大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 3(2) 增译与减译
外国语毕业论文-简谈翻译技巧之—增译法与减译法
简谈翻译技巧之—增译法与减译法On Translation Techniques-----Amplification and OmissionHe YuLin何玉林Under the Supervision ofLiao HongSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2006Contents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)Introduction (III)Chapter 1Brief Introduction (1)1.1The Definition of Translation. (1)1.2The Definition and Importance of the Two Techniques (1)Chapter 2Amplification and Omission. (3)2.1 Amplification (3)2.1.1 Structural Amplification (4)2.1.2 Semantic Amplification. (6)2.1.3 Rhetorical Amplification. (7)2.1.4 Exteriorized Amplification (7)2.1.5 Words Supplied for Syntactic Construction and Semantic Completion (8)2.1.6 Supplying the Omitted words in the Original Text in Translation (10)2.1.7 Supplying Category Words (10)2.1.8 Supplying Overlapping Words or Numerals to Express the Plural Form of Nouns (11)2.2Omission (12)2.2.1 English---Chinese Translation (13)2.2.2 Chinese---English Translation (16)Chapter3S imilarities between the Two Translation Techniques (19)Conclusion (21)Notes (22)Bibliography (23)Acknowledgement (24)摘要本文以翻译技巧------增译法和减译法为核心，详细论述了两种翻译技巧在翻译中的具体运用和作用。
大学英语三-Unit-3-Why-I-Teach课文及翻译
大学英语三-Unit-3-Why-I-Teach课文及翻译Unit 3 Why I TeachPeter G. BeidlerEvery teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are the reasons for choosing teaching as a career? Do the rewards teaching outweigh the trying comments? Answering these questions is not a simple task. Let's see what the author says.Why do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn't want to be considered for an administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "step up" toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in class!Why, then, do I teach?I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and August offer an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material is the same, I change ——and, more important, my students change.I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students. As a teacher, I'm my own boss. If I want my freshmen to learn to write by creating their own textbook, who is to say I can't? Such courses may be huge failures, but we can all learn from failures.I teach because I like to ask questions that students must struggle to answer. The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I sometimes find good questions.I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world. I once taught a course called "Self-Reliance in a Technological Society." My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley. They kept diaries. They wrote term papers.But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a run-down house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it. At the end of the semester, we would the house, repaid our loan, paid or taxes, and distributed the profits among the group.So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.I have left out, however, the most important reasons why I teach.One is Vicky. My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. She wrote articles and sent them off to learned journals. She did it all herself, with an occasional nudge from me. But I was there when she finished her dissertation,learned that her articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a book developing ideas she'd first had as my student.Another reason is George, who started as an engineering student, then switched to English because he decided he liked people better than things.There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her classmates because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project. I was here when she came back. I was there when she told me that she later became interested in the urban poor and went on to become a civil rights lawyer.There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of us learn by analysis. Jacqui has decided to finish high school and go to college.These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in front of me. Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. But I have money. I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading, talking with people, and asking question like, "What is the point of being rich?"And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love.Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and begins to breathe. Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better.I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.我为何教书你为什么教书呢？当我告诉我的朋友我不想做任何行政职务时，他向我提出了这个问题。
现代大学英语精读3(第二版)翻译unit1 2 3 5
现代大学英语英语精读3（第二版）翻译一单元1 他对他的研究如此专心致志，从来没有过很快就要退休的念头。
He is so devotedto his research that it never occurs to him that he will soon have to retire.2 很多人都曾说过，如果没有有效的制约，我们都有滥用权力的倾向。
Many people have observed that without effective checks we all have a tendency to abuse our power.3 有些国家拒绝卷入这一争端，而且他们对外国的干涉非常反感。
some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.4 控制沙尘暴需要大量的工作和资金。
The control of sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of work and money.5 你们用这些技术的时候，必须考虑到当地的条件。
You have to take the local conditions into consideration when you apply these technologies.6 所有的申请者都必须填好这些表格，然后邮寄50美元的报名费。
All applicantswill have to fill out these forms and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars.7 他根据对孩子们行为的观察得出结论：学习是一种自然的乐观。
Based on his observation of children’s behavior, he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure.8 在一个多民族的国家里，各民族之间的和谐需要小心处理。
大学英语 实用翻译教程3
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2.2 词汇翻译技巧
• 根据语义上和修辞上的需要增加动词、形容词、名词、副 词；增加表达名词复数的词、增加表达时态的词、增加量 词、增加概括词、增加承上启下的词。 1) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转换成能量，能量可以转化为物质。 2）It will make a man of him in the college. 在那所大学里，一定能把他造就成堂堂的男子汉。 3) He began to see things and to understand. 他开了眼界，明白了一些事理。 4）After the thunderstorm, the clouds melted away. 雷雨过后，乌云渐渐散去。
教学内容
第二章 翻译的基础知识与技巧
2.2 词汇的翻译技巧 复习概念(词语的分隔、多枝共干） 2.2.1 增词法 2.2.2 重复法 课堂练习 课后作业
教案2
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.1 增词法（英译汉）：
增词法：所谓增词法，就是在原文的基础上添加 必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使译文 在语法、语言形式上符合汉语的习惯并使译文在 文化背景、词语联想方面与原文保持一致，以达 到译文与原文在内容、形式和精神方面对等起来 的目的。这种翻译技巧叫做增词法。
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
• 根据句法上的需要1.增补原文中省略部分、2.增补表示逻 辑关系的词语、3.增补/重复同位语结构中的先行词 1)We don’t retreat，we never have and never will. 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。 2)The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是最强有力的人也不能改变自然法则。 3)Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity. 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电能
增译法与减译法（）
增译法与减译法翻译时无法一个萝卜一个坑，将原文中每一个词转换成译文中的另一个词，而应该有所增减，即有时需要在译文中增加一些原文字面上没有的词语，有时则需要将原文需要而译文显得多余的词省去不译，前者称为增译法，后者称为减译法。
不管增词还是减词，目的都是为了使译文变得更加通顺流畅，符合译入语的行文习惯。
增译法与减译法在英汉互译中运用相当广泛，一般而言，增词和减词具有互逆性，即英译汉时需增词的场合汉译英时往往需要减词；反之，英译汉时需要减词的场合汉译英时需要增词。
弥合语法差异的需要：英汉在语法上存在某些明显的差异，如英语有冠词，汉语则没有；英语多用代词，汉语虽然也用，但远不如英语那样频繁；英语介词丰富，被称为“介词的语言”，汉语则介词很少，英语中很多需要用介词的地方，汉语要么用动词来替代（注意引导学生注意在汉译英时当句中动词有多个时可以考虑能否用介词来翻译某些动词，即所谓的词类转移法，从而避免大量使用动词的汉语式句子的出现），要么不用；英语多用关联词语，汉语则少强调意念的连贯性；汉语多用助词表示各种语气用关联词语，主要靠逻辑关系来铺排句子，，英语则没有语气助词。
因此，英译汉时，可根据具体语境省略原文的冠词和某些代词、介词、关联词等，有时则可适当增加一些语气助词；汉译英则相反，多要省略原文的语气助词，而根据英语行文的需要适当增加一些冠词、代词、介词和关联词。
关于冠词英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词，因此在英译汉时往往可以将冠词省略。
例如：1)A teacher shouldhave patienc e in his work. (省略表示类别的不定冠词)2)The horse is a useful animal.(省略表示类别的定冠词)3)The earth goes aroundthe sun. （省略表示独一无二的定冠词）4) A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainm ents but no virtue.5)He left without saying a word. （不定冠词a 或an 指“一”时不省）6)Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile. （不定冠词a 或an 指“每一”时不省）7)The childre n are of an age. （不定冠词a 或an 指“一”时不省）这些孩子们都是同岁的。
《大学英语实用翻译教程》课后习题答案(完整版)
《大学英语实用翻译教程》参考答案第二章第一节练习一：一、1．保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题，但这不过是问题的一个方面而已。
2．这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。
3．科学已成为力量的一种源泉，不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。
4．建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。
5．查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头，后来内战爆发，并在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。
6．在开辟第二战场之前，美国步兵精神饱满，营养充足，还没有在战斗中受过创伤。
练习二：一、1．已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。
2．每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。
3．城乡之间的差别依然存在。
4．那一年，建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。
5．这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。
6．凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解答的问题上。
练习三：1．所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。
2．他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。
3．各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。
4．个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。
5．解放前，这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问，结果经常发生地方性病疫。
6．他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。
第二章第二节练习一：一、1．我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。
2．第二天一早，饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后，他们便动身了。
3．你愿意别人如何待你，你就应该如何待别人。
4．这部打印机真是物美价廉。
5．我七岁时就会织毛衣。
6．钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。
二、1．He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.2．Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.3．The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. And the tongue is used for tasting.4. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.5．As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night.6．Internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse.练习二：一、1．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
大学英语教材第三册翻译
大学英语教材第三册翻译第一篇：Unit 1: SocietyIntroduction:In this unit, we will focus on the topic of society. We will explore various aspects of society, such as social relationships, cultural differences, and social issues. Through translation exercises, we will enhance our understanding of these concepts and develop our translation skills.Translation Exercise 1: Social RelationshipsTranslate the following passage from Chinese to English:社会是一个复杂的网络，由各种社会关系所构成。
这些关系包括家庭关系、友谊关系以及商业关系等等。
一个人的社会关系直接影响着他的生活和幸福感。
Translation Exercise 2: Cultural DifferencesTranslate the following passage from English to Chinese:Cultural differences can be observed in many aspects of life, including language, customs, and traditions. It is important to respect and appreciate these differences, as they contribute to the richness and diversity of our world.Translation Exercise 3: Social IssuesTranslate the following passage from Chinese to English:社会问题是我们必须面对和解决的挑战。
现代大学英语精读3Unit2课文翻译及课文知识重点
Book3 Unit21.show off弄2.Let ’s say比方3.get up a show安排一演出4.right out理解地；底5.run down an alley沿⋯跑下去6.go broke破7.give credit8.fool around游手好9.hardware store五金店10.liven up使⋯有生气11.make sb look like a fool 使 sb 看起来很傻12.just the same完整一；仍旧；只管13.be intimate with与⋯十分密14.take charge of掌管15.slip off溜出去16.get word得悉；悉17.get hold of找到；获得；抓住18.have sb licked打 sb19.thick with sb与⋯好友善20.call it quits停止（争，争执，比）21.show up露面22.a couple of shots少许（几口）23.down and out困落魄的24.slap it on the table的一声把sth扔到桌子上25.You bet确实，自然，必定26.hush it up27.lead down into a valley通往；通向28.strick out on one ’s own独立做strick sth out除strick out to/into/for sth朝特定的方向定行29.be ashamed of惭愧30.dirt road泥路，土路31.grand marshal指32.strike v.sb 印象；工；撞；使生某种感情strike fear into people ’s heartssb 于⋯状strick blindn. 工on strick好运（一次，一回）；（运气）忽然来，有时生Eg： That was a wonderful stroke of luck.33.remember vremember sb/sth得；起（ remember of ）remember that得remember doing得做remember sb doing sth得某人做remember to do sth得去做remember how/why/whatbe remembered for be remembered as 因⋯而被念因⋯被34.credit n.，信；学分光荣属于⋯，功于⋯；give sb credit for sth把sth功于sb⋯增光的人（物）sb be a credit to sth35.cover v.覆盖；掩饰；占地面；走一段距离；包含；掩（事）n.from cover to cover底地，从到尾36. sympathize with=sympathy for = be sympathetic to sb怜悯37. go out of mindgo over仔go off走开出；爆炸go on持；go along行某象；活go into；研究go under破go for合用于；喜go in for追赶；从事；参加考go after追求；法获得go with与⋯搭配；go together相当；go about sth着手做38. for my taste不是我的口胃；不是我喜的型；就我的体来看39.see to it保证see sb through sth足以持sb的sth40.culture lag文化落差41.object to doing反做 sthTranslation1.他的包含了全部共同感趣的重要。
大学英语实用翻译(3)
正反表达
Excuse me. 对不起。（原文正面表达，译文反面表达） “Don’t stop working,” he said.（反面） 他说，继续做吧。（正面） This would cover my absence from the base. 这就为我不在基地提供了合法外衣。 Note:运用此类技巧注意词类转换
正反表达
这里所谓正反表达主要指英语中用否定词(no, not)或带有否 定词缀的词(de-,dis-,im-,in-,-less)等。汉语中使用“不，非， 无，没有，未”等词。 翻译时，有时从正面和反面表达都行得通。如correct既可译 为“正确”，又可译成“没有毛病”。要根据上下文选用一 种更确切表达原文思想内容的说法。 He stepped into the insecure building.(反－正) He knew he was mortally ill.(正－反) Without reasoning one is apt to be beyond control. 他走进那所危楼。 他知道他得的是不治之症。（adv.-adj.) 没有理智容易变成不受约束。(prep.-v.)
双重否定
并非所有的肯定型双重否定句都一定是加强 句子的语气的。还有一些双重否定句尽管在 意义上是肯定的，但比起直接的肯定句，语 气可能会有所减弱。 John is not unable to do it. 约翰还是挺能干的。
双重否定
加强肯定语气 弱化肯定语气 加强否定语气 委婉型双重否定
正反表达：反－正（单词）
Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably. He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. It was said that someone had sown discord among them. 很多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的事。 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。 据说有人在他们中间挑拨离间。
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 3(2) 增译与减译
Amplification for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
根据语法需要，汉译英时常增译代词、介词、连接词等。
1）增加代词 作者在小说中表达出他对祖国的爱。 The writer expresses his love for his motherland in his novels. 2）增加介词 仓库重地，不准吸烟。 Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 3）增加连接词 实际上，并不是所有人都知道热胀冷缩的原因。 In fact, not all people knoபைடு நூலகம் the reason why matters expand when heated and contract when cooled.
汉译英中的语法减译的情况。 1）她会读个书写个字。 She can read and write.
Omission for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
（省略做宾语的名词）
2）她像照看自己的孩子一样照看那些孤儿。 She looked after the orphans as carefully as after her own children. （省略动词） 3）左侧右侧各有一门，一通饭厅，一通书房。 A door on the left leads to the dining room and one on the right to the study. （省略概括词） 4）中国过去不曾、现在没有、将来也不会对世界能源安全 构成威胁。 China did not, does not and will not pose any threat to the world‟s energy security. （省略表示时态的时间概念词）
新标准大学英语3重点课文翻译
欢迎阅读happy."29????He paused.30????"So you want to travel?" he asked. 31????"Yes," I replied. 32????"Better get you a passport. And you want to be a writer?"33????"I think so." 34????"Interesting choice. We've never had a writer in the family," he said. 35????My father started the motor and we set off back home. 没出过作家呢，”他说。
???????我父亲发动了马达，我们返航回家。
Unit3-1How we listen 我们是怎样听音乐的mental effort, for we do itinstinctively .11????Perhaps an analogy with whathappens to us when we visit the theater willmake this instinctive correlation clearer. Inthe theater, you are aware of the actors andactresses, costumes and sets, sounds andmovements. All these give one the sensethat the theater is a pleasant place to be in.They constitute the sensuous plane in ourtheatrical reactions.12????The expressive plane in the theaterwould be derived from the feeling that youget from what is happening on the stage.You are moved to pity, excitement, orgaiety . It is this general feeling, generatedaside from the particular words beingspoken, a certain emotional somethingwhich exists on the stage, that is analogousto the expressive quality in music.13????The plot and plot development isequivalent to our sheerly musical plane. Theplaywright creates and develops a characterin just the same way that a composercreates and develops a theme. According tothe degree of your awareness of the way inwhich the artist in either field handles hismaterial will you become a more intelligentlistener.14????It is easy enough to see that thetheatergoer never is conscious of any ofthese elements separately . He is aware ofthem all at the same time. The same is trueof music listening. We simultaneously andwithout thinking listen on all three planes.感受到的，主要是存在于舞台上的某种情感的东西，与音乐的表现性相类似。
大学英语第二版综合教程三第二单元课文翻译
第二单元你的爱有多深有人认为爱如浮云有人认为爱坚强如铁有人认为爱是一种生活方式有人认为爱是一种感觉有人说爱要执着有人说爱不要约束有人说爱是生命的全部有人说不知道爱为何物在我们生命中的某个阶段，我们会经历难以名状的情感。
这种情感只能体会，无法用语言描述。
莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感一同降临，这就是爱。
在紧张忙碌的生活中，我们竟能找到时间，沉湎于感情之中，这的确令人感佩。
然而，此时我想知道：我们是否懂得爱到底有多么深刻。
记得上学的时候，我迷恋的对象真是数不清：我的数学老师、邻居的儿子、好朋友的弟弟，还有另外一些因为眼睛的颜色、胡子的形状或走路的姿势而让我倾慕的人。
年少时的爱慕，不会带来伤害，如肥皂泡一样转瞬即逝。
那些稚气、大胆的想法和行为，现在想来大可一笑了之。
但是，在那时，对我来说，没有比恋爱更重要的事了。
接着就进入了真正“谈”情“说”爱的阶段。
我在女子学校学习，和男孩子交往的机会寥寥无几，因此，我热切地期待着我们学校和男子学校举办的交谊会。
交谊会上，一群精心打扮的年轻男子毫无顾忌地盯着我们。
这三个小时中的点点滴滴，成了我们在以后四个星期中足够的谈资，我们在议论时，心情澎湃。
即使是在那个时候，我也没有真正交男朋友的需要。
在我的成长岁月中，不知何故，我相信爱情该来的时候自然会来。
事实果真如此。
当我有了稳定的工作，有了长期的计划和比较安定的生活（我现在还不到25岁呢！）时，爱情降临了。
我也比较成熟了，能够步入不贪图许多回报而需要大量付出的感情关系。
我的爱情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。
爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。
我和我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心，投入了丰富的感情，才使爱情发展到今天。
爱情意味着情投意合。
Unit3SocialProblems新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译
Unit 3 Social ProblemsLatchkey Childre n —Kno ck, Kn ock. Is An ybody HomeIn the Un ited States the cost of liv ing has bee n steadily rising for the past few decades. Food prices, cloth ing costs, hous ing expe nses, and tuiti on fees are constantly getting higher and higher. Partly because of financial need, and partly because of career choices for pers onal fulfillme nt, mothers have bee n leavi ng the traditional role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been taking salariedjobs outside the home.Maki ng such a sig ni fica nt role cha nge affects the en tire family, especially thechildren. Someconsequences are obvious. For example, dinnertime is at a later hour.The emotional impact, on the other hand, can be more subtle. Mothers leave home in the morning, feeling guilty because they will not be homewhen their children return from school. They suppress their guilt since they believe that their work will ben efit every one in the long run. The in come will en able the family to save for college tuition, take an extended vacation, buy a new car, and so on.The emotional impact on the children can be significant. It is quite commonfor childre n to feel hurt and rese ntful. After all, they are alone several hours, and they feel that their mothers should "be there" for them. They might need assistanee with their homework or want to share the day's activities. All too ofte n, however,the mothers arrive home exhausted and face the immediate task of preparing dinner. Their priority is making the evening meal for the family, not engaging in relaxed con versati on.Latchkey children range in age from six to thirteen. Ona daily basis they return from school and uniock the door to their homewith the key hanging around their necks. They are now on their own, alone, in quiet, empty rooms. For some youn gsters, it is a productive period of private time, while for others it is a frightening, Ionelyvoid. For reas ons of safety, many pare nts forbid their childre n to go out to playor to have visitors at home. The youn gsters, therefore, feel isolated.Latchkey childre n who were in terviewed reported diverse react ions. Some latchkey children said that being on their own for a few hours each day fostered, or stimulated, a sense of in depe ndence and resp on sibility. They felt loved and trusted, and this feeli ng en couraged them to be self-c on fide nt. Latchkey girls, byobserv ing how their mothers coped with the dema nds of a family and a job, learned the role model of a working mother. Some children stated that they used their unsupervised free time to perfect their athletic skills, such as playing basketball. Others read books or practiced a musical instrument. These children looked upon their free time after school as an opport unity for pers onal developme nt. It led to positive,productive, and valuable experie nces.Con versely, many latchkey childre n expressed much bitter ness, rese ntme nt, andan ger for being made to live in this fashi on. Many claimed that too much resp on sibility was placed on them at an early age; it was an overwhel ming burde n.They were little people who really wan ted to be protected, en couraged, and caredfor through atte nti on from their mothers. Comi ng home to an empty house was disappointing,Ionely, and often frightening. They felt abandoned by their mothers.After all, it seemed to them that most other children had "normal" families whose mothers were "aro un d," whereas their own mothers were n ever home. Many childre n turned on the televisi on for the whole after noon day after day, in order to diminish feeli ngs of isolati on; furthermore, the voices were comforti ng. Freque ntly, they would doze off.Because of either econo mic n ecessity or stro ng determ in ati on for pers onal fulfillme nt, or both, the phe nomenon of latchkey childre n is widespread in our society. Whatever the reason, it is a compelling situation with which families must cope. The question to ask is not whether or not mothers should work full-time. Givenv1.0可编辑可修改the reality of the situati on, the questio n to ask is: how can an optimum pla n be worked out to deal effectively with the situati on.It is advisable for all members of the family to express their feelings andconcerns about the in evitable cha nge can didly. These remarks should be discussedfully. Many factors must be take n in to con siderati on: the childre n's pers on alityand maturity, the amount of time the children will be alone, the safety of theneighborhood, accessibility of help in case of an emergency. Of supreme importaneeis the quality of the relati on ship betwee n pare nts and childre n. It is most importa nt that the childre n be secure in the kno wledge that they are loved. Feeli ng loved provides in valuable e moti onal stre ngth to cope successfully with almost anydifficulty that arises in life.挂钥匙的孩子一一笃、笃，家里有人吗在过去的几十年中，美国的生活费用一直在持续增长。
新标准大学英语3课后翻译单元(中英对照)
新标准大学英语3 课后翻译〔中英对照〕：Unit1：英译汉：1 、We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o’clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (☞and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride …这句的动词wear 后面带两个宾语，中文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成四个中文短句；翻译 like medals proving their diligence时，采用“增词法〞增加“这些〞来概括前面所描写的“眼袋〞，“脸色苍白〞，“睡眼惺忪〞等，使译文含义更加明晰流畅。
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 3(1) 直译与意译
根据《圣经》故事《马太福音》（20: 2-16，Matthew）： 葡萄园主招人到园里工作，议定一天一钱银子。他清早雇用了一 批工人，11 小时之后，快收工时，他又雇用了一批。收工时，迟来的 和早来的一样，都获得一钱银子工资。早来晚来，报酬都一个样，何 必早来呢？真是“来得早不如来得巧”，不如在关键、最后决定时刻 来。自从有了这个故事以后，人们便大量使用 at the eleventh hour 这 个成语，含义也固定下来，成为“最后（关键、危急）时刻”。
Liberal Translation 意译
在汉译英时，也可采用类似的方法来表达不为西方读者 所熟悉的意向或含义。 1）两岸同胞要加强交往，促进经济文化交流，继续拓展 领域、提高层次，推动直接“三通”。 The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, promote economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade. 2) 我过去受的那些委屈和刺激，比起他来，简直就是小 巫见大巫，算不了什么。 What little pain and adversity I’ve experienced so far are simply nothing compared to what he' s gone through.
3.1.2 意译（Liberal Translation ）
全新版大英第三册(第二版)课文翻译(超级详细准确的哦!)
5 In between such chores, I manage to spend 50 to 60 hours a week at the typewriter or doing reporting for the freelance articles I sell to magazines and newspapers. Sandy, meanwhile, pursues her own demanding schedule. Besides the usual household routine, she oversees the garden and beehives, bakes bread, cans and freezes, drives the kids to their music lessons, practices with them, takes organ lessons on her own, does research and typing for me, writes an article herself now and then, tends the flower beds, stacks a little wood and delivers the eggs. There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place like this -- and not much for the virtuous either. 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。
新版大学英语3课后翻译(全) 中文+英文
Translation1.你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼．2.总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康，受到了更好的教育．3.待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住．4.每天他都留出点时间跟家里人在一起，享受生活．5.我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父母亲手拉手走路的情景．6.他最终辜负了父母的期望．7.相比之下，我们的用油量大幅度上升了。
8.经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点1)Y ou should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.（spend time on sth/ indoing sth）2)In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. (than ever before)3)When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4)Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5)I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6)He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.7)In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8)He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.第二单元翻译部分出题时用的汉语版本（仅供参考）：1.她穿了一件有玫瑰图案的衣服。
2.海伦为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课后翻译(第二版)
大学英语综合教程3课后翻译Unit11.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题不大。
We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.2.父亲去逝的时候我还小,不能独立生活。
就在那时，家乡的父老接过了教育我的责任。
My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point.3.这些玩具必须得达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。
The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。
Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5.至于这本杂志，它刊载了世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。
When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.十年之前，南希做了许许多多美国人梦寐以求的事。
她辞去了经理职位，在邻近地区开了一家家用器材商店。
像南希这样的人作出这种决定主要是出于改善生活质量的愿望。
然而，经营小本生意绝非易事。
在失去稳定的收入后，南希不得不削减日常开支。
有时候她甚至没有钱支付她所需要的种种保险的费用。
有一次她连电话费也付不起，只得向她的父母亲借钱。
新标准大学英语3unit2-culturalchildhoods原文+译文
新标准大学英语3u n i t2-C u l t u r a l C h i l d h o o d s原文+译文(总7页)本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.MarchCultural Childhoods不同文化的童年1 When I look back on my own childhood in the 1970s and 1980s and compare it with children today, it reminds me of that famous sentence "The past is a foreign country: They do things differently there" (from L. P. Hartley's novel The Go-Between). Even in a relatively short period of time, I can see the enormous transformations that have taken place in children's lives and in the ways they arethought about and treated.每当我回顾20世纪七八十年代我的童年时光，并将它与现在孩子的童年相比较时，就会想起句名言：“往昔是异国他乡，那里有着不同的习俗”（可参见.哈特利的小说《传信人》）。
甚至在相对短暂的一段时间内，我也能够察觉到儿童的生活以及人们对待儿童的方式上所经历的巨大变化。
further back I can see vast differences between contemporary and historical childhoods. Today, children have few responsibilities, their lives are characterized by play not work, school not paid labour, family rather than public life and consumption instead of production. Yet this is all relatively recent. A hundred years ago, a 12 year old working in a factory would have been perfectly acceptable. Now, it would cause social services' intervention and the prosecution of both parents and factory owner.回顾更久远的岁月，我可以看到现在和古代童年生活的巨大差别。
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别再提它了。让过去的事过去吧。
7. 增加概括词 In quality, style and reporting The Guardian is equal with The Times. 在质量、风格和报道三个方面，《卫报》和《泰晤士 报》不相上下。 8. 增加省略的动词 Industry is fortune‟s right hand, and frugality her left. 勤劳是财富的右手，节俭是她的左手。
3.2.1 英汉互译中的增译 一. 语法增译 三. 修辞增译 3.2.2 英汉互译中的减译 二.意义增译
一.语法减译
三.修辞减译
二.意义减译
Reference Key to Exercise Three
3.2
增译与减译
增译法（Amplification）：按句法或意义上的需要添加一
些必要的词语或句子成分，使译文准确、流畅、自然。 减译法（Omission）：在翻译中省去一些不符合译文语言习 惯或可有可无的表达，使译文能自然、简洁地传达原文的思 想内容。
二. 意义增译（Amplification for Semantic Purpose ）
1. 为满足译文表达清楚，符合译入语习惯的需要 1）Cambridge was founded in the 13th century. 剑桥大学创建于13世纪。 2）Maybe America didn‟t need art and inner miracles. It had so many outer ones. The USA was a big operation, very big. The more it, the less we. 或许美国并不需要艺术和内在的奇迹，因为它外在的 奇迹早就够多的了。美国本身就是一大宗投机买卖， 非常非常大。它掠夺得越多，我们剩下的也就越少。
5. 增加副词 1）Hills melt into the sky.
群山渐渐没入天际。 2）Virus thrives in humidity. 病毒在潮湿的环境中 繁殖较快。
Amplification for Grammatical Purpo Nhomakorabeae 语法增译
6. 增加语气助词 Don‟t mention it. Let bygones be bygones.
A Practical Course in English-Chinese Translation
Pre-learning Translation 1) 平等协商 2) 互利双赢
3) The mainland‟s Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits 4) Taiwan‟s Straits Exchange Foundation
Sun Moon Lake
Reference 1) equal consultations 2) mutual benefit and win-win progress 3) 海协会（海峡两岸关系协会） 4) 海基会（海峡交流基金会）
3. 翻译基本技巧（二）： 直译与意译、增译与减译 3.2 增译与减译
3.2.1
英汉互译中的增译
一.语法增译（Amplification for Grammatical Purpose ）
1. 增加量词 A good companion is better than a fortune. 一个好友胜过一笔财富。 2. 增加表示名词复数的词 You must know the properties of the instrument before you use it. 在使用这些仪器前,必须弄清它的各种性能。
Amplification for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
2）The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of other ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践经验,会比从其他普通病人得到的多。 3）When the exploration was completed, the two astronauts on the moon would join the moonship once more. 完成勘查工作之后,登上月球上的两个宇航员便会重新回到船 舱内。
Amplification for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
3. 增加表示时态和语态的词 In secret we met In silence I grieve 你我当年暗中相见， 我今日悲痛难言。 4. 增加名词
George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)
1) A new kind of aircraft — small, cheap, pilotless — is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种 飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。
(接前：4. 增加名词) 在翻译某些抽象名词时需要在该词后增加一个适当的 名词, 使译文更加符合中文习惯。
Amplification for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
根据语法需要，汉译英时常增译代词、介词、连接词等。
1）增加代词 作者在小说中表达出他对祖国的爱。 The writer expresses his love for his motherland in his novels. 2）增加介词 仓库重地，不准吸烟。 Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 3）增加连接词 实际上，并不是所有人都知道热胀冷缩的原因。 In fact, not all people know the reason why matters expand when heated and contract when cooled.