary angle余角 complement angle平行 parallel垂直 perpendicular乘方 involution开方 evolution, extraction of rootn的5次方 5th power of n幂 exponent, exponential微分，差动differential, differentiate 积分，集成integral, integrate成正比proportional to….成反比inversely proportional to…概率 probability归纳法 inductive method外推法 extrapolation methodv1.0 可编辑可修改插入法 interpolation method最大似然法maximum likelihood method 图解法graphic method有限元法 finite element method模拟法 simulation method方波回应 step response迭加电荷 superimposed charge杂散电容 stray capacitance无损探伤non-distractive flaw detection红外线扫描 infrared scanning计算机辅助设计computer aided design(CAD)计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing(CAM)计算机辅助试验computer aided test(CAT)近似于 approximate（approx）每分钟转数 revolution per minute(rpm)速度 velocity加速度 acceleration重力加速度 gravitational acceleration 引力 traction件数 pieces缩写 abbreviation以下简称为hereinafter referred as xxx 常用单位units commonly used包括缩写 including abbreviations分米 decimeter 厘米 centimeter海里 knot2.248 码 yard2.249 磅 pound(1b) 磅/平方英寸 pound per square inch(ppsi)英制热量单位British thermal unit (BTU)马力 horsepower压强 intensity of pressure帕斯卡 Pascal(Pa)千帕 kpa 兆帕 Mpa粘度 viscosity帕斯卡秒泊 poise 厘泊 centipoises焦耳joule(J) 千瓦时kilowatt-hour(kwh)特斯拉 tesla(T) 高斯 gaue(Gs)奥斯特 oersted(0e) 库仑 coulomb(C)微微库 Pico-coulomb(PC)达因dyne摄氏度Celsius, centigrade(℃)开尔文 Kelvin 法拉 farad(F)皮可法拉 pico-farad(pF)立方分米 cubic decimeter立方厘米 cubic centimeter桶 barrel 石油 petroleumv1.0 可编辑可修改标准国际单位制 standard international unit 厘米-克秒单位制 CGS unit环境设备 ambience apparatus校验 calibration兼容性 compatibility扩散系数 diffusion coefficient故障 fault公顷 hectarePART3 典型产品结构芯式，内铁式 core type壳式，外铁式 shell type铁心 core磁路 magnetic circuit线圈 winding, coil高压线圈 HV winding中压线圈 MV winding低压线圈 LV winding调压线圈 tapped winding, regulating winding 高压引线 high-voltage leads中压引线 mid-voltage leads低压引线 low-voltage leads夹件 clamping frame上部夹件 upper clamping下部夹件 lower clamping线圈压紧螺栓winding compressing bolt 线圈压紧装置winding compressing device线圈端部绝缘 end insulation of winding器身定位装置 positioning device for active-part定位装置 fixing device铁心垫脚 foot-plate of core垫脚 foot-pad分接引线 tapping leads, tap leads引线支架 supporting frame for leads无励磁分接开关non-excitation tap-changer无载分接开关 off-circuit tap-changer 分接选择器 tap selector 有载分接开关on-load tap-changer(OLTC) on-circuit tap-changer切换开关 diverter switch选择开关 selector switch转换选择器 change-over selector粗选择器 coarse tap selector触头组 set of contacts过度触头 transition contacts过度阻抗 transition impedance有载开关操纵机构 operating mechanism of OLTC驱动机构 driving mechanism电动机构 motor drive垂直转动轴 vertical driving shaftv1.0 可编辑可修改水平转动轴horizontal driving shaft伞尺轮盒 bevel gear box防雨罩 drip-proof cap联轴节 coupling最大分接 maximum tapping最小分接 minimum tapping额定分接rated tapping, principal tapping固定分接位置数number of inherent tapping positions工作分接位置数number of service tapping positions主分接 principal tap, main tap正分接 plus tapping负分接 minus tapping分接变换操作 tap-changer operation分接位置指示器tap position indicator 线圈分接电压tapping voltage of a winding线圈分接电流tapping current of a winding线圈分接容量tapping power of a winding分接范围 tapping range分接量 tapping quantities分接因子 tapping factor分接工作能力 tapping duty分接线 tapping step分接线 tapping connection分接引线 tapping lead小车支架及滚轮 bogie frame and wheel 箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim垫脚垫块supporting block for foot-pad 联管接头tube connector联接法兰 connecting flange加强筋，加强板 stiffener油箱垂直加强铁vertical stiffening channel of tank wall油箱活门 oil sampling valve放油活门 oil drainningvalve冷却器 cooler集中安装 concentrated installation集中安装强油循环风冷器concentrated installation of forced-oil circulating air cooler冷却器进口 inlet of cooler冷却器出口 outlet of cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump油流继电器 oil flow relay净油器 oil filter虹吸净油器 oil siphon filter散热器 radiatorv1.0 可编辑可修改片式散热器 panel type radiator管式散热器 tubular radiator放油塞 oil draining plug放气塞 air exhausting plug蝶阀 radiator valve butterfly valve 风扇支架supporting frame for fan motors风扇及电机 fan and motor风扇接线盒connecting box for fan motors储油柜 conservator油位计 oil-level indicator气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz realy 皮托继电器 pitot relay储油柜联管elbow joint for conservator 有载开关用储油柜conservator for OLTC 有载开关用气体继电器 gas relay for OLTC 联管 tube connector吸湿器 dehydrating breather铭牌 rating plate温度计 thermometer指示仪表柜cabinet panel for indicating instruments风扇控制柜 cabinet panel for fan motor control压力释放阀 pressure-relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pope膨胀器 expander主排气导管 main gas-conduit分支导气管 branching gas-conduit滤油界面 tube connector for oil-filter 温度计座 thermometer socket储油柜支架supporting frame for conservator高压套管 HV bushing高压套管均压球equipotential shielding for HV bushing高压零相套管 HV neutral bushing, HV bushing phase0中压套管 MV bushing中压零相套管 MV neutral bushing, MV bushing phase0低压套管 LV bushing接地套管 earthing bushing极性 polarity极化 polarization高压套管储油柜 conservator for HV bushing相间隔板interphase insulating barrier吊攀 lifting lug安装轨道 installation rail相序标志牌 designation mark of phasev1.0 可编辑可修改sequence接地螺栓 earthing bolt视察窗 inspection hole手孔 handhole人孔 manholeMR有载开关 MR OLTCABB 有载开关 ABB OLTC伊林有载开关 ELIN OLTC3.129 F&套管 F&G bushingPART4 铁心结构多框式铁心 multi-frame type core三相三柱铁心 three-phase three-limb core三相五柱铁心three-phase five-limb core卷铁心 wound core冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon sheet steel晶粒 crystalline grain高导磁硅钢片 HI-B silicon sheet steel 铁心片 core lamination 一迭铁心 a lamination stock铁心迭积图lamination drawing, lamination diagram迭片 lamination迭片系数 lamination factor空间利用系数 space factor层间绝缘 layer insulation斜接缝 mitring45°斜接缝45°mitred joint斜接缝的交错排列方式over-lay arrangement for mitred joints of lamination重迭 overlap铁心油通 oil-duct of core铁心气道air ventilating duct of core 阶梯接缝stepped lay joint对接铁心 butt jointed core渐开线铁心 evolute core, involute core 空气隙 air gap铁心拉板 tensile plate of core limb, core drawplate铁心柱 core limb, core lge轭，铁轭 yoke上轭 upper yoke下轭 lower yoke旁轭 side yoke, return yoke环氧绑扎带 epoxy-bonded bandage轭拉带 yoke tensile belt铁轭拉带 banded band of core yoke上轭顶梁 top jointing beam of upper yoke侧梁 side beam夹件 clamping framev1.0 可编辑可修改铁心夹件 core clamps, coreframe铁轭夹件 yoke clamping, yoke clamps上夹件 upper yoke clamping, upper yoke clamps下夹件lower yoke clampings, lower yoke clamps夹件腹板 web of yoke clamping夹件肢板 limb of yoke clamping夹件加强stiffening plate of clamping 压线圈的压钉winding compressing bolt 压钉螺母 nut for compressing bolt弹簧压钉 compressing bolt with spring 油缸压钉compressing bolt with hydraulic damper线圈支撑架 winding supporter线圈支撑架 winding supporting plate垫脚 foot pad定位孔 positioning hole带螺母的定位柱 positioning stud拉螺杆 tensile rod夹件夹紧螺杆 yoke clamping bolt铁心接地片 core earthing strip铁心地屏 earthing screen of code旁轭地屏earthing screen of side yoke 接地屏蔽earthing shield铁心窗高 core window height中心距M center line distance M铁心中间距center distance between lombs木垫块 wood padding block迭片系数 lamination factor铁心的级 stage of lamination stacks心柱外接圆circumscribed circle of core leg铁心端面 core surface perpendicular to lamination木棒 wood bar, wood rod定位板 positioning platePART5 线圈结构圆筒式线圈 cylindrical winding层式线圈 layer winding饼式线圈 disk winding单层圆筒式线圈single layer cylindrical winding双层圆筒式线圈double layer cylindrical winding多层圆筒式线圈multi-layer cylindrical winding大型层式线圈large size long layer winding分段圆筒式线圈sectional layer winding分段多层圆筒线圈sectional multi-layer windingv1.0 可编辑可修改连续式线圈 continuous winding半连续式线圈semi-continuous winding 纠结式线圈interleaved winding纠结饼式线圈interleaved disc winding 纠结—连续式线圈interleaved-continuous winding部分纠结式线圈partial-interleaved winding插花纠结式线圈 sandwich-interleaved winding内屏连续式线圈innershield-continuous winding插入电容式线圈capacitor shield winding高串联电容线圈high series capacitance winding双饼式线圈 twin-disk winding交错式线圈sandwich winding, staggered winding螺旋式线圈helical winding, helix winding半螺旋式线圈 semi-helical winding单列螺旋式线圈single-row helical winding双列螺旋式线圈double-row helical winding三列螺旋式线圈three-row helical winding短螺旋式线圈 short helical winding螺旋式线圈引出端的固定terminal fixing for helical winding分裂式线圈 split winding分段式线圈 sectional winding箔式线圈 foil winding全绝缘线圈uniformly insulated winding分级绝缘线圈gradedly insulated winding, winding with non-uniform insulation第三线圈 tertiary winding高压线圈 high-voltage winding中压线圈mid-voltage winding, intermediate voltage winding 低压线圈 low-voltage winding调压线圈 regulating winding, tapped winding辅助线圈 auxiliary winding平衡线圈 balance winding稳定线圈 stabilizing winding公共线圈 common winding串联线圈 series winding连耦线圈 coupling winding励磁线圈 exciting winding, energizing windingv1.0 可编辑可修改一次线圈 primary winding二次线圈 secondary winding左绕 left-wound右绕 right-wound星形联结 star connection三角形联结 delta connection曲折形联结 zigzag connectionT形联结 scott connection开口三角形联结open-delta connection 开口线圈open winding线段 winding disk, winding section线层 winding layer匝绝缘 turn insulation层绝缘 layer insulation段绝缘insulation between disks, section insulation端绝缘 end insulation顶部端环 top support ring分接头 tapping terminal分接区 tapping zone段间横垫块 radial spacer between disks 燕尾垫块 chock燕尾撑条 dovetail strip垫块的厚度 spacer thickness垫块的宽度 spacer width撑条 stick, duct strip轴向撑条 axial strip油道 oil-duct, oil passage径向油道 radial oil-duct段间油道 oil-duct between disks段间过度联线transfer connection between disks段间换位联线transposed connection between disksS弯 S-bend线圈起始端 initial terminal of winding 线圈终端 final terminal of winding轴向深度 axial depth径向深度 radial depth绝缘纸筒 insulating cylinder匝间绝缘 turn insulation绝缘角环insulating angled ring (collar ring)线匝间垫条insulating filling strips between turns分数匝fractional turn整数匝 integer turn近似一圈 approximate roll并绕导线 parallel wound conductors多股导线 multi-strand conductors电磁线 electro-magnetic conductor组合导线 composite conductor换位导线transposed conductor, transposed cablev1.0 可编辑可修改纸包线 paper wrapped conductor纸包导线 covered conductor漆包线 enameled conductor圆线 round wire硬拉铜导线 hard drawn copper conductor 退火导线 annealed conductor玻璃丝包线glass-fiber covered conductor纸槽 paper channel绑线 binding wire绑绳 binding rope静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring端部电容环capacitive layer end ring 端部电容屏capacitive layer end screen 屏蔽环 shielding ring屏蔽线 shielding conductor屏蔽角环 shroud petal绝缘包扎 insulation wrapping线圈总高度 overall height of winding 铜线高度 copper height of winding线圈调整 trimming of winding线圈浸漆varnish impregnation of winding线圈的换位 transposition of winding标准换位 standard transposition分组换位 transposition by groups线圈展开图planiform drawing of winding线圈的干燥与压缩drying and compressing of winding绝缘的压缩收缩率shrinkage of insulation under compression 无氧铜导线deoxygenized copper conductor铝合金导线 aluminum-alloy conductor PART6 油箱结构及附件钟罩式油箱 bell type tank上节油箱 upper part of tank下节油箱 bottom part of tank箱壁 tank wall带磁屏箱壁tank wall with magnetic shield箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim箱沿护框 pad frame for tank rim gasket 边缘垫片 rim 加强筋,加强板 stiffener联管头 tube connecting flange放油活门 draining valve油样活门 oil sampling valve油样活塞 oil sampling plug闸阀 gate valvev1.0 可编辑可修改蝶阀 butterfly valve球阀 ball valve压力释放阀 pressure relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pipe真空接头connecting flange for evacuation滤油接头connecting flange for oil filter水银温度计pocket for mercury thermometer铭牌底板 base plate of rating plate手孔 handhole人孔 manhole6.27 升高座ascending flanged base turret吊攀 lifting lug千斤顶支座 jacking lug定位钉 positioning pin盖板 cover plate临时盖板 temporary cover plate带隔膜储油柜 conservator with rubber diaphragm 带胶囊储油柜 conservator with rubber bladder沉淀盒 precipitation well导气管 air exhausting pipe导油管 oil conduit吊环 lifting eyebolt有围栏的梯子 ladder with balustrade适形油箱 form-fit tank呼吸器 breather气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz relay 皮托继电器 pitot relay 流动继电器 flow relay风冷却器air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷却器托架 bracket for cooler冷却器拉杆 tensile rod for cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump流量 flow quantity扬程 lift控制箱 control box控制盘 control panel端子箱 terminal box端子排 terminal block风扇接线盒connecting box for fan-motors金属软管 metallic hose封闭母线联结法兰joint flange for enclosed bus-bar管式油位指示器tubular oil-level indicator磁铁式油位指示器magnetic type oil-level indicatorv1.0 可编辑可修改PART7 铁心制造产品制造 manufacturing of products硅钢片纵剪silicon steel sheet slitting硅钢片横剪 silicon steel sheet cutting to length多刀滚剪机 multi-disk-cutter slitting machine纵剪 slitting横剪 cut-to-length纵剪生产线 slitting line横剪生产线 cut-to-length line开卷机 decoiler毛刺 burr铁心片预迭pre-stacking of core lamination铁心迭装 core assembly铁心迭片 core lamination选片 pre-selection of lamination迭片 lamination stacking两片一迭 stacked by two-sheet打（敲）齐 knock to even迭装流转台core assembly tilting platform不迭上轭 core stacking without upper yoke打铁心用垫块 knock block铁心料盘 lamination stocking tray卷铁心机 core winding machine铁心退火 core annealing铁心中间试验 interprocess core test片的角度偏差 angular misalignment of lamination宽度偏差 width deviation长度偏差 length deviation铁心的垂直度 verticality of core铁心起立 tilt the core into vertical position迭片的定位挡板positioning stopper for core assembly硅钢片的涂漆varnish coating of silicon steel sheet片间绝缘试验lamination insulation test半导体粘带 semi-conductive adhesive tape半干环氧粘带semi-cured epoxy adhesive tape粘带的固化 cure of adhesive tape夹紧铁心工具clamping tools for core 铁心柱的夹紧装置tightening device for core leg铁心翻转台 tilting platform of core 螺旋千斤顶 screw jack。
最新变压器毕业论文外文文献翻译
英文资料及其翻译TransformerTypes and Construction of TransformerA transformer is a device that alternating current electric energy at one voltagelevel into alternating current electric energy at another voltage level through the actionof a magnetic field.It consists of two or more coils wire wrapped around a common ferromagnetic core.These coils are (usually)not directly connected. The only connection between the coils is the common magnectic flux presen within the core.One of the transformer windings is connected to a source of ac electric power,and the second(and perhaps third) transformer winding supplies electric power to loads. the transformer winding connected to the power souce is calledthe primary winding or input winding.and the winding connected to the loads is called the secondary winding or input winding.If there is a third winding on the transformer,it is called the tertiary winding.Power transformer are constructed on one of two types of cores.one type of construction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the transformerwindings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle.This type of construction is know ascoreform .The other type consists of three-legged laminated core with the windings wrapped around the center leg .This type of construction is know as shell form.In eithercase,the core is constructed of thin laminations electrically isolated form each other in orderin order to reduce eddy currents to a minimum.The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapped one on top of the other with the low-voltage winding innermost.Such an arrangement severs two purposes: 1.It simplifies the problem of insulating thehigh- voltage winding from the core.2.It results in much less leakage flux thanwould be the two windings were separated by a distance on the core.Power transformer are given a variety of different names, depending on their use in power systems.A transformer connected to the output of a generator and used to stepits voltage up to transformer levels is sometimes called unit transformer. The transformer ai the other end of the transformer line,which steps the voltage down fromtransmission levels to distribution levels,is called a substation transformer.Finally,the transformer that takes the distribution voltage and steps is down to the final voltage aiwhich the power is actually used is called a distribution transformer.All these devicesare essentially the same-the only difference among them is their intended use.In addition to the various power transformer, two special-purpose transformers areused with electric machinery and power systems.The first of these special transformersis a device specially designed to sample a high voltage and produce a low secondaryvoltage directly proportional to it.Such a transformer is called a potential transformer.Apower transformer also produces a secondary voltage directly proportional to its primary voltage;the difference between a potential transformer and a power transformer is thatthe potential transformer is designed to handle only a very small current.The secondtype of special transformer is a device designed to provide a secondary current.muchsmaller than but directly proportional to its primary current.This device is called a current transformer.Cirtcuit BreakersA circuit breaker is mechanical switching device capable of making,and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making.carring for a specified time ,and mediujm in which circuit interruption is performed may be designated by a suitable prefix, for example,air-blastcircuit breaker,oil circuit breaker.The circuit breakers currently in use can be dlassified into the following categories according to the arc- quenching principles:air swetches oel ciryit breakers,minmum-oil circuit breakers,air-blast circuit breakers,the magenetic air circuit breakers,minimum-oilcircuit breakers,aer-blast circuit breakers,the by voltage,insulation levelcurrent,interrupting capabilities,transient recovery coltage,interrupting tiome,and trip delay.The nameplate on a circuit breaker usually indicates:?.The maximum steady-state current it can carry, 2. The maximum interrupting current,3. The maximum line voltage,4.The interrupting time in cycles,The interrupting time in may last form 3 to 8 cycles on a 60 Hz system. To interrubtlarge currents quickly, we have to ensure rapid cooling. High-speed interruption lunits the damage transmission lines and equipment and, equally important,it helpsto mainmain the stability of the system whenever a contingency occurs. The mainparts of a circuit breaker are usually:arc-quenching chamber (or interrupter with moving and fixed contacts) operating mechanism and supporting structures.Air Switches-With increasing currents and voltages, spring-action driving mechanisms were developed to reduce contact buring by faster-opening ter,main contacts were fitted with arcing contacts of special material and shape,which opend after and closed before the main contacts.Further improvements of the air switch were the bursh-type contact with a wiping and cleaning function,the insulating barrier leading to arc chutes,and blowout coils with excellent arc-extinguishing properties.These features,as well as the horn gap contact,are still in use in low voltage as and de breakers.Oil Circuit Breaker Around 1900, in order to cope with the new requirement for “interrupting capacity”,AC switches were immersed in a tank of oil. Is very effective in quenching the arc and establishing the open break after current zero.Deion grids,oil-blast features,pressure-tight joints and vents,new operating mechanisims,and multiple interrupter were introucedover several decades to makethe oil circuit breaker a reliable apparatus for system voltage up to 362kV变压器变压器的类型和结构变压器是一个通过磁场作用将一个交流电压值变成另一个电压值的设备。
某变电所毕业设计的中英文对照(中英文翻译)
摘要XF 110KV变电所是地区重要变电所，是电力系统110KV电压等级的重要部分。
其设计分为电气一次部分和电气二次部分设计。
一次部分由说明书，计算书与电气工程图组成，说明书和计算书包括变电所总体分析;负荷分析与主变选择;电气主接线设计;短路电流计算;电气设备选择;配电装置选择;变电所总平设计及防雷保护设计。
二次部分由说明书，计算书与电气工程图组成。
说明书和计算书包括整体概述;线路保护的整定计算;主变压器的保护整定计算;电容器的保护整定计算;母线保护和所用变保护设计。
计算书和电气工程图为附录部分。
其中一次部分电气AutoCAD制图六张；二次部分为四张手工制图。
本变电所设计为毕业设计课题，以巩固大学所学知识。
通过本次设计，使我对电气工程及其自动化专业的主干课程有一个较为全面，系统的掌握，增强了理论联系实际的能力，提高了工程意识，锻炼了我独立分析和解决电力工程设计问题的能力，为未来的实际工作奠定了必要的基础。
关键词: Ⅰ、变电所Ⅱ、变压器Ⅲ、继电保护AbstractXF county 110KV substation is an important station in this distract, which is one of the extremely necessary parts of the 110KV network in electric power system.The design of the substation can be separated in two parts: primary part and secondary part of the electric design.The first part consists of specifications, computation book and Electrical engineering drawings about the design. The specifications has several parts which are General analysis of the station, Load analysis, The selection of the main transformer, Layout of configuration, Computation of short circuit; Select of electricdevices, Power distribution devices, General design of substation plane and the design of thunderbolt protection.The second part also consists of specifications, computation book and electrical drawings about the design。
电气工程与自动化专业变压器电力变压器的选择和冷却及断路器毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目： 1.变压器2.电力变压器的选择和冷却3.断路器文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：电气工程与自动化班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：《Special English for Architectural ElectricEngineering and Automation》文献、资料来源：期刊（著作、网络等）外文文献一：TransformerOne of the most valuable apparatus in electric power system is the transformer, for it enables us to utilize different voltage levels across the system for the most economical value. Generation of power at the synchronous machine level is normally at a relatively low voltage，which is most desirable economically．Stepping up of this generated voltage to high voltage，extra-high voltage or even to ultra-high voltage is done through power transformers to suit the power transmission requirement to minimize losses and increase the transmission capacity of the lines．This transmission voltage level is then stepped down in many stages for distribution and utilization purposes．A transformer is a static device for transferring electric energy from one circuit to another electromagnetically，that is，by induction instead of by conduction．Its usual function is to transfer energy between circuits of different voltage．A transformer has amagnetic core on which there are two or more windings．These windings are insulated from each other and from ground．In autotransformers，however，the windings are connected together．The assembly of core and coils is normally insulated and cooled by immersion in mineral oil or other suitable liquid within an enclosing tank．Connection to the windings is by means of insulating bushings，usually through the cover.The “ratio of transformation” is determined by the relative number of turns in each of he windings．This is known as the “turn ratio” and it is the ratio of the no-load voltages．When the unit is carrying load, the ratio of the actual voltages is slightly different because of the drop caused by the flow of 1oad current through the impedance of the transformer windings．At rated load, this drop is known as the "voltage regulation". The amount of voltage drop varies with the power factor of the output even when the kilovolt-amperes remain constant．Practically all power transformers and many distribution transformers have taps in one or more windings for changing the turn ratio．Changing the ratio is desirable for two reasons to compensate for varying voltage drop in the system and to assure that the transformer operates as nearly as possible at the correct core density．For the latter purpose, the taps should be in the winding subject to the voltage variation. De-energized tap changers are used when it is expected that the ratio will need to be changed only infrequently, because of load growth or some seasonal change．The desired tap is selected by means of a ratio adjuster(no load taps)．Load tap changer(LTC)is used when changes in ratio may be frequent or when it is undesirable to de-energize the transformer to change a tap．It seldom makes much difference to the user which winding or windings are tapped；therefore，the choice is usually made by the designer on the basis of cost and good design. Both winding current and voltage must be considered when applying LTC equipment．High voltage and high current applications require special considerations to arrive at an optimum location for the LTC equipment．Step down units usually have LTC in the low-voltage winding and de-energized taps in the high voltage winding．When energy is to be transferred between two circuits of nearly the samevoltage．The use of autotransformers affords cost savings over two-winding units．The nearer the voltages are to each other, the smaller will be the autotransformer per kilovolt-ampere of output，and the greater the savings．The simplicity of phasing out systems has increased its use．Most autotransformers are Y-connected，and it has been a standard American practice to add a low capacity, delta winding．This is frequently referred to as a “delta tertiary“．Its primary purpose has been to provide an internal path for the third harmonic currents (required for excitation)，thus reducing those currents on the power system．It also helps to stabilize the neutral and to ground the system better．In recent years，the use of shielded telephone cable has reduced the requirements for the delta tertiary. Because an autotransformer does not afford electrical separation between the two circuits, disturbances originating on one circuit can be communicated to the other．This difficulty is minimized by solidly grounding the neutral of the autotransformer. Solidly grounding the neutral，however, causes(among other things)current of short-circuit magnitude to flow through the delta-connected tertiary winding during ground faults on either system. Autotransformers are not inherently self-protecting and, therefore，all windings must be examined for mechanical strength as applied to the system where they will be used . Tertiaries are normally 35％of the physical size of the largest winding of the autotransformer, unless otherwise specified by the user.The bulk of a11 transformers，except for large extra-high voltage(EHV)and distribution units are three-phase units．In the early days of the industry，It was almost universal practice in the United States to use three single-phase units connected in a three-phase bank．Insulation clearances and shipping limitations for certain large EHV units now require this design．The distribution systems serve mainly single-phase loads in residential areas and are served from single-phase transformers．中文译文一：变压器在电力系统中最有价值的一个装置是变压器,因为它使我们能够在系统中利用不同的电压水平获得最经济的价值。
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摘要XF 110KV变电所是地区重要变电所，是电力系统110KV电压等级的重要部分。
其设计分为电气一次部分和电气二次部分设计。
一次部分由说明书，计算书与电气工程图组成，说明书和计算书包括变电所总体分析;负荷分析与主变选择;电气主接线设计;短路电流计算;电气设备选择;配电装置选择;变电所总平设计及防雷保护设计。
二次部分由说明书，计算书与电气工程图组成。
说明书和计算书包括整体概述;线路保护的整定计算;主变压器的保护整定计算;电容器的保护整定计算;母线保护和所用变保护设计。
计算书和电气工程图为附录部分。
其中一次部分电气AutoCAD制图六张；二次部分为四张手工制图。
本变电所设计为毕业设计课题，以巩固大学所学知识。
通过本次设计，使我对电气工程及其自动化专业的主干课程有一个较为全面，系统的掌握，增强了理论联系实际的能力，提高了工程意识，锻炼了我独立分析和解决电力工程设计问题的能力，为未来的实际工作奠定了必要的基础。
关键词: Ⅰ、变电所Ⅱ、变压器Ⅲ、继电保护AbstractXF county 110KV substation is an important station in this distract, which is one of the extremely necessary parts of the 110KV network in electric power system.The design of the substation can be separated in two parts: primary part and secondary part of the electric design.The first part consists of specifications, computation book and Electrical engineering drawings about the design. The specifications hasseveral parts which are General analysis of the station, Load analysis, The selection of the main transformer, Layout of configuration, Computation of short circuit; Select of electric devices, Power distribution devices, General design of substation plane and the design of thunderbolt protection.The second part also consists of specifications, computation book and electrical drawings about the design。
Specifications and computation book include following section: General, The evaluation and calculate of line protection, Transformer protection, capacitor protection, Bus protection and Self-using transformer protection.Computation book, Electrical engineering drawings and catalogue of drawings are attached in the end。
There are nine drawings total, in which four are prepared by hand, others are prepared by computer in which installed the software electrical AutoCAD. From other view, it also can be classified as first part and second part.This is a design of substation for graduation design test. It can strengthen our specified knowledge.Key-words: Ⅰsubstation Ⅱtransformer Ⅲ Relay protection附录1：外文资料翻译A1.1译文变压器1. 介绍要从远端发电厂送出电能，必须应用高压输电。
因为最终的负荷，在一些点高电压必须降低。
变压器能使电力系统各个部分运行在电压不同的等级。
本文我们讨论的原则和电力变压器的应用。
2. 双绕组变压器变压器的最简单形式包括两个磁通相互耦合的固定线圈。
两个线圈之所以相互耦合，是因为它们连接着共同的磁通。
在电力应用中，使用层式铁芯变压器(本文中提到的)。
变压器是高效率的，因为它没有旋转损失，因此在电压等级转换的过程中，能量损失比较少。
典型的效率范围在92到99%，上限值适用于大功率变压器。
从交流电源流入电流的一侧被称为变压器的一次侧绕组或者是原边。
它在铁圈中建立了磁通φ，它的幅值和方向都会发生周期性的变化。
磁通连接的第二个绕组被称为变压器的二次侧绕组或者是副边。
磁通是变化的；因此依据楞次定律，电磁感应在二次侧产生了电压。
变压器在原边接收电能的同时也在向副边所带的负荷输送电能。
这就是变压器的作用。
3. 变压器的工作原理当二次侧电路开路是，即使原边被施以正弦电压V p，也是没有能量转移的。
外加电压在一次侧绕组中产生一个小电流Iθ。
这个空载电流有两项功能：（1）在铁芯中产生电磁通，该磁通在零和 φm之间做正弦变化，φm是铁芯磁通的最大值；（2）它的一个分量说明了铁芯中的涡流和磁滞损耗。
这两种相关的损耗被称为铁芯损耗。
变压器空载电流Iθ一般大约只有满载电流的2%—5%。
因为在空载时，原边绕组中的铁芯相当于一个很大的电抗，空载电流的相位大约将滞后于原边电压相位90º。
显然可见电流分量I m= I0sinθ0，被称做励磁电流，它在相位上滞后于原边电压V P 90º。
就是这个分量在铁芯中建立了磁通；因此磁通φ与I m同相。
第二个分量I e=I0sinθ0，与原边电压同相。
这个电流分量向铁芯提供用于损耗的电流。
两个相量的分量和代表空载电流，即I0 = I m+ I e应注意的是空载电流是畸变和非正弦形的。
这种情况是非线性铁芯材料造成的。
如果假定变压器中没有其他的电能损耗一次侧的感应电动势E p和二次侧的感应电压E s 可以表示出来。
因为一次侧绕组中的磁通会通过二次绕组，依据法拉第电磁感应定律，二次侧绕组中将产生一个电动势E ，即E=NΔφ/Δt。
相同的磁通会通过原边自身，产生一个电动势E p 。
正如前文中讨论到的，所产生的电压必定滞后于磁通90º，因此，它于施加的电压有180º的相位差。
因为没有电流流过二次侧绕组，E s =V s 。
一次侧空载电流很小，仅为满载电流的百分之几。
因此原边电压很小，并且V p 的值近乎等于E p 。
原边的电压和它产生的磁通波形是正弦形的；因此产生电动势E p 和E s 的值是做正弦变化的。
产生电压的平均值如下E avg = turns×给定时间内磁通变化量给定时间即是法拉第定律在瞬时时间里的应用。
它遵循E avg = N 21/(2)m f = 4fNφm 其中N 是指线圈的匝数。
从交流电原理可知，有效值是一个正弦波，其值为平均电压的1.11倍；因此E = 4.44fNφm因为一次侧绕组和二次侧绕组的磁通相等，所以绕组中每匝的电压也相同。
因此E p = 4.44fN p φm并且E s = 4.44fN s φm其中N p 和E s 是一次侧绕组和二次侧绕组的匝数。
一次侧和二次侧电压增长的比率称做变比。
用字母a 来表示这个比率，如下式 a = p s E E = p sN N 假设变压器输出电能等于其输入电能——这个假设适用于高效率的变压器。
实际上我们是考虑一台理想状态下的变压器；这意味着它没有任何损耗。
因此P m = P out或者V p I p × primary PF = V s I s × secondary PF这里PF 代表功率因素。
在上面公式中一次侧和二次侧的功率因素是相等的；因此V p I p = V s I s从上式我们可以得知p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a 它表明端电压比等于匝数比，换句话说，一次侧和二次侧电流比与匝数比成反比。
匝数比可以衡量二次侧电压相对于一次恻电压是升高或者是降低。
为了计算电压，我们需要更多数据。
终端电压的比率变化有些根据负载和它的功率因素。
实际上, 变比从标识牌数据获得, 列出在满载情况下原边和副边电压。
当副边电压V s 相对于原边电压减小时，这个变压器就叫做降压变压器。
如果这个电压是升高的，它就是一个升压变压器。
在一个降压变压器中传输变比a 远大于1(a>1.0)，同样的，一个升压变压器的变比小于1(a<1.0)。
当a=1时，变压器的二次侧电压就等于起一次侧电压。
这是一种特殊类型的变压器，可被应用于当一次侧和二次侧需要相互绝缘以维持相同的电压等级的状况下。
因此，我们把这种类型的变压器称为绝缘型变压器。
显然，铁芯中的电磁通形成了连接原边和副边的回路。
在第四部分我们会了解到当变压器带负荷运行时一次侧绕组电流是如何随着二次侧负荷电流变化而变化的。
从电源侧来看变压器，其阻抗可认为等于V p / I p 。
从等式 p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a 中我们可知V p = aV s 并且I p = I s /a 。
根据V s 和I s ，可得V p 和I p 的比例是p p V I = /s s aV I a= 2s s a V I 但是V s / I s 负荷阻抗Z L ，因此我们可以这样表示Z m (primary) = a 2Z L这个等式表明二次侧连接的阻抗折算到电源侧，其值为原来的a 2倍。
我们把这种折算方式称为负载阻抗向一次侧的折算。
这个公式应用于变压器的阻抗匹配。
4. 有载情况下的变压器一次侧电压和二次侧电压有着相同的极性，一般习惯上用点记号表示。
如果点号同在线圈的上端，就意味着它们的极性相同。