英语总复习讲义

宾语从句主讲教师：易波北京英语教师中考考点连接词的选择宾语从句的语序宾语从句的时态宾从的连接词that 无意义，无成分，可省if, whether 是否（句尾有or not用whether）所有的特殊疑问词：what，which，who，whom，when，where，how，why 等。

I don’t know if he will come on time．I’m happy (that) I have passed the exam．宾语从句的语序宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

解题技巧：淘汰疑问语序：be/ 助/ 情+主语He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon．Can you tell me how old you are.宾语从句的语序注意：有些问句，疑问词就是句子的主语，所以问句本身就是陈述语序，在变成宾从时语序无需发生变化。

What is happening over there?→Do you know what is happening over there?What’s wrong with you?→I wonder what’s wrong with you.What is the matter?宾语从句的时态当主句中谓语是现在时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可按需要使用任何时态。

I hear he’ll be back in a few days.I hear he came back a few days ago.--Can you guess if they will come to play basketball with us?--I think they’ll come if they are free.宾语从句的时态当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时)，以便保持与主旬谓语动词时态的一致。

She said she was reading a story book at seven yesterday ．She said they had seen this film several times．She said she would come to see me, if she had time tomorrow.注意：当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时，宾语从旬的时态用一般现在时。

They said that the earth is round．The teacher told me that the moon moves around the earth.无敌小口诀主现从随便；主过从必过；（一过，过进，过将，过完）真理永不变。

定语从句(上)主讲教师：易波北京市英语教师定义：在复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子（从句）叫定语从句。

A doctor is a person who looks after the sick people’s health.先行词关系代词谓语宾语（定语从句修饰先行词）其中，who是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。

含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句This is the school where my mother works.先行词＝关系词如：That is the bike which my father bought for me. which= bike考点：引导词的选择定语从句的引导词：关系代词that、which、who、whom(宾格)、whose;关系副词when、where、why关系代词1. Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?2. She has got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.3. This is the factory that/which his father visited three years ago.4. The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.5. The room whose window is open is mine.6. I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.7. This is the factory where I worked three years ago.8. Could you explain the reason why you were late again?注意：一、which与that指物时可互相代替，但也有只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：口诀：两代限形特疑序①两：先行词词中同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that引导。

I can remember the persons and the pictures that I saw in the room.②代：先行词为everything、something、anything、nothing、all、none、much、little、few等不定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。

Here is all the money (that) I have.③限：先行词同时又被the only、the very或the right修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。

It is the only word that I know in the passage.④形：先行词同时又被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。

This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.⑤特疑：当主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。

Who is the girl that won the first place?⑥序：先行词同时又被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。

This is the first composition that he has written in English.二、不能使用that的定语从句1、主句与从句用逗号隔开，先行词是物时，只用which，不用that。

She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.2、关系代词前有介词时。

（关系词前有介词时，关系词只能为which或whom）This is the hotel in which you will stay.Who is the teacher to whom Lily is talking?3、先行词是one(s)、anyone、someone、those时，关系词使用who。

Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.三、关系词的省略关系词在从句中作宾语可省略；但关系代词which, whom在从句中做介词的宾语且介词位于关系代词前时，不可以省略；that、which、who在从句中做主语时，不能省略。

1、The boy (who/ that) I like isn’t here now.（作宾语，可省略）2、I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.3、Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?注：判断关系词的成分可以通过还原法，即把先行词带入从句中，先行词的成分就是关系词的成分。

四、whose 指人，也可指物，表示某人的或某物的，在从句中作定语，不可省略。

Please showme the book whose cover is red.定语从句(下)主讲教师：易波北京市英语教师关系副词关系副词用来引导定语从句时，在句中作状语。

Where—修饰地点词，在从句中做地点状语。

When—修饰时间词，在从句中做时间状语。

Why—修饰reason，在从句中做原因状语。

拓展：关系副词和关系代词的比较1. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.2. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.3. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.结论：先行词做状语用where/when/why，做主语，宾语时用关系代词that、which。

为什么第一句用where引导，而第二句却用which？1. This is the place where the accident took place last night.2. This was the place which I visited last year.动词搭配与辨析主讲教师：易波北京市英语教师接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词avoid doing sth. 避免做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事keep doing sth. 保持做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事接不定式作宾补的24个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事接动词原形作宾补的常用动词have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事let sb. do sth.让某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事容易误用作不及物动词的7个及物动词误：serve for sb. 正：serve sb. 为某人服务误：marry with sb. 正：marry sb. 与某人结婚误：discuss about sth.正：discuss sth./discuss with sb. about sth. 讨论某事误：mention about sth. 正：mention sth. 提到某事误：enter into a room 正：enter a room 进入房间误：contact with sb. 正：contact sb. 与某人联系误：ring to sb. 正：ring sb. 给某人打电话形容词与副词主讲教师：易波北京英语教师概述形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。