西方财务会计1
财务会计第1章
（3）、收入能引起企业所有者权益的增加。
（4）、收入只包括本企业经济利益的流入，而不包 括本为第三方或客户代收的款项。
主营业务收入
收入
其他业务收入
5、费用
费用是指企业销售商品、提供劳务等日常
活动所发生的经济利益的流出。
费用是为取得收入而付出的代价，因此费 用一定要与收入配比才能确定。
费用的特征：
（1）
负债、所有者权益
（3） 资产
（2）
（4） 负债、所有者权益
动态会计要素等式
收入—费用=利润 在会计期内，静态会计要素等式和动态会计要素等式 之间的内在联系是：
资产＝负债＋所有者权益+收入—费用 即：资产+费用＝负债＋所有者权益+收入
第四节 会计 法规体系 一、会计法
是我国会计工作的根本大法（也叫母法），是从事会 计工作、制定其他各种会计法规的依据。（第一层次）
1.客观性原则； 也叫真实性原则，或叫可靠性原则
2.可比性原则 （横向比较 ）
3.一贯性 原则 （纵向比较 ） 又叫一致性原则
4.相关性原则 又叫有用性原则
5.及时性原则
6.明晰性 又称可理解性原则
（二）体现会计要素确认和计量的一般原则 1、权责发生制原则
又叫应收应付制 2、配比原则
3、历史成本原则 又叫实际成本原则
3、所有者权益 所有者权益是企业投资人人对企业净资产的要求权，或者
说索求权，所有权。（也可以表述为：是所有者在企业资产中 享有的经济益，）其金额为资产减去负债后的余额。
所有者权益的特征 （1）、所有者权益代表的资产可供企业长期使用，无须偿还 （2）、所有者权益代表的资产是企业清偿 债务的物质保证， 是企业亏损的承担者； （3.）、所有者权益拥有分享 税后利润的 权利
中西方财务会计的差异
中西方财务会计的差异我国自93年以来实施的一系列财务会计制度改革，使我国财务会计在广泛的领域实现了与国际惯例的协调一致。
但由于一国的会计受经济体制、经济发展水平、法律环境、金融环境、文化环境、政治环境等诸多因素的影响，目前，我国的财务会计与以美国为代表的西方财务会计仍存在一定的差异。
我国企事业单位的会计核算要遵循我国颁布的会计准则和会计制度，西方财务会计并不能在我国的会计实务中得到运用，但我国正处于市场经济体制日益完善和经济高速发展的时期，财务会计也处于不断变革之中，了解中西财务会计的差异并分析差异形成的原因，对发展和完善我国的会计体系，提高会计人员对未来的适应能力有着重要意义。
我国财务会计与西方财务会计的差异主要体现在以下几个方面：一、中西方对财务与会计关系的基本表述中国对财务与会计关系的表述主要有三种思路：首先是“大会计观”，认为会计包括财务甚至可以代替财务，会计是一种管理活动，会计是管理的主体，财务是管理的对象，必须对财务实施会计管理。
“财务管理实际上指的是对财务活动进行的会计管理。
” 在我国会计学科体系设置上也与这种观点相符。
我国财务会计主要的缺点是：学科门类单一，讨论范围狭窄；注重核算多，重视管理少，只讨论方法，很少深入研究理论，即使在很少的理论研究中也主要是解释、说明制度，基本没有独立完整的学科研究内容。
其次是“大财务论”，认为财政决定财务，财务决定会计，会计只属于财务管理体系中的反映和控制环节。
这种观点是中国政府几十年来一直坚持的观点和实际做法，任何财务政策都要服从和服务于国家的财政政策，中国十年的会计政策都是围绕着财务政策制订的。
最后还有一种“财务会计并行观”。
认为财务是一种管理工作，会计则为这种管理提供信息服务，主张借鉴西方的经验，从机构设置上将两者分开。
社会主义商品经济越是发展，企业的理财活动必定日益显示它的重要性，它将同企业的经营活动并驾齐驱，共同影响企业的成败。
而西方国家基本上认为财务与会计是两门学科，各自有其不同的理论体系。
财务会计专业英语 (1)
©2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives-Conceptual
C1: Explain the purpose and importance of accounting in the information age C2: Identify users and uses of accounting C3: Identify opportunities in accounting and related fields C4: Explain why ethics are crucial in accounting C5: Explain GAAP, and define and apply several key accounting principles
Introduction
Textbook
Principles of Accounting (Nineteenth Edition), by John J. Wild, Ken W. Shaw, Barbara Chiappetta, 崔学刚，饶菁改编，中国人民大学出版 社，2009年7月出版
©2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved
©2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives-Analytical
A1: Define and interpret the accounting equation and each of its components A2: Analyze business transactions using the accounting equation
西方财务会计.doc
《西方财务会计》复习资料一般期末考试题型：一、判断题二、单项选择题三、多项选择题四、论述题五、业务题各章要求重点掌握的内容：第一章：概论1．财务会计与管理会计的区别2．会计信息的质量特征3．各会计假设与会计原则（理解并能应用，不要求背诵）第二章：会计循环1．资产及其特征2．会计等式3．借贷记账法、日记账与分类账的应用4．试算表5．第三节应计制与账项调整6．会计循环的各个步骤第三章：商品购销业务1．购销业务的处理，（1）退货与折让货款（2）商业折扣与现金折扣（总价法与净价法）（3）运费2．销货成本的确定第四章：现金收支业务1．现金的范围2．现金内部控制的方法3．零用现金的会计处理4．银行余额的调节第五章：应收账款与应收票据1．第二节：应收账款坏账的处理2．第四节：应收票据第六章：存货1．第一节存货的种类和范围2．第二节存货数量的确定3．第三节存货成本的确定（不包括成本与市价孰低法）第七章：对外投资1．投资的分类与计价2．债务性证券投资的会计处理（交易性和可供出售证券）3．权益性证券投资的会计处理（交易性和可供出售证券）4．成本法与权益法（看课件内容）第八章：厂场资产、自然资源和无形资产1．厂场资产的特点2．长期资产的计价3．第二节厂场资产取得的会计处理（不包括非货币性交易）4．第三节厂场资产折旧及折旧的计算5．厂场资产的处置6．无形资产及其特征第九章：流动负债1．负债及其特点2．第三节金额确定的流动负债3．第六节或有负债第十章：长期负债1．第一节长期负债的特点2．公司债券的计价及其帐务处理（涉及债券发行、折价和溢价摊销、赎回等，以直线摊销法为主）第十一章：股东权益全章内容重要（涉及股票发行、库藏股、股利等）第十二章：合伙企业业主权益（不要求）第十三章：财务报表1．财务报表的种类2．收益表及其作用3．资产负债表及其作用4．股东权益表及其作用5．第四节现金流量表（要求理解，掌握方法，不考具体编表）第十四章：财务报表分析1．第一节财务报表分析的目的和方法2．如何进行横向分析和纵向分析3．第三节比率分析法4．财务报表分析的局限性★考核知识点:会计的概念附1.1（考核知识点解释）会计的主要目的在于向决策者提供财务信息，以帮助他们做出有关财务事项的最有利的决策。
斯科特财务会计理论PPT课件第一章
– Lack of transparency of asset-backed securities – Excessive risk encouraged by off-balance-sheet activities – Excessive risk encouraged by manager compensation
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc
1 - 15
1.10 The Fundamental Problem Of Financial Accounting Theory
• The best measure of net income to control adverse selection not the same as the best measure to motivate manager performance
– Fair value accounting for financial instruments
• Complicated by liquidity pricing
– High leverage of financial institutions
• Off-balance sheet financing liabilities • Use of expected loss notes to avoid consolidation of
• Response of standard setters
– Stopgap measures in response to government pressure
• Fair value accounting guidance during liquidity pricing • Increased use of internal estimates (value-in-use) • Increased use of cost-based valuation
财务会计用语(1)
abnormal cost特别成本，非常成本aboriginal cost原始成本absolute cost of production绝对生产费用absolute fixed cost绝对固定成本absorption cost全部成本accidental cost事故费用［支出］accounting cost记帐成本acquisition cost取得成本，购置成本，招揽成本,照原价acquisition cost of assets资产的购置成本acquisition cost of inventory存货的购置成本actual cost实际代价additional cost(s)额外费用，追加成本adjusted original cost调整原价adjustment cost理算费用administrative cost管理费用advertising cost广告费用afforestation cost造林费用after cost后续成本aggregate cost of coverage 承保总值all-in cost总费用allocable fixed cost可分摊的固定费用allowed cost容许成本alternative cost替代成本amortized cost已摊销成本annuity cost年金成本anticipated cost预期成本apportioned cost分派费用，摊派成本appraisal cost鉴定费用approximate cost约计成本assembly cost组装成本assessed cost摊派费用assumed cost假定成本available cost可控成本avoidable cost可避免成本B back-stopping cost 支助费用basic cost原始价值，基额成本basic shop cost 基本制造成本basic standard cost 基本标准成本betterment costs 固定资产改良费用binding cost装订费用，装帧成本bona fide cost真实成本bond issue cost债券发行费用，债券发行成本book cost帐面成本break-even cost收支两平成本，损益两平成本budget(ed) cost 预算成本，计划成本building cost ofprojects 工程造价bunched cost整批成本burden cost一般费用；杂费business cost企业成本buying cost购入原价capacity cost能力维持费用；足量成本capital cost资本成本，资本费用capitalized cost资本化费用carrying cost 储囤成本，财产维持费circulation cost 流动费用clerical cost 办公费用collision costs 碰撞事件诉讼费combined cost 联合成本，合并成本committed capacity cost 折旧费common cost 共同成本;联合成本compiling cost 收集成本compliance cost 税务执行费用component cost 个别成本constant cost 不变成本construction cost 工程费用consumed cost 耗用成本container cost 容器成本contingent cost临时成本continuous-process cost连续步序成本contractual printing cost订约承印费controllable cost可控制成本conversion cost加工成本cover cost期货保证金，找补费用crush cost赶工成本current cost时价，市价，流动成本，日常开支current cost of funds资金的现时成本Ddebris cleaning cost清除残余损物费用declining average variable cost平均变动成本下降decreasing cost递减成本deferred cost递延成本degressive cost递减费用delivery cost 运送费用demolition cost 拆毁成本departmental cost 分部成本；部门成本;车间费用depleted cost 扣除折耗后成本depreciable cost 应计折旧价值depreciated cost 折余成本depreciation cost 折旧费development cost 开发成本differential cost 差等成本;差量成本direct cost直接成本；可变成本;直接费用direct and indirect process cost 直接与间接分步成本discounted cost 折扣费用discretionary costs 可控制成本managed costs 可控制成本programmed costs 可控制成本displacement cost 代替成本disposal cost 处理费用distributed cost 已分摊成本distributive cost 发行成本，销售成本divisional cost 分部成本，部别成本economic cost 经济成本effective cost 实际成本efficiency cost 效率费用electric power cost 电力成本employment cost 雇佣费energy cost能量消耗enterprise cost企业成本environmental cost环境？。
西方财务会计双语单词
1`Business 企业 A business is an organization in which basic resources (inputs), such an materials and labor, are assembled and processed to provide goods or services(outputs) to customers.Manufacturing Business 制造企业Merchandising Business 商业企业Service Business 服务性企业Proprietorship 独资企业 A proprietorship is owned by one individualPartnership 合伙企业 A partnership is owned by two or more individuals Corporation 公司制企业A corporation is organized under state or federal statutes as a separate legal entity.Profit 利润Business Stakeholder 企业相关着business stakeholder is a person or entity having an interest inthe economic performance of the business.Accounting 会计Financial Accounting 财务会计Managerial Accounting 管理会计Private Accounting 私用会计（企业会计）：Accountants employed by a business firm or anot-for-profit organization are said to be engaged in privateaccounting.Public Accounting 公共会计（会计师事务所）：Accountants and their staff who provideservices on a fee basis are said to be employed in publicaccounting.Accounting Equation 会计恒等式Assets 资产The resources owned by a businessLiabilities 负债The rights of the creditors, which represent debts of the business Owner’s Equity所有者权益The rights of the owners.Business Transaction 企业交易A business transaction is an economic event or conditionthat directly changes an entity’s financial condition or directly affects itsresults of operationsAccounts Payable 应付账款Accounts Receivable 应收账款Expenses 费用Prepaid Expenses 预付费用Account Form 账户格式Report Form 报告式Net Income 净收入Net Loss 净损失Revenue 收入Financial Statements 财务报表financial statements, provide summarized information tothe ownerBalance Sheet 资产负债表A list of the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity as of a specific date. Income Statement 利润表A summary of the revenue and expenses for a specific period of time. Statement of Owner's Equity 所有者权益变动表Shows the reason for the change in eachowner’s equity account that have occurred during a specificperiod of time.Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) 公认会计原则Statement of Cash Flows 现金流量表A summary of the cash receipts and disbursements for a specific period of time.Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 注册会计师2`Account 账户An account is a separate record to show the increase and decrease of each financial statement item.Ledger 分类账A group of accounts for a business entity is called a ledgerChart of Accounts 科目表A list of the accounts in the ledger is called a chart of account Revenues 收入类账户Expenses 资产消耗Drawing 提款账户Balance of the Account 账户余额Debits 借方金额Credits 贷方金额T Account T 型帐 An account can be drawn to resemble the letter T, it is called a T account. Double-Entry Accounting 复式记账会计Journal Entry 日记账分录Journal 日记账Journalizing 日记簿记账2Posting 过账Two-Column Journal 二栏式日记账Unearned Revenue 预收收入The liability created by receiving the cash in advance of providing the service is called unearned revenve.Trial Balance 试算平衡3`Cash Basis 现今制（收付实现制）period in which cash is received or paidAccrual Basis 应计制（权责发生制）period in which they are earnedAdjusting Process 调整程序Accruals 应计项目Deferrals 递延项Deferred Expenses 递延费用（预付费用）have been initially recorded as assets but areexpected to become expensesAccrued Expenses 应计费用(accrued liabilities)Deferred Revenues 递延收入（预收收入）have ben initially recorded as liability bu areexpected to become revenuesAccrued Revenues 应计收入(accrued assets)Prepaid Expenses 预付费用Adjusting Entries 调整账户Unearned Expenses 预收费用？Adjusted Trial Balance 调整试算平衡Accumulated Depreciation累计折旧Depreciation 折旧Book Value of the Asset 资产账面价值Depreciation Expense 折旧费用Contra Accounts 备抵账户accumulated depreciation accountsFixed Assets 固定资产（plant assets）4`Accounting Cycle 会计循环Work Sheet 工作底稿Current Assets 流动资产Cash and other assets that are expected to be converted into cash,sold, or used up usually in less than a year are current assets.Current Liabilities 流动负债Long-Term Liabilities 长期负债Post-Closing Trial Balance 结账后试算表Closing Entries 结账分录Real Account 实账户Temporary Accounts (Nominal Accounts ) 虚账户（类似过渡账户）Income Summary 损益表（反应某一特定时期收入费用状况的报表）5`Accounting System 会计系统General Ledger 总分类账Accounts Payable Subsidiary Ledger 应付账款明细账Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger 应收账款明细账Purchases Journal 赊购日记账The purchases journal is designed for recording allpurchases on account.Cash Payments Journal 现金支出日记账Revenue Journal 赊销日记账Cash Receipts Journal 现金收入日记账All transactions that involve the receipt of cash arerecorded in the cash receipts journalSpecial Journals 特种日记账Controlling Account 控制账户General Journal 普通日记账6` Multiple-Step Income Statement 多步式损益表Single-Step Income Statement 单步式损益表Sales 销售额Sales Discounts 销售折扣Sales Returns & Allowances 销售退回及折让Purchase 购买额Purchase Discount 购货折扣Purchase Returns & Allowances 购货退回或折让Periodic Method 实地盘存制Perpetual Method 永续盘存制Merchandise Inventory 商品存货Cost of Merchandise Sold 商品销售成本Gross Profit 毛利润Administrative Expenses管理费用Selling Expenses 销售费用Income from Operations 营业收入Other Expense 其他费用Other Income 其他收益Invoice 发票Credit Memorandum 贷项通知单Debit Memorandum 借项通知单FOB Destination 目的地交货FOB Shipping Point 船上交货Trade Discounts 商业折扣7` Cash 现金Bank Reconciliation 银行存款余额调节表Check 支票Remittance advice 汇款通知Transactions register 交易登记册（交易账簿）Deposit ticket 存款票据Signature card 签名卡Drawee 付款人Drawer 发票人Payee 收款人8` Accounts Receivable 应收账款Notes Receivable 应收票据Allowance Method 备抵法Uncollectible Accounts Expense 坏账损失Direct Write-Off Method 直接冲销法Aging the Receivables 应收账款账龄分析法Net Realizable Value 可变现价值Maturity Value 到期价值Promissory Note 本票9`Inventory 存货Periodic Inventory System 实地盘存制Perpetual Inventory System 永续盘存制Average Cost Method 加权平均法First-in, First-out (FIFO) Method 先进先出法Last-in, First-out (LIFO) Method 后进先出法Lower-of-Cost-or-Market (LCM) Method 成本与市价孰低法Gross Profit Method 毛利率法Retail Inventory Method 零售价法10`Fixed assets 固定资产损失Depreciation 折旧Residual Value 剩余价值Book Value 账面价值Accelerated Depreciation Method 加速折旧法Straight-Line Method 直线法Declining-Balance Method 余额递减法Units-of-Production Method 工作量法Trade-in Allowance 交换折价Depletion 折耗Amortization 摊销Intangible Assets 无形资产Copyright 版权Patents 专利Goodwill 商誉Trademark 商标Boot 补价（附得利益）11`Discount 折价Discount Rate 贴现率Proceeds 应收票据贴现率Gross Pay 毛工资Net Pay 净薪资Payroll 薪酬Defined Contribution Plan 确定投入计划Defined Benefit Plan 确定收益计划12`Stock 股份Stockholders 股东Stockholders’Equity 股东权益Retained Earnings 留存收益Paid-in Capital 实收资本Common Stock 普通股Preferred Stock 优先股Par 平价Cumulative Preferred Stock 累积优先股Nonparticipating Preferred StockStated Value 设定价值Outstanding Stock发行在外股票Premium 溢价Treasury Stock 库藏股票Stock Split 股票分割Cash Dividend 现金股利Stock Dividend 股票股利。
西方财务会计课后习题答案
Chapter 2Check Points(5 min.) CP 2-1 Hickman’s payment was not an expense.Hickman acquired an asset, Equipment, because the computer is an economic resource of the business.(5 min.) CP 2-2a. $12,800b. $ 3,000c. $56,300d. $ 500e. $ 5,800 [Service revenue of $8,500 ($5,500 + $3,000) – Total expenses of $2,700 ($1,100 +$1,200 + $400) = Net income of $5,800]e. $ 500(5-10 min.) CP 2-3Cash Accounts Receivable 30,000 4,000 6,0002,000 Bal. 6,000Bal. 28,000(5 min.) CP 2-4 Increased total assets: May 1 (Cash)May 1 (Medical supplies)May 3 (Cash, Accounts receivable)Increased total liabilities: M ay 1 (Accounts payable)Decreased total assets: May 2 (Cash)(10 min.) CP 2-5JournalDATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATION DEBIT CREDIT Apr. 15 Cash……………………………………50,000Note Payable………………………50,000 Borrowed money from the bank.22 Accounts Receivable……………….9,000Service Revenue………………….9,000 Performed service on account.28 Cash……………………………………6,000Accounts Receivable…………….6,000 Received cash on account.29 Utilitie s Expense (600)Accounts Payable (600)Received utility bill.30 Salary Expense………………………3,000Cash…………………………………3,000 Paid salary expense.Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis 5730 Interest Expense (300)Cash (300)Paid interest expense.(10-15 min.) CP 2-6Req. 1JournalDATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATION DEBIT CREDIT Supplies………………………………..2,000Accounts Payable…………………2,000 Purchased supplies on account.Accounts Payable (500)Cash (500)Paid cash on account.Req. 2Accounts Payable500 2,000Bal. 1,500Req. 3Biaggi’s business owes $1,500, as shown in the Accounts Payable account.(10-15 min.) CP 2-7Req. 1JournalDATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATION DEBIT CREDIT Accounts Receivable………………..1,200Service Revenue…………………..1,200 Performed service on account.Cash (500)Accounts Receivable (500)Received cash on account.Req. 2Cash Accounts Receivable Service Revenue500 1,200 500 1,200 Bal. 500 Bal. 700 Bal. 1,200 Req. 3a. The Center earned $1,200: S ervice Revenueb. Total assets $1,200: C ash………………….. $ 500Accounts receivable. 700Total assets…………. $1,20058Financial Accounting 6/e Solutions Manual(10 min.) CP 2-8Old NavyTrial BalanceDecember 31, 20X8ACCOUNT DEBIT CREDITMillionsCash……………………….…...$ 2Other assets (9)Accounts payable……………$ 1Other liabilities (2)Stockholders’ equity (2)Revenues (30)Expenses……………………... 24 ___Total……………………….……$35 $35Old Navy’s net income:$6 million ($30 – $24)(10 min.) CP 2-9 1. Total assets = $53,800 ($33,300 + $2,000 + $500 +$18,000)2. Total liabilities = $1003. Total stockholders’ equity = $53,700 ($53,800 – $100)4. Net income = $5,800 ($8,500 – $1,100 – $1,200 – $400)(10 min.) CP 2-101. Total debits = $121,600 ($58,600 + $81,000 – $18,000)Total credits = $ 58,600Difference = $ 63,000 ($121,600 – $58,600)$63,000 / 9 = $7,000 (an integer), which suggests either atransposition or a slide2. Total debits = $76,600 ($58,600 + $20,000 – $2,000)Total credits = $58,600Difference = $18,000 ($76,600 – $58,600)$18,000 / 9 = $2,000 (original amount of accountsreceivable)3. Total debits = $56,600 ($58,600 – $ 2,000)Total credits = $60,600 ($58,600 + $ 2,000)Difference = $ 4,000 ($60,600 – $56,600)$4,000 / 2 = $2,000 (original amount of accounts receivable)Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis 59(5 min.) CP 2-12Cash Computer Equipment250,000 100,000Accounts Payable Common Stock100,000 250,000Total debits = $350,000 ($250,000 + $100,000)Total credits = $350,000 ($100,000 + $250,000)Exercises(10-15 min.) E 2-1 TO: Home OfficeFROM: Store ManagerDuring the first week, I borrowed $320,000 on a note payable. I used the store’s beginning cash plus the borrowed money to purchase land, a building, copy equipment, and supplies. After all these transactions, the store’s balance sheet appears as follows:Kinko’sOklahoma City StoreBalance SheetDateASSETS LIABILITIESCash $ 80,000* Note payable $320,000 Supplies 10,000Copy equipment 60,000 STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLand 90,000 Common stock 40,000 Building 120,000 Total liabilities and ________ Total assets $360,000 stockholders’ equity $360,000 _____*$40,000 + $320,000 – $90,000 – $120,000 – $60,000 – $10,000 = $80,000(5-10 min.) E 2-2 a. Issuance of stockRevenue transactionb. Purchase of asset on accountBorrow moneyc. Purchase of asset for cashSale of asset for cashCollection of an account receivabled. Payment of dividends to ownersExpense transactione. Pay a liability60Financial Accounting 6/e Solutions Manual(10-20 min.) E 2-4 Req. 1Analysis of TransactionsASSETS = LIABILITIES + STO CKHOLDERS’ EQUITYDate Cash + AccountsReceivable +MedicalSupplies + Land =AccountsPayable +NotePayable +CommonStock +RetainedEarningsType of Stockholders’Equity TransactionOct. 6 40,000 40,000 Issued stock9 (30,000) 30,00012 2,000 2,00015 Not a transaction of the business.15-31 4,000 4,000 8,000 Service revenue 15-31 (1,400) (1,400) Salary expense (1,000) (1,000) Rent expense(300) (300) Utilities expense31 500 (500)31 10,000 10,00031 (1,500) (1,500)Bal. 20,300 4,000 1,500 30,000 500 10,000 40,000 5,30055,800 55,800Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis 61(continued) E 2-4 Req. 2a. $55,800b. $4,000c. $10,500 ($500 + $10,000)d. $45,300 ($55,800 – $10,500, or $40,000 + $5,300)e. $5,300 (Revenue, $8,000 minus total expenses of $2,700, equals net income, $5,300.)62Financial Accounting 6/e Solutions Manual(10-15 min.) E 2-5JournalDATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATION DEBIT CREDIT Oct. 6 Cash………………………………………..40,000Common Stock……………………….40,000 Issued stock to owner.9 Land………………………………………...30,000Cash…………………………………….30,000 Purchased land.12 Medical Supplies…………………………2,000Accounts Payable……………………2,000 Purchased supplies on account.15 Not a transaction of the business.15-31 Cash………………………………………..4,000Accounts Receivable……………………4,000Servi ce Revenue……………………..8,000 Performed service for cash and on account.15-31 Salary Expense…………………………..1,400Rent Expense……………………………..1,000Utilities Expense (300)Cash…………………………………….2,700 Paid expenses.31 Cash (500)Medical Supplies (500)Sold supplies.31 Cash………………………………………..10,000Note Payable…………………………..10,000 Borrowed money.31 Accounts Payable……………………….1,500Cash…………………………………….1,500 Paid on account.(10-15 min.) E 2-6 Req. 1Total assets = $145 million ($100 + $60 – $55 + $35 + $26 – $21)Req. 2Company owes $41 million [$60 – $55 + $35 + $22 – $21]Req. 3Net income = $4 million ($26 – $22)Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis 63(10-20 min.) E 2-7 Req. 1 (journal entries)JournalDATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATION DEBIT CREDIT Aug. 1 Cash……………………………………………19,500Common Stock…………………………...19,500 Issued common stock to owner.2 Office Supplies (800)Accounts Payable (800)Purchased office supplies on account.4 Land……………………………………………14,000Cash………………………………………..14,000 Paid cash for land.6 Cash……………………………………………2,000Service Revenue…………………………2,000 Performed services for cash.9 Accounts Payable (100)Cash (100)Paid cash on account.17 Accounts Receivable……………………….1,200Service Revenue…………………………1,200 Performed service on account.23 Cash (900)Accounts Receivable (900)Received cash on account.31 Salary Expense………………………………1,000Rent Expense (500)Cash………………………………………..1,500 Paid cash expenses.(continued) E 2-7Req. 2Ending cash = $6,800($19,500 – $14,000 + $2,000 – $100 + $900 – $1,500)Expects to collect on account = $300 ($1,200 – $900)Total liabilities = $700 ($800 – $100)Net income (profit) = $1,700 ($2,000 + $1,200 – $1,000 – $500)64Financial Accounting 6/e Solutions Manual(20-30 min.) E 2-8 Req. 1Cash Accounts ReceivableAug. 1 19,500 Aug. 4 14,000 Aug. 17 1,200 Aug. 23 9006 23 2,0009009311001,500Aug. 31 300Aug. 31 6,800Office Supplies LandAug. 2 800 Aug. 4 14,000Aug. 31 800 Aug. 31 14,000Accounts Payable Common StockAug. 9 100 Aug. 2 800 Aug. 1 19,500 Aug. 31 700 Aug. 31 19,500 Service Revenue Salary ExpenseAug. 6 2,000 Aug. 31 1,00017 1,200 Aug. 31 1,000Aug. 31 3,200Rent ExpenseAug. 31 500Aug. 31 500(continued) E 2-8Req. 2Coaxial Electronic Systems, Inc.Trial BalanceAugust 31, 20X6ACCOUNT DEBIT CREDITCash…………………………...$ 6,800Accounts receivable (300)Office supplie s (800)Land…………………………...14,000Accounts payable…………..$ 700Common stock………………19,500Service revenue……………..3,200Salary expense………………1,000Rent expense (500)Total…………………………...$23,400 $23,400Req. 3Total a ssets ($6,800 + $300 + 800 + $14,000)……..$21,900Total liabilities (700)Total stockholders’ equity ($21,900 –$700)………$21,200Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis 65(10-15 min.) E 2-9JournalDATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATION DEBIT CREDIT1. Cash…………………………………..10,000Common Stock…………………..10,000 Issued common stock.2. Cash…………………………………..7,000Note Payable……………………..7,000 Borrowed money; signed note payable.3. Land…………………………………..31,000Cash………………………………..8,000Note Payable……………………..23,000 Purchased land by paying cashand signing a note payable.4. Supplies (600)Accounts Payable (600)Purchased supplies on account.5. Cash (100)Su pplies (100)Sold supplies for cash.6. Equipment……………………………6,000Cash………………………………..6,000 Paid cash for equipment.7. Accounts Payable (300)Cash (300)Paid cash on account.Cash balance = $2,800 ($10,000 + $7,000 – $8,000 + $100 – $6,000 – $300)Company owes $30,300 ($7,000 + $23,000 + $600 – $300)(10-20 min.) E 2-10Req. 1Whirlpool Appliance ServiceTrial BalanceJune 30, 20X6ACCOUNT DEBIT CREDIT Cash…………………………...$ 9,000Accounts receivable………..15,500Building……………………….40,250Land…………………………...29,000Accounts payable………….. $ 4,300Note payable………………… 13,000Common stock……………… 48,800Retained earnings………….. 21,350*Dividends……………………..6,000Service revenue…………….. 22,00066Financial Accounting 6/e Solutions ManualSalary expense………………8,000Utilities expense…………….1,400Delivery expense (300)Total…………………………...$109,450 $109,450 *Total debits…………………………………………$109,450 Total credits, ex cluding retained earnings…… (88,100) Retained earnings…………………………………$ 21,350 (continued) E 2-10Req. 2Whirlpool Appliance ServiceIncome StatementMonth Ended June 30, 20X6Service revenue………………...$22,000Salary expense…………………$8,000Ut ilities expense………………..1,400Delivery expense (300)Total expenses…………………. 9,700Net income………………………$12,300 (15-25 min.) E 2-11Car Connection, Inc.Trial BalanceDecember 31, 20X3ACCOUNT DEBIT CREDIT Cash…………………………...$ 4,600*Accounts receivable……….. 12,600*Inventory……………………... 17,000Supplies (600)Land…………………………... 55,000Accounts payable…………..$13,100*Common stock………………48,300*Sales revenue……………….. 35,700Cost of goods sold…………. 3,900Salary expense……………… 1,700Rent expense (800)Utilities expense……………. 900* _______Total…………………………...$97,100 $97,100_____*Explanations:Cash: $4,200 + $400 = $4,600Accounts Receivable: $13,000 – $400 = $12,600Accounts Payable: $12,000 + $1,000 – $100 + $200 = $13,100Common Stock: $47,900 + $400 = $48,300Utilities Expense: $700 + $200 = $900(5-15 min.) E 2-12 Cash Accounts Receivable(a) 12,500 (b) 1,500 (f) 8,300(d) 1,800 Bal. 8,300(e) 400(g) 2,000Bal. 6,800Office Supplies Office Furniture(c) 800 (a) 9,000Bal. 800 Bal. 9,000Accounts Payable Common Stock(e) 400 (c) 800 (a) 21,500Bal. 400 Bal. 21,500 Dividends Service Revenue(g) 2,000 (f) 8,300 Bal. 2,000 Bal. 8,300 Salary Expense Rent Expense(d) 1,800 (b) 1,500Bal. 1,800 Bal. 1,500(10-20 min.) E 2-13Req. 1LaVell Oxford, AttorneyTrial BalanceJuly 31, 20X8ACCOUNT DEBIT CREDITCash…………………………...$ 6,800Accounts receivable………..8,300Office supplies (800)Office furniture………………9,000Accounts payable…………..$ 400Common stock………………21,500Dividends……………………..2,000Service revenue……………..8,300Salary expense………………1,800Rent expense……………….. 1,500Total…………………………...$30,200 $30,200Req. 2The business performed well during July. The result of operations was net income of $5,000, as shown by the income statement accounts:Service revenue………………….$ 8,300Salary expense………..$1,800Rent expense…………. 1,500Total expenses……………….. (3,300)Net income……………………….. $ 5,000(20-30 min.) E 2-14Reqs. 1 and 3Cash Accounts ReceivableDec. 2 7,000 Dec. 2 500 Dec. 18 1,7009 800 3 3,00012 200Bal. 4,100Supplies EquipmentDec. 5 300 Dec. 3 3,000Furniture Accounts PayableDec. 4 3,600 Dec. 4 3,6005 300Bal. 3,900 Common Stock DividendsDec. 2 7,000Service Revenue Rent ExpenseDec. 9 800 Dec. 2 50018 1,700Bal. 2,500Utilities Expense Salary ExpenseDec. 12 200(continued) E 2-14Req. 2JournalDATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATION DEBIT CREDIT Dec. 2 Cash……………………………………..7,000Common Stock……………………..7,0002 Rent Expense (500)Cash (500)3 Equipment……………………………...3,000Cash………………………………….3,0004 Furniture………………………………..3,600Accounts Payable………………….3,6005 Supplies (300)Accounts Payable (300)9 Cash (800)Service Revenue (800)12 Utilities Expense (200)Cash (200)18 Accounts Receivable…………………1,700Service Revenue…………………...1,700 (continued) E 2-14Req. 4Matthew Rogers, Certified Public Accountant, P.C.Trial BalanceDecember 18, 20XXACCOUNT DEBIT CREDIT Cash…………………………...$ 4,100Accounts receivable………..1,700Supplies (300)Equipment……………………3,000Furniture……………………...3,600Accounts payable…………..$ 3,900Common stock………………7,000Dividends……………………..—Service revenue……………..2,500Rent expense (500)Utilities expense (200)Salary expense………………—Total…………………………...$13,400 $13,400(20-40 min.) E 2-15a. Net income for March – Given as follows:Retained EarningsFeb. 28 Bal. 7,000MarchMarch dividends 15,800 net income X = $19,300Mar. 31 Bal. 10,500$7,000 + X – $15,800 = $10,500X = $19,300b. Total cash paid during March:CashFeb. 28 Bal. 11,600March receipts 81,200 March payments X = $87,800Mar. 31 Bal. 5,000$11,600 + $81,200 – X = $ 5,000X = $87,800 (continued) E 2-15c. Cash collections from customers during March:Accounts ReceivableFeb. 28 Bal. 24,300March saleson account 49,400 March collections X = $47,000 Mar. 31 Bal. 26,700$24,300 + $49,400 – X = $26,700X = $47,000d. Cash paid on a note payable during March:Note PayableFeb. 28 Bal. 13,900 March MarchX =17,500 payments on note X new borrowing 25,000Mar. 31 Bal. 21,400 $13,900 + $25,000 – X = $21,400X = $17,500(20-30 min.) E 2-16Req. 1Road Runner, Inc.Trial BalanceDecember 31, 20X5Cash…………………………...$ 4,200Accounts receivable………..7,200Supplies (800)Land…………………………...34,000Accounts payable…………..$ 5,800Note payable…………………5,000Common stock………………20,000Retained earnings…………..7,300Service revenue……………..9,100Salary expense………………3,400Advertising expense………. 900 _______Totals………………………….$50,500 $47,200Out of balanceby $3,300The correct balance of Accounts Receivable is $3,900 ($7,200 – $3,300). After this correction, total debits will be $47,200 ($50,500 – $3,300), the same as total credits.(continued) E 2-16Req. 2Road Runner, Inc.Trial BalanceDecember 31, 20X5Cash ($4,200 –$400)……………………$ 3,800Accounts receivable($7,200 –$3,300 + $7,000)..............10,900 Supplies.. (800)Land ($34,000 + $80,000)………………114,000Accounts payable ($5,800 + $2,000)…$ 7,800 Note payable ($5,000 + $80,000)……...85,000 Common stock…………………………..20,000 Retained earnings………………………7,300 Service revenue ($9,100 + $7,000)……16,100 Salary expense ($3,400 + $400)………3,800Advertising expense ($900 + $2,000). 2,900Tot als……………………………………...$136,200 $136,200Req. 3a. Total assets = $129,500 ($3,800 + $10,900 + $800 + $114,000).b. Road Runner is profitable, as indicated by the excess of revenue ($16,100) over totalexpenses ($6,700 = $3,800 + $2,900).(10-15 min.) E 2-17San Francisco:Income statement June July Medical expense…………..$40,000 $ -0- Balance sheet June 30 July 31 Cash…………………………$55,000 $23,000*Accounts payable…………40,000 8,000** Bay Area:Income statement June July Service revenue…………..$40,000 $ -0- Balance sheet June 30 July 31 Cash………………………… $ -0- $32,000Accounts receivable……..40,000 8,000**Explanation:San Francisco’s expense is Bay Area’s revenue.San Francisco’s cash payment is Bay Area’s cash receipt.San Francisco’s account payable is Bay Area’s account receivable. __________*$55,000 – $32,000 = $23,000**$40,000 – $32,000 = $ 8,000。
西方财务会计-chapter5(1)
Petty Cash(cont.)
The balance of the petty cash account, which is part of the total cash balance, changes only when the fund is established, changed in amount, or discontinued.
40
Cash
2,440
Petty Cash Fund : Example
If some errors occur: Presumably, a voucher was lost, or a voucher understates the amount disbursed. The following individual vouchers accompany the fund: postage,$900; office supplies, $700; and taxi fares, $800 ( $2,400 in total ). There is a $40 cash shortage ($2,440 - $2,400 ).
Controlling cash balance
Bank reconciliation Bank accounts Petty cash
Petty Cash
Imprest fund
For routine small disbursements.
Amounts can vary from $50 or less to more than $10,000.
财务会计1知识点
财务会计1知识点是当今商业世界中至关重要的一门学科，它涵盖了很多重要的知识点。
在这篇文章中，我们将介绍一些与相关的核心概念和技术。
首先，我们来谈谈财务报表。
财务报表是的核心，它提供了公司在一定时间范围内的财务状况和业绩。
主要的财务报表包括资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表。
资产负债表展示了公司的资产、负债和所有者权益，可以帮助投资者和债权人了解公司的财务稳定性。
利润表则反映了公司的销售收入、成本和利润状况，它是评估公司盈利能力的重要工具。
而现金流量表展示了公司的现金流动情况，帮助管理者合理安排资金运营。
其次，让我们来讨论一下财务指标。
财务指标是用来衡量公司财务状况和业绩的关键指标。
其中包括盈利能力指标、偿债能力指标和运营能力指标。
盈利能力指标包括毛利率、净利润率等，用于评估公司的盈利能力。
偿债能力指标包括应付利息倍数、流动比率等，用于评估公司的偿债能力。
运营能力指标包括存货周转率、应收账款周转率等，用于评估公司的运营效率。
第三，我们来探讨一下会计准则和原则。
会计准则和原则是指导实践的基本规则和原则。
其中最重要的一项是公允性原则，即财务信息必须真实、客观且公正。
此外，会计准则还要求进行会计期间分隔、货币计量、业务实体分离等。
这些准则和原则为提供了一个统一的框架，确保财务报表的准确性和可比性。
最后，让我们来介绍一下财务审计。
财务审计是对公司财务报表的独立检查和评估。
审计师会对财务报表的真实性、合规性和完整性进行审核。
财务审计的目的是确保财务报表的准确性，并提供独立的意见。
通过财务审计，投资者和利益相关方可以获得对公司财务状况的信心。
作为企业运营的重要组成部分，涉及到众多知识点和技能。
以上所介绍的只是其中的一部分。
了解财务报表、财务指标、会计准则和财务审计等知识点，可以帮助我们更好地理解和分析公司的财务状况和业绩。
对于投资者、管理者和其他利益相关方来说，掌握这些知识，将有助于做出明智的决策，并促进企业的可持续发展。
西方财务会计考试试题及答案
西方财务会计考试试题及答案一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1、反映企业流动性的比率主要有和。
2、“财务报告必须披露足够的信息，使‘相当慎重的投资者’在决策时不致误解”指的是这一条会计基本原则3、股票若超过面值发行时，则超过的部分在“”账户登记。
4、存货核算有两种方法，即与。
5、成本与市价孰低规则是这一会计基本原则的应用。
6、备抵坏账是的对销账户。
7、会计恒等式:资产=+。
二、不定项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1、以下只涉及非流动性项目的经济业务不影响营运资本（）。
A、用债券换取固定资产B、将债券更换为普通股或者优先股C、用股票换取固定资产D、用现金偿还应付账款2、在交货条件为“起运站交货，运费预付”的情况下，运费的支付者与承担者是（）。
A.买方代卖方垫付运费，卖方实际承担运费B.卖方代买方垫付运费，买方实际承担运费C.买方支付并承担运费D.卖方支付并承担运费3、随着应付票据偿还期间的消逝，应付票据贴现折价（）。
A、应转记为利息收益B、应转记为利息费用C、不必转记任何账户D、转记为应付票据4、以下账户可称为“实账户”（）。
A、资产类账户B、收益类账户C、费用类账户D、负债类账户5、基于持续经营（企业）假设，企业（）。
A、以历史成本作为企业经济资源的计价基础B、对长期资产计提折旧和摊销C、进行外币折算D、进行企业偿债能力的计算三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1、简述负债比率的计算公式和意义。
（留空6行）2、永久性差异和暂时性差异的含义是什么？是否都需要进行所得税的跨期摊配？（留空6行）3、在商业企业中，通常设置哪几种特种日记账？设置和使用这些特种日记账比只使用一本普通日记账有何好处？（留空6行）4、在物价上涨时，比较先进先出法和后进先出法对纳税利益的影响。
（留空6行）四、判断下列结论正确与否，并简要说明理由。
（每题4分，共16分）1、现金流量表中本期以现金支付的所得税是根据本期所得税费用额确定的。
（）理由：（留空3行）2、现金股利一经宣布就成为公司的流动负债。
自考高级财务会计第1章外币会计
指：在利润表中确认折算金额。 采用现行汇率法（我国），外币报表折算差额作 递延处理；采用时态法时，外币报表折算差额列 为当期损益。
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四、我国外币会计报表的折算
和外币负债项目，均根据编制报表日的现行汇率 （及期末汇率）进行折算，因而它是一种单一汇 率法。
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（四）时态法： 它是指要求现金应收和应付项目（包括流动
与非流动的）按资产负债表编制日当时现行汇率 换算，其他资产和负债则依其特性分别按现行汇 率和历史汇率换算。
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国际会计准则委 员会要求各国“从现 行汇率法和时态法中 选择其一进行外币报 表折算”。
• 两项交易观点被认为符合公认会计准则。
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三、我国外币交易的会计核算
（一）我国外币交易会计的核算原则 我国采用两项交易观点的第一种方法，遵循 以下原则：
• 1、外币账户采用复币记账。 • 2、采用即期汇率与即期近似汇率折算记账本
位币金额。（外币交易应当在初始确认时， 采用交易发生日的即期汇率或即期近似汇率 折算为记账本位币） • 3、对所有外币账户的余额要按月末汇率进行 调整。
） （2009年10月)
A．外币账户同时用记账本位币和外币记账
B．按照企业所在东道国货币确定记账本位币
C．对所有外币账户的余额按月末汇率进行调整
D．采用单项交易观或者两项交易观进行会计核 算
E．采用即期汇率与即期近似汇率折算为记账本 位币金额
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第三节 外币会计报表的折算
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一、外币会计报表折算的意义
（实际上是现行汇率法）
英国会计科目
英国会计科目
英国会计科目包括但不限于：
1. 资产：现金、应收账款、库存等。
2. 负债：应付账款、借款等。
3. 所有者权益：资本、留存收益等。
4. 成本：购买成本、制造成本等。
5. 收入：销售收入、利息收入等。
6. 费用：人员成本、租金成本等。
此外，英国会计科目还包括金融会计、高级金融理论、公司金融、金融分析、经济和金融中的经济计量学、金融衍生物、金融决策理论、定量金融概论、金融经济计量学、风险管理、衍生证券、概率和随机过程、金融时间序列、货币和金融的经济学、货币和银行、国际金融、银行战略和绩效、金融体系和国际货币等。
在核算方法上，英国广泛采用借贷记账法，即资产和费用都采用借方记账，负债、所有者权益和收入都采用贷方记账。
同时，每一笔会计凭证需要有相等的借贷两个方向，保持会计平衡。
这种方法的优势是能够清晰地反映出企业的财务状况和经营业绩。
以上内容仅供参考，如需更多信息，建议查阅英国会计准则或咨询专业会计师。
西方会计学知识点归纳总结
西方会计学知识点归纳总结会计学是一门研究如何记录、分析和报告财务交易的学科。
它在商业世界中起着至关重要的作用，为企业和个人提供了各种财务信息。
西方会计学是会计学的一个重要分支，它主要关注美国和欧洲等西方经济体的会计准则和实践。
本文将对一些西方会计学中的重要知识点进行归纳和总结。
1. 财务报表财务报表是会计学中最基本的概念之一。
它由资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表组成。
资产负债表反映了企业在特定日期的资产、负债和股东权益的情况。
利润表显示了企业在一定时期内的收入、费用和利润情况。
现金流量表记录了企业在一定时期内的现金流入和流出情况。
2. 会计准则会计准则是规范会计实践的原则和理念。
国际会计准则委员会（IASB）制定了国际财务报告准则（IFRS），它被许多国家和地区采纳。
美国则采用了美国财务会计准则（GAAP）。
这些准则为公司制定了一套标准的会计规则和程序，确保了财务报表的准确性和可比性。
3. 会计方程会计方程是会计核算中的基本原则。
它表达了资产、负债和所有者权益之间的关系，即“资产=负债+所有者权益”。
这个方程要求财务报表中的所有交易都要遵循会计方程的平衡原则。
4. 会计分录会计分录是将财务交易记录在会计账簿中的过程。
每一笔交易都需要编制相应的会计分录，以记录该交易对财务状况和财务报表的影响。
会计分录通常包括账户名称、金额和交易类型。
5. 会计周期会计周期是指进行会计核算和编制财务报表的时间段。
常见的会计周期包括月度、季度和年度。
每个周期结束时，企业需要进行结账和汇总，以便编制准确和可靠的财务报表。
6. 账户分类账户分类是将财务交易按照性质和目的进行归类的过程。
常见的账户分类包括资产、负债、所有者权益、收入和费用。
正确的账户分类可以为企业提供准确的财务信息，并帮助管理者做出正确的决策。
7. 记账方法记账方法主要包括现金基础会计和权责发生制会计。
现金基础会计是在现金收付时记录交易，适用于小型企业和个人财务。
财务会计英语unit1课件
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
• Expense (费用) are the gross outflow of economic benefits resulted from the course of ordinary activities resulting in decreases in owner’s equity caused by the business’ revenueproducing operations, other than the decreases from distributions of profits to owners.
Section 3 Journalizing and Posting
Section 4 Financial Statements
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements • 1.1 The accounting equation
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
Current assets (流动资产) are short-term assets including cash, bank deposit, accounts receivable, inventory, etc. Fixed assets (固定资产) are non-current assets, including land, buildings, equipment, furniture, etc. Intangible assets (无形资产) are also non-current assets, including patents, copyrights, licenses, franchises, goodwill, etc.
财务会计1-4章习题参考答案
财务会计课后习题参考答案Chapter 1 Accounting Matters!Question 7The monetary unit assumption requires that only transaction data capable of being expressed in terms of money be included in the accounting records. An important part of the monetary unit assumption is the added assumption that the unit of measure remains sufficiently constant over time. The assumption of a stable monetary unit has been challenged because of the significant decline in the purchasing power of the dollar. The profession has recognized this problem and encourages companies to disclose the effects of changing prices.Question 10One of the advantages Teresa Speck would enjoy is that ownership of a corporation is represented by transferable shares of stock. This would allow Teresa to raise money easily by selling a part of her ownership in the company. Another advantage is that because holders of the shares (stockholders) enjoy limited liability, they are not personally liable for the debts of the corporate entity. Also, because ownership can be transferred without dissolving the corporation, the corporation enjoys an unlimited life.EXERCISE 1-31. (c) 5. (d)2. (d) 6. (b)3. (a) 7. (e)4. (b) 8. (f)EXERCISE 1-7(a) Total assets (beginning of year)....................................................... $ 97,000Total liabilities (beginning of year) ......................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85,000Total stockholders’ equity (beginning of year)................... …………..$ 12,000(b) Total stockholders’ equity (end of year).............................. ……..$ 40,000Total stockholders’ equity (beginning of year)...................................... 12,000Increase in stockholders’ equity .......................................... ………….$ 28,000Total revenues.................................................................................... $215,000Total expenses .................................................................................... 175,000Net income.............................................................................. ……..$ 40,000Increase in stockholders’ equity .................... ………………………$ 28,000Less: Net income ........................................................ $(40,000)Add: Dividends .......................................................... 24,000 (16,000)Additional investment ..................................... …………………….$ 12,000(c) Total assets (beginning of year)......................................................... $129,000Total stockholders’ equity (beginning of year)........................................... 75,000Total liabilities (beginning of year) .......................................................... $ 54,000(d) Total stockholders’ equity (end of year) ........................................ $130,000Total stockholders’ equity (beginning of year)........................................ 75,000Increase in stockholders’ equity............................................................ $ 55,000Total revenues...................................................................................... $100,000Total expenses.......................................................................................... 55,000Net income............................................................................................. $ 45,000Increase in stockholders’ equity............................................................ $55,000Less: Net income ............................................................... $(45,000)Additional investment.......................................................... (25,000) (70,000) Dividends................................................................................................ $15,000BYP 1-2(a) (in millions) PepsiCo Coca-Cola1. Total assets $25,327 $27,3422. Accounts receivable (net) $ 2,830 $ 2,0913. Net sales $26,971 $21,0444. Net income $ 3,568 $ 4,347(b) PepsiCo’s total assets were approximately 7% less than Coca- Cola’s total assets, and PepsiCo’s net sales were 28% greater than Coca-Cola’s net sales. In addition, PepsiCo’s accounts receivable were 35.3% greater than Coca-Cola’s and represent 10.5% of its net sales. Coca-Cola’s accounts receivable amount to 9.9% of its net sales. Both PepsiCo’s and Coca-Cola’s accounts receivable are at satisfactory levels, being comparable to a 30-day collection period. PepsiCo’s net income was 82% of Coca-Cola’s. It appears that these two companies’ operations are comp arable in some ways, with Coca-Cola’s 2003 operations slightly more profitable.Chapter 2 The Recording ProcessQuestion 2Disagree. The terms debit and credit mean left and right respectively.Question 14(a) No, debits and credits should not be recorded directly in the ledger.(b) The advantages of using the journal are:1. It discloses in one place the complete effects of a transaction.2. It provides a chronological record of all transactions.3. It helps to prevent or locate errors because the debit and credit amounts for each entry can be readily compared.EXERCISE 2-2General JournalDate Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Jan. 2 Cash 15,000Common Stock 15,0003 Equipment 4,000Cash 4,0009 Supplies 500Accounts Payable 50011 Accounts Receivable 1,800Service Revenue 1,80016 Advertising Expense 200Cash 20020 Cash 700Accounts Receivable 70023 Accounts Payable 300Cash 30028 Dividends 1,000Cash 1,000EXERCISE 2-7a)General JournalDate Account Titles and Explanation Debit CreditOct. 1 Cash ......................................................................... 5,000Common Stock................................................................................................ 5,000 (Investment of cash in business in exchange for stock)10 Cash (650)Service Revenue (650)(Received cash for services provided)10 Cash ........................................... ...................... 3,000Notes Payable.................................................................................................. 3,000 (Obtained loan from bank)20 Cash (500)Accounts Receivable (500)(Received cash in payment of account)20 Accounts Receivable (940)Service Revenue (940)(Billed clients for services provided)(b) MAXIM CO.Trial BalanceOctober 31, 2006Debit CreditCash $ 8,200Accounts Receivable. 1,240Supplies 400Furniture 2,000Notes Payable $ 3,000 Accounts Payable 500Common Stock 7,000 Dividends 300Service Revenue 2,390Store Wages Expense 500Rent Expense 250BYP 2-2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PROBLEM(a) PepsiCo Coca-Cola1. Inventory: debit 1. Accounts Receivable: debit2. Property, Plant, and Equipment: debit 2. Cash and Cash Equivalents: debit3. Accounts Payable: credit 3. Cost of Goods Sold: debit4. Interest Expense: debit 4. Sales (Revenue): credit(b) The following other accounts are ordinarily involved:(1) Increase in Accounts Receivable: Service Revenue or Sales is increased (credited).(2) Decrease in Wages Payable: Cash is decreased (credited).(3) Increase in Property, Plant, and Equipment: Notes Payable is increased (credited) or Cash is decreased (credited).(4) Increase in Interest Expense: Cash is decreased (credited).Chapter 3 Adjusting the AccountsQuestion 2The two generally accepted accounting principles that relate to adjusting the accounts are:The revenue recognition principle, which states that revenue should be recognized in the accounting period in which it is earned.The matching principle, which states that efforts (expenses) be matched with accomplishments (revenues).EXERCISE 3-4General JournalDate Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit1. Jan. 31 Accounts Receivable (875)Service Revenue (875)2. 31 Utilities Expense (630)Utilities Payable (630)3. 31 Depreciation Expense (400)Accumulated Depreciation—Dental Equipment (400)31 Interest Expense (500)Interest Payable (500)4. 31 Insurance Expense ($21,000 ÷ 12).............................. 1,750Prepaid Insurance .............................................................................................. 1,7505. 31 Supplies Expense ($1,600 – $600).................... ………..1,000Supplies ........................................................................................................... 1,000 EXERCISE 3-9General JournalDate Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Aug. 31 Accounts Receivable (600)Service Revenue (600)31 Office Supplies Expense........................................... 1,600Office Supplies........................................................................................... 1,60031 Insurance Expense.................................................... 1,500Prepaid Insurance.......................................................................................... 1,50031 Depreciation Expense............................................... 1,300Accumulated Depreciation—Office Equipment .................................................... 1,30031 Salaries Expense .............................................................. 1,100Salaries Payable ......................................................................................................... 1,10031 Unearned Rent (900)Rent Revenue (900)EXERCISE 3-10VILLA COMPANYIncome StatementFor the Year Ended August 31, 2006RevenuesService revenue .......................................................................................................... $34,600 Rent revenue ............................................................................................................... 11,900 Total revenues..................................................................................................... 46,500 ExpensesSalaries expense................................................................................... $18,100Rent expense......................................................................................... 15,000Office supplies expense......................................................................... 1,600Insurance expense.................................................................................. 1,500Depreciation expense............................................................................. 1,300Total expenses ..................................................................................................... 37,500 Net income.......................................................................................................................... $ 9,000VILLA COMPANYRetained Earnings StatementFor the Year Ended August 31, 2006Retained earnings, September 1, 2005................................................................................ $ 5,600 Add: Net income ................................................................................................................. 9,000 Retained earnings, August 31, 2006................................................................................... $14,600VILLA COMPANYBalance SheetAugust 31, 2006Assets Cash..................................................................................................................................... $10,400 Accounts receivable.............................................................................................................. 9,400 Office supplies. (700)Prepaid insurance .................................................................................................................. 2,500 Office equipment ........................................................................................... $14,000Less: Accum. depreciation—office equipment ................................................ 4,900 9,100Total assets ......................................................................................................................... $32,100Liabilities and Stockholders’ EquityLiabilitiesAccounts payable .............................................................................................................. $ 5,800 Salaries payable.................................................................................................................... 1,100 Unearned rent.. (600)Total liabilities .......................................................................................................... 7,500 Stockholders’ equityCommon stock..................................................................................................................... $10,000 Retained earnings......................................................................................... 14,600 24,600 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity ............................................................................ $32,100BYP 3-7HAPPY TRA VEL COURTIncome StatementFor the Quarter Ended March 31, 2006RevenuesRental revenue ($90,000 – $20,000)................................................................................. $70,000 ExpensesWages expense [$29,800 + ($350 X 2)]................................................................ $30,500 Advertising expense ($5,200 + $110)...................................................................... 5,310 Supplies expense ($6,200 – $1,300)……………………………………………. ... 4,900Repairs expense ($4,000 + $260) ............................................................................. 4,260 Insurance expense ($7,200 X 3/12)........................................................................... 1,800Utilities expense ($900 + $180) ............................................................................... 1,080 Depreciation expense . (800)Interest expense ($12,000 X 10% X 3/12) (300)Total expenses...................................................................................................................... 48,950 Net income............................................................................................................................. $21,050(b) The generally accepted accounting principles pertaining to the income statement that were not recognized by Alice were the revenue recognition principle and the matching principle. The revenue recognition principle states that revenue is recognized when it is earned. The fees of $20,000 for summer rentals have not been earned and, therefore, should not be reported in income for the quarter ended March 31. The matching principle dictates that efforts (expenses) be matched with accomplishments (revenues) whenever it is reasonable and practicable to do so. This means that the expenses should include amounts incurred in March but not paid until April. The difference in expenses was $8,250 ($48,950 – $40,700). The overstatement of revenues ($20,000) plus the understatement of expenses ($8,250) equals the difference in reported income of $28,250 ($49,300 – $21,050).财务会计习题答案2012春Chapter 4 Completion of the Accounting CycleP 4-1A8(b)UNDERCOVER ROOFING INC.Income StatementFor the Month Ended March 31, 2006RevenuesService revenue...................................................................................................................... $3,170 ExpensesSalaries expense......................................................................................... $1,050Supplies expense (960)Depreciation expense (200)Miscellaneous expense (200)Total expenses......................................................................................................................2,410 Net income ............................................................................................................................ $ 760UNDERCOVER ROOFING INC.Retained Earnings StatementFor the Month Ended March 31, 2006Retained earnings, March 1................................................................................................ $2,000 Add: Net income .. (760)2,760 Less: Dividends (600)Retained earnings, March 31 ............................................................................................ $2,160UNDERCOVER ROOFING INC.Balance SheetMarch 31, 2006AssetsCurrent assetsCash ............................................................................................................................. $2,500 Accounts receivable ..................................................................................................... 1,800 Roofing supplies. (140)Total current assets ................................................................................................. 4,440 Property, plant, and equipmentEquipment ..................................................................................................... $6,000Less: Accum. depreciation—equipment.......................................................... 1,400 4,600 Total assets........................................................................................................................... $9,040 Liabilities and Stockholders’ EquityCurrent liabilitiesAccounts payable............................................................................................................... $1,400 Salaries payable.. (350)Unearned revenue (130)Total current liabilities ................................................................................................. 1,880 Stockholders’ equityCommon stock ................................................................................................................ $ 5,000 Retained earnings ............................................................................................................... 2,160 Total stockholders’ equity......................................................................................................... 7,160 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity.................................................................................. $9,040 (c)General JournalDate Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Mar. 31 Supplies Expense (960)Roofing Supplies (960)31 Depreciation Expense (200)Accumulated Depreciation (200)31 Unearned Revenue (170)Service Revenue (170)31 Salaries Expense (350)Salaries Payable (350)(d)Mar. 31 Service Revenue....................................................... 3,170Income Summary..................................................................................................... 3,170 31 Income Summary ................................................... 2,410Salaries Expense.................................................................................................... 1,050Supplies Expense (960)Depreciation Expense (200)Miscellaneous Expense (200)31 Income Summary (760)Retained Earnings (760)31 Retained Earnings (600)Dividends (600)财务会计习题答案2012春P 4-5A财务会计习题答案2012春12。
目录--财务会计学1
财务会计［美］ 瓦尔特·Ｔ·哈瑞森 Ｊｒ 查尔斯Ｔ·亨格伦主译 韩洁参译者 姚亚平 孙铨 刘菲 周小梅 赵锦 张彩云目录第一章 财务报表 管理决策 投资决策会计－－决策的基础 决策者对会计信息的使用 财务会计和管理会计 会计道德和商业道德会计的一般原则及其概念 会计主体 客观性原则 成本计价原则 持续经营 货币计量会计等式： 资产和负债 所有者权益财务报表 损益表 综合所得 利润分配表 资产负债表经营活动、投资活动、筹资活动现金流量表各财务报表之间的关系复习难点 附：会计在企业中的地位第二章 会计信息的处理 会计科目 资产 负债 所有者权益交易的会计处理 企业交易活动与财务报表 预习难点复习难点 Ｔ型帐户 在帐户中的增加或减少 所有者权益帐户的增加 收入和费用日记帐的编制 将日记帐过到总帐 会计数据的流程，将理论用于实践 过帐后的帐户试算平衡表 更正会计错误 帐户组织表 帐户的余额 四栏式的帐户格式复习难点附录：不同的行业的帐户组织表第三章 权责发生制与财务报表商业循环权责发生制与收付实现制的比较 权责发生制的会计与现金流 会计分期 收益原则 配比原则财务报表的更新：项目调查 预提费用 固定资产折旧 应计收入 未实现的预收收入 调整分录汇总试算平衡表依据试算平衡表编制财务报表 报表之间的关系复习要点 权责发生制会计中职业道德风险结帐资产负债表的详细分类 Ｈａｗａｉｉａｎ航空公司财务报表分析财务报表的格式 资产负债表的格式 损益表的格式财务报表分析：比率法 流动比率 债务比率复习难点第四章 内部控制和现金管理内部控制 建立一个有效的内控系统 内控的局限性用银行存款帐户作为控制手段 银行存款余额调节表 管理者和所有者如何利用银行存款余额调节表复习难点汇总营业周期现金管理 加快现金的收回现金收入的内控现金支出的内控 支票签发的控制 小额现金的控制现金预算管理资产负债表中现金的列示道德和会计 公司和职业道德准则第五章 应收帐款与短期投资基本概念短期投资（有价证券） 持有到期的投资 交易投资 短期投资在资产负债表上的列示 投资损益在损益表上的列示复习难点应收帐款和应收票据 应收款项的类型不同 建立一个加强应收款收回的内空环节 所有应收款项均有收不回的风险对坏帐的会计处理及备抵法 备抵法 坏帐的估计方法 销售百分比法及帐龄分析法 直接冲销法应收票据 应收票据的核算 加速现金流动的方法 利用会计信息作出决策 酸性测试比率 平均收额期应收款项与短期投资事项在现金流量表中的反映 复习难点第六章 存货、销货成本、毛利交易从服务主体到商品持有者 存货成本存货核算的基本概念 销货成本模型 管理者怎样确定销货量存货计价方法 先进先出法、后进先出法及加权平君法对损益的影响 后进先出法对所得税的影响存货计价方法的比较复习要点与存货相关的会计原则 一贯性原则 披露原则 配比原则 谨慎原则 市价与成本孰低法存货计价错误的影响存货核算中的职业道德 财务报表分析 永续盘存制 存货内控制度存货计价方法 毛利率法存货交易事项在现金流量表中的列示详细的损益表附录：Ａ、定期盘存制中存货的核算 Ｂ、怎样分析存货计价方法由后进先出法改为先进先出法对公 司损益的影响。
现代西方会计理论
现代西方会计理论一、名词解释财务会计概念框架(Conceptual Framework Of Financial Accounting)：财务会计概念框架是由财务会计目标和与之相关联的基本概念所组成的一个连贯的、协调的，具有内在一致性的严密体系。
它根据新形势下会计实务的规范化要求进行概括，指导未来会计准则的制定与发展，确定财务报告的目标和宗旨，维护FASB的权力、地位和利益。
包含：①会计目标（受托责任观、决策有用观）发挥提供会计信息资源的功能；②会计信息的质量特征③财务会计及其报告要素（以经济业务中经济利益的流动为主线来界定会计要素）④财务报告要素的确认和计量⑤财务报告及其构成会计实证法(Accounting Positive Approach)：揭示和预测现实中会计方法程序的应用。
现提出理论假设，然后进行验证和预测的一种会计研究方法。
资本公积(Capital Reserves)：指归所有者共有的、非收益转化而形成的资本，企业收到股东出资额超过其所占注册资本或股本的比例的部分，以及直接计入所有者权益的利得与损失，包括资本（股本）溢价和其他资本公积。
资本公积是资本额积累和储蓄，可以通过法定程序转为正资本（准资本）。
公允价值(Fair Value)：在自由竞争的市场结构和各利益相关主体信息对称的前提下，资产或负债在现行交易中以非关联的交易多方自愿或多方认可的公平的交易价格。
我国引入公允价值是适度、谨慎和有条件的，包括在活跃市场上有相同或相似资产或负债的报价信息，或不存在或与市场而采用市场法、收益法和成本法等估值技术确定的公允价值。
股东财富：股东作为目标企业的投资人所投入企业的资本及资本增值，股东权益即资本和增值部分的权力和利益；表现为所有者权益的账面价值（净资产，以历史成本计量，所反映的企业资产真实性欠佳）、内在价值（企业未来现金流量现值，但难以准确估算）和股价（市场对股票的未来预期，受市场供求关系影响）。
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The second level explains financial elements and characteristics of information.
The third level incorporates recognition and measurement criteria.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Management Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting accounting information for internal users who have direct access to the information preparing.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
1.3 THE FASB’S FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1.3-1 Objectives of the Conceptual Framework
The Framework is to be the foundation for building a set of coherent accounting standards and rules.
The Conceptual Framework
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts. These statements constitute the conceptual framework of accounting.
The Framework is to be a reference of basic accounting theory for solving emerging practical problems of reporting.
1. Framework ---- Three levels of objectives elements and principles
Accounting information and decision makers
Accounting information
Financial accounting
External Decision makers
Management Accounting
Internal Decision makers
西方财务会计1
2020/8/9
Chapter 1
The Financial Accounting Conceptual Framework And The Accounting Equation
1.1 ACCOUNTING
A service activity ---- Provide useful information about economic entities to interested parties
GAAP
Generally accepted accounting principles are the measurement rules used to develop the information in financial statement. They are those guidelines which indicate how to report economic events. They consist of a number of concepts,principles and procedures.
And a measurement-communication activity---The usefulness of accounting information depends on effective measurement of the economic activities and effective communication of those measurements to users of that information.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has the authority to determine the financial statements to be provided to stockholders and the measurement rules applied in producing the statements. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is currently recognized as the group responsible for establishing GAAP.