职称英语卫生类阅读理解原文模拟第7篇1
职称英语卫生类阅读理解原文模拟第1篇2
职称英语卫生类阅读理解原文模拟第1篇2练习：1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?A To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.B To produce better and lighter building materials.C To help more accurately diagnose diseases.D To help more effectively treat diseases.2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?A By traditionally looking at a person's blood under a microscope.B By letting a person take some kind of medicine.C By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.D By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?A By making a drug target the focus of a disease.B By changing the structure of the body cells.C By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.D By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.4. The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT______.A ChinaB BrazilC IranD India5. Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage?A They may cause some damage to the body cells.B They are harmful materials themselves.C They may store in the body.D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.答案与题解：1．B 本题选项A在第一段第三句提到，选项C在第二段倒数第二句和第四段第一句提到，选项D则在第四段第二、三、四句提到，只有选项B全文均未提及。
职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案四
职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案四2015年职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案（四）KnittingMy mother knew how to knit (编织),but she never taught me.She assumed,as did many women of her generation,that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to bination of feminism (女权主义) and consumerism (消费主义) made many women feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date.My Grandmother still knitted,though,and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me,of red wool.They were the ones we wore under our ice skates (冰鞋),when it was really important to have warm feet.Knitting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive.It helped me quit smoking by giving my hands something else to do.It is wonderful for depression because no matter what else happens,you are creating something beautiful.Time spent in front of the television or just sitting is no longer time wasted.I love breathing life into the patterns.It's true magic,finding a neglected,dog-eared old book with the perfect snowflake design,buying the same Germantown wool my grandmother used,in the exact blue to match my daughter's eyes; taking it on the train with me every day for two months,working enthusiastically to get it done by Christmas,staying up late after the stockings are filled to sew in the sleeves and weave in the ends.Knitting has taught me patience.I know that if I just keep going,even if it takes months,there will be a reward.When I make a mistake,I know that anger will not fix it,that I just have to goback and take out the stitches (针脚) between and start over again.People often ask if I would do it for money,and the answer is always a definite no.In the first place,you could not pay me enough for the hours I put into a sweater.But more important,this is an activity I keep separate from such considerations.I knit to cover my children and other people I love in warmth and color.I knit to give them something earthly that money could never buy.Knitting gives my life an alternative rhythm to the daily deadline.By day I can write about Northern Ireland or the New York City Police Department and get paid for it,but on the train home,surrounded by people with laptops,I stage my little rebellion: I take out my old knitting bag and join the centuries of women who have knitted for love.11.Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?A.Because their mothers didn't teach them.B.Because they were influenced by feminism and consumerismC.Because they were feminists.D.Because they were consumerists.12.The author wore the red socks her grandmother had knitted for herA.when she went to school.B.when she went sightseeing.C.when she celebrated Christmas.D.when she went skating.13.The word "quit" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA."give up".B."speed up".C."slow down".D."build up".14.According to the passage，which of the following statements about knitting is NOT true?A.Knitting helps one get rid of bad habits.B.Knitting helps one get free from a bad mood.C.Knitting requires patience.D.Knitting is a profit-making business.15.Which of the following is NOT the writer's purpose of knitting?A.To save money.B.To make full use of her leisure time.C.To enrich her life.D.To show her love for the family.答案：11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A。
职称英语《卫生A》阅读理解专项试题与答案
职称英语《卫生A》阅读理解专项试题与答案2017职称英语《卫生A》阅读理解专项试题与答案阅读理解text 1U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New Yorkstart signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.1.The aim of the study is to find new ways to __________.A. conduct researchB. track public healthC. prevent or treat illnessD. speed up development2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT __________.A. genetic samples from people in the studyB. biological samples from people in the studyC. samples from the homes of the women and their babiesD. samples of air and water from hospitals3.It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs __________.A. will be lowered in the long runB. will be significantly increasedC. will be more than $200 millionD. will reach $3.2 billion4.The babies of the participants will be followed__________.A. throughout their livesB. for more than two decadesC. from birth to 21 monthsD. until they get married5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?A. They'll be from various areas.B. They'll be from all income levels.C. They'll be from all educational levels.D. They'll be from all age groups.text 2Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "Themost recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.下载文档。
职称英语考试卫生类精选阅读题解析
职称英语考试卫生类精选阅读题解析职称英语考试卫生类精选阅读题解析路曼曼其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。
以下是我为大家搜寻整理的职称英语考试卫生类精选阅读题解析，期望对正在关注的您有所帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!Margaret Sanger and Birth ControlMargaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in the United States. In 1912 she (1) publishing information about womens reproductive (生殖的) concerns through articles and books. In 1914 Sanger was charged (2) violation of, the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material (3) information about birth control and contraceptive (避孕的) devices. Though she was put in jail for these activities, Sanger (4) to publish and spread information about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byrne opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York.The Comstock Law was rewritten by Congress in 1936 to (5) birth control information and devices. Many states had laws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive devices but the constitutionality (合宪性) of these laws was increasingly (6). In 1965, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that married people have the right to practice birth control withoutgovernment intervention. In 1972, the court (7) that unmarried people have the same right.Today there are more birth control options (8), but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide(9). Having more children than one can support may lead(10) poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women.The problem of teenage pregnancy is (11) worse in the United States (12) in almost any other developed country. Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than in 29 other (13) countries. A detailed study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be (14) to less sex education in schools and lower availability (可获性) of contraceptive services and supplies to young people. This study (15) the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.1. A. offered B. refused C. began D. took2. A. with B. of C. for D. to3. A. denying B. including C. linking D. understanding4. A. stopped B. started C. kept D. continued5. A. include B. spread C. forbid D. exclude6. A. questioned B. accepted C. confirmed D. favored7. A. permitted B. knew C. held D. suspected8. A. than never before B. than before everC. than ever beforeD. than before never9. A. problems B. beliefs C. gossips D. doubts10. A. on B. at C. to D. by11. A. more B. adequately C. enough D. considerably12. A. as B. than C. for D. over13. A. developed B. developing C. poor D. acceptable14. A. concerned B. popular C. loyal D. related15. A. regards B. suggests C. counters D. supports1. C2. A3. B4. D5. D6. A7. C8. C9. A 10. C11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看卫生类阅读理解译文
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看_卫生类__阅读理解__译文第四部分阅读理解第一部分 (ABC级)第一篇第一篇：纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。
如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。
但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。
•在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。
来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。
相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。
由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。
所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。
纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。
国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。
以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。
Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。
与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。
第二篇：医学期刊医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息的出版物。
在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。
随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。
少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学会杂志》，被看做是普通医学杂志，因为它们涵盖了医学的许多领域。
职称英语卫生类阅读理解
职称英语卫生类阅读理解2017职称英语卫生类阅读理解职称英语对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的'英语水平提出了不同的要求。
下面是店铺整理的卫生类C级阅读理解题，希望能帮到大家!Medical EducationIn 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day.By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.11. In 18th century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________.A. did not existB. were few in numberC. were better than those in EuropeD. were known for their teaching hospitals12. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America __________.A. had established professionalsB. had good facilitiesC. had high standardsD. were in poor conditions13. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to __________.A. recruit more studentsB. set up more schools of medicineC. ensure the quality of medical teaching and practiceD. prevent medical schools from making huge profits14. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice __________.A. if they have worked in a laboratoryB. if they have studied abroad for some timeC. if they have obtained an M.D. degreeD. if they have passed an examination15. This passage is mainly about __________.A. how medicine is taught in AmericaB. how medical education has developed in AmericaC. how the American educational system worksD. how one can become a good doctor。
度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级试题及答案
2012年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级)试题及答案2013-01—02 15:132012年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分:词汇选项（第l-15题，每题l分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 All the flats in the building had the same layout。
A. color B。
arrangement C。
size D. function2 The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. fresh B。
hot C. heavy D。
windy3 The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks。
A。
big B. long C. new D. empty4 Our aim was to update a service and we succeeded.A. modernizeB. offerC. provideD. fund5 Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous。
A。
slightly B. partly C. completely D. faintly6 Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personal.A。
success B. description C. evidence D. plan7 He has been granted asylum in France。
A。
power B。
relief C. protection D。
license8 When I heard the noise in the next room，I couldn’t resist having a peep.A。
职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案二
职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案二2015职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案（二）Quality EducationA quality education is the ultimate liberator.It can free people from poverty,giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.It Can also free communities and countries,allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.For this reason.the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015,a commitment known as Education for All.Can education for all be achieved by 2015 7 The answer is definitely"yes",although it is a difficult task.If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school,instead of just enrolling for classes,which used to be the measuring stick for education,then the challenge becomes even more difficult.Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.The number rises t0 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.Still,the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.59 0f the 88 countries at risk Can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher—performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates ofprogress.But this is attainable with creative solution,including use of information technologies,flexible and targeted foreign aid,and fewer people living in poverty.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies,institutions and management.Where a country scores well on these criteria,foreign assistance Can be highly effective.11、In the first paragraph,the author suggests that a quality education can_____.A.free countries from foreign rulesB.speed up social progressC.give people freedomD.liberate people from any exploitation12、Ideally,the goal of the program of Education for All is to_____by 2015.A.get all the world’s children to complete primary schoolB.enroll all the world’s children into primary schoolC.give quality education to people of 88 countriesD.support those committed to transforming their education systems13、countries are now at risk Of not achieving Education for All on the basis of completion rates.A.32B.59C.29D.8814、According to the passage,which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A.Raising the efficiency of education systems.B.Improving the quality of education.ing information technologies.D.Building more primary schools.15、As can be gathered from the last paragraph.foreign aid_____.A.may not be highly effectiveB.is provided only when some criteria are metC.alone makes development possibleD.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind答案：11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A。
职称英语卫生类阅读试题及答案
职称英语卫生类阅读试题及答案2018年职称英语卫生类阅读精选试题及答案Only they who fulfill their duties in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occasions.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年职称英语卫生类阅读精选试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experiencedthe "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs. 参考答案: ACDCD。
职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案一
职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案一2015职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案（一）Happy Therapy(诊疗)Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business.He enjoyed his work and traveling.Then,after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia,Mr.Cousins got sick.Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip,a chemical change began to take place inside him.The material between his bones became weak.In less than one week after his return,he could not stand.Every move that he made was painful.He was not able to sleep at night.The doctors told Mr.Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness.Mr.Cousins,however,refused to give up hope.Mr.Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body.He did not want to take medicine to cure himself.Instead,he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television.Mr.Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.Deciding that the doctors could not help him,Mr.Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter.For eight days,Mr.Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows ontelevision,reading funny books,and sleeping whenever he felt tired.Within three weeks,he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.After a few months,Mr.Cousins returned to work He had laughed himself back to health.11.Mr.Cousins got sick after returning fromA.a busy trip to the US.B.a tiring trip to Russia.C.a trip around the world.D.a trip to Puerto Rico.12.How did the doctors respond to Mr.Cousins' illness?A.They promised to cure him.B.They didn't think he was really sick.C.They told him not to give up hope.D.They said they were unable to help him in any way.13.Mr.Cousins attributed the bad chemical changes in his body toA.unhappy thoughts.B.a severe illness.C.weak bones.D.too much sleep.14.What didn't Mr.Cousins do in his experiments with laughter?A.Watch funny TV shows.B.Read funny books.C.Sleep whenever he felt tired.D.Take medicine.15.Mr.Cousins cured his own illnessA.by laughing at others.B.by acting in funny shows.C.by taking a happy therapy.D.by writing funny stories.答案：11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.C。
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解1
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解1 Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let youlive a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending timewith our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year wecan work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will weget as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. Peopleare already finding it more difficult to stay married.Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what wouldhappen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are lessenthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."练习：1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A. Spending more time with his family.B. Having more education.C. Realizing more dreams.D. Working longer.2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B More and more people in the US today want to get married.C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPTA Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C The job market would be more competitive.D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.4. An important feature of a society in which people livea long life is thatA.it places more emphasis on educating the young.B.it is both wise and energetic.C.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.D.it welcomes changes.5. Which of the following best describes Callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Reserved.D.Negative.参考答案：BABCC。
全国职称英语等级考试样题--卫生类
全国职称英语等级考试样题--卫生类第一部分阅读理解(75分)Passage 1Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat (威胁) to public health. Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars (雪茄烟), chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco(烟草), and snuff (鼻烟). Most women did not use tobacco at all.The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machines. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.Today cigarettes smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion (比例) of smokers is the age group 24-44.Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person‟s smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand if a well-educated man with a high income smokes as all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.Among teenagers (少年) the pictures is similar. There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking, if one or both of their parents smoke.1. Men use tobacco mainly in ________ forms in the past.○A. one○B. two○C. three○D. four2. The cigarette industry began ________.○A. one hundred years ago○B. at the turn of the century○C. in the eighteen seventies○D. in the eighteen century3. In the United States _______ smoke cigarettes.○A. about forty-three percent of people○B. about thirty-one percent of people○C. only old people○D. about forty-three percent of the grown – up men and thirty-one percent of the grown –up women4. A man‟s smoking habit is partly determined by ________.○A. his income○B. his education○C. his occupation○D. all of the above5. Children _________ to start smoking, if their parents smoke.○A. are most likely○B. are less likely○C. hate○D. do not wantPassage 2Many of us believe that a person‟s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Jarvik, professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins (孪生儿), who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik‟s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.It is true older people themselves often complain that their memory is not asgood as it once was. However, much of what we call “loss of memory” is not that at all. There was usually incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace. In the cases where the older person‟s mind really seems to become less active, it is not necessarily a sign of becoming less active due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional (压抑的感情) state.6. According to Dr. Jarvik‟s studies, middle-aged and older persons would expect to __________.○A. remember less○B. reason better○C. learn fewer new things○D. lose no intellectual ability7. Mental decay due to aging is _________.○A. common○B. much more common than most people believe○C. much less common than most people believe○D. true of those over sixty8. A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that _________.○A. they lost a little ability to reason over the years○B. they only factor which decline over the years was their speed with which to perform mental tasks○C. their memory was not as good as it had once been○D. their minds became a bit more active as they grew older9. According to the passage, all the following are instances of “incomplete learning”except _________.○A. poor hearing○B. bad eyesight○C. lack of attention○D. the attempt to learn too many new things10. What we call mental decay is usually a sign of _________.○A. a low-spirited state○B. a worsening state of health○C. old age○D. nervous tensionFor hundreds of years, diseases caused by lack in nutrition (营养) were known to men. Some common nutritional diseases are beriberi (脚气), and scurvy (坏血病). In the 18th century, James Lind, a Scottish doctor, discovered a cure beriberi –whole rice.A British scientist in 1906 showed that certain foods contain substances important to the growth and development of the body. In time these substances were called vitamins, meaning essential to life. Today there are 13 known vitamins. The human body produces only three of them.Vitamins regulate (调节) the way the body changes food into energy and living tissues (组织). Each vitamins has a definite use and the lack of one vitamin can interfere with the function of another. The continued lack of one vitamin can cause a vitamin lack disease.The best way for a healthy person to get vitamins is to eat a balanced diet. Eggs, milk, meat, vegetables, fruits, and whole –grain are the most common sources of the necessary variety of foods.Vitamins help to speed up certain chemical reactions in the body. These reactions are essential for health. Without vitamins, these reactions would occur very slowly or not at all.Truly vitamins have been correctly named – essential to good health and life.11. Men have know about nutritional diseases __________.○A. a long time○B. in 18th century○C. recently○D. in 190612. Beriberi is a type of _________.○A. food○B. vitamin○C. fruit○D. disease13. It takes scientists _______ to know how many vitamins there are.○A. a long time○B. a few years○C. a short time○D. a number of experiments14. Human body produces __________ kinds of vitamins.○A. all kinds of○C. thirteen○D. three15. Eating _______ is the best way to get vitamins.○A. few things○B. vegetables○C. fruits○D. many kinds of food第二部分完成句子 (25分)根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。
职称英语卫生类考试的阅读理解及原文参考
职称英语卫生类考试的阅读理解及原文参考as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies1A European study has revealed that 100 percent fruitand vegetable juices are as effective as their wholefruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factorsrelated to certain diseases. The conclusion is the resultof the study designed to question traditional thinking that 100 percent juices play a less significant role in reducing risk for both cancer and cardiovascular disease than whole fruits and vegetables.Juices are parable in their ability to reduce riskpared to2 their whole fruit/ vegetable counterparts,aording to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to3 the effects of both fiber and antioxidants. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer e not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.4When considering cancer and coronary heart diseases prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juice sare less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables, the researchers said. The researchers addedthat the positioning of juices as being nutritionallyinferior to6 whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is unjustified and that policies, which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined.。
职称英语综合类阅读判断第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England逐句翻译
第七篇：Moderate Earthquake Strikes England中度地震袭击英国A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007,2007年4月28日英格兰东南部地区发生中度地震。
toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. 一些房屋烟囱倒塌，许多居民半夜从睡梦中惊醒。
Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County2. 肯特郡几千人遭遇断电。
One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.一名女子头部和颈部受了轻伤。
“It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride, 3”said the woman. 它给人的感觉就是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动，这个女子说。
The British Geologica Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. 英国地质调查局说，本次里氏4.3级的地震发生于上午8点19分。
and was centered under the English Channel5, 震中在英吉利海峡底部。
about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.位于多佛尔以南约8.5公里处的海峡隧道入口处附近。
Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. 一些目击者看到郡中墙壁出现裂缝，并有烟囱倒塌。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级---阅读理解练习及译文
阅读理解(1) Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the poorNanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of targeted molecule. 4Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.练习：1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.B. To produce better and lighter building materials.C. To help more accurately diagnose diseases.D. To help more effectively treat diseases.2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?A. By traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.B. By letting a person take some kind of medicine.C. By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.D. By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?A. By making a drug target the focus of a disease.B. By changing the structure of the body cells.C. By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.D. By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.阅读理解文章及练习(2) Medical Journals医学杂志Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing. many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medicaljournals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.1.The main readers of medical journals areA. the general public.B. health professionals.C. medical critics.D. news reporters.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Many medical journals also publish online.B. A few medical journals are general medical journals.C. Most medical journals publish only online.D. Most medical journals are specialty journals.3.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?A. Five.B. Seven.C. Four.D. Six.4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is calledA. a research article.B. a review article.C. a case report.D. an editorial.5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments onA. any medical event.B. articles published in the same issue.C. articles published in that journal.D. medical development.阅读理解文章及练习(3) Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor厨房油烟可致癌The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger, especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer, "said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,l,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, "said Xu Li, a 45-year-oldlocal woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with he3."Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men, "said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, 6experts said.练习：1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A Heart disease.B Breast cancer.C Infectious diseases.D Lung cancer.3.What symptoms may be' complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes?A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathin9.4.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy.B Surprised.C Angry.D Careless5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Personal health and physical condition.阅读理解文章及练习(4) Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant WomenA recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were bom too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are bom with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are bom in developing countries.The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins.A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine,3Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HTV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies bom to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being bom too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.练习：1.How many babies are bom with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?A. 20,000,000.B. 18,000,000.C. 2,000,000.D. 38,000,000.2.A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPTA. all vitamins in the B group.B. vitamins C and E.C. much iron and folate.D. antiviral substances.3.Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?A. To reduce the rate of babies bom too early.B. To reduce the risk of low birth weight.C. To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HTV.D. To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers’blood.4.What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?A. To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.B. To raise the body’s immunity against infection.C. To help prevent the development of heart disease.D. To help prevent the development of diabetes.5.How many percent of babies were bom with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?A. Less than 8%.B. About 9.5%.C. L 5%.D 17.5%.阅读理解文章及练习(5) U. S. Eats Too Much Salt 美国人吃盐过量People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount1 of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day2，yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.“It’s important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,”Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.“People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake,”Labarthe said.The study in CDC’s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of threeadults should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40一which are considered high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005–2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.练习：1.Too much salt raises one’s risk forA.high blood pressure.B.heart attacks.C.strokes.D.all of the above.2.How much salt do most American adults eat per day?A.No more than 1,500 mg.B.Closer to 3,500 mg.C.Less than 3,436 mg.D.Closer to 1,500 mg.3.To improve their blood pressure, people should have a dietA.rich in potassium and sodium.B.rich in potassium and calcium.C.rich in calcium arid sodium.D.none of the above.4.The high-risk groups include thoseA.who are black.B.who are over the age of 40.C.who are white and young.D.both A and B.5.Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to beA.cheap.B.tasty.C.rich in salt.D.healthy.阅读理解文章及练习(6) Pushbike Peril 自行车的危险Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure 一or even kill 一children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars. So a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed2 that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. "The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures,"3 she says.By interviewing the children and their parents，Arbogast and her team were able to4 reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injuries. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed，causing them to topple over5. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees 一but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen6.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system.The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The grouphopes to commercialize the device，which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturers were unaware of the problem," says Arbogast.The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.练习：1.According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars becauseA they are not noble enough.B they may kill children.C they are likely to crash.D they make the bike move at a low speed.2.In paragraph 2，the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries A to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur.B to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents.C to point out what the countermeasures can be.D to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project.3.Paragraph 3 mainly discussesA why the children and their parents were interviewed.B when the children turn the handlebars through 90 degrees.C what causes the children to topple over.D how serious injuries occur.4.The passage implies thatA it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design.B the team of engineers has not found any countermeasures.C children like to ride bicycles at a very low speed.D a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years.5. In which of the following ways the handgrip work?A It can be commercialized.B It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.C It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike.D It changes the direction of the handlebars in an impact.阅读理解文章及练习(7) Late-night Drinking在深夜饮咖啡Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up”cup of coffee1 late in the day will play havoc with2 your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again.3"It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake，，，says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off4一twice as long as usual 一and jigged around5 in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine，the researchers suggest6 that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body，Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.练习：1. The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate thatA melatonin levels need to be raised.B neurohormone can wake us up.C coffee is a stimulant.D decaf is a caffeinated coffee.2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?A Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.D Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.3. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.B Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.D The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.4. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? A There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.B There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.C Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5. The author of this passage probably agrees thatA coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.B we should not drink coffee after supper.C people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am.D if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.阅读理解文章及练习(8) Eat Healthy 健康饮食"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club1!’’Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.练习：1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenA to save food.B to wash the dishes.C not to waste food.D not to eat too much.2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?A Because Americans associate quantity with value.B Because Americans have big bellies.C Because Americans are good eaters.D Because Americans are greedy.3.What happened in the 1970s?A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.C The United States produced more grain than needed.D The American waistline started to expand.4.What does the survey indicate?A Many poor Americans want large portions.B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year.D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.5.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?A They work long hours.B They live from paycheck to paycheck.C They don't want to be healthy eaters.D They want to save money for their children.阅读理解文章及练习(9) U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.Officials from the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.“We anticipate that in the long term1，what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs,”Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.练习：1.The aim of the study is to find new ways toA. conduct research.B. track public health.C. prevent or treat illness.D. speed up development.2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPTA. genetic samples from people in the study.B. biological samples from people in the study.C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.D. samples of air and water from hospitals.3.It is expected that through the study the nation’s health care costsA. will be lowered in the long run.B. will be significantly increased.C. will be more than $200 million.D. will reach $3.2 billion.4.The babies of the participants will be followedA. throughout their lives.B. for more than two decades.C. from birth to 21 months.D. until they get married.5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?A. They’ll be from various areas.B. They’ll be from all income levels.C. They’ll be from all educational levels.D. They’ll be from all age groups.阅读理解文章及练习(10) Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold1，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers2 and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “Cigars ：Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase3 in cigar use and the significant public health consequences4 for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement."The data are clear 一the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with5 the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，”he added. “In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes6 and may be addictive. ”"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is —don't.7 To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks，”warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release8，there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events，but "... a significant body of evidence9 clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. ”练习：1.According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a dayA increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.。
职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解课后习题及答案
职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解课后习题及答案第一篇Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor【纳米保健技术走向贫困国家】1.Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?下面的哪一个纳米技术应用在文章中没有提到？答案：B.To produce better and lighter building materials.产生更好的和更轻的建筑材2.How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?如何能使量子点被用来确认疾病？答案：C. Bylighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.通过靶分子发光辨认疾病3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?纳米技术如何提高药物疗效？答案：ABy making a drug target the focus of a disease.使药物对准疾病病灶。
4. The following developingcountries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT以下的发展中国家都做得很好，在科学研究纳米技术方面。
除了哪个？答案：C. Iran 伊朗5. Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano materials mentioned in the passage?下列哪个是使用纳米材料在文中提到的可能的危险？答案： D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.它们可能在体内体外的环境不同第二篇Medical Journals【医学杂志】1. The main readers of medical journals are？医学杂志的主要读者是？答案：B. health professionals.卫生专业人员2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?下面的哪项陈述是不真实的？答案：C. Most medical journals publish only online.大多数的医学杂志仅有网络版。
职称英语(卫生类)ABC级综合模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
职称英语（卫生类）ABC级综合模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A．expressiveB．physicalC．exaggeratedD．dubious正确答案：B解析：manual(手的；体力的)与physical(身体的；体力的)意思相近。
Their physical strength was their pride．健壮的体魄是他们的骄傲。
expressive：富于表情的。
He had an expressive face．他有…—张表情丰富的脸。
exaggerated：夸张的。
Everyone was listening to his vivid but exaggerated description of the event．每个人都在听他对事件的生动但夸张的描述。
dubious：怀疑的。
These goods are of dubious origin．这些东西的来路令人怀疑。
manual gestures也可以说成hand gestures(手势)。
2．Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.A．convertB．storeC．utiliseD．receive正确答案：C解析：harness此处与utilise意思相近：利用。
More efficient ways to utilise wind energy and tidal power are being studied．人们正在研究更有效地利用风能和潮汐能量的方法。
职称英语(卫生类)A级模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析)
职称英语（卫生类）A级模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.A．competitiveB．diligentC．qualifiedD．competent正确答案：C解析：划线词的意思为“符合条件的，合格的”，C项意为“有资格的”，与划线词意思相近，例：He is a qualified scientist．他是个合格的科学家。
故选C。
A项意为“有竞争力的”，例；A competitive person loves to win and hates to lose．竞争心强的人喜欢赢讨厌输。
B项意为“勤奋的”，例：John is more diligent than anyone else in his class．约翰比班上其他的同学用功。
D项意为“能胜任的”，例：He is competent enough to fill that position．他足以胜任那职位。
2．1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A．playB．sendC．showD．tell正确答案：C解析：划线线词的意思是“展示，展览”，C项意为“展示，表明”，例：Her laziness showed in her exam results．她平时的惰性从她的考试成绩可以看得出来。
A项意为“玩；播放”，例：I could hear music playing on the radio．我听到收音机里演奏着音乐。
职称英语教材-卫生类阅读理解50篇文章(含注释练习及答案解析) 专业文档
第一篇Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the PoorNanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says k could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person's blood under a microscope.In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.4Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.词汇：nanotechnology / 'naensutekinDbdsi In.纳米技术matter /丨maet9(r)/ n.物质molecule /'mDlikjuil/ n.分子atom /'aetsm/ n.原子nanometer /'naensumiito(r) / n.纳米，毫微米(长度单位，=10_9m) one-billionth n.十亿分之一dirt-resistant adj.防尘的，防污的promise /'prDmis/ n.希望，前途program /'prsugraem/ ( = programme) n.节目，节目单；vt.为……编制程序scholar /丨skDb(r) / n.学者quantum /'kwDntom/ n.量；量子dot /dDt/ n.(小）点，圆点confirm /kan丨f3:m/ vt.确认;证实case / keis/ n.病症；病例；患者malaria /m^'lesria/ n.症（疾）misuse /ifnis'juis/ vt.误用，滥用；n.误用，滥用particle /'paitikl/ n.颗粒，微粒；粒子activate /'aektiveit/ vt.使激活identify /(a)i丨dentifai/ vt.辨认diagnose /'daisgn^uz/ vt.诊断（疾病）investment /in1 vestment/ n.投资；投资额注释：1. beauty product:美容产品2. quantum dot (QD):量子点。
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职称英语卫生类阅读理解原文模拟第7篇1Dangerous Sunshine to ChildrenTwo United Nations1 agencies warned on Tuesday that children are most at risk of developing skin cancers as a result of the long-term decline in the earth's protective ozone layer. The agencies, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) 2,issued the warning as they launched a global programme aimed at alerting schools to the dangers of exposure to the sun."As ozone depletion becomes more marked, and as people around the world engage more in sun seeking behaviour, the risk of health complications from over-exposure to ultra-violet radiation is becoming a substantial public health concern," said WHO Director-genera3 Lee Jong-wook. By reducing the time children and adolescents are exposed to direct sunlight, he said: "We can substantially reduce the risk of contracting skin cancers, cataracts and other conditions4 which might only appear much later in life."In its 2002 World Health Report, the WHO said around the world an average of 66,000 people died every yearfrom melanoma or other types of skin cancer. Independent scientific research shows that every year there are between two to three million new cases of non- malignant melanoma and around 130,000 malignant-and normally fatal-new full blown skin cancer cases.Although most known skin cancers seemed to occur in the industrialized world, WHO radiation and environmental health specialist Mike Repacholi told a news conference5, there were many cases believed to be unreported in poorer countries. Although people with darker skins were less susceptible to6; skin cancers, they were just as likely to contract eye cataracts as fairer-skinned populations, and people living close to the equator were even more likely to develop them.As for the protection method, the WHO said that under the school plan, dubbed the Inter sun Project7, the two agencies will distribute packages showing teachers how to develop their own sun education programrnes, the WHO said. In a joint statement from the two agencies which also marked the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, UNEP Executive Director8 Klaus Toepfer said latest studies showed the protective shield was on the road to9 recovery. This was the result of international agreements over the past twodecades to phase out10 use of various chemicals-like those used in some pesticides, refrigerators and aerosols."But we must remain vigilant and more needs to be done before we can say that the problem is solved for goodH ," said Toepfer. This included stopping illegal trade in banned chemicals and enforcing the agreements in developing countries."Only then can we say that the sky above our heads will be safe for our children and their children to come," the former German environment minister said.词汇：protecnve/pro'tektlved/adj．保护的，防护的ozone/5EuzEun, Eu5z-/n．臭氧alert/E5lE:t/向...发出警报；使警觉depletion/di5pli:FEn/n．耗尽(精力或资源等)complication/7kCmpli5keiF(E)n/ n．并发症，并发病ultra-violet/5QltrE5vaiElit/adj．紫外(线)的n．紫外线radiation/7reidi5eiFEn/n.放射，辐射substantial/sEb5stAnFEl/adj.重大的contract/5kCntrAkt/vt．患(病)；感染(恶习等)cataract/5kAtErAkt/n.白内障melanoma/7melE5nEumE/n.黑素瘤non-malignant/nJNmalignant/adj恶性的malignant/mE5li^nEnt/adj．恶性的full-blown/adj．成熟的fairer-skinned/fZE5skind]/adj．肤色较浅的equator/i5kweitE/n.赤道dub/dQb/(dubbed；dubbing)vt．给......起外号preservation/7prezE(:)5veiFEn/n.保护shield/Fi:ld/n．屏，障；防护物，护罩pesticide/5pestisaid/n．杀虫剂，农药aerosol/5ZErEsCl/a．烟，雾；烟雾剂vigilant/5vidVilEnt/adj．警惕的，警醒的enforce/in5fC:s/实施，执行注释：1．United Nations(UN)；联合国2.World Health Organization(WHO)：世界卫生组织UN Environmental Programme(UNEP)：联合国环境规划署3．WHO Director-general：世界卫生组织总干事4．condition在医学文献中常常用来指"疾病"。
5．anews/press conference：记者招待会6．susceptible to：对......易感的，容易受到......的7．the Inter sun Project：(世界卫生组织)保护儿童免受紫外线辐射的规划8．UNEP Executive Director：联合国环境规划署执行主任9．on the road to：在去......的旅途中10．Phase out：分阶段(逐步)结束11．for good(and all)：永久地；决定性地【备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。
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