史明丽老师新讲义
北京上智卓越管理测评技术中心讲义完整版word资料40页
卓越领导力心理解码教程(P1)引言大家好!对于我们在座的各位来说，公元…，也就是今天，是一个非常值得纪念的日子！因为从现在起，我们将学习和掌握最系统、最实用的领导力知识，，这就是卓越领导力所必备的心理品质。
它将会对你未来的职业生涯产生重要影响，也许还会给企业带来巨大的效益(P3)。
我本人就深有体会，如果早在20年前或者刚踏入社会的时候我就掌握了这些领导力心理品质的话，也许现在站在你们面前的不是简大校，而是简将军了（P2）。
再举个例子：上海有一个叫做“佑肯”的人力资源外包公司（这个名字听起来有点绕口，It means everything you can do）。
两年前，由于该公司主要负责人缺乏相应的卓越领导力心理品质，导致企业亏损，人才流失。
后来通过我们对这位负责人的教练和发展，使该企业流失的人才纷纷回归，企业扭亏为盈。
这家公司的一位高管告诉我：“我们之所以回来是因为我们的老板变了，变得和蔼可亲了，变得更有经营策略了，现在觉得跟着老板很踏实，很开心。
”这些领导力必备的心理品质是由我国著名领导力发展专家通过长期以来为众多企业建立领导力素质模型、为上千名企业高管做测评与发展，从而研究和总结出来的，它已经使数以万计的管理人员在领导力发展方面得到实实在在的提升(P4).在学习和掌握卓越领导力必备的心理品质之前，我首先请大家思考几个问题：1、本拉登之死意味着什么(P5)？2、去年发生的天安号沉船事件是怎么回事(P6)？恭喜答题的同学，你已经具备了卓越领导力必备的心理品质之一：战略思维。
上面的问题不是在考你的国际知识，而是在考察一个人的眼界和思维能力。
因为只有具备战略眼光的领导者，才能带领他的团队从弱小走向强大，从成功走向更大的成功(P7)。
我在复旦读博时，我的老师曾经给我们讲过这么一个例子…。
再来看下面的画面：1、哪一个美女对你更感兴趣(P8、P9)？恭喜你，答对了！这说明你具备了另外一个领导力心理品质――知人之智。
2017秋高中历史第三单元从人文精神之源到科学理性时代第14课理性之光课堂演练岳麓版必修3
第三单元从人文精神之源到科学理性时代第14课理性之光1．启蒙思想家们深信：启蒙必须依靠科学，科学能揭示“自然之光”，也能点燃“理性之光”，引导人们从黑暗走向光明。
这说明( )A．近代科学追求王权公平B．科学技术是走向理性的唯一条件C．自然科学推动理性发展D．资本主义经济发展推动了科技的进步解析：从“科学能揭示‘自然之光’，也能点燃‘理性之光’”可知科学揭示的是自然界的发展规律，也推动了理性发展，故C项正确。
答案：C2．法国启蒙思想家孟德斯鸠提出：“要防止滥用权力，必须用权力来约束权力，形成一种能联合各种权力的政体，其中各种权力既调节配合，又相互制约，即权力要分开掌握和使用。
”这体现的原则是( )A．自由平等B．主权在民C．分权制衡D．民主共和解析：材料反映的是孟德斯鸠主张权力之间相互制约，体现的是分权制衡原则，故C 项正确。
答案：C3．法国国家图书馆里珍藏着一个小盒子，里面保存着伏尔泰的心脏，盒子上写着伏尔泰的一句话：“我的心脏在这里，但到处是我的精神。
”伏尔泰“精神”的实质是( )A．主张上帝至高无上B．提倡进步和理性C．主张实行开明君主制D．主张天赋人权解析：本题考查启蒙运动中启蒙思想家伏尔泰的精神的实质，难度较大。
C、D两项虽然是伏尔泰的主张，但不能体现伏尔泰精神的实质。
结合启蒙运动的核心思想来分析便可得出结论，伏尔泰精神的实质是提倡进步和理性。
答案：B4．孟德斯鸠反对君主专制，是资产阶级国家学说和法学理论的奠基者。
他的代表作是( )A．《论法的精神》B．《社会契约论》C．《纯粹理性批判》D．《十日谈》答案：A5．当爆发于18世纪的这场运动使“宗教、自然观、国家制度，一切都受到了最无情的批判；一切都必须在理性的法庭面前为自己的存在作辩护或者放弃存在的权利”时，它所产生的重大政治影响是( )A．促进了欧洲人思想的进一步解放B．动摇了欧洲对罗马教廷的迷信C．根据资产阶级利益构建政治制度D．彻底摧毁了欧洲人的宗教信仰解析：根据材料中“宗教、自然观、国家制度，一切都受到了最无情的批判”，“在理性的法庭面前为自己的存在作辩护”，可以看出这一运动以理性为旗帜，构建理性王国。
2025版《师说》高中全程复习构想历史高考微讲座(一)
高考微讲座(一)中国古代史大题突破技法点拨高分导练技法①以情境化和材料化解答材料问答题(1)情境化：运用史料还原情境，主干知识常考常新。
“考查对基本历史知识掌握程度”是知识层面的考核内容，即考查考生对历史主干知识掌握的深度和广度，新高考等级考试突出了这一命题趋向。
(2)材料化：获取材料有效信息，灵活迁移解答问题。
文字材料、图片材料、表格材料被大量引入试题，“题在书外，理在书中”已成为历史高考的常态。
表面上看新材料、新情境、新问题超越了教材，实际上从能力考查的角度来说，则是考查了学生的知识迁移能力。
新高考等级考试突出了对学科素养的考查，强调基础性、综合性、应用性、创新性。
经典示例——在体验中品悟技法[例][2023·湖南卷，17]阅读材料，完成下列要求。
(18分)材料一敦煌户籍残卷所见唐代均田户受田情况表户籍年代均田户数受足户数平均每户应受田亩数平均每户未受田亩数高宗时期10101.069.0武则天时期40143.5102.0玄宗时期322148.7106.6代宗时期112149.389.8注：唐代上柱国按规定受勋田3 000亩，表中是排除了上柱国户后的数据。
——改编自王仲荦《隋唐五代史》材料二白居易的《赠友》描述了两税征钱导致钱重物轻而伤农的现象，“胡(何)为秋夏税，岁岁输铜钱。
钱力日已重，农力日已殚”；表达了对租庸调法的认同，“庸必算丁口，租必计桑田。
不求土所无，不强人所难。
量入以为出，上足下亦安”，主张“复彼租庸法，令如贞观年”。
柳宗元的《答元饶州论政理书》指出，两税法实行按户等征税，富人贿赂官吏求居下等以逃税，导致“贫者愈困饿死亡而莫之省，富者愈恣横侈泰而无所忌”。
他认为要避免上述现象的出现，只有“舍其产而唯丁田之间”，即恢复以身丁为本的租庸调法。
——改编自付志宇《唐人诗文所见两税法变革补证》(1)根据材料一，指出唐代均田制推行中存在的主要问题，并结合所学知识分析其原因。
(8分)(2)根据材料，结合所学知识，评析白居易、柳宗元对唐代税制改革的看法。
专升本基础班讲义
目录2010年公共英语试题 (2)2009年公共英语试题 (7)2008年公共英语试题 (12)2007年公共英语试题 (17)2006年公共英语试题 (22)2005年公共英语试题 (27)2004年公共英语试题 (32)2003年公共英语试题 (36)2002年公共英语试题 (41)2001年公共英语试题 (46)专升本语法 (50)专升本写作 (69)2010年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语试题PartⅢReading Comprehension(40points)Passage1Thousands of years ago,in the middle of an ocean,miles from the nearest island,an undersea volcano broke out.The hot liquid got higher and higher and spread wider and wider. In this way,an island rose up in the sea.As time went on,hot sun and cool rains made the rock split and break to pieces.Sea waves hit against the rock.In this way,soil and sand came into being.Nothing lived on the naked soil.And then the wind and birds brought plant seeds,spiders and other little living things there.Only plants could grow first.Only they,in sunlight,could produce food from the soil,water and air.While many animals landed on the island,they could find no food.A spider made its web uselessly,because there were no insects(昆虫)for its web to catch.Insects couldn’t stay until there were plants for them to eat.So plants had to be the first life on this new island.61.The passage centers on_______.A.how an undersea volcano broke outB.how an island rose up in the seaC.how soil was formed on a new islandD.how life began on a volcano produced island62.According to the passage,the island got its first soil from_______.A.sea wavesB.the sand brought by the windC.its own rockD.cool rains63.The word"naked"(in para.3)could be replaced by which of the following?A.redB.newC.oldD.bare64.The order of coming into being on the island is_______.A.soil,plants and animalsB.soil,little creatures and plantsC.soil,birds and plantsD.soil,human beings and animals65.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?A.Spiders were the first life that could live on the island.B.The island is far away from any piece of land.C.Insects could not live on the island without plantsD.Plants were brought to the island by human beingsPassage2Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July21,1899in Oak Park,Illinois.In the nearly sixty two years of his life that followed,he built a literary fame unsurpassed（无法超越）in the twentieth century.As a boy he was taught by his father to hunt and fish along the shores and in the forests around Lake Michigan.The Hemingways had a summer house in northern Michigan,and the family would spend the summer months there trying to stay cool.Hemingway would either fish the different streams that ran into the lake,or would take the small boat out to do some fishing there.He would also go squirrel hunting in the woods,discovering early in life the peace to be found while alone in the forest or going through a stream.It was something he could always go back to throughout his life,and though he often found himself living in major cities like Chicago,Toronto and Paris early in his life,once he became successful he chose somewhat isolated places to live in.When he wasn’t hunting or fishing his mother taught him the good points of music.She was a skilled singer who once had wished a life on stage,but at last settled down with her husband and spent her time by giving voice and music lessons to local children,including her own.Hemingway was never talented for music and suffered through singing practices and music lessons,however,the musical knowledge he got from his mother helped him share in his first wife Hadley’s interest in the piano.66.Ernest Hemingway died in_______.A.1969B.1979C.1981D.196167.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.His father taught him to fish and hunt when he was a boy.B.His family had a summer house in northern Michigan.C.He taught himself music when he was a boy.D.He also went squirrel hunting in the woods.68.After he became successful,Ernest Hemingway_______.A.preferred to stay in big citiesB.chose to live in somewhat isolated placesC.moved his family to ParisD.killed himself69.Being talented in music,Hemingway’s mother once wanted to_______.A.be a music teacherB.help Hemingway learn musicC.perform on the stage as a singerD.marry a rich husband70.The passage is most probably from_______.A.a literary biographyB.a science textbookC.a term paperD.a personal diaryPassage3What will man be like in the future—in5000or even50000years from now?We can only make a guess,of course,but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today.For man is slowly changing all the time.Let us take an obvious example.Man,even five hundred years ago,was shorter than he is today.Now,on average,men are about three inches taller.Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time,so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again,in the modern world we use our brains a great deal.Even so,we still make use of only about20%of the brain’s capacity.As time goes on,however,we shall have to use our brains more and more,and eventually we shall need larger ones.This is likely to bring about a physical change tool—the head,in particular the forehead,will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in constant use.In fact,we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses.But over very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.On the other hand,we tend to make less use of our arms and legs.These,as a result,are likely to grow weaker.At the same time,however,our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair?It will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.In the future,then,both sexes are likely to be bald.Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at.This may well be true.All the same,in spite of all these changes,future man will still have a lot in common with us.He will still be a human being,with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.71.The passage tells us about_______.A.how man’s life will be in the futureB.how future man will look likeC.the fact that man’s organs will function differently in the futureD.the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes72.There is evidence that man is changing,_______.A.he has been growing taller over the past500yearsB.he has got stronger eyes than he ever hadC.his hair is getting thinner and thinnerD.his limbs are getting weaker because he tends to make less use of them73.Man’s forehead will grow larger because_______.A.he will make use of only about20%of the brain’s capacityB.the other80%of his brain will grow in due timeC.he had rather narrow forehead a few hundred years agoD.he will have to use his brain more and more as time goes on74.Future man will probably_______.A.have smaller eyesB.have larger eyesC.see betterD.have to wear better glasses75.The reason for believing that future man will be different is that he_______.A.will grow strongerB.never stops changingC.hopes for a changeD.will live a different lifePassage4Auctions（拍卖）are public sales of goods,made by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd assembled in the auction room to make offers,or bids,for the various items on sale.He encouraged buyers to bid higher figures,and finally named the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods.This is called“knocking down”the goods,for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands.This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction,and the English word comes from the Latin auction,meaning“increase”.The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war,these sales were called“sub hash”,meaning“under the spear”,a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather.In England in the eighteenth century, goods were often sold“by the candle”:a short candle was lit by the auctioneer,and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities varied are sold by auction.Among these are coffee, hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruit,vegetables and wines.Auction sales are also usual for land and property,antique furniture,pictures,rare books,old china and similar works of art.The auction rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers.If the advertisement cannot give full details,catalogues are printed,and each group of goods to be sold together,called a “lot”,is usually given a number.The auctioneer need not begin with Lot1and continue in numerical order;he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in.The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for.The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.76.A“bidder”(in para.1)is a person_______.A.who sells something.B.who buys something.C.who offers a price.D.who borrows something.77.Auctioned goods are sold_______price offered.A.for the highestB.for the fixedC.for the lowestD.for the unexpected78.The end of the bidding is called“knocking down”because_______.A.the auctioneer knocks the buyer downB.the auctioneer knocks the rostrum downC.the goods are knocked down onto the tableD.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer79.The“candle”used in paragraph2is_______.A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to give light to the auctioneerD.to limit the time when offers could be made80.An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers_______.A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be soldC.the order in which goods must be soldD.free admission to the auction sale61-65C D A C A66-70D B B D C71-75A B D D C76-80A B A C D2009年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语试题Part II Reading Comprehension(40points)Passage1A wealthy Persian Prince loved good stories.The older he grew，the fonder he became of them.But he always regretted they had to have an end.So he decided to give half his wealth and his beautiful daughter to the man who could tell him a story without an end.Anybody who failed would be sent to prison for life.The risk was so great that nobody came to the palace to tell the Prince a story for a whole year.Then one day a tall,handsome young man came and said he wanted to tell a story that would go on forever.The prince agreed but warned him what would happen if he failed.“The risk is worth the head of your fair daughter,”the young man replied poetically（得体地）.He then began this well-known story:“Once upon a time there was a certain King who feared famine.So he ordered his men to build an enormous storehouse,which he filled with corn.Then,when it was up,made water-proof and made fire-proof,the King felt happy.But one day he noticed a small hole in the roof and as he looked at it,a locust came out with a grain of corn.A minute later,another locust came out with another grain of corn.Then a third locust with another grain of corn.Then a fourth locust,flying at great speed,pushed through the hole and came out with two grains of corn.Then a fifth locust came and…”“Stop”shouted the Prince.“I can’t,”answered the young man.“I must go on until I tell you what happened to each grain of the corn.”“But that will go on for ever.”The Prince protested.“Exactly”the young man replied,and he smiled as he turned towards the Prince’s beautiful young daughter.41.The Prince always felt regretted about story because_________.A.he had too much wealthB.there was terrible famineC.all stories have endsD.there was no story-teller42.The young man risked to tell an endless story to the Prince for_________.A.a great sumB.the prince’s beautiful daughterC.showing his braveryD.Both A and C43.The young man would be sent to prison_________if he failed to tell a story without an end.A.foreverB.for some timeC.for a whileD.for a year44.In order to prevent famine,the King asked to build_________.A.a huge storehouseB.a large farmC.a beautiful palaceD.a waterproof kitchen45.The thing the king noticed first in the roof was_________.A.a loafB.a small holeC.a grain of cornD.a locustPassage2Packaging is an important form of advertising.A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product.For example,a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character.The child is more interested in the picture than in the breakfast food.Pictures for children to color or cut out,games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents for them.Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing.Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this.Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less,people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish,because they believe the container is free.However,the cost of the container is added to the cost ofthe product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer.Maybe the package has“Economy Size”printed on it.This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money.But that is not always true.To find out,a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit.The information on the package should provide some answers.But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement.The words and pictures do not tell the whole story.Only the product inside can do that.46.Which of the following statements could best summarize the main idea of the passage?A.Children are interested in some packages of products.B.Package is one of the important ways of advertising.C.People prefer to buy the products in plain containers.D.The size of a package usually motivates a buyer.47.The phrase“a buyer will get something for nothing”(Line1,Para2)probably means _________.A.a buyer will get something free of chargeB.a buyer will get something uselessC.a buyer will get something usefulD.nothing is worth buying48.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.Sometimes people are easily motivated by packages.B.Small children sometimes are more interested in games printed on a package than the product itself.C.A product in a reusable container must be cheaper than a similar product in aplain container.D.“Economy Size”doesn t always suggest that people can buy the most productfor the least money49.What does the word“them”(Line6,Para.1)refer to?_________.A.Small giftsB.PicturesC.GamesD.Products50.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A.Package is just an advertisement.B.Buyers shouldn’t believe the information on the package too much.C.The package has nothing to do at all with the product.D.Buyers can always find answers in the information on the package.Passage3For any Englishman,there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatist.Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him:that of William Shakespeare.Every Englishman has some knowledge,however slight,of the work our greatest writer.All of us use words,phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the common property of English-speaking people.Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we use,rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of HAMLET and complained that“it was full of well-known proverbs and quotations.”Shakespeare,more perhaps than any other writer,made full use of the great resources of the English language.Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English;Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand.There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it.Such a study is well worth the effort(it is not,of course,recommended to beginners)even though some aspects of English usage,and the meaning of many words,have changed since Shakespeare’s day.51.English people_________.A.have never discussed who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatistB.never discuss about the world’s greatest poets or dramatistsC.are sure who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatistD.do not care who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatist52.Every Englishman knows_________.A.more or less about ShakespeareB.Shakespeare,but only slightlyC.all the Shakespeare’s writingsD.only the name of greatest English writer53.Which of the following is TRUE?A.We use all the words,phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings.B.Shakespeare’s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English.C.It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origin of the words they use.D.All the words people use are taken from Shakespeare’s writings.54.“HAMLET”is_________.A.a play written by ShakespeareB.a play recommended by ShakespeareC.a play appreciated by ShakespeareD.a play people have been complaining about55.It is worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used Englishbecause_________.A.English words have changed a lot since Shakespeare’s timeB.by doing so one can be fully aware of the richness of English languageC.English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare’s daysD.English words are now the same in various ways as in Shakespeare’daysPassage4Most cities and/or states in the U.S.collect a sales tax on almost everything you buy.You must ask when you move into a new community how much the local sales tax is,and what items are and are not taxable.Both taxable items and the amount of tax vary considerably from place,from one of two percent in some places up to eight or ten in others.The New York City sales tax,for examples,is currently8%,so if you buy a pair of$40 shoes you will actually have to pay$43.20.This makes paying and getting correct change much more difficult(not to mention making everything more expensive).Another thing that makes money changes more complicated is tipping.The Chinese people have happily put an end to tipping,but Westerners are still plagued(遭受折磨)with this indignity.Waiters and waitresses,cab drivers,hotel bellboys,barbers and hairdressers and all sorts of other people must be tipped.Their employers give them low wages because it is expected that you,the customer,will make up the difference.If you don't,the service person can't earn a living.Tipping also varies from place to place,generally in the area of15%of your bill(before taxes),but again you should ask local residents whom to tip andhow much.There is another kind of tipping as well.You are generally expected to give something (either cash or a bottle of whisky)to the mailman at Christmas time.You should discuss this also with neighbors and friends.56.The main idea of this passage is_________.A.shopping and tippingB.sales and shoppingC.sales taxes and tippingD.sales taxes and people57.According to the passage,if you buy a pair of$50shoes in the New York City,you pay extra_________as sales tax.A.$4.5B.$4C.$5D.$5.5ually,cab drivers_________.A.get high wages from the employerB.get great benefits from the employerC.get low wages from the employerD.get prize from the employer59.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true?A.The Chinese people have to pay tips in western countries.B.The westerners don't have to pay high tips in their own country.C.Barbers,hotel bellboys and all sorts of other people can earn a living if they are not tipped.D.Tipping varies from place to place,generally in the area of20%of your bill.ually,taxable items and the amount of tax_________.A.have no difference from place to place in the U.S.B.are over15%in the U.S.C.have been put an end in the U.S.D.vary from place to place in the U.S.41-45CBAAB46-50BACDB51-55CACAB56-60CBCAD2008年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语试卷PartⅡReading Comprehension(40points)Passage1Procrastination(犹豫不决)is a disease of the mind.A scientific study in recent years has shown that it is a close relative of sadness and attention disorder;that procrastinators tend to be the result of low self-confidence and are likely to experience anxiety.The research has shown,what is more,that the illness has become quite common.Susan Robert,a behavioral psychologist who has written a book called Living With Procrastination, says that about a quarter of the adult population of the United States and Canada report having serious problems with procrastination.“when we say‘serious’we mean people for whom procrastination causes great discomfort and suffering.We’ve found that such people are more troubled by daily life than others,that possibility of anxiety is much higher among them than in the rest of the population.”In a society driven by achievement,it is little wonder that not being able to work at full steam will bring people sadness.Surely,in the land of opportunity,this anxiety has produced an industry of experts offering solutions.Many books and specialist solutions have appeared. In exchange for$19.95,Dr.Jerome Murray will send out an audio-cassette called“Protect your future from the thief of procrastination.”Dr.Murray promises that if you follow his step-by-step rules you will be empowered to“turn self-defeat into self-realization”.“Since the start of the1990s,procrastination has been taken more and more seriously,”said Dr.Roberts, who has been treating patients troubled by the condition for more than20years.“It is now recognized as a true mental health problem and is being seen more as a psychological problem and less as a moral issue.”41.What is the main topic of this passage?A.Don’t hesitate to give up smoking.B.Don’t regard depression as not important.C.Delay can be a sign of illness.D.Don’t work too hard to stay healthy.42．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?A.Procrastination is a disease of the mind.B.Procrastination is likely to cause a great discomfort and suffering.C.Procrastination is not considered as a psychological problem but a moral issue.D.Dr.Jerome Murray provides some ways to get rid of procrastination.43.How does the author look at procrastination?A.It is something like running.B.It is a disease of mind.C.It is not a permitted act.D.It is not full of stress.44.These are the signs of procrastination except______________.A.discomfortB.sufferingC.pleasureD.sadness45.What’s the main idea of Dr.Murray’s cassette“Protect your future from the thief ofprocrastination”?A.Turn defeat to self-realization.B.Turn depression into enthusiasm.C.Procrastination has been taken more and more seriously.D.Turn self-defeat into self-realization.Passage2Parrots are becoming one of the most popular pets in America and for good reason.The parrot is an extraordinary bird that can be taught to talk,can be easily cared for,and can create a lively atmosphere anywhere.With the help of an energetic parrot owner,a parrot can develop an enormous vocabulary.In addition,a parrot can be trained to say“Pretty boy”or “Polly wants a cracker,”and it also can learn to whistle or sing.No matter what an owner decides to teach a bird,training a parrot takes much patience,but the reward is a stream of chatter.Another reason for the parrot’s popularity is that this pet does not require much care. For example,even a spoiled parrot does not need a house-sitter for the purpose of daily walks and daily feeding.In fact,a parrot owner may leave his or her pet with enough food for five days and have no fear that the parrot will overeat.Still another advantage of owning a parrot is its inexpensive food,including seeds,nuts,corn,and grain－along with an apple,banana,or carrot.Perhaps the most likely reason the parrot is becoming such a well-liked pet is that it is a combination of tameness and wildness.Because the parrot can live in almost any environment, it makes a fine,tame companion for many people.In addition,because it can be easily trained, it is a delightful performer.At the same time,its colorful feathers give it an air of the mystery of the parrot’s native home,the jungle.Thus,the parrot,once a highly valued gift presented to kings and noble families,is now appreciated by a growing number of people.46．A parrot can be trained to do all the following but________.A．talkB．help its ownerC．singD．create a lively atmosphere47．Which of the following is not a reason for the easy raising of the parrot?A．It eats very little.B．Its food is inexpensiveC．It does not need a house-sitter.D．It does not require daily walks as dogs do.48．The word“tameness”in the passage means______.A．the quality of being brave or unafraidB．the quality of being kind or warm-heartedC．the quality of being uncontrolled or fierceD．the quality of being gentle or trained49.The word“jungle”probably means______.A．boundless desert with very little plant lifeB．large apartment building with pleasing surroundingsC．wild land overgrown with thick bushes and treesD．snow-covered mountain top in very cold areas50.The writer______.A．likes the parrotB．dislikes the parrotC．does not like nor dislike the parrotD．values the parrot highlyPassage3In my long life I have seen many changes in our habits and customs and conditions in general.I think that you might be interested if I told you some of them.The world I entered at the age of eighteen when I became a medical student was a world that knew nothing of such advanced things as planes,films,radios or telephones.It was a very cheap world.Prices were stable.When I entered St.Thomas’hospital I rent a set of rooms in Vincent square for which I paid18shillings a week.My landlady provided me with a very good breakfast before I went to the hospital and a dinner when I came back at half past six.I only had to pay for the breakfasts and dinners twelve shillings a week.For four-pence I lunched at St.Thomas’on bread and butter and a glass of milk.I was able to live very well, pay my fees,buy my necessary instruments,clothe myself,and have a lot of fun on fourteen pounds a month.And I could always pawn my microscope for three pounds.I spent five years at St.Thomas’hospital.I was a bad student,for my heart,as you might have guessed,was not in it.I wanted,I had always wanted to be a writer,and in the evenings, after my dinner,I wrote and read.Before long,I wrote a novel called“Liza of Lambeth”, which I sent to a publisher and was accepted.It came out during my last year at the hospital and it was successful.It was of course an accident,but I didn’t know that.I felt I could afford to give up medicine and make writing my profession;so,three days after I graduated from the school of medicine,I left for Spain to write another book,I did not realize,at that time,that I was taking a great risk.51.The text is a talk given by the writer when____.A.he was18B.his first novel was publishedC.he graduated from the school of medicineD.he was at an advanced age52.The writer graduated from the school of medicine when he was____.A.18B.28。
2012华图-名师模块班-资料分析讲义-李委明
第四课时
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l强化练习一：国家2011年材料三.
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l强化练习二：10-918联考材料四.
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助理社工师培训讲义-工作实务
社会工作实务李静南京大学社会学院博士后副教授南京大学政府管理学院博士云南大学硕士生导师云大滇院管理学院副院长yanjing721@⏹一、为什么学？——动员⏹二、为什么做？——理论⏹三、怎么样做？——技巧一、为什么学？——动员⏹（一）社会需要⏹职业化⏹（二）自身需要⏹专业化⏹（三）复习要求⏹1、研究大纲：以大纲为准绳⏹考题不会超纲（对照考纲具体研究，考纲第8页：书12、32、153、172、193、215、231、251、275、293）⏹2、专心看书：以看书为基础⏹记忆：对基本概念的记忆⏹例：收集服务对象的相关资料，认定服务对象的问题，得出有关服务对象问题的暂时性结论。
这个过程称为社会工作的（）（2013.3）⏹ A 预估 B 问题界定 C 接案 D 问题分析答案：A⏹解题要点：“暂时性结论”⏹⏹理解：用专业术语概括、对应情境⏹例：74岁的老李在接受居家养老服务时，向社会工作者提起孙女小红正在上初中，学习成绩不好，希望社会工作者给予帮助。
此案例中，小红属于（）服务对象。
⏹ A 正式 B 潜在 C 非正式 D 现有⏹答案：B⏹（2014.3）⏹运用：通过概念、原理解决实际问题⏹例：社会工作者小王鼓励擅长书画、篆刻的社区矫正对象发挥自己的特长，组建艺术治疗小组，陶冶情操，提升自信。
此案例中，小王运用的是（）（2014.25）⏹ A 认知理论 B 标签理论⏹ C 行为主义理论 D 优势视角理论⏹答案：D⏹2、专心看书：以看书为基础⏹（1）多看书：⏹记忆基本概念、理解掌握原理⏹坚持每天看书、利用一切时间（读书计划）⏹（同理心——小孩）⏹（2）会看书：⏹对照考纲、善于总结⏹讲究方法、提高效率（勿疲劳作战）⏹3、认真听课：以听课为补充⏹跟着思路、掌握技巧、分析问题⏹几个原则：⏹（1）带着理解一些难懂概念与理论：无法划重点⏹（2）切勿神话社会工作者，准确定位：以人为本、助人⏹自助、解决问题、满足需求⏹（3）弄清跨专业合作事务中社会工作者的角色定位⏹4、仔细做题：以做题为保障⏹（1）多做：至少做2遍真题⏹推荐书目：沈黎：《社会工作实务(初级)2008-2014年真题+详解》，华东理工大学出版社；第1版(2015年4月7日)⏹（2）会做：⏹①看清题目要求、明确考核要素：⏹方法？内容？说法？做法？模式？角色？⏹一般考题多偏重考核“正确做法”，不太考“错误做法”⏹②仔细分析题目解析、找到解题思路，⏹掌握解题技巧⏹（3）能做：举一反三⏹运用解题技巧，破解类似题型；⏹仔细审读题目、注意关键词句、⏹揣摩出题意图、明确解题思路二、为什么做？——理论第一章通用过程第一节接案一、服务对象（一）来源1、主动2、转介3、外展（二）类型1、自愿型服务对象2、非自愿型服务对象（三）现有与潜在1、现有：正在接受协助2、潜在：可能接受协助⏹二、服务对象资料的准备⏹1、研读资料，了解历史（读读）⏹2、身体、精神健康状况（看看）⏹3、走访社区（走走）⏹4、特殊事项（想想）⏹三、会谈后几种可能⏹1、终结服务（不做了）⏹2、转介其他服务（别人做）⏹3、进入下一阶段（继续做）⏹四、治疗性沟通⏹1、定义：通过人与人的交往，达到一个人对其他人进行帮助的目的。
第1讲__教育与教育学
教师资格考试讲义
从17世纪到19世 纪，各资本主义国 家纷纷建立近代学 2、制度化教育 校体系 严格意义上：各资本主义国家的学校系统在19世纪下半期基本形成 严格意义上：各资本主义国家的学校系统在 世纪下半期基本形成 中国制度化教育兴起标志：废科举、兴学堂 考过填空、 中国制度化教育兴起标志：废科举、兴学堂(考过填空、选择) 中国学制： 年的壬寅学制（ 中国学制：1902年的壬寅学制（钦定学堂章程） 年的壬寅学制 钦定学堂章程）
抓住关键词！！ 抓住关键词！！ 尽量答全一点！ 尽量答全一点！ ！
教师资格考试讲义
3、教育的本质 、 教育的本质是培养人的活动。
教师资格考试讲义 二、教育的构成要素 教育的构成要素 教 育 者：教育实践活动的实施者 受教育者： 受教育者：教育实践活动的对象和主体 教育影响： 教育影响：置于教育者与受教育者之间的一切
• 教学目标： 教学目标：
1、识记教育学的基本概念及代表人物 、 2、理解教育和教育学发展各阶段的特点 、 3、应用教育学理论分析教育现象 、
可能出题型： 可能出题型： 单选题：如教育发展各阶段的特征， 单选题：如教育发展各阶段的特征，尤其是当时一些
著名教育家的著作、所属派别以及基本观点。 著名教育家的著作、所属派别以及基本观点。 简答题： 现代教育制度发展趋势 教育制度发展趋势等 简答题：如现代教育制度发展趋势等
你会怎么做？ 你会怎么做？
教师资格考试讲义
成人的处理方式： 成人的处理方式：
鼓励孩子“勇敢点，坚强点,自己独立爬起来 ，别哭”；——灌输 朝地面出气，说“这地真坏，看我不打它 ……” ——放任 赶快跑过去扶起孩子，边掸去孩子身上的泥 土，边哄“别哭，别哭”；——包办 ……
教师资格考试讲义
影响智慧讲座 培训辅导讲义
091225 影响智慧讲座（北京第一城）快乐、健康、成功、真实、简单、自然用智慧影响人，用智慧运营事业，用智慧唤起无限潜力，用智慧持续赢利商海2009年12月25日1.为什么我们都是人，为什么和老师的智慧相差这么大？相差十万八千里？老板提不出明确的纲领小老板到底也不明白为了什么？孙中山推翻了三座大山，该怎样建设一个新国家，不太清楚。
大专——长大的砖头制度是为了约束员工，限制员工。
保证员工有状态，能让员工有状态——好制度。
家庭开会是为了解决问题。
农村家是流动的（流动时代）家必须有人味为家，家里有客来为庭，这才叫家庭。
封闭家，婚姻请家庭教师（2000-2万元）关键一个点的思维，红尘思维经营思想我们的定式是什么？1.是解决问题难，还是发现问题难？（发现问题的根本，或根本问题）大师和一般人的差别能发现根本问题，就不会犹豫。
大部分人都没发现根本问题小老板上班就开始处理问题，一个接一个的问题。
经常约束别人，很快就被淘汰。
问题永远也处理不完。
一个人多报800块钱，老板知道这是人的问题，人的本性。
就不会生气。
看明白就不会生气，看明白了就没有困惑。
选人标准2.学习有用的东西，还是学习有道理的东西。
学来了对你有没有用过去四十年，学的有用的东西多，还是有道理的东西过。
每天想把问题处理完的，就是个体户思维。
胡锦涛：发展是硬道理问题是处理不完的。
完善制度能用出来吗？A：努力一定会成功（不符合道理）B：努力不一定会成功（有道理）A把人往前推学问就是要把人的潜能调动起来让员工动起来那句话有道理不是关键，你怎么认为对你有用是命脉。
进步意味着否定你的过去。
3. 否定自己是痛苦的过程一般人不敢否认自己现在的生活不是你想要的一定要改小老板经营事大老板经营人小老板会把150个零部件组合成在一起变成一个设备。
大老板会把150个人组合在一起，变成一个团队，有的小老板干了十年，还是那几个人。
经营企业就是经营人，产品只是媒介。
产品把人蒙蔽了经营人到底经营人的什么？人品、经验、能力、学习等。
八年级语文下册第一单元比较探究《克隆技术的伦理问题》预习指导课件北师大版
走进作 者
了解背景
邱仁宗，毕业于清华大学文学院， 中国社会科学院哲学研究所研究员，华 中科技大学人文学院特聘教授、博士生 导师、生命伦理学研究中心主任，北京 大学医学部兼职教授CMB项目研究负责 人。
背景介绍
邱仁宗教授是我国著名的生命伦理学家，曾参 与《世界人类基因组与人权宣言》等重要国际伦理 准则的制定。他对人类胚胎干细胞中的伦理争议深 有研究，今天他将带领我们对干克隆技术研究中的 这些伦理问题进行深入思考，也许能引导我们对未 来几十年基因技术发展做出正确的判断。
自主探究
1．常见的例证方式有哪两种？ 2．本文认为：“发展克隆技术，不要克隆 人的方针是正确的。”你同意这一观点吗？ 为什么？
带着问题，我们再来朗读一遍课文 吧！
知识积累
关于克隆的文章
《奇妙的克隆》谈家桢
《克隆鲫鱼出世前 后》
《克隆绵羊多利》
辩（biàn）辩 论
辨（bi 分 àn） 辨
辫（bi 辫 àn） 子
逐（zhú）追逐
遂（suì）遂愿 粹（cuì）纳粹 萃（cuì）荟萃 悴（cuì）憔悴
词语集 锦
畸形：生物体某部分在发育中形成的不正常的形状 歧视：不平等地看待。 截然不同：很分明地、断然分开 的样子。形容两件事物毫无共 伦同理之：处人。伦道德之理，指人与人相 处的各种道德准则。
克隆技术的伦理问题
——预习指导
课堂“明星”
我会 生字
词
朗读课文 理解课文
略读课 文 解决生 字词
朗读课文 把握感情 基调
悟读课 文 思考问 题
初 读 课 文
梳 理 字 词
Hale Waihona Puke 了 解 背 景自 主 探 究
名 言 积 累
最新高中历史 第三单元 从人文精神之源到科学理性时代 第14课 理性之光名师课件 岳麓版必修3
[易错易混] 伏尔泰、孟德斯鸠和卢梭思想的不同及 原因
伏尔泰和孟德斯鸠代表大资产阶级的利益，主张君主 立宪制。卢梭代表中小资产阶级利益，主张民主共和制， 思想最激进。
三、启蒙运动的意义
1．性质。 启蒙运动是欧洲近代史上又一次伟大的_思___想__解__放__ 运动。
2．意义。 (1)启蒙思想家阐释的自由、平等、人权、民主、法 制和三权分立等思想，丰富和发展了人文精神的内涵，把 反封建、反宗教神学的斗争推进到反对封建专制制度、建 立资产阶级“理性王国”、按照_资__产__阶___级__利益建构政治 制度的高度，从而比文艺复兴人文主义更为彻底，更具鲜 明的政治革命性质。
3．主要观点。 (1)提倡用_理___性__来判断一切事物，只敬畏真实，尊 重科学。 (2)把批判锋芒直指_封__建___专__制__制度及其宗教思想体 系。
二、启蒙运动的表现
代表人 物
代表作
主要观了立
_________ 学说
影响
三权分立学说 是孟德斯鸠最 重要的贡献， 后来成为资产 阶级政治制度 的基本原则
“人民主权”
卢梭 (法国)
《_社__会__契__约__论_》
的口号，推翻 暴君，重建契
约，创立民主
共和国，坚持
“主权在民”
的原则
是批判封建 制度、宣传 理性至上的 启蒙思想家 中最为激进 的民主主义 者
康德 (德国)
《_纯__粹__理__性__批__判_》 人工身应提“____不具的当出__”己勿_的_是，目以了__所施原__他而的人__不于则__人是，为__欲人__的自即本__，__；近哲划哲其判终人体代学时学理哲确类地西史代家性学立的位方上的，批最了主
要点二 启蒙运动对人文主义的发展
北京市房山区实验中学高一历史必修二《第3课古代商业的发展》优秀教学案例
在讲授完新知识后，我会组织学生进行小组讨论。我会提出具有启发性的问题，如：“古代商业发展对古代社会有哪些影响？与现代商业有何不同？”让学生在小组内进行交流和探讨。通过小组讨论，学生可以加深对古代商业发展的理解，并培养团队协作能力。
（四）总结归纳
在小组讨论结束后，我会组织学生进行总结归纳。我会邀请几位学生分享他们的讨论成果，总结古代商业发展的主要特点、影响等。通过总结归纳，学生可以巩固所学知识，形成系统的历史观念。
为达成这一目标，我将设计一系列教学活动，如讲解、讨论、案例分析等，引导学生深入探究古代商业的发展过程，掌握相关知识点。通过多媒体展示和互动环节，激发学生的学习兴趣，提高他们培养学生的批判性思维和独立思考能力。通过设置讨论话题和提出问题，引导学生对古代商业发展进行深入思考和质疑，从而提高他们的历史分析能力。同时，运用比较法、归纳法等教学方法，帮助学生梳理古代商业发展的脉络，形成系统的历史观念。
二、教学目标
（一）知识与技能
本节课结束后，学生应掌握古代商业发展的基本历程，包括市制的形成、货币的演变、商业活动的兴盛以及城市经济的崛起。能够准确识记古代商业的主要特点和发展趋势，理解商业在古代社会中的重要地位。此外，学生还应掌握一定的历史分析方法，能够从经济、社会、文化等多个角度分析古代商业发展的原因和影响。
结合课程内容，本案例以培养学生的历史思维能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力为主要目标。通过引入古代商业发展的事例，引导学生深入探讨商业活动背后的经济规律，以及商业对社会、文化和政治的影响。同时，注重激发学生的学习兴趣，运用多媒体教学手段和互动讨论形式，营造生动活泼的课堂氛围，提高教学效果。
在教学过程中，教师应以人性化的语言引导学生思考，避免使用机械性的机器语言。注重培养学生的批判性思维，鼓励他们对所学知识进行深入思考和质疑，从而提高学生的历史素养和综合能力。
初二政治下学期理性之光-北师大版
5s管理咨询 6S咨询服务中心5S管理咨询公司概述：5S管理（整理、整顿、清扫、清洁、素养）起源于日本丰田，在国际化的发展中，5S管理已经在各国开花结果。5S管理作为企业管理的有效方式，对企业的可持续发展具有重要的作用。 5s管理咨询 5S管理 5s管理咨询 一、5S管理与《弟子规》 5s管理咨询 5S管理内容最早起源中国清朝李毓秀所作《弟子规》里。据史书记载，《弟子规》在清朝康熙之后便传入日本。在未传入之前，日本就开始学习中国的传统文化，如《论语》、《三字经》等。随着《弟子规》的传入又开始了弟子规学习。二次世界大战以后，日本人把《论语》、《弟 5s管理咨询 二、5S管理与儒家文化思想 5s管理咨询 为什么海尔、美的、通用、微软企业都争先恐后地推行5S管理？为什么全世界的企业界都对5S管理推崇倍至呢？推行5S管理不仅给企业带来世界级工厂文化、效益，最重要的是5S管理内含有儒家文化思想。可以进一步说5S管理内容来源于《弟子规》的内容，而《弟子规》又继承和体 5s管理咨询 三、5S管理与《世界级工厂的文化：从5S管理起步》 5s管理咨询 2006年11月，哈佛《商业评论》刊登《世界级工厂的文化：从5S管理起步》一文，文章指出：世界级工厂的核心，是这样一种强势文化：工厂各个环节的员工都能充满热情、持续有效地锁定并消灭各种浪费，并且永不满足。如果你的工厂中有了这种文化，你就有了一座世界级的工厂 5s管理咨询 5S管理作为当今企业管理的重要管理理念之一，做好了5S管理能让企业焕然一新，那么如何才能做好5S管理呢？这是5S咨询公司让企业管理者必须思考的一个问题。 5s管理咨询 5S管理推行案例 5s管理咨询 5S是指整理（SHIRI）、整顿（SEITON）、清扫（SEISO）、清洁（SEIKETSU）、素养（SHITSUKE）等五个项目，因日语的罗马拼音均为"S"开头，所以简称为5S。开展以整理、整顿、清扫、清洁和修身为内容的活动，称为"5S"活动。 5s管理咨询 5S管理活动对企业的帮助无可厚非，很多企业都在执行5S管理活动，关键怎么样才能最好5S管理呢？ 5s管理咨询 工具/原料 5s管理咨询 5S管理不仅有效地解决了这个问题，还将是其它管理活动展开的基石，是TPM(全面生产管理)的前提，是TQP(全面品质管理)的第一步，也是ISO2000有效推行的保证，是企业走向成功之路的重要手段。在具体的实施过程中，还应注意很多细节的处理。从小处着眼，优化管理。 5s管理咨询 步骤/方法 5s管理咨询 1S－整理（Seiri）整理的定义：区分要与不要的物品，现场只保留必需的物品。 5s管理咨询 整理的目的： 5s管理咨询 ①改善和增加作业面积； 5s管理咨询 ②现场无杂物，行道通畅，提高工作效率； 5s管理咨询 ③减少磕碰的机会，保障安全，提高质量； 5s管理咨询 ④消除管理上的混放、混料等差错事故； 5s管理咨询 ⑤有利于减少库存量，节约资金； 5s管理咨询 ⑥改变作风，提高工作情绪。 5s管理咨询 整理的意义：把要与不要的人、事、物分开，再将不需要的人、事、物加以处理，对生产现场的现实摆放和停滞的各种物品进行分类，区分什么是现场需要的，什么是现场不需要的；其次，对于现场不需要的物品，诸如用剩的材料、多余的半成品、切下的料头、切屑、垃圾、废品、 5s管理咨询 2S－整顿（Seiton）整顿的定义：必需品依规定定位、定方法摆放整齐有序，明确标示。 5s管理咨询 整顿的目的：不浪费时间寻找物品，提高工作效率和产品质量，保障生产安全。 5s管理咨询 整顿的意义：把需要的人、事、物加以定量、定位。通过前一步整理后，对生产现场需要留下的物品进行科学合理的布置和摆放，以便用最快的速度取得所需之物，在最有效的规章、制度和最简捷的流程下完成作业。 5s管理咨询 整顿的要点： 5s管理咨询 ①物品摆放要有固定的地点和区域，以便于寻找，消除因混放而造成的差错； 5s管理咨询 ②物品摆放地点要科学合理。例如，根据物品使用的频率，经常使用的东西应放得近些（如放在作业区内），偶尔使用或不常使用的东西则应放得远些（如集中放在车间某处）； 5s管理咨询 ③物品摆放目视化，使定量装载的物品做到过目知数，摆放不同物品的区域采用不同的色彩和标记加以区别。 5s管理咨询 3S－清扫（Seiso）清扫的定义：清除现场内的脏污、清除作业区域的物料垃圾。 5s管理咨询 清扫的目的：清除"脏污"，保持现场干净、明亮。 5s管理咨询 清扫的意义：将工作场所之污垢去除，使异常之发生源很容易发现，是实施自主保养的第一步，主要是在提高设备稼动率。 5s管理咨询 清扫的要点： 5s管理咨询 ①自己使用的物品，如设备、工具等，要自己清扫，而不要依赖他人，不增加专门的清扫工； 5s管理咨询 ②对设备的清扫，着眼于对设备的维护保养。清扫设备要同设备的点检结合起来，清扫即点检；清扫设备要同时做设备的润滑工作，清扫也是保养； 5s管理咨询 ③清扫也是为了改善。当清扫地面发现有飞屑和油水泄漏时，要查明原因，并采取措施加以改进。 5s管理咨询 4S－清洁（Seiketsu）清洁的定义：将整理、整顿、维护并坚持整理、整顿、清扫的效果，使其保持最佳状态。 5s管理咨询 清洁的意义：通过对整理、整顿、清扫活动的坚持与深入，从而消除发生安全事故的根源。创造一个良好的工作环境，使职工能愉快地工作。 5s管理咨询 清洁的要点： 5s管理咨询 ①车间环境不仅要整齐，而且要做到清洁卫生，保证工人身体健康，提高工人劳动热情； 5s管理咨询 ②不仅物品要清洁，而且工人本身也要做到清洁，如工作服要清洁，仪表要整洁，及时理发、刮须、修指甲、洗澡等； 5s管理咨询 ③工人不仅要做到形体上的清洁，而且要做到精神上的"清洁"，待人要讲礼貌、要尊重别人； 5s管理咨询 ④要使环境不受污染，进一步消除浑浊的空气、粉尘、噪音和污染源，消灭职业病。 5s管理咨询 5S－素养（Shitsuke）素养的定义：人人按章操作、依规行事，养成良好的习惯。 5s管理咨询 素养的目的：提升"人的品质"，培养对任何工作都讲究认真的人。 5s管理咨询 素养的意义：努力提高人员的修身，使人员养成严格遵守规章制度的习惯和作风，是"5S"活动的核心。 5s管理咨询 注意事项 5s管理咨询 在具体的实施过程中，还应注意很多细节的处理。从小处着眼，优化管理。细节决定成败，只有把这些细节问题处理好才能做好5S管理。 5s管理咨询 5S管理是企业管理重点工作之一，推行5S管理有利于企业管理的实施，帮助企业提高生产效率，也许很多人会问5S咨询公司，5S管理既然如此地重要，那它与TQM管理（全面质量管理），TPM管理(全员生产性维护)又有什么关系呢？ 5s管理咨询 5S管理是企业管理的基础，是全年生产性维护的前提，是TPM的第一步，也可以再深一层地说，它是推行企业精益生产管理的重点，公司任何的活动，如果有了5S的推动，就能收到事半功倍的效果，5S都推行不了的企业，一定无法成功地进行其它活动。 5s管理咨询 1、营造整体氛围 5s管理咨询 一个企业，无论是导入全面的体制管理，还是要推动精益生产（jit），TPM管理，在导入这些办法的契机中，如果没有先行掀起5S管理，或推行5S管理，或推行其它方法的活动，就很难起到良好的促进作用。推动5S管理可以营造一种整体的氛围，5S管理能映照一种让一个组织或一个 5s管理咨询 2、体现效果，增强信心 5s管理咨询 推动5S管理，与其它TPM管理、精益生产（jit）、班组管理的关系可以体现出一种效果，也可以增强员工对企业的信心。大家都知道，实施TPM管理，实施精益生产（jit）或者是班组管理的活动，它的效果是一种隐蔽和长期性的，一时难以看到的，而5S推行活动，它的效果则是立竿 5s管理咨询 3、5S管理活动为相关活动打下坚实的基础 5s管理咨询 5S管理为相关活动打下坚实的基础，5S是现场管理的基础，5S推行水平的高低代表着现场管理水平的高低，而现场管理的水平高低则制约着TPM管理、精益生产（jit）、班组管理活动能否顺利地推动或推行。所以只有通过5S推行和活动，从现场管理着手，来改进企业的体制，才能够 5s管理咨询 由此可见，在实施TPM管理、精益生产（jit）、班组管理的企业中推行5S管理的活动，等于为相关活动提供了肥沃的土壤，提供了强而有力的保障。
2020版高考历史新增分大一轮岳麓版讲义：第十三单元从人文精神之源到理性之光第37讲含解析
第37讲宗教改革与理性之光一、挑战教皇的权威1．背景(1)经济：资本主义的产生与发展。
(2)思想：文艺复兴运动促进人文主义思想的传播。
(3)导火线：1517年，教皇兜售赎罪券。
2．过程(1)序幕：马丁·路德宗教改革。
①主张：强调因信称义，人只有靠信仰才能得救。
②性质：是一场反对天主教会的社会、思想改革运动。
③影响：宗教改革运动在德国拉开了序幕；新教与天主教、东正教形成三足鼎立的新局面。
(2)发展：加尔文宗教改革。
①背景：德国宗教改革运动的影响。
②著作：《基督教原理》。
③内容：主张人只有依靠信仰才能得救；提出先定论。
④影响：加尔文学说在西欧资本主义比较发达的国家和地区广泛传播，为以后的资产阶级革命提供了意识形态方面的依据。
加尔文被誉为“欧洲宗教改革的第二位伟大人物”。
3．意义：宗教改革家用人文主义的宗教观挑战以教皇为首的宗教权威，推动了西欧社会的思想解放。
二、启蒙运动1．背景(1)伴随资本主义经济不断发展，资产阶级力量日益壮大。
(2)新兴资产阶级在思想领域反对封建统治与教会特权的斗争深入展开。
(3)自然科学的新发展为人类认识社会提供新证据。
2．含义：启迪和开导人们的反封建意识，给人们带来光明和希望。
3．内容(1)用理性判断一切事物，尊重科学。
(2)批判锋芒直指封建专制制度及其宗教思想体系。
图示明史理性主义4．代表人物(1)孟德斯鸠①代表作：《论法的精神》。
②主张：提出三权分立学说。
③意义：三权分立学说成为资产阶级政治制度的基本原则。
(2)伏尔泰①地位：法国启蒙运动的领袖。
②主张：抨击天主教的黑暗统治和封建统治者的腐败；提倡自由、平等，主张建立开明君主制。
③影响：对18世纪的欧洲产生了重大影响，后人称“18世纪是伏尔泰的世纪”。
(3)卢梭①地位：启蒙思想家中最为激进的民主主义者。
②代表作：《社会契约论》。
③主张阐述“天赋人权”学说，提出“人民主权”的口号。
(4)康德①主张：人不是他人的工具，而是自身的目的；提出尊重他人的原则。