水轮机专用中英文对照术语
水轮机专用中英文对照
水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机的专用中英文对照术语及简单名称解释2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation2.6 机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine（S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stage pump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3蜗壳spiral case4.1.4座环stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键split key4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device 4.1.26 剪断销shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal4.1.33 抗磨板facing plates，wear plates4.1.34 导叶限位块guide vane stop block4.1.35 导叶接力器guide vane servomotor4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件rotating component4.1.41 转轮runner4.1.42 叶片blade4.1.43 上冠crown4.1.44 下环band4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate4.1.50 主轴main shaft4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt4.2 轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
水轮机常用英语词汇
A安装高程setting elevation安全阀safe valve安装图wiring layout Installation diagram按合同in accordance with contractB布置图arrangement plan比转速specific speed比例增益proportional gain补气air admission air supply补气装置air supply device电压器transformer本图只供电站设计时参考this drawing is for design reference 备用16件spare parts 16 pieces标准件standard components不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machineryC冲击式水轮机impuls turbine操作架crosshead初生空化系数incipient cavitation factor初始压力initial pressure尺寸图dimensional drawing××尺寸暂定the measurements of ××is tentative 出厂workshop初步设计preliminary design侧视Side-view测速装置speed senser测压管pipe of measuring pressure测频单元frequency senser厂房地平groundD导水机构distributor垫圈washer顶盖headcover top cover底环bottom ring导水机构distributor导叶guide vane导叶臂guide vane lever rocker arm导叶连杆~ link导叶过载保护器~ overload protection device导叶止推轴承~ thrust bearing导叶轴承~ bearing导叶轴guide vane shaft导叶销guide vane pin导叶轴套guide vane bushings导叶轴密封~ stem seal导叶端面密封~ end seal导叶立面密封~ seal导叶限位块~ stop block导叶接力器individual ~导轴承guide bearing导叶轴压盖the gland of guide Vane shaft导流盖diversion cover导流部分diversion part大气压atmospheric pressure电机motor低压力under pressure调查报告report of investigation电液调速器electro-hydraulic governor电液转换器/电液伺服electro-hydraulic transducer/servovalve 低压机组LV units电源electricity supply电压voltage电流current（主）断路器（main）circuit breaker地脚孔anchor bolt hole地钩fixation hook地脚螺栓foundation bolt吊环螺钉lifting eye screw吊环rings吊钩lift hook镀锌管galvanized pipe电站预埋embedded by power station电站配割焊welding and cutting电站自行设计designed by power station电站自备power station self-provided丁氰橡胶thiakol rubber单耳止动弹圈one ear stop spring coil灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine蝶阀butterfly valveE额定rated峨眉山市驰骋机械Emeishan Chicheng Machinery Co.,Ltd 二期混泥土Second ConcreteF反击式水轮机reaction turbine分半键split key飞逸runaway speed飞逸特性曲线runaway speed curve分段关闭装置step closing device辅助接力器auxiliary servomotor辅助设备auxiliary equipment封面surface plot负载on load辅助常闭auxiliary normally close封水座seal block（pedestal of seal water）封水装置seal water devise发电机出风道generator vents方向自定direction customised方头短圆柱锥端紧定螺钉square set screws with short dog point and cone end放水阀drain valve放水旋塞drain cock放水管盖offlet cover发电机generatorG孤立运行isolated operation工作油压operating oil pressure工作油压上限/下限upper /lower limit of operating oil pressure 功率（表）power（meter）工况operating condition固定导叶stay vane固定盘fixed plate贯流式水轮机tubular turbine工程竣工图completion drawing规范Specification盖形螺母cap nut钢steel钢垫steel liners钢背复合自润滑材料steel backing composite self-lubricatingmaterial管路部分pipe sectionH混流式水轮机Francis turbine蝴蝶阀butterfly valve缓冲装置damping device缓冲器dashpot缓冲装置时间常数time constant of damping device电气缓冲electrical damper焊接welding后盖板back cover回油箱oil sump tankJ接力器servomotor接力器行程servomotorst roke接力器最短关闭时间minimum servomoter closing time 机坑里衬pit liner接管connecting pipe径向力radial force机械效率mechanical efficiency绝对压力absolute pressure加权平均水头weighted average head净水头net head进水管water inlet进人门mandoor检修密封stand still seal剪断销shear pin基础环foundation ring机组unit技术设计technical design机械液压调速器mechanical hydraulic governor截止阀globe valve减压板decompression plate接地栓grounding spigot静态特性static characteristic加速时间常数derivative time constantK可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery可调油轴承adjustable oil bearing控制环regulating ring抗磨板facing plates抗磨滑块wear slider block空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空化系数cavitation factor开关保险丝switch-fuse空气开关air-operated switch扩大初步设计enlarging preliminary design开度限制机构opening limit mechanism空载no-load可控硅SCR开槽圆柱头螺钉slotted pan head screwL漏油箱leak oil tank流量discharge力特性force character临界空化系数critical cavitation factor联轴螺栓couping bolt连杆link连杆装配link assembly立式机组vertical unit励磁屏excitation screen螺母nut连板铜套copper cover with plate六角薄螺母hexagon thin nut六角头螺栓hexagon headed bolt螺尾锥销nut tail cone pin螺旋扣turnbuckle（尾水管）拉钩the drag hook of （tail water）拉环suspension link拉板pulling plate连接法兰coupling flangeM埋入部件embedded component摩擦装置friction device毛水头gross head目录list明细表order sheet灭磁de-excitation面板panel密封环sealing ringN内螺纹旋塞阀internal-thread plug valve内接头internal-thread connecting tubeOO型密封圈O-seal ringP平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve through flow butterfly valve平键key旁通阀by-pass valve盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve配压阀distributing valve排至集水井lead the water into the collector well排水孔drain hole排水管drain pipe排水阀座pedestal of draw off valve平垫圈plat washer偏心销eccentric pin爬梯ladderQ驱动器driver球阀rotary valve ball valve spherical valve起励initial excitation前盖板front cover全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unitR软启动器soft-starter热敏开关thermo switch人工（频率）死区单元S死区dead band甩负荷load rejection手动运行manual operation事故低油压tripping oil pressure双漏油器double oil-filter双调整调速器double regulating governor水力矩hydraulic torque水流惯性时间常数water interia time constant水推力hydraulic thrust水封压板seal pressure plate射流入射角jet inclined angle射流直径jet diameter水轮发电机组hydroelectric generating set水锤water hammer水封装配seal water assembly水力机械hydraulic machinery水导轴承装配assembly of the bush of water flowing diversionbearing式中type in输入功率input power输出功率power output梳齿密封座comb-tooth-type Seal block（下/上）梳齿环（upper/ below）comb-tooth ring设计水头design head速度水头elocity head受油器oil head上冠crown双击式水轮机double-flow turbine cross-flow turbine施工图设计construction design设计规范design specification示意图Diagrammatic sketch施工图Working drawing说明书Instruction book水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine scoop turbine双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine受油器oil head输入（输出）功率input（output）power水力的hydraulic水力机械hydraulic machinery水电站hydropower station双头螺柱stud三通旋塞three way cock竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbineT通流式调速器through flow type governor推拉杆push and pull rod调速轴regulating shaft（governor shaft）调速耳座speed lug调速环铜套copper sheathing of speed ring调速机构speed institutions（regulating mechamism）调速系统governing system弹垫圈spring washer通用件standard parts铜套copper bushUVW蜗壳spiral case蜗室剖面图section plane views蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose尾水闸门tail water sluice gate尾水管draft tube tail water piping尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part尾水管支墩~ pier尾水管里衬~ liner外购procurement卧式horizontal unitX斜流式水轮机inclined jet turbine diagonal turbine 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine下环band下游最低尾水位the minimum tail-water level泄水锥runner cone discharge cone协连装置combination device相序采样phase sequence sampling橡胶条rubber橡胶轴承rubber bearing橡胶圈rubber ring橡胶管rubber pipe选用select旋塞阀plug valve旋转方向direction of rotation相似工况similar operating condition协联工况combined condition现场焊缝field weldingY压力罐式调速器governor with pressure tank压盖gland油压装置oil pressure supply unit油箱座tank block油箱tank引导阀pilot distributing valve引水室flume叶片blade叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion叶轮impeller圆柱销cylindrical pin圆锥销taper pin压板pressure plate预埋至机坑embedded into foundation pit永态转差系数permanent speed droop一期混泥土First Concrete一件 a piece of（水轮机）运转特性曲线（turbine）performance curveZ整体设计overall design总图general drawing总装图general installation drawing装配图assembly drawing组合件assemblies组画Section drawing主视图top view主图Master plane闸阀gate valve止回阀check valve轴流式水轮机axial turbine轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine真空破坏阀vacuum break valve座环stay ring锥形尾水管conical draft tube肘形尾水管elbow draft tube肘型管elbow转动部件rotating component转轮runner止漏环wearing ring轴套shaft sleeve轴领guide bearing collar轴瓦guide bearing shoe轴承体guide bearing housing轴承座bearing support轴承架bearing retainer转轮室runner chamber支持盖inner head cover支撑环support ring支墩buttress dam转轮体runner hub转叶机构mechanism of runner blade转轮叶片接力器runner blade servomotor最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head中间接力器pilots ervomotor中间轴承the middle bearing主配压阀中间位置meutral position of main distributing vavle主阀main valve整流回路rectification circuit最低尾水位min tail water level锥管段cone主轴密封mail shaft seal暂态转差系数temporary speed droop止推垫片stopping shim装配assembly罩子cover直锥尾水管straight tap直通旋塞straight through type cock针形阀needle valve组焊件assembly and welding part导轴承guide bearing（水轮机）综合特性曲线（turbine）efficiency hill diagram，combined characteristic curve最优比转速optimum specific speed专用工具special tool1、本图仅供机组布置情况特征尺寸，有关基础及水工布置情况电站自行设计。
水轮机部分名称中英文对照讲解学习
3.1水轮机反击式水轮机reaction turbine混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine轴流式水轮机axial turbine轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine（S－type turbine）斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）单级水泵水轮机singal stage pump-turbine多级水泵水轮机multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门蝴蝶阀butterfly valve平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate球阀rotary valve，spherical valve盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve 针形阀needle valve旁通阀by-pass valve直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机埋入部件embedded component引水室（turbine）flume蜗壳spiral case座环stay ring蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose基础环foundation ring，discharge ring尾水管draft tube锥形尾水管conical draft tube肘形尾水管elbow draft tube尾水管锥管draft tube cone尾水管肘管draft tube elbow尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part尾水管支墩draft tube pier尾水管里衬draft tube liner机坑里衬pit liner导水机构distributor导叶guide vane，wicket gate控制环regulating ring，operating ring导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever分半键split key导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device 剪断销shear pin摩擦装置friction device导叶轴承guide vane bearing导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal导叶端面密封guide vane end seal导叶立面密封guide vane seal抗磨板facing plates，wear plates导叶限位块guide vane stop block导叶接力器guide vane servomotor单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod调速轴regulating shaft转动部件rotating component转轮runner叶片blade上冠crown下环band泄水锥runner cone转轮密封装置runner seal转轮止漏环runner wearing ring固定止漏环stationary wearing ring 转轮减压板decompression plate 主轴main shaft导轴承guide bearing轴领guide bearing collar轴瓦guide bearing shoe轴承体guide bearing housing 主轴密封装置main shaft seal检修密封stand still sealr。
水轮机英语专业名词
水轮机英语专业名词Hydraulic Turbine Terminology.Introduction.Hydraulic turbines are key components in hydroelectric power generation, converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy that can be used to generate electricity. They are complex machines with a dedicated vocabulary that is essential for professionals working in this field. This article aims to provide a comprehensive glossary of technical terms related to hydraulic turbines, including their components, operations, and maintenance.1. Turbine Types.Kaplan Turbine: A type of propeller turbine with adjustable blades, suitable for low to medium heads and high flows.Francis Turbine: A mixed-flow turbine with fixed vanes and adjustable blades, common in medium to high head applications.Pelton Turbine: A reaction turbine with buckets attached to a runner, ideal for high heads and low flows.Turgo Turbine: A reaction turbine with fixed nozzles and a turbine runner, suitable for medium heads and flows.2. Turbine Components.Runner: The rotating part of the turbine that converts water energy into mechanical energy.Blades/Buckets: The individual elements attached to the runner that interact with the water flow.Stator: A fixed assembly of vanes that directs the water flow onto the runner blades.Draft Tube: A section that guides the water away fromthe turbine, reducing pressure and improving efficiency.Shaft: The rotating axis that connects the turbine runner to the generator.3. Turbine Operations.Gate Regulation: The adjustment of turbine inlet gates to control water flow and turbine output.Load Rejection: The ability of the turbine to quickly adjust its output in response to a sudden decrease in load.Cavitation: The formation of vapor bubbles within the turbine due to sudden pressure drops, potentially causing damage.4. Turbine Maintenance.Overhaul: A comprehensive maintenance procedure that includes the disassembly, inspection, and repair of turbine components.Blade Polishing: The process of smoothing and cleaning turbine blades to restore their efficiency.Leakage Testing: Examining the turbine for leaks that can affect its performance and efficiency.5. Performance Parameters.Head: The difference in water level between the inlet and outlet of the turbine, measured in meters.Flow Rate: The volume of water passing through the turbine per unit time, typically measured in cubic meters per second (m³/s).Efficiency: A measure of how effectively the turbine converts water energy into mechanical energy, expressed as a percentage.6. Turbine Control.Governor: A device that controls the speed and output of the turbine by regulating the water flow.Automation System: A suite of sensors and controllers that monitor and adjust turbine operations to maintain stable output and prevent damage.Conclusion.The terminology related to hydraulic turbines is extensive and covers various aspects of their design, operation, and maintenance. Understanding these terms is crucial for professionals working in the field of hydroelectric power generation, enabling them to communicate effectively, diagnose problems, and optimize turbine performance. As the field continues to evolve, it's important to stay updated with new terminology and technologies.。
水力机械专业词汇中英文
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液压元件 Hydraulic Elements
水轮机原理及水力设计 Principles of Water-Turbine Engine & Design of Water Engine
水轮机原理与CAD Principle of Water-Turbine Engine & CAD
水轮水力设计 Hydraulic Design of Water Engine
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engineering thermodynamics 工程热力学
水轮机专用词汇
水力机械，(简称水机，包括水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机）的专用词汇－－作者：stpeter－－水力机械，(简称水机，包括水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机）的专用词汇1主题内容与适用范围水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机（以下总称水力机械，简称水机）的专用术语。
适用于制订标准，编写和翻译手册、教材、书刊以及图纸设计等用途。
2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery实现水流机械能和固体机械能之间互相转换的机械。
2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine把水流能量转换成旋转机械能的水力机械。
2.3 蓄能泵storage pump抽水蓄能电站中将水从下游提升至上游的水泵。
2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine既可作水轮机运行又可作蓄能泵运行的水力机械，亦称可逆式水轮机。
2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation从发电机轴端看到的转轮［叶轮］的旋转方向。
贯流式水轮机则从上游向下游方向看水泵水轮机的旋转方向取水轮机工况的旋转方向。
2.6 机组unit用于发电或抽水蓄能的水力机械和电机的组合装置。
2.7 水轮机进口测量断面inlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机进口水流能量的断面［图1（a）、图1（b）、图1（c）、1断面］。
2.8 水轮机出口测量断面outlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机出口水流能量的断面［图1（a）、图1（b）、图1（c）、2断面、图1（d）、3断面］。
2.9 蓄能泵进口测量断面inlet measuring section of storage pump靠近吸水管或蓄能泵壳进口处的商定断面［图1（e）、图1（f）、2断面］。
2.10 蓄能泵出口测量断面outlet measuring section of storage pump对于开敞式排流渠道，为靠近蓄能泵出口处的商定断面［图1（g）、1断面］；对于封闭管道，为排水阀上游靠近蓄能泵压水室处的商定断面［图1（e）、图1（f）、1断面］。
水轮机专用英文
一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation2.6 机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine 3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine 3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine （S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine 3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stage pump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3 蜗壳spiral case4.1.4 座环stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键split key4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device4.1.26 剪断销shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板facing plates，wear plates4.1.34导叶限位块guide vane stop block4.1.35导叶接力器guide vane servomotor4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor 4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件rotating component4.1.41 转轮runner4.1.42 叶片blade4.1.43 上冠crown4.1.44 下环band4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate4.1.50 主轴main shaft4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
水轮机调节系统的专用术语(中英文对照)
接力器最短关闭时间
minimum servomotor closing time
接力器最短开启时间
minimum servomotor opening time
接力器容量
servomotor capacity
柜体
端子箱
terminal box
配电箱
distributor box
speed sensing device
测频单元
frequency module
测速信号源
speed signal source
测频模块（残压）
frequency measuring module(residual voltage)
测频模块（齿盘）
frequency measuring module(fluted disc)
（机械）开度限制机构
(machanical) opening limiter
电气开度限制单元
electrical opening limiter
转速调整机构
speed adjusting mechanism, speed changer
功率给定单元
power setting module
频率给定单元
liquid level transmitter
自动补气装置
air auto supply device
油混水信号器
oil-water mixing announcitor
空气滤清器
air filter
软启动器
soft-starter
星三角启动器
star-delta starter
热敏开关
thermo switch
水轮发电机英语词汇
水轮发电机英语词汇Shutdown actuating protection停机联动保护Protection actuation for generator-transformer set 发变组保护联动引出压板Outlet connecting strip矩阵插点Matrix pin 失磁低阻抗field - loss low impedance 开相闭锁open - phase block 95% 定子接地保护95% protection against stator earth fault转子一点接地保护rotor - one point earth protection 220KV侧CT补偿变流器变比：0.43/1 Transformation ratio of CT compensated current transformer on 220KV side：0.43/1发电机侧CT补偿变流器变比：3.72/1 Transformation ratio of generator CT compensated current transformer ：3.72/1 椭圆率ellipticity Connecting strip 压板YH=voltage transformer Steel gasket钢纸垫Disconnectors隔离刀闸earthing blades接地刀闸Hoist电动葫芦，卷扬schematic diagram 示意图dotted line block 虚线框restrain excitation inrush current 抑制励磁涌流weight balance "hammer"重操作箱锤bevel wedge斜楔air admission hole 进气口single-side gap单边间隙trial operation试运行Bulkhead防水壁one and half breakers一个半断流器（接线方式）percussive drilling冲击钻探Storage battery电瓶6.3KV busbar supplies service power of plant（6.3KV）母线供应厂用电Oil head受油器oil receiver油罐air receiver 储气罐Stop valve截止阀check valve 止回阀non-return valve逆止阀gate valve闸阀Nameplate (data plate)铭牌rated value整定值generator longitudinal differential protection发电机纵差保护变比=电流变化比例系数current change proportion coefficient/ transformation radio 防水门bulkhead gate 架平台erect the necessary scaffold；scaffold脚手架国电东北公司人力资源部主任Section Chief of Human Resources of Northeast Branch of National Power Corporation 厂长director put in service in grid并网发电=operate in grid=incorporatein power network zero-initial step-up voltage test零起升压试验SCR silicon controlled rectifier 可控硅visual annunciator(alarm)光字牌integrate theory with practice理论联系实际Impulse Closing T est for Main T ransformer= closing switches at the high voltage side and supply power for main transformer. 合脉冲变试验breach破裂，裂口standby diesel generating unit, bottom gates MS6 (lifting& lowering), work out制定To adjust operation mode of system and equipment to achieve safe, stable and economic operation. To execute weekly program of changing-over operation modes of equipment, V aseline 凡士林petroleum jelly (=petrolatum)凡士林油, 矿油,石油膏on load带负荷starting under load带负荷起动connect in parallel并联measure insulation 摇绝缘wind tunnel/ channel风洞flexible circuit conductor软接手earth dam土坝penstock水渠surge tank浪涌槽tailrace 尾水irrigation canal灌溉渠step-up substation递升变电站switchyard 开关站quadrate方形的reinforced concrete加固混凝土attached drawing附图water intake进水power generation(generate electricity)发电irrigation-discharging pipe灌溉排水管, at the intake of the penstock水渠入口, air hole气孔vertical-cylindrical type立柱式Pressure steel pipe压力钢管emergency gate快速门trash rack拦污栅Water sump and drainage equipment集水和排水设备on the left of the powerhouse. Operating oil tank操作油箱insulate oil system绝缘油系统sidewall边墙，侧壁overhead transmission line变送线sigle-busbar connection单母线接线The two units are directly connected with 6.3KV busbar, the voltage stepped up to 34.5KV through an transformer, and linked up with local power system through transformer lines.Hand-operated standby unit手动备用机组Dynamic water动态水prevent the aggravation of the accident防止事故恶化the state of overhauling大修状态hydraulic turbine-generator unitand auxiliary equipment水轮发电机组和附属设备synchronous generator同步发电机/ 配套发电机parameter参数runner diameter 转轮直径efficiency效率guarantee保证range of steady operating稳定运行范围maximum guaranteed output最大保证出力in no-load以空载inlet pipe进水管distributor导水机构draft tube尾水管hydroenergy (potential energy and kinetic energy)水流的能量(位能和动能) transform into转换成mechanical energy机械能(pl) 用法说明Full directions inside内附详细说明书couples with 同…联接can achieve to startup or stop unit, incorporate in power network, add or reduce load.能实现开机、并网、增减负荷和停机。
水轮机词汇
一、TYPE OF TURBINETurbineWater turbineWater wheel turbineHydraulic turbineHydraulic prime moverVertical shaft turbineVertical type turbineHorizontal shaft turbineHorizontal type turbineReaction turbineOverpressure turbineFrancis turbineRadial-axial flow turbineMixed flow turbineInward-flow turbineCentrevent turbineAxial flow hydraulic turbineAxial water turbinePropeller turbineAdjustable and fixed-blade propeller hydraulic turbine Movable-blade propeller turbineVariable-pitch propeller turbine Adjustable-blade propeller turbine Pressure turbineKaplan turbineFixed-blade propeller turbine Fixed-pitch propeller turbine Nagler turbineMixed flow variable turbine Diagonal flow turbineDeriaz turbineCentripetal turbineRadial flow turbineImpulse turbineAction turbineConstant-pressure turbine Pelton turbineScoop turbineJet-type impulse turbinePelton wheelImpulse wheelTangential flow turbineTurgo impulse turbineDouble turgo turbineInclined-jet turbineAxial flow impulse turbineSingle jet type turbineTwo-jet type turbineMulti-jet type turbineCross-flow turbineDoubleshot turbinePanki turbineUndershot turbineTubular turbineThroughflow turbineBulb tubular turbineBulb turbineFrontal type turbineCross type turbineFront shaft-extension type tubular turbine Shaft-extension type tubular turbine Rear shaft-extension tubular turbine Reversible pump turbinePump turbineInclined shaft turbineSingle runner type turbine Two-runner type turbine Twin-runner type turbine Single discharge type turbine Double discharge type turbine Pit-type turbineSpiral casing-type turbine Spiral-cased turbineSemi-spiral turbineFull spiral case turbine Open vlvme type turbine Conical turbineBoiler-type turbineShell type turbineTandem type turbine Double type turbineTwo shaft turbineTwo water turbineTwin type turbineSingle speed type turbine Two-speed type turbineRim-generator turbineUpstream-bulb turbineDownstream-bulb turbineStraflo turbine二、GENERAL TERMSReport of investigationPreliminary designEnlarging preliminary designTechnical designConstruction designDesign specificationOverall designGeneral drawingGeneral installation drawingCreeting drawingAssembly drawingInstallation diagramSide-viewPerspective drawingSection drawingPreliminary sketchDiagrammatic sketchDetail drawingWorking drawingFinal drawing Completion drawingTop viewLayoutGeneral layoutMaster plan SpecificationInstruction book Standard specification Operation manual Operating specification Basic sizeHydraulic development Hydraulic engineering Water power engineering Water powerLayout of hydraulic system Hydraulic project planning CascadeFlow cascade Hydroelectric boardHydraulic power Hydraulic power plant Hydraulic power station Hydroelectric power plant Hydroelectric power station Power plantReservoir power plant Diversion power station Dam-type power plant Dam-type power stationBy-dam power station Inside-dam power station Run-of-river power station Overflow power station Storage hydro power plant Semi-indoor power plant Semi-outdoor power station Underground power station Pumped storage power plant Tidal power plantBase-load power station Peak-load power stationStan-by power plant DamLasherGravity damBulk-head dam Buttress dam Debris damArch damArch gravity dam Multi arch dam Shell arch dam Embankment Earth damEarth-fall dam Embankment dam Dike/dykeRock dyke dam Rock embankment Dome damHollow gravity dam WeirFlood detention damRegulating dam Overflow dam Spill weir dam Separation dam Spur dikeGroinStorage dam Submerged dam Debris barrier Vaulted dam Diversion dam Cofferdam Main dam Auxiliary dam BarrageDam site Reservoir Storage reservoir Storage basin StorageDead storage Available storageEffective reservoir volume Total storagePower storage Operating storage Multiseasonal storage Reservoir capacity Reservoir areaStorage tankPoolHeadHeadworkOverall lengthOverall areaGross areaSkin areaSectional areaCross sectional area Through-flow cross section StreambedRiver bedDischarge waterMain streamRiver fallIntakeDrainage areaPulsating flowHead tankDead water ConsumptionEnergy dissipation Layout of powerhouse Auxiliary apparatus Auxiliary equipment Auxiliary machinery Hydraulic machinery Water turbine generator set Hydraulic generator set Hydroelectric set Generation unitGensetTotal power of station Installed capacity Station capacity Auxiliary stationMain machine hall Machine hallMain generating room HeadraceCanal head Diversion work Diversion construction Channel Convergence channel Intake canal Discharge canal Open canalSpur canalFlumeNon-pressure flume Open flume Pressure flumePitDuctSluiceRegulating sluice Regulating lockScour outlet channel Flood spillway Overflow weir Sand escape Diversion canal Diversion channel TailraceTubingPipePipeline system Circulating pipe Overflow SpillwayConduit pipeDrain pipe Hydraulic pipe line Overflow pipe Conduit Hydraulic mainBy-passPenstockBuried penstockPenstock reducer CulvertScreenTrash racksTrash screens Coarse rackCage screenStop log aqueductpierOutletWater outletBaseBasic line HorizonMaximal headwater PeakMain drainRunCurrent of water Gravity flow Unsteady flowV ortex flowFlow in continuum Channel flow Laminar flow Whirl flbre flow EddyEddy flowFlow patternFlow form CirculationFlow line Streamline Circulating current Axial flowRadial flowRadial inward flow Radial outward flow Flow fieldFlow surfaceFlow linePower house Master control roomDistribution net Distribution networkAnnual energy output Generator floorTurbine floorSpiral casing floor Elevation of turbine centerline Zero levelEL.(elevation)Height of settingTailrace water elevation Machine floor elevation Turbine center elevation Flood elevationLevelWater elevationWater levelExcavation depthBase levelRiver levelLow water levelHigh water levelHead water levelDistributor EL.Runner EL.EL. Of erectionR.C.EL.(runner centerline elevation) Runner EL.Needle axis EL.Tailwater EL.Normal water levelNormal pool levelStorage levelNormal average pool level Maximum pool levelMaximum flood stageMinimum pool levelDead water levelNormal pool level tailwater Dammed waterCentersCRS.(centers)Sparo unitVertical shaftInstallation work ManholeHatchAccess doorGalleryConverer way GangwayGantryService bridge Pedestrian bridge Suspension bridge Inspection manhole Inspection gallery Blade-removal opening StairwayStairsStaircaseLadderSpiral stairsWinding stairs Circular stairsStepsClimbing steps Access ladder HandrailsCraneElevatorPedalCheckered plate Observation hole WearGroove Weldment Component ClearanceGapAdjustable clearance FlawFlaw detection DiameterTail channel Tailrace canal Tailwater Tailwater channelSand basin Settling basin Settling tankSilt basinSand settling basin Surge basinSurge shaftSurge tankSurge chamber Daily pondage basin Stilling basin Baffle threshold SiphonEnergy absorber Energy killer Hydraulic structures ChannelTunnelConvey tunnel Access tunnel Tailrace tunnel Drain tunnelBy-pass tunnelWind tunnelWater tunnelGateLockIntake gateRadial gate Emergency gateQuick-closing gate Storm gateDraft tube bulkhead gate Draft tube gateSiphon trapForebayTankPipelineTubeAbrasionUnit bayFlood controlFlood detention dam Power poolTurbine generatorSupport pierSpeed increaserSpeed-increasing gearAccess shaftInlet tubeOpen water chamberPassageFairingRunner removal accessHandgear三、PARAMETER四、PERFORMANCE AND OPERATION五、TURBINE TESTING六、ROTATING PARTSRotating partPrincipal partRunnerRotorWheelPropellerWater wheelSeries of runnerRunner typeAction wheelSingle discharge runner Double discharge runnerTwin-blade runnerRunner with stainless steel blade ImpellerRunner with various metals Split runnerFabricated runnerWelding runnerCasting runnerCast steel runnerCast integrally runnerModel runnerRunner discoidThroat diameter of runner Runner diameterRunner exitRunner inletRunner outlineArea of inletArea of outletBladeVaneBucketScoopRunner bucketRunner bladeRunner vaneSuction side of the blade Back of blade Pressure side of the blade Propeller blade Impeller blade CascadeBlade cascadeLatticeCascade spacingBlade pitchVane pitchSpan of wingLeaf marginBlade journal Blade seal ring Tip clearance AirfoilAerofoilBlade shape BuckTemplateBlade shape gauge Test piece CrownRunner crown ShroudRunner shroud BandRunner band Lower rim Runner skirt Runner casing Wheel case Runner housing Housing coverCentral part of runnerDraft coneRunner hubRunner bossHub extensionRunner tipRunner coneUpper runner hub/boss cover Lower runner hub/boss cover Runner blade opening Runner vane opening Runner openingBottom of wheelBalanceStatic balanceDynamic balanceManifoldManifold pipeSpiral distributorNeedleNeedle tipNeedle stemNeedle point Needle head NozzleNozzle pipe Turbine nozzle Nozzle body Nozzle tip Nozzle seat ring Centrifugal nozzle Movable nozzle Inlet elbowInlet bendJetSingle jet Double jetMulti-jetJet brakeJet deflectorJet nozzle Deflector Runner deflector RefractorFlow deflectorInflow deviceDuctFlow-passing surface Stream surfaceWater-swept surface Angle of attachInlet angle of runner Discharge angle of runner Exit angle of runner Outlet angle of runner Outlet diameterExit diameter Discharge diameterInlet diameterNozzle diameter Runner diameterBafflerRunner levelJet diameterBlade ductAngle of bladeStroke of blade/vaneInlet edgeOutlet edgeExit edgePassageDuctBlade channel swept by waterNominal diameterBanch pipeShaftFabricated shaftWelding shaftForged shaftForged integrally shaft七、GUIDE MECHANISMFlow controlControl mechanismRegulating gearThrottling actionSpeed-control mechanism Guide apparatusGate mechanismGate operation mechanism Guide-blade apparatus DistributorGate riggingGuide-vane apparatus Guide apparatusRadial guide apparatus Inclined guide apparatus Axial guide apparatus BladeVaneGuide vaneGuide bladeWicket gateGate guide vane journal Guide vane trunnion Gate stem八、EMBEDDED PARTSEmbeded partsInlet partsFixed partsSpiral caseScroll casingScroll caseV olute casing/caseCasingCaseWheel casingSpiral casingConcrete spiral casingPlate spiral casingSheet metal spiral casingRound section spiral casingRectangular section spiral casingSpiral casing with stay ringCast iron spiral casingCast steel spiral casingSemi-spiral casingSemi-scroll casingNose angle of spiral casingNose of spiral casingRadius of spiral casingEntrance diameter of spiral casing InletliningVelocity coefficient of spiral-casing Expansion jointStay ringStay-vane ringThroat ringUpper ringLower ringBottem ringStay bladeStay vaneSteel blend stay vaneStay of spiral casingBaffle stay vaneBaffle vaneUpstream edge of stay vane Downstream edge of stay vaneRunner chamberRunner wall ringRunner chamber lower ring Runner chamber upper ring Runner housing Diacharge ring Intermediate top plate Lower top plateDraft tubeDraught tubeStraight draft tube Conical draft tubeBend draft tubeElbow draft tubeBell-shaped draft tube Straight conical draft tube Straight taper draft tube Divergent shaped draft tube Hydraucone draft tube Spreading draft tube Throat ringElbowElbow tubeInlet bendDraft tube diffuserDraft bendHorizontal long of draft tube Draft tube axisDraft tube depthAxis length of draft tube Draft tube lengthDraft tube protecting ring Draft tube liningDraft tube linerDraft tube roofEfficiency of draft tube Dynamic draft tubeBarrelFoundating platePitOpen pitDischarge pitPit linerSpiral-shaped pitTurbine pitTurbine chamberFoundating ringSpiral case extensionSkirt plateTest headFixed guide wheelOuter gate barrelInner gate barrel九、GOVERNOR AND AUTOMATION十、OIL,AIR AND WATER SYSTEM 十一、MISCELLANEOUS十二、PUMP AND PUMP--TURBINE。
水电站机电设备(水轮机、发电机)专业英语汉英对照精编版(个人整理)
水电站机电设备(水轮机、发电机)专业英语汉英对照精编版（个人整理）专业词汇汉英对照A英文对照专业词汇英文对照专业词汇access door检修门accessory附件、零件accuracy准确性、精密度acting head有效水头action turbine冲击式水轮机action wheel主动轮、冲击式水轮active power有功功率Adjustable andfixed-blade propellerhydraulic turbine轴流式水轮机adjustable bladepropeller turbine轴流转浆式水轮机adjustable bolt调整螺栓adjustable clearance可调间隙adjustable ring控制环adjusting nut调整螺母adjusting screw校正螺丝、调整螺丝air conduit通风道、风管air cooler空气冷却器air cooling system气冷系统air currant气流air cylinder气缸air draft通风道、排气道air inlet进气口air-inlet valve进气阀门air-release valve放气阀门air valve空气阀、气阀、气门annual energy output年发电量applied hydraulics实用水力学applied mechanics应用力学assemble装配assembler装配工assembler drawing装配图assembly shop装配车间automatic control自动控制automatic controlvalve自动控制阀automatic governor自动调速器automatic pressure自动减压阀automatic regulation自动调节reducing valve(autoregulation)auxiliary apparatus辅助设备auxiliary equipment辅助设备auxiliary machinery辅助机械auxiliary station辅电厂、辅厂房available capacity有效容量available discharge(flow)可用流量available head可用水头available hydraulichead有效水头available power可用出力available storage有效库容average flow平均流量average head平均水头average over-allefficiency平均总效率average speed平均速率、平均转速average velocity平均速度axis轴线axial cam轴向凸轮axial flow轴流axial flow hydraulicturbine轴流式水轮机axial force轴向力axial inflow velocity轴向流入速度BBabbitt巴氏合金Back view后视图Ball bearing滚珠轴承、球轴承Banki turbine双击式水轮Base基础、基线Base flow基本流量Base level基准面Base line(basic line)基线、底线Bearing轴承Bearing pad钨金轴承Bearing body轴承体Bearing flange轴承法兰Bearing ring轴承套圈Blade叶片Blade seal ring叶片密封装Bolt螺栓Bolt pin螺栓销Bottom cover底盖Bottom outlet泄水底孔Bottom view底视图Brake制动闸、制动器Brake horsepower(B.H.P.)制动马力Bucket （浇混凝土的）吊桶、（冲击式水轮机的）水斗Bulb tubular turbine灯泡型贯流式水轮机Buried depth埋设深度Buried penstock埋藏式压力水管Butterfly valve蝴蝶阀by-pass支流，溢流渠，旁通管by-pass tunnel旁通隧洞by-pass valve旁通阀CCage screen笼形拦污栅Cam凸轮Calculated flow rate计算流量Capacity容量，功率cast-iron铸铁，生铁cast-steel铸钢Cavitation汽蚀cavitation coefficient汽蚀系数cement水泥centrifugal nozzle离心式喷嘴centrifuge离心机chamber室characteristic curve特性曲线circulate circulation循环，环流circulating current环流circulating pipe循环水管clearance间隙，余隙，空隙clearance leakage间隙漏水clearance loss间隙损失coarse rack粗格拦污栅coefficient of percolation 渗透系数coefficient ofroughness粗糙系数、糙率concrete dam混凝土坝conduit(conduit pipe)输水道connecting bar连接杆connecting bolt连接螺栓connecting lever连接杆connecting link连杆connecting rod连接杆constant-pressureturbine冲击式水轮机control mechanism控制机构control ring控制环control valve控制阀control valve dial控制阀指度盘convey tunnel输水隧洞conveyance channel输水渠conveyer输送机covered way廊道covering覆盖物，套，罩crest discharge洪峰流量，过顶流量critical depth of flow(water)临界水深critical flow临界流量critical head临界水头cross-flow turbine双击式水轮机cross-head操作架current meter流速仪current off water水流DDaily output日产量Deflector折向器Degree of accuracy准确度Degree of hardness硬度Demand curve需（水、电）量曲线Deriaz turbine 斜流式水轮机，德利埃兹式水轮机Design drawing(design paper)设计图纸Design flow设计流量Detail drawing细节图，零件图Diagonal flow turbine斜流式水轮机Discharge流量，设计流量Distributing net(distribution network)配水网，配电网Distributionsubstation配电（变电）所Draft tube尾水管draft-tube gate尾水闸门drain pipe排水管drain valve排水阀drive shaft bearing主动轴轴承driven shaft从动轴driving gear传动齿轮，主动齿轮driving mechanism传动机构driving shaft主动轴EEddy涡流，漩涡Eddy loss涡流损失Effective flow有效流量Effective(net)head有效水头efficiency效率efficiency hill等效率图efficiency oftransmission传递效率，输电效率efficiency test效率试验elbow弯头，弯管electric circuit电路electric circuit电流electric installation电气装置，electric mains主电线，输电干线electric power plant发电厂electric power station发电站electric welding电焊electrical equipment电气设备electrical installation电气安装，电气设备electrical power电力electrical powertransmission电力输送end view端视图engine发动机，引擎engine shaft发动机轴erecting shop装配间erection架设，安装erection diagram装配图，安装图Excite(v.)Excitation(n.)励磁Exciter励磁机Exciting coil励磁线圈FFpm(foot per minute)每分钟尺数ft-LB尺磅field test现场试验field work现场工作，野外工作fitter装配工fitting配件，装配fixed blade propellerturbine轴流定浆式水轮机flange法兰，凸缘flanged connection法兰联接flow流，水流，流量flow curve流量曲线flow line流线flow line production流水作业法foot(feet)脚，尺foot screw底脚螺丝Francis turbine 混流式水轮机，法兰西斯水轮机Front view前视图，正面图GGear,pinion齿轮Gear shift变速器Gear shift housing变速箱General drawing总图General layout总体布置Generator发电机generator eotor发电机转子generator shaft发电机轴generator stator发电机定子gland压盖governing管理，调节，调速governor调节器，调速器gross area总面积gross head总水头gross power总功率gross weight毛重guide apparatus导水机构guide bearing导轴承guide beating bracket导轴承托架guide ring导环guide spindle导轴guide spindle bearing导轴轴承guide vane导叶guide vane arm导叶拐臂guide-vane channel导叶流道guide vane lever导叶臂杆guide vane opening导叶开度guide wheel导轮HHead cover顶盖Horizon地平线Horizontal水平的Horizontal axis横轴，水平轴Horizontal engine卧式发动机Horizontal shaft水平轴，横轴Horizontal turbine卧式水轮机Horse power马力Housing机壳Hydraulic 水的，水力的，液压的Hydraulic bore水力钻孔Hydrauliccharacteristic水力特性hydraulic design水力计算，水力设计hydraulicdevelopment水力开发hydraulic efficiency水力效率hydraulic engineering水利工程hydraulic generator水轮机发电机hydraulic loss水力损失hydraulic machinery水力机械hydraulic power水力，水能hydraulic power plant水力发电厂hydraulic radius水力半径hydraulic turbine水轮机hydro-power水力hydroelectric水电的hydroelectric board水电局hydroelectric plant水电厂，水电站IImpeller叶轮Impeller blade叶轮叶片Impulse脉冲，冲击Impulse turbine冲击式水轮机Inlet elbow喷管Input进量，入量，输入量Input power输入功率Install(Vt.)安装Installation(n.)安装，设备Installation diagram安装图Installation work安装工程Installed capacity装机容量Instruction book说明书JJet喷射，射流jet barker射流制动器jet deflector射流折向器jet diameter射流直径jet nozzle喷嘴KKaplan turbine 轴流转浆式水轮机，卡普兰式水轮机Key键，钥匙key slot键槽Kilogram(kg.)公斤，千克Kilometer(km.)公里，千米Kilowatt(kW.)千瓦LLabyrinth迷宫Labyrinth seal ring迷宫止漏环Layout 定线，绘样，设计，布置，规划Level水位，水平面Lined有衬砌的Liner轴瓦，衬套，衬砌Link连杆Link arm连杆臂Link pin联节销Long ton 长吨，英吨（=2240磅=1.016吨）Longitudinal axis纵轴lube-oil,lubricating润滑油lubricant grease润滑脂lubricator加油器，油杯，油壶MMachine机器Machinery机械Machining机加工Main 主要的，总的；总渠，干线Main bearing主轴承Main drain总排水管Main driving wheel主动轮Main generating room主发电机室Main machine hall主厂房Main shaft主轴Main steam干流，主流Main valve主阀Master control room中央控制室Master link主连杆Master plan总体规划Master switch总开关Maximum flow最大流量Maximum head最高水头Maximum headwater上游最高水位Maximum output最大出力，最大功率Maximum permissiblerevolution最大许可转数Maximum revolution最大转数Mechanical efficiency机械效率Minimum clearance最小间隙Minimum diameter最小直径Minimum flow最小流量Minimum head最小水头Mixed flow turbine混流式水轮机Model模型model test模型试验motor 发动机，电动机，马达movable propellerturbine轴流转浆式水轮机NNail钉子Needle喷针Needle stem喷针杆nozzle喷嘴nozzle diameter喷嘴直径nut螺帽，螺母Ooil油，石油oil can油壶oil casing油箱oil channel油槽oil circuit油路oil circuit breaker油断路器，油开关oil collector集油装置oil distributor受油器oil filter滤油器oil pressure油压力oil pressure supplysystem油压装置oil pressure gage油压计oil pump油泵oil supply line操作油管，供油线oil valve油阀operatingcharacteristic运行特性operating condition运行情况，运行条件operating efficiency运行效率operating lever操纵杆operating mechanism操作机械operating valve操作阀outlet valve泄水阀outlet work泄水工程output产量，出力，输出output loss产量损失，出力损失output power输出功率output design总体设计overall dimension总尺寸，外形尺寸overall efficiency总效率overall height总高度overall length全长overpressure turbine反击式水轮机PPacking box填料箱Packing box cover填料箱盖Packing gland压垫盖Parts部分，零件Peak 峰，最高点，洪峰，峰荷Peak flow洪峰流量Peak load峰荷Pelton turbine 水斗式水轮机，贝尔顿式水轮机Penstock压力钢管Percentage of speedrise转速上升率Percentage of speeddrop 转速下降率Percentage of pressurerise压力上升率Performance性能，运行Performancemeasurement性能测定，工况测定Periphery园周Pilot bearing导轴承Pin销，针Pin hole销孔pipe,piping管子，管路pit liner机坑里衬pitometer毕托管测压器pitot tube毕托管power input输入功率power loss功率损失power plant动力设备，电厂，电power supply动力供应，电源，供站电pressure regulator调压阀pressure turbine反击式水轮机propeller推进器，螺旋浆propeller blade螺旋浆叶Pump水泵pump capacity水泵出水率pump output抽水量push and pull rod推拉杆Rradial-axial flowturbine混流式水轮机radial direction径向radial distance径向距离radial flow幅向流radial flow turbine幅向轴流式水轮机radial inward flow径向内流radial outward flow径向外流rate（比）率，价格rate of change变化率rate of discharge流量rate of flow流量rate of speed速率rated capacity额定容量rated head额定水头rated horse power额定马力rated load额定负荷rated output额定出力rated power额定功率rated specific speed额定比转速rated speed额定转速rated voltage额定电压reaction反作用reaction turbine反击式水轮机reaction water wheel反击式水轮receiver贮气筒relief valve安全阀，减压阀reversible motor可逆电动机reversible pumpturbine可逆式水泵水轮机revolution旋转，转数revolution counter转数表Revolution per minute(r.p.m)每分钟转数Reynold's number雷诺数Ring环，圈River江，河River bed河床River fall河流落差River level河水位Rivet铆钉Rocker arm转臂Roller bearing滚柱轴承Rotary旋转的Rotary displacementpump回转容积泵Rotary motion旋转运动Rotary pump回转泵Rotary shaft转动轴Rotary valve球形阀，旋转阀Rotor转子Run 跑，流动，流程，运转run-of-river plant巡流式水电站run-off巡流runaway speed飞逸转速runner（水轮机的）转轮runner band下环runner blade轮叶runner casing转轮外壳runner chamber转轮室runner cone泄水锥runner crown上冠runner housing转轮室runner hub转轮体runner seal ring转轮止水环SSafe range安全范围Safety valve安全阀Schematic概略的，简要的Schematic drawing示意图Scheme方案，格式，简图Screw螺丝，螺旋，螺钉Screw driver螺丝起子Screw pump螺旋泵Seal止水，密封，填缝Seal coat防水层Seal ring封水环，止水环Sealing止水，密封，填缝Section 段，部分，剖面，截面Sectional分段的，局部的，截面的Sectional area截面积Sectional drawing截面图Sectional view断面图，剖视图servo-motor接力器servo-motor piston接力器活塞shaft轴skin表皮skin area表面积skin friction表面磨擦specific特殊的，专用的specific gravity比重specific speed比转速specific weight比重specifications规范，规格，说明书specimen 试件，样品，范本，标本speed速度，速率，转速speed adjustment转速调正speed change转速变化speed change box变速箱speed-controlmechanism转速控制机构speed governor调速器speed ratio转速比speed regulator调速器speed ring调速环speed-rise转速升高speedometer速度计，里程计spherical valve球形阀spindle心轴spiral螺线，螺旋spiral case(casing)蜗壳standard标准standardspecifications标准规范static draft head吸出高度static suction head吸出高度Stator（发电机）定子stay支撑，停留stay ring（水轮机）座环stay vane（水轮机）固定导叶stay-vane ring固定导叶环suspension bearing轴承TTable表，目录Tapping攻螺丝Technology工艺学Thrust bearing推力轴承Top plate顶盖Transformer变压器Transmission case传动箱Transmission line输电线Transmission loss传递损失，输电损失Transmission shaft传动轴Tube tubing管，管路Tubular管状，筒形Tubular turbine贯流式水轮机Turbine水轮机，涡轮，透平Turbine cavitationfactor水轮机汽蚀系数Turbine dynamometer水轮机测功机Turbine efficiency水轮机效率Turbine head cover水轮机顶盖Turbine inlet bend水轮机进水弯管Turbine shaft水轮机轴Twin water turbine双转轮水轮机Type型，类型，型号UUndershot waterwheel下击式水轮机Unit discharge单位流量Unit power单位功率Unit speed单位转速VVacuum break valve真空破坏阀Valve阀Vane叶片，轮叶variable speed变速variable velocity变速，变速度Venturi meter文德里流量计Venturi tube文德里管vertical view立视图vibrating table震动台vibration proof防震view图，视图volt伏特，伏voltmeter伏特计，电压表voltage电压，伏特数voltage adjuster电压调整器volumetric efficiency容积效率WWasher垫圈Water circulation水循环Water discharge排水量Water filter滤水器Water inlet进水口Water level水位，水准Water outlet出水口Water power水力，水能Water powerengineering水力发电工程Water project水利工程Water proof防水Water seal joint止水缝Water sealing止水，防漏，防渗Water turbine水轮机Water turbinegenerator set水轮机电机表Water wheel水轮，水车Watt瓦，瓦特watt hour瓦（特小）时watt meter瓦特计working drawing制图表，加工图worm and sector steering device 蜗杆与扇形齿轮转向装置worm wheel dial蜗轮标度盘。
泵与水轮机词汇
Pump:1.Discharge casing 出水泵壳2.Suction casing 吸入室3.Interstage casing: 中间级泵壳4.Balancing chamber cover平衡室盖板5.Impeller 叶轮6.Pump shaft 泵轴7.Shaft sleeve 轴衬8.Sleeve nut 轴衬油膜9.Balancing dise 平衡阀10.Impeller key 叶轮键11.Deflector 挡油环12.Gland packing 填料函13.Guide vane 导叶14.Casing ring 口环15.Packing gland 填料压盖16.Sealing ring 密封环17.Interstage bushing 级间轴套18.Balancing bushing 平衡套19.Balancing seat 平衡座20.Sealing pine 水封管21.Balancing pine 平衡管22.Tie bolt 拉紧螺栓23.Shaft coupling 联轴器24.Priming funnel 注水漏斗Turbine:1.Generator Air Gap 发电机气隙2.Exciter Air Gap 励磁气隙3.Generator Magnetic Field 发电机磁场4.Stator Bar Vibration 定子线棒振动5.Stator Core Vibration 定子铁芯振动6.Stator Frame Displacement 定子支架位移7.Stator Temperature 定子温度8.Stator Cooling Water Temperature定子冷却水温9.Stator Cooling Water Flow 定子冷却水流10.Generator Ambient Temperature发电机环境温度11.Slip Ring Compartment Temperature滑环隔间温度12.Guide&Thrust Bearing Temperature导轴承和推力轴承温度13.Guide&Thrust Bearing Vibration导轴承和推力轴承振动14.Active Power 有功功率15.Reactive Power 无功功率16.Stator Voltage 定子电压17.Stator Current 定子电流18.Rotor Voltage 转子电压19.Rotor Current 转子电流20.Split-Phase Current 分相电流21.Servomotor Stroke伺服电动机行程22.Turbine Clearance 涡轮空隙23.Blade Angle(Kaplan)叶片角（轴流转桨式）24.Turbined Water Flow涡轮工作水流25.Water Pressure(Casing or Penstock)水压（工作腔或压力水管）26.Upstream&Downstream Levels上游和下游水位。
水轮机及电机方面的专业英语词汇
Aa.c.machine交流电机abrasion磨损absolute pressure绝对压力acceleration of gravity重力加速度acceptance test验收试验access pit进人通道access shaft竖井通道accuracy精度acoustic method声学法，超声波法actuai duration of operation实际运行时间actuating error动作误差acyclic machine单极电机aeration pipe 补气管air admission system补气系统air admission test补气试验air depression system压水系统air vent通风道alternating current machine交流电机amplitude振幅amplitude振幅anchor bolt 地脚螺栓,螺栓anchor plate锚板，基础板angle steel角钢angular frequency角频率area面积areo description区域描述arithmetic average efficiency算术平均效率arithmetic mean value 算术平均值arm for roller滚轮臂arrangement drawing布置图assembly test装配试验asynchronous generator异步发电机asynchronous machine异步电机atmospheric pressure环境压力，大气压automatic control components自动化元件average annual solid content多年平均含沙量average solid grain size平均粒径average value平均值Axial flow adjustable-blade turbine轴流转桨式水轮机Axial flow fixed-blade turbine轴流定桨式水轮机Axial flow regulative-blade turbine轴流调桨式水轮机Axial flow turbine轴流式水轮机Axial pump轴流泵back to back start up背靠背同步起动band下环band chamber下环腔band seal 下止漏环bearing球轴承bearing oil injection system轴承高压油顶起系统bifurcation分叉管blade叶片blade angle叶片转角blade lever叶片转臂blade link叶片连杆blade trunnion叶片枢轴bolt to door hinge铰链销bottom下部，底部bottom cover底环bottom ring底环，低压侧盖板brake nozzle制动喷嘴branch pipe叉管brushless wound-rotor无刷绕线转子感应电动机induction motorbucket水斗bulb灯泡体bulb support灯泡体支柱bulb tubular unit灯泡贯流式机组bulkhead gate矩形/平板闸门butt strap肩托butterfly valve蝴蝶阀cage induction motor笼型感应电动机cage synchronous motor笼型同步电动机cam协联机构capacitor motor电容电动机capacitor start and run motor电容起动及运行电动机capacitor start motor电容起动电动机cavitation空化cavitation coefficient空化系数，托马数cavitation coefficient of水轮机空化系数hydraulic turbinecavitation damage空蚀cavitation erosion空蚀cavitation margin空化裕量cavitation pitting空蚀cavitation pitting guarantee空蚀保证期duration of operationcavitation reference level空化基准面cavitation test空化试验Celsius temperature摄氏温度centrifugal-pump径流泵，离心泵channel vorties叶道涡characteristic test特性试验cheek plates抗磨板，颊版circlip轴用挡圈class of accuracy精确度等级closing piece堵块coefficient of dynamic viscosity动力粘性系数coefficient of kinematic viscosity运动粘性系数combined cavitation erosion and abrasion磨蚀combined characteristic curve综合特性曲线combined condition协联工况combined erosion by sand and cavitation磨蚀complete characteristics of pump-turbine水泵水轮机全特性compound pulsation复合脉动compound vibration复合振动con.pin销cone泄水锥，锥管cone part锥段，锥管部件confidence level置信概率connecting rod推拉杆connection piece联接块constant current generator 恒流发电机constant relative bandwidth of an analyzer分析仪恒等百分比带宽constant voltage generator恒压发电机conveyor case多级泵中段conveyor vane多级泵导叶coordinate坐标counter thrust bearing反向推力轴承counter weight重锤coupling bolt联轴螺栓coupling flange联接法兰，联轴法兰 cover盖板cover plate门板critical cavitation coefficient临界空化系数cross head操作架cross-flow turbine双击式水轮机crossover passage case多级泵中段crown上冠crown chamber上冠腔crown seal上止漏环current meter method流速仪法cut-in deflector分流器cylinder head screw圆柱头螺钉cylinder part圆筒cylindrical rotor machine圆柱形转子电机d.c.machine直流电机deflector折向器，偏流器deflector servomotor折向器接力器deflector shaft折向器轴density密度Deriaz turbine斜流转桨式水轮机design设计design flood level设计洪水位design tail water level 设计尾水位detail详图diagonal pump斜流泵，混流泵diagonal turbine斜流式水轮机dicharge heigh排出高度diffuser扩散管diffuser ring扩散环diffuser vane水泵导叶dimension尺寸dimensional limit尺寸公差direct current machine直流电机direct-driven unit直驱机组disc type machine盘式电机discharge流量discharge ring转轮室dismantling flang拆卸法兰distance tube套管distributor 导水机构，分流管door handle门把手door roller compl.滚轮装配double wound synchronous generator双绕组同步发电机double-fed machine双馈电机double-flow turbine双流式水轮机double-regulated machine双调式水力机械double-suction pump双吸式水泵double-winding synchronous generator双绕组同步发电机downstream channel下游侧通道draft tube尾水管，吸入管draft tube bend尾水管弯管draft tube cone尾水管锥管draft tube elbow尾水管肘管draft tube liner尾水管里衬draft tube outlet part 尾水管扩散段，吸入管进口段drop erosion点蚀effective value有效值efficiency效率efficiency test效率试验elbow draft tube肘形尾水管electric energy电能量electric machine电机electrical machine电机electrical rotating machine旋转电机electrodes for site assembly工地用焊条end stop to rail停止块erection wrench 调节支撑error of measurement测量误差exciter励磁机facing plates抗磨板，颊版field weld工地焊接fillet weld dimension焊角定义尺寸first step overspeed contact一级过速触点fixation bars to HEB beam H型钢梁固定块fixation bars to INP beam I型钢梁固定块fixed 固定的fixed-cone valve空心锥形泄荷阀flange法兰flange half法兰分半flap gate拍板闸门，拍门flat bar筋板，平板，条钢flat bar（suspension hook）平板（吊耳）flat bar（to adjusting roof）平板（用于顶盖调整）flat steel钢板force力force character力特性force characteristic test 力特性试验forced phase reversing强迫换相forged inlet flange锻钢进口法兰foundation ring基础环frame 框架frame part框架frame to service door检修门框Francis turbine混流式水轮机francis turbine runner nominal diameter混流式转轮公称直径frequency频率full penetration weld清根焊缝full-voltage start-up全压起动fundamental frequency 基波gate闸门gate operating mechanism导叶操作机构gate operating ring控制环gate valve闸阀gauge pressure表计压力（简称压力）gear box齿轮增速箱generator发电机generator access hatch发电机进人孔gravimetric method重量法grid栅板gross head毛水头guide bearing导轴承guide bearing collar轴领guide bearing housing轴承体guide bearing journal轴颈guide bearing pad/shoe/segment导轴承分块瓦，轴瓦guide bearing shell筒式导轴承轴瓦guide vane导叶guide vane apparatus导水机构guide vane bearing导叶轴套guide vane end seal导叶端面密封guide vane end stop导叶限位块guide vane lever导叶臂guide vane link导叶连杆guide vane lock导叶锁锭guide vane opening导叶开度guide vane overload protection导叶过载保护guide vane regulating apparatus导叶调节装置guide vane rotating angle导叶转角guide vane servomotor导叶接力器guide vane stem导叶轴guide vane stem seal导叶轴密封guide vane thrust bearing导叶止推轴承guide vane/blade cam导叶/叶片协联机构harmonic谐波harmonic filter谐波滤波器hatch cover吊物孔盖板head水头headcover顶盖，高压侧盖板Heb-beam large H型钢梁heteropolar machine异极电机Hex.pan nut盘头螺母Hex.pan screw盘头螺钉Hexagonal screw六角头螺栓high pressure side cover顶盖，高压侧盖板hill diagram综合特性曲线hinge part门铰链hinge part to turbine housing机壳铰链hollow-Bunger valve空心锥形泄荷阀hollow-cone valve空心锥形泄荷阀hollow-jet valve空心射流泄荷阀homopolar machine同极电机hook吊耳horizontal shaft 卧轴housing机壳hub转轮体hydraulic efficiency水力效率hydraulic machine 水力机械hydraulic machinery 水力机械设备hydraulic thrust水推力hydroturbine水轮机hydroturbine governor水轮机调速器hysteresis motor磁滞电动机impeller叶轮impeller band叶轮下环impeller band chamber叶轮下环腔impeller band seal叶轮下止漏环impeller blade轮叶impeller blade lever叶轮叶片转臂impeller blade link叶轮叶片连杆impeller blade seal叶轮叶片密封impeller blade servomotor叶轮叶片接力器impeller blade trunnion叶轮叶片枢轴impeller chamber叶轮下环腔impeller cone叶轮引水锥impeller crown叶轮上冠，叶轮后盖板impeller crown chamber叶轮上冠腔impeller crown seal叶轮上止漏环impeller skirt叶轮下环，叶轮前盖板impeller vane叶轮叶片impulse (action) turbine冲击式水轮机incipient cavitation coefficient临界空化系数inclined shaft斜轴inclined-jet turbine斜击式水轮机index method指数法individual单独的induction generator感应发电机induction machine感应电机inductor machine感应子电机initial excitation current初始励磁电流initial preesure初始压力initial speed初始转速injector喷嘴injector housing喷嘴装配inlet measuring section of turbine水轮机进口面积inner guide ring导水内环inner stay cone贯流式座环内锥段I-NP beam工字梁input power 输入功率inside内表面inspection grids to housing机壳检修栅intake pipe配水管路intake ring进口环intermediate shaft中间轴jacking screw顶起螺栓Kaplan turbine轴流转桨式水轮机labyrinth seal迷宫密封left door wing左侧门length长度level 高程lifting lug吊耳limit frequency极限频率load rejection test甩负荷试验load test负载试验low pressure side cover底环，低压侧盖板lower pit下机坑machine axis机组中心线main exciter主励磁机main shaft主轴main shut-off valve主阀maintenance seal检修密封manifold分流管mass质量material 材料maximal operating chill time最大动作间隔时间maximal static head最高静水头maximum flood level校核洪水位maximum head of plant电站最大水头maximum momentary connterrotation蓄能泵最大瞬态反向转速speed of storage pumpmaximum momentary overspeed of turbine水轮机最大瞬态转速maximum momentary pressure of turbine水轮机最大瞬态压力maximum static pressure最大静水压maximum tail water level最高尾水位mean square value均方值mean value平均值mechanical efficiency 机械效率mechanical synchronizing device of导叶机械同步操作机构guide vanesmethod N.R.Gibson压力时间法，吉普逊法Michell-banki turbine双击式水轮机middle solid grain size中值粒径minimum momentary pressure of turbine水轮机最小瞬态压力minimum pool water level最低蓄水位mixed flow turbine斜流式/对角式水轮机mixedflow pump斜流泵，混流泵model模型机model acceptance test模型验收试验model test模型试验momentary pressure variation ratio瞬态压力变化率momentary speed variation ratio瞬态转速变化率motor电动机motor access hatch电动机进人孔motor-generator发电电动机multi-stage machine多级式水力机械Nagler turbine轴流定桨式水轮机needle喷针needle rod喷针杆needle servomotor喷针接力器needle stroke喷嘴开度needle tip喷针头needle valve针形阀needle-deflector link喷针折向器连杆needle-deflector positioner喷针折向器定位装置net head净水头net positive suction head of storage pump 蓄能泵净吸上扬程，空化余量no-discharge head of storage pump蓄能泵零流量扬程no-discharge input power of storage pump蓄能泵零流量功率no-load discharge of turbine水轮机空载流量no-load operating condition空载工况nominal diameter of inlet valve进水阀门公称直径non-regulated machine不可调式水力机械non-salient pole machine隐极电机normal phase reversing自然换相normal pool water level正常蓄水位normal profile公称型线nose vane鼻端固定导叶nozzle喷嘴nozzle assembly喷嘴装配nozzle pipe喷管nozzle shield喷嘴保护罩nozzle tip ring喷嘴口环nut螺母oil cooler油冷却器oil cooling system油冷却系统oil head受油器oil pressure supply unit油压装置oil reservoir油盆oil sump油箱oil supply system供油系统operating condition运行工况operating pressure运行压力optimum efficiency最优效率optimum operating condition最优工况optimum specific speed最优比转速outer guide ring导水外环outer stay cone贯流式座环外锥段outlet measuring section of turbine水轮机出口面积output power 输出功率outside外表面pad-supporting device 分块瓦式导轴承分块瓦支撑装置painting instruction喷漆规范peak to peak value峰-峰值Pelton turbine水斗式水轮机performance curve运转特性曲线performance curve运转特性曲线performance test性能试验period周期permanent magnet machine 永磁电机permanent split capacitor motor电容起动及运行电动机permissible suction height允许吸出高度phase 相位phase angle相位角pier支墩pier nose liner支墩鼻端里衬pilot exciter副励磁机pipe管pit for pit tubular units竖井贯流式机组机坑pit for vertical units立式机组机坑pit liner机坑里衬Pit tubular unit竖井贯流式机组plane angle平面角planimetric average efficiency积分平均效率plant cavitation coefficient电站空化系数plate 2 parts 分块挡板plate to tube管子端板platform检修平台platform检修平台polyphase machine多相电机pony motor小电动机，同轴小电机potential位置水头potential head位置水头power功率power spectral density功率谱频率pressure 压力pressure balancing pipe压力平衡管pressure balancing pipe压力平衡管pressure fluctuation 压力脉动pressure fluctuation test压力脉动试验pressure head压力水头pressure pulsation压力脉动pressure relief valve泄荷阀pressure test耐压试验pressure-time method压力时间法，吉普逊法primer底漆projection plate护板propeller turbine轴流定桨式水轮机prototype原型机pulse operation of frequency converter变频器脉冲运行pump水泵pump diffuser水泵扩散管pump-turbine水泵水轮机radial flow turbine径流式水轮机radial force径向力radial gate弧形闸门radial pump径流泵，离心泵radial-axial flow turbine混流式水轮机rail to service lorry检修小车导轨rails for runner handling car 转轮运输小车导轨rall gauge导轨间距random error随机误差rated discharge额定流量rated head设计水头rated output power of turbine水轮机额定输出功率rated specific speed额定比转速raw毛料reaction turbine反击式水轮机reactor start split phase motor 电抗起动分相电动机reconducting ring回转环reference drawing参考图纸reference duration of operation基准运行时间regulated machine可调式水力机械regulating guarantee调节保证regulating ring控制环relative efficiency相对效率relative error相对误差reluctance motor磁阻电动机remark标记replaceable可更换的resistance start split phase motor电阻起动分相电动机resonance共振resonance共振，谐振return coefficient返回系数return ring回转环return ring vane反导叶，回转环导叶reverse runaway speed of storage pump蓄能泵反向飞逸转速reversible unit可逆式机组right door wing右侧门rim转子rim seal转子环密封rim-generator tubular unit全贯流式机组ring gate圆筒阀，筒形阀ring in two parts(sealing)调整环（2半）rip 筋rms value均方根值roating转动roof plate horizontal水平顶板roof plate inclined斜顶板root-mean-square value 均方根值root-mean-square value of pressure压力脉动均方根值 fluctuationrotational inertia转动惯量rotational speed转速roughness粗糙度round bar钢棒round bar(to hook)吊耳销runaway speed curve飞逸特性曲线runaway speed of turbine水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed operating condition飞逸工况runaway speed test飞逸转速runner转轮体runner band转轮下环runner blade转轮叶片runner bucket水斗runner cart转轮转运车runner chamber转轮腔runner chamber ring转轮室runner cone转轮泄水锥runner crown转轮上冠runner crown baffle减压板，消能板runner crown chamber转轮上冠腔runner crown cover减压板，消能板runner disk转轮轮盘runner hub转轮体runner plate推力轴承转环，镜板runner removal door转轮检修门runner transport door转轮运输门salient pole machine凸极电机salient pole shoe machine实心极靴电机sand erosion泥沙磨损scale ratio比尺Scoop turbine水斗式水轮机sealing strip密封条second step overspeed contact二级过速触点section剖视sectional area过流面积segment bolt膨胀螺栓semi-axial flow adjustable-blad turbine斜流转桨式水轮机semi-axial flow turbine斜流式/对角式水轮机semi-axialflow pump斜流泵，混流泵semi-Kaplan turbine轴流调桨式水轮机service passage检修通道set of weld bracket焊接支架setting elevation安装高程shaded pole motor 罩极电动机shaft销轴shaft torque pulsation 主轴扭矩脉动shell-supporting device筒式导轴承轴瓦支撑装置shim薄垫片sickles舌板side wall侧壁signal recording time信号记录时间similar operating condition相似工况simple harmonic pulsation简谐脉动simple harmonic vibration简谐振动single-phase machine单相电机single-regulated machine单调式水力机械single-stage machine单级式水力机械slip-ring induction motor绕线转子感应电动机solid content含沙量，含沙浓度solid content passing through hydroturbine过机含沙量solid grain size泥沙粒径solid grain size distribution curve粒径级配曲线solid mineral composition泥沙矿物成分specific energy比能specific speed 比转速specific speed of turbine水轮机的转速，比转速specific weight of turbine水的重度speed increaser齿轮增速箱spherical valve圆筒阀，筒形阀spiral case蜗壳split phase motor分相电动机spot faced锪平squirrel cage induction motor笼型感应电动机standard deviation标准偏差starting circuit起动回路starting equipment起动设备starting resistance起动电阻static discharge head of impulse turbine排出高度static frequency converter静止变频器SFCstatic suction head电站吸出高度static suction head of storage pump吸入高度stationary 静止stay ring座环stay vane固定导叶storage pump蓄能泵straight flow turbine贯流式水轮机S-type tubular unit轴伸贯流式/S形机组suction head loss of storage pump蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suction height吸出高度suction tube尾水管，吸入管suction tube cone尾水管锥管，吸入管锥管suction tube elbow尾水管肘管，吸入管肘管suction tube inlet part 尾水管扩散段，吸入管进口段support支架support plate支板support tube支管suspension eye吊耳synchronous machine同步电机systematic error系统误差tack weld点焊tailwater channel导轨通道tandem (ternary) unit串联（三元）机组temporary flow rate瞬时流量test plan检验，试验计划thermodynamic method热力学法thermodynamic temperature热力学温度thickness厚度thickness of trailing edge of a hydraulic profile出水边厚度Thoma number空化系数，托马数Thoma turbine轴流调桨式水轮机threaded bolt螺栓threaded pin螺栓，圆柱头螺钉thrust bearing推力轴承thrust bearing base plate推力轴承基础板thrust bearing roating ring推力轴承转环，镜板thrust bearing support cone推力轴承支架thrust collar推力头thrust pad推力瓦thrust pad support推力瓦支撑time时间tolerance 公差tolerance of profile 型线偏差tolerance on shape形状偏差top上部torque力矩transient过渡过程tube管tubine housing complete水轮机机壳装配tubine housing welded水轮机机壳焊接tubular turbine贯流式水轮机turbine 水轮机turbine housing 水轮机机壳 turbine inlet water passage水轮机进水流道 turbine input power水轮机输入功率turbine mechanical power loss水轮机机械功率损失turbine output power水轮机输出功率turbine output test水轮机功率试验turbine-type machine汽轮型电机Turgo turbine斜击式水轮机two-value capacitor motor双值电容电动机ultrasonic method声学法，超声波法uncertainty of measurement测量不精确度undervoltage start-up降压起动unit机组unit discharge单位流量unit hydraulic thrust单位水推力unit hydraulic torque单位水力矩unit power单位功率unit runaway speed单位飞逸转速unit speed 单位转速unit with gear box有齿轮增速箱的机组unit with speed increaser有齿轮增速箱的机组unit with starting device有起动装置的机组universal motor交直流两用电动机U-profile槽钢upstream上游侧vapour pressure 汽化压力variance方差velocity速度velocity head速度水头vertical shaft立轴vibration振动vibration acceleration振动加速度vibration diplasement振动位移vibration displacement振动位移vibration velocity振动速度view视图volume体积、容积volumetric method容积法walkway走道盖板washer垫圈water guard 挡水环water guard half挡水环分半water guard in two parts 分半挡水环water guard lower下挡水环water guard upper上挡水环water hammer水锤waterlevel水位、高程waviness波浪度wear plates抗磨板，颊板weighted average efficiency加权平均效率weighted average head加权平均水头wheel轮wicket gate导叶wound-rotor induction motor绕线转子感应电动机zero flow condition零流量工况zero speed contact零转速触点。
水力机械(水轮机、水泵等)专用词汇术语解释及汉英对照
水力机械(水轮机、水泵等）专用词汇术语解释及汉英对照1内容和用途水轮机、水泵等动力机械的专用术语。
适用于制订标准，编写和翻译手册、教材、书刊以及图纸设计等用途。
2基本术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery实现水流机械能和固体机械能之间互相转换的机械。
2.2水轮机hydraulic turbine把水流能量转换成旋转机械能的水力机械。
2.3蓄能泵storage pump抽水蓄能电站中将水从下游提升至上游的水泵。
2.4水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine既可作水轮机运行又可作蓄能泵运行的水力机械，亦称可逆式水轮机。
2.5旋转方向direction of rotation从发电机轴端看到的转轮［叶轮］的旋转方向。
贯流式水轮机则从上游向下游方向看水泵水轮机的旋转方向取水轮机工况的旋转方向。
2.6机组unit用于发电或抽水蓄能的水力机械和电机的组合装置。
2.7水轮机进口测量断面inlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机进口水流能量的断面。
2.8水轮机出口测量断面outlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机出口水流能量的断面。
2.9蓄能泵进口测量断面inlet measuring section of storage pump靠近吸水管或蓄能泵壳进口处的商定断面。
2.10蓄能泵出口测量断面outlet measuring section of storage pump对于开敞式排流渠道，为靠近蓄能泵出口处的商定断面；对于封闭管道，为排水阀上游靠近蓄能泵压水室处的商定断面。
2.11高压测量断面high pressure measuring section水轮机进口测量断面与蓄能泵出口测量断面。
2.12低压测量断面low pressure measuring section水轮机出口测量断面与蓄能泵进口测量断面。
水轮机专用中英文对照
水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机的专用中英文对照术语及简单名称解释2一般术语2.1水力机械 hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机 hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵 storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机 reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向 direction of rotation2.6 机组 unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械 regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械 non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀 main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机 reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机 Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine3.1.3 轴流式水轮机 axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机 Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机 Thoma turbine3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机 Propeller turbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机 tubular turbine，through flow turbine3.1.8灯泡式水轮机 bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机 pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机 straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机） tubular turbine（S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机 diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机 Deriaz turbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump 3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵 propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵 diagonal storage pump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵 multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机 singal stage pump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机 multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀 biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀 cylindrical valve，ring gate3.4.4 球阀 rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀 mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀 needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀 by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀 vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件 embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3蜗壳 spiral case4.1.4座环 stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端 spiral case nose4.1.7基础环 foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管 draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管 conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管 elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管 draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管 draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段 draft tube outlet part4.1.14 尾水管支墩 draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬 draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬 pit liner4.1.17导水机构 distributor4.1.18顶盖 headcover，top cover4.1.19底环 bottom ring，bottom cover4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环 regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂 guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键 split key4.1.24 导叶连杆 guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置 guide vane overload protection device 4.1.26 剪断销 shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置 friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承 guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承 guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封 guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封 guide vane end seal4.1.32 导叶立面密封 guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板 facing plates，wear plates4.1.34导叶限位块 guide vane stop block4.1.35导叶接力器 guide vane servomotor4.1.36 单导叶接力器 individual guide vane servomotor4.1.37 推拉杆 push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴 regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管 balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件 rotating component4.1.41 转轮 runner4.1.42 叶片 blade4.1.43 上冠 crown4.1.44 下环 band4.1.45 泄水锥 runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置 runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环 runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环 stationary wearing ring4.1.49 转轮减压板 decompression plate4.1.50 主轴 main shaft4.1.51 导轴承 guide bearing4.1.52 轴领 guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦 guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体 guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置 main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封 stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓 coupling bolt4.2 轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
水轮发电机英语词汇
Shutdown actuating protection停机联动保护Protection actuation for generator-transformer set 发变组保护联动引出压板Outlet connecting strip矩阵插点Matrix pin 失磁低阻抗field - loss low impedance 开相闭锁open - phase block 95% 定子接地保护95% protection against stator earth fault转子一点接地保护rotor - one point earth protection 220KV侧CT补偿变流器变比：0.43/1 Transformation ratio of CT compensated current transformer on 220KV side：0.43/1发电机侧CT补偿变流器变比：3.72/1 Transformation ratio of generator CT compensated current transformer ：3.72/1 椭圆率ellipticity Connecting strip 压板YH=voltage transformer Steel gasket钢纸垫Disconnectors隔离刀闸earthing blades接地刀闸Hoist电动葫芦，卷扬schematic diagram 示意图dotted line block虚线框restrain excitation inrush current 抑制励磁涌流weight balance "hammer"重操作箱锤bevel wedge斜楔air admission hole进气口single-side gap单边间隙trial operation试运行Bulkhead防水壁one and half breakers一个半断流器（接线方式）percussive drilling冲击钻探Storage battery电瓶6.3KV busbar supplies service power of plant（6.3KV）母线供应厂用电Oil head受油器oil receiver油罐air receiver 储气罐Stop valve截止阀check valve止回阀non-return valve逆止阀gate valve闸阀Nameplate (data plate)铭牌rated value整定值generator longitudinal differential protection发电机纵差保护变比=电流变化比例系数current change proportion coefficient/ transformation radio 防水门bulkhead gate 架平台erect the necessary scaffold；scaffold脚手架国电东北公司人力资源部主任Section Chief of Human Resources of Northeast Branch of National Power Corporation 厂长directorput in service in grid并网发电=operate in grid=incorporate in power network zero-initial step-up voltage test零起升压试验SCR silicon controlled rectifier 可控硅visual annunciator(alarm)光字牌integrate theory with practice理论联系实际Impulse Closing Test for Main Transformer= closing switches at the high voltage side and supply power for main transformer. 合脉冲变试验breach破裂，裂口standby diesel generating unit, bottom gates MS6 (lifting& lowering), work out制定To adjust operation mode of system and equipment to achieve safe, stable and economic operation. To execute weekly program of changing-over operation modes of equipment, Vaseline 凡士林petroleum jelly (=petrolatum)凡士林油, 矿油,石油膏on load带负荷starting under load带负荷起动connect in parallel并联measure insulation摇绝缘wind tunnel/ channel风洞flexible circuit conductor软接手earth dam土坝penstock水渠surge tank浪涌槽tailrace 尾水irrigation canal灌溉渠step-up substation递升变电站switchyard开关站quadrate方形的reinforced concrete加固混凝土attached drawing附图water intake进水power generation(generate electricity)发电irrigation-discharging pipe灌溉排水管, at the intake of the penstock水渠入口, air hole气孔vertical-cylindrical type立柱式Pressure steel pipe压力钢管emergency gate快速门trash rack拦污栅Water sump and drainage equipment集水和排水设备on the left of the powerhouse. Operating oil tank操作油箱insulate oil system绝缘油系统sidewall边墙，侧壁overhead transmission line变送线sigle-busbar connection单母线接线The two units are directly connected with 6.3KV busbar, the voltage stepped up to 34.5KV through an transformer, and linked up with local power system through transformer lines.Hand-operated standby unit手动备用机组Dynamic water动态水prevent the aggravation of the accident防止事故恶化the state of overhauling大修状态hydraulic turbine-generator unit and auxiliary equipment水轮发电机组和附属设备synchronous generator同步发电机/ 配套发电机parameter参数runner diameter转轮直径efficiency效率guarantee保证range of steadyoperating稳定运行范围maximum guaranteed output最大保证出力in no-load以空载inlet pipe进水管distributor导水机构draft tube尾水管hydroenergy (potential energy and kinetic energy)水流的能量(位能和动能) transform into转换成mechanical energy机械能(pl) 用法说明Full directions inside内附详细说明书couples with同…联接can achieve to startup or stop unit, incorporate in power network, add or reduce load.能实现开机、并网、增减负荷和停机。
水轮发电机专业词汇
水轮发电机专业词汇T urbine，Hydraulic turbine, water turbine水轮机rated net head,额定水头max net head,最高水头min net head,最低水头rated discharge,额定流量rated output,额定出力rated speed,额定转速max runaway speed,飞逸转速submergence,吸出高度spiral case assembly,蜗壳装配distributor，导水机构governing system,调速机构main guide bearing,导轴承main shaft seal,主轴密封opening，开度runner hub assembly，转动机构draft tube，尾水管draft tube cone，尾水锥管elbow bend，肘管stay ring，座环bottom ring，基础环anchorage，锚具、锚地head cover，顶盖runner hub，转子体blade 叶片turbine shaft，水机轴main shaft主轴spiral case，蜗壳wicket gate，stay vane，固定导叶guide vane,活动导叶bottom ring，底环runner crown，上冠runner band，下环pressure side of blade，叶片正弧suction side of blade，叶片背弧guide vane sleeve,导叶套筒regulating ring，控制环runner,转轮runner diameter 转轮直径runner blade，转轮叶片discharge ring，runner housing，转轮室governor，speed governor调速器pedestal,底座（接力器）governing shaft,调速轴push-pull rod,推拉杆guide bearing,导轴承rotating sump,转动油盆bearing shell,轴承体bearing pad,轴瓦cooler assembly,冷却器装配vacuum break valve,真空破坏阀dewatering valve,盘型阀servomotor，接力器servomotor cylinder，接力器缸embedded parts，埋入件generator,发电机stator，定子rotor转子coil，线圈，绕组energizing coil，励磁线圈stator core，定子铁芯stator winding，定子绕组bus，母线switchboard，配电盘governor，调速器upper bracket,上机架lower bracket,下机架Air coolers,空气冷却器main shaft,主轴upper cover,端盖lower air guide cover,下挡风板Jack,千斤顶guide bearing,导轴承taper pin,定位销oil cooler,油冷却器guide bearing shoe,导轴瓦brake，制动器foundation of generator,发电机基础grounding brush,接地碳刷collector ring 集电环brush 电刷lead，引出线control cabinet，控制柜valve，阀门butterfly valve，蝶阀manual，automatic，hydraulic，手动，自动，液压pump，泵Powerhouse&Equipment 厂房Power plant发电厂hydro power plant，HPP 水电站Water turbine generator ，hydro generator水轮发电机main power house，主厂房generator floor，发电机层turbine floor，水轮机层auxiliary powerhouse，副厂房erection bay，安装间cable room,电缆室ventilation room,通风机房high voltage test room,高压试验室Service powers switchgear,厂用配电装置high voltage panel room,高压盘柜室Central control room,中控室relay protection room,继电保护室Dam 坝coffer，cofferdam 围堰Gate 闸门crane 起重机V ertical lathe立车horizontal lathe 卧车Boring 铣床machining center，加工中心Auxiliary system,辅助设备系统governor cubicle/cabinet，调速器柜oil pressure tank，压力油罐air compressor，空压机extinguisher，灭火器lighting equipment，照明设备submersible pump，潜水泵water filter,滤水器vertical pump,立式泵Oil pump,油泵dry type submersible pump,干式潜水泵Switch box,照明箱precision filter,精密过滤器sector gate，弧型闸门fixed wheel plane gate，定轮平面闸门trash rack，拦污栅sill，底坎main guide，主轨auxiliary guide，副轨reverse guide，反轨side guide，侧轨lintel，门楣seal，水封wire rope hoist，固定卷扬机hydraulic hoist，液压启闭机bridge crane，桥机gantry crane，门机tower crane，塔吊tool for lifting 吊装工具hydraulic jack液压千斤顶Others 其它Tubular 贯流Bulb turbine灯泡贯流Francis混流Kaplan轴流Impulse 冲击Pump-turbine水泵Cavitation 气蚀welding，焊接Casting，铸造Babbitt metal，巴氏合金Guide vane，导叶cavitation，气蚀、空化。
水轮机词汇（1）
水轮机词汇（1）Aaccess door 检修门accessory 附件、零件accuracy 准确性、精密度acting head 有效水头action turbine 冲击式水输机action wheel 主动轮、冲击式水轮active power 有功功率Adjustable and fixed-blade propeller hydraulic turbine 轴流式水轮机adjustable blade propeller turbine 轴流转浆式水轮机adjustable bolt 调整螺栓adjustable clearance 可调间隙adjustable ring 控制环adjusting nut 调整螺母adjusting screw 校正螺丝、调整螺丝air conduit 通风道、风管air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling system 气冷系统air currant 气流air cylinder 气缸air draft 通风道、排气道air inlet 进气口air-inlet valve 进气阀门air-release valve 放气阀门air valve 空气阀、气阀、气门annual energy output 年发电量applied hydraulics 实用水力学applied mechanics 应用力学assemble 装配assembler 装配工assembler drawing 装配图assembly shop 装配车间automatic control 自动控制automatic control valve 自动控制阀automatic governor 自动调速器automatic pressure reducing valve自动减压阀automatic regulation (autoregulation) 自动调节auxiliary apparatus 辅助设备auxiliary equipment 辅助设备auxiliary machinery 辅助机械auxiliary station 辅电厂、辅厂房available capacity 有效容量available discharge (flow) 可用流量available head 可用水头available hydraulic head 有效水头available power 可用出力available storage 有效库容average flow 平均流量average head 平均水头average over-all efficiency 平均总效率average speed 平均速率、平均转速average velocity 平均速度axis 轴线axial cam 轴向凸轮axial flow 轴流axial flow hydraulic turbine轴流式水轮机axial force 轴向力axial inflow velocity 轴向流入速度BBabbitt 巴氏合金Back view 后视图Ball bearing 滚珠轴承、球轴承Banki turbine 双击式水轮、彭基式水轮机Base 基础、基线Base flow 基本流量Base level 基准面Base line(basic line) 基线、底线Bearing 轴承Bearing pad 钨金轴承Bearing body 轴承体Bearing flange 轴承法兰Bearing ring 轴承套圈Blade 叶片Blade seal ring 叶片密封装Bolt 螺栓Bolt pin 螺栓销Bottom cover 底盖Bottom outlet 泄水底孔Bottom view 底视图Brake 制动闸、制动器Brake horse power(B.H.P.) 制动马力Bucket（浇混凝土的）吊桶、（冲击式水轮机的）水斗Bulb tubular turbine 灯泡型贯流式水轮机Buried depth 埋设深度Buried penstock 埋藏式压力水管Butterfly valve 蝴蝶阀by-pass 支流，溢流渠，旁通管by-pass tunnel 旁通隧洞by-pass valve 旁通阀CCage screen 笼形拦污栅Cam 凸轮Calculated flow rate 计算流量Capacity 容量，功率cast-iron 铸铁，生铁cast-steel 铸钢cavitation 汽蚀cavitation coefficient 汽蚀系数cement 水泥centrifugal nozzle 离心式喷嘴centrifuge 离心机chamber 室characteristic curve 特性曲线circulate circulation 循环，环流circulating current 环流circulating pipe 循环水管clearance 间隙，余隙，空隙clearance leakage 间隙漏水clearance loss 间隙损失coarse rack 粗格拦污栅coefficient of percolation 渗透系数coefficient of roughness 粗糙系数、糙率concrete dam 混凝土坝conduit (conduit pipe) 输水道connecting bar 连接杆connecting bolt 连接螺栓connecting lever 连接杆connecting link 连杆connecting rod 连接杆constant-pressure turbine 冲击式水轮机control mechanism 控制机构control ring 控制环control valve 控制阀control valve dial 控制阀指度盘convey tunnel 输水隧洞conveyance channel 输水渠conveyer 输送机covered way 廊道covering 复盖物，套，罩crest discharge 洪峰流量，过顶流量critical depth of flow (water) 临界水深critical flow 临界流量critical head 临界水头cross-flow turbine 双击式水轮机cross-head 操作架current meter 流速仪current off water 水流DDaily output 日产量Deflector 折向器Degree of accuracy 准确度Degree of hardness 硬度Demand curve 需（水、电）量曲线Deriaz turbine 斜流式水轮机，德利埃兹式水轮机Design drawing (design paper) 设计图纸Design flow 设计流量Detail drawing 细节图，零件图Diagonal flow turbine 斜流式水轮机Discharge 流量，设计流量Distributing net (distribution network) 配水网，配电网Distribution substation 配电（变电）所Draft tube 尾水管draft-tube gate 尾水闸门drain pipe 排水管drain valve 排水阀drive shaft bearing 主动轴轴承driven shaft 从动轴driving gear 传动齿轮，主动齿轮driving mechanism 传动机构driving shaft 主动轴EEddy 涡流，漩涡Eddy loss 涡流损失Effective flow 有效流量Effective (net) head 有效水头efficiency 效率efficiency hill 等效率图efficiency of transmission 传递效率，输电效率efficiency test 效率试验elbow 弯头，弯管electric circuit 电路electric circuit 电流electric installation 电气装置，electric mains 主电线，输电干线electric power plant 发电厂electric power station 发电站electric welding 电焊electrical equipment 电气设备electrical installation 电气安装，电气设备electrical power 电力electrical power transmission 电力输送end view 端视图engine 发动机，引擎engine shaft发动机轴erecting shop 装配间erection 架设，安装erection diagram装配图，安装图Excite (v.) Excitation (n.) 励磁Exciter 励磁机Exciting coil 励磁线圈FFpm (foot per minute) 每分钟尺数ft-LB 尺磅field test 现场试验field work 现场工作，野外工作fitter 装配工fitting 配件，装配fixed blade propeller turbine 轴流定浆式水轮机flange 法兰，凸缘flanged connection 法兰联接flow 流，水流，流量flow curve 流量曲线flow line 流线flow line production 流水作业法foot (feet) 脚，尺foot screw 底脚螺丝Francis turbine 混流式水轮机，法兰西斯水轮机Front view 前视图，正面图GGear, pinion 齿轮Gear shift 变速器Gear shift housing 变速箱General drawing 总图General layout 总体布置Generator 发电机generator eotor 发电机转子generator shaft 发电机轴generator stator 发电机定子gland 压盖governing 管理，调节，调速governor 调节器，调速器gross area 总面积gross head 总水头gross power 总功率gross weight 毛重guide apparatus 导水机构guide bearing 导轴承guide beating bracket 导轴承托架guide ring 导环guide spindle 导轴guide spindle bearing 导轴轴承guide vane 导叶guide vane arm 导叶拐臂guide-vane channel 导叶流道guide vane lever 导叶臂杆guide vane opening 导叶开度guide wheel 导轮HHead cover 顶盖Horizon 地平线Horizontal 水平的Horizontal axis 横轴，水平轴Horizontal engine 卧式发动机Horizontal shaft 水平轴，横轴Horizontal turbine 卧式水轮机Horse power 马力Housing 机壳Hydraulic 水的，水力的，液压的Hydraulic bore 水力钻孔Hydraulic characteristic 水力特性hydraulic design 水力计算，水力设计hydraulic development 水力开发hydraulic efficiency 水力效率hydraulic engineering 水利工程hydraulic generator 水轮机发电机hydraulic loss 水力损失hydraulic machinery 水力机械hydraulic power 水力，水能hydraulic power plant 水力发电厂hydraulic radius 水力半径hydraulic turbine 水轮机hydro-power 水力hydroelectric 水电的hydroelectric board 水电局hydroelectric plant 水电厂，水电站IImpeller 叶轮Impeller blade 叶轮叶片Impulse 脉冲，冲击Impulse turbine 冲击式水轮机Inlet elbow 喷管Input 进量，入量，输入量Input power 输入功率Install (Vt.) 安装Installation (n.) 安装，设备Installation diagram 安装图Installation work 安装工程Installed capacity 装机容量Instruction book 说明书JJet 喷射，射流jet barker 射流制动器jet deflector 射流折向器jet diameter 射流直径jet nozzle 喷嘴KKaplan turbine 轴流转浆式水轮机，卡普兰式水轮机Key 键，钥匙key slot 键槽Kilogram (kg.) 公斤，千克Kilometer (km.) 公里，千米Kilowatt (kW.) 千瓦LLabyrinth 迷宫Labyrinth seal ring 迷宫止漏环Layout 定线，绘样，设计，布置，规划Level 水位，水平面Lined 有衬砌的Liner 轴瓦，衬套，衬砌Link 连杆Link arm 连杆臂Link pin 联节销Long ton 长吨，英吨（=2240磅=1.016吨）Longitudinal axis 纵轴lube-oil, lubricating 润滑油lubricant grease 润滑脂lubricator 加油器，油杯，油壶MMachine 机器Machinery 机械Machining 机加工Main 主要的，总的；总渠，干线Main bearing 主轴承Main drain 总排水管Main driving wheel 主动轮Main generating room 主发电机室Main machine hall 主厂房Main shaft 主轴Main steam 干流，主流Main valve 主阀Master control room 中央控制室Master link 主连杆Master plan 总体规划Master switch 总开关Maximum flow 最大流量Maximum head 最高水头Maximum headwater 上游最高水位Maximum output 最大出力，最大功率Maximum permissible revolution 最大许可转数Maximum revolution 最大转数Mechanical efficiency 机械效率Minimum clearance 最小间隙Minimum diameter 最小直径Minimum flow 最小流量Minimum head 最小水头Mixed flow turbine 混流式水轮机Model 模型model test 模型试验motor 发动机，电动机，马达movable propeller turbine 轴流转浆式水轮机NNail 钉子Needle 喷针Needle stem 喷针杆nozzle 喷嘴nozzle diameter 喷嘴直径nut 螺帽，螺母Ooil 油，石油oil can 油壶oil casing 油箱oil channel 油槽oil circuit 油路oil circuit breaker 油断路器，油开关oil collector 集油装置oil distributor 受油器oil filter 滤油器oil pressure 油压力oil pressure supply system 油压装置oil pressure gage 油压计oil pump 油泵oil supply line 操作油管，供油线oil valve 油阀operating characteristic 运行特性operating condition 运行情况，运行条件operating efficiency 运行效率operating lever 操纵杆operating mechanism 操作机械operating valve 操作阀outlet valve 泄水阀outlet work 泄水工程output 产量，出力，输出output loss 产量损失，出力损失output power 输出功率output design 总体设计overall dimension 总尺寸，外形尺寸overall efficiency 总效率overall height 总高度overall length 全长overpressure turbine 反击式水轮机PPacking box 填料箱Packing box cover 填料箱盖Packing gland 压垫盖Parts 部分，零件Peak 峰，最高点，洪峰，峰荷Peak flow 洪峰流量Peak load 峰荷Pelton turbine 水斗式水轮机，贝尔顿式水轮机Penstock 压力钢管Percentage of speed rise 转速上升率Percentage of speed drop 转速下降率Percentage of pressure rise 压力上升率Performance 性能，运行Performance measurement 性能测定，工况测定Periphery 园周Pilot bearing 导轴承Pin 销，针Pin hole 销孔pipe, piping 管子，管路pit liner 机坑里衬pitometer 毕托管测压器pitot tube 毕托管power input 输入功率power loss 功率损失power plant 动力设备，电厂，电站power supply 动力供应，电源，供电pressure regulator 调压阀pressure turbine 反击式水轮机propeller 推进器，螺旋浆propeller blade 螺旋浆叶pump水泵pump capacity 水泵出水率pump output 抽水量push and pull rod 推拉杆Rradial-axial flow turbine 混流式水轮机radial direction 径向radial distance 径向距离radial flow 幅向流radial flow turbine 幅向轴流式水轮机radial inward flow 径向内流radial outward flow 径向外流rate （比）率，价格rate of change 变化率rate of discharge 流量rate of flow 流量rate of speed 速率rated capacity 额定容量rated head 额定水头rated horse power 额定马力rated load 额定负荷rated output 额定出力rated power 额定功率rated specific speed 额定比转速rated speed 额定转速rated voltage 额定电压reaction 反作用reaction turbine 反击式水轮机reaction water wheel 反击式水轮receiver 贮气筒relief valve 安全阀，减压阀reversible motor 可逆电动机reversible pump turbine 可逆式水泵水轮机revolution 旋转，转数revolution counter 转数表Revolution per minute (r.p.m) 每分钟转数Reynold's number 雷诺数Ring 环，圈River 江，河River bed 河床River fall 河流落差River level 河水位Rivet 铆钉Rocker arm 转臂Roller bearing 滚柱轴承Rotary 旋转的Rotary displacement pump 回转容积泵Rotary motion 旋转运动Rotary pump 回转泵Rotary shaft 转动轴Rotary valve 球形阀，旋转阀Rotor 转子Run 跑，流动，流程，运转run-of-river plant 巡流式水电站run-off 巡流runaway speed 飞逸转速runner （水轮机的）转轮runner band 下环runner blade 轮叶runner casing 转轮外壳runner chamber 转轮室runner cone 泄水锥runner crown 上冠runner housing 转轮室runner hub 转轮体runner seal ring 转轮止水环SSafe range 安全范围Safety valve 安全阀Schematic 概略的，简要的Schematic drawing 示意图Scheme 方案，格式，简图Screw 螺丝，螺旋，螺钉Screw driver 螺丝起子Screw pump 螺旋泵Seal 止水，密封，填缝Seal coat 防水层Seal ring 封水环，止水环Sealing 止水，密封，填缝Section 段，部分，剖面，截面Sectional 分段的，局部的，截面的Sectional area 截面积Sectional drawing 截面图Sectional view 断面图，剖视图servo-motor 接力器servo-motor piston 接力器活塞shaft 轴skin 表皮skin area 表面积skin friction 表面磨擦specific 特殊的，专用的specific gravity 比重specific speed 比转速specific weight 比重specifications 规范，规格，说明书specimen 试件，样品，范本，标本speed 速度，速率，转速speed adjustment 转速调正speed change 转速变化speed change box 变速箱speed-control mechanism 转速控制机构speed governor 调速器speed ratio 转速比speed regulator 调速器speed ring 调速环speed-rise 转速升高speedometer 速度计，里程计spherical valve 球形阀spindle 心轴spiral 螺线，螺旋spiral case (casing) 蜗壳standard 标准standard specifications 标准规范static draft head 吸出高度static suction head 吸出高度stator（发电机）定子stay 支撑，停留stay ring （水轮机）座环stay vane（水轮机）固定导叶stay-vane ring 固定导叶环suspension bearing 轴承TTable 表，目录Tapping 攻螺丝Technology 工艺学Thrust bearing 推力轴承Top plate 顶盖Transformer 变压器Transmission case 传动箱Transmission line 输电线Transmission loss 传递损失，输电损失Transmission shaft 传动轴Tube tubing 管，管路Tubular 管状，筒形Tubular turbine 贯流式水轮机Turbine 水轮机，涡轮，透平Turbine cavitation factor 水轮机汽蚀系数Turbine dynamometer 水轮机测功机Turbine efficiency 水轮机效率Turbine head cover 水轮机顶盖Turbine inlet bend 水轮机进水弯管Turbine shaft 水轮机轴Twin water turbine 双转轮水轮机Type 型，类型，型号U Undershot water wheel 下击式水轮机Unit discharge 单位流量Unit power 单位功率Unit speed 单位转速VVacuum break valve 真空破坏阀Valve 阀Vane 叶片，轮叶variable speed 变速variable velocity 变速，变速度Venturi meter 文德里流量计Venturi tube 文德里管vertical view 立视图vibrating table 震动台vibration proof 防震view 图，视图volt 伏特，伏voltmeter 伏特计，电压表voltage 电压，伏特数voltage adjuster 电压调整器volumetric efficiency 容积效率WWasher 垫圈Water circulation 水循环Water discharge 排水量Water filter 滤水器Water inlet 进水口Water level 水位，水准Water outlet 出水口Water power 水力，水能Water power engineering 水力发电工程Water project 水利工程Water proof 防水Water seal joint 止水缝Water sealing 止水，防漏，防渗Water turbine 水轮机Water turbine generator set 水轮机电机表Water wheel 水轮，水车Watt 瓦，瓦特watt hour 瓦（特小）时watt meter 瓦特计working drawing 制图表，加工图worm and sector steering device 蜗杆与扇形齿轮转向装置worm wheel dial 蜗轮标度盘汉英对照水轮机专业术语分类目录序号名称备注S-1 水轮机型式S是"水轮机"一词的汉语S-2 水轮机特性拼音的第一个字母S-3 水轮机工作参数S-4 水轮机结构S-5 水轮机辅助设备S-1 水轮机型式S-1-1 水轮机water turbine, HydraulicturbineS-1-2 反击式水轮机reaction turbine, Overpressure turbine, Pressure turbineS-1-3 混流式水轮机Francis turbine,Radial-axial flow turbine, Mixed flow turbineS-1-4 轴流式水轮机axial flow hydraulicturbineS-1-5 轴流转浆式水轮机Kaplan turbine,Movable blade propeller turbine, Adjustableblade propeller TurbineS-1-6 轴流定浆式水轮机propeller turbine,Fixed blade propeller TurbineS-1-7 斜流式水轮机diagonal flow turbine,Deriaz turbineS-1-8贯流式水轮机tubular turbine,S-1-9灯泡型贯流式水轮机bulb tubularturbineS-1-10冲击式水轮机impulse turbine,Action turbine, Constant-pressure turbineS-1-11水斗式水轮机pelton turbine,Impulse turbineS-1-12双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine, Banki turbine S-1-13可逆式水轮机reversible pump turbineS-1-14双转轮水轮机twin water turbineS-1-15转轮型号runner typeS-2 水轮机特性S-2-1 单位流量unit discharge, unit flowS-2-2 单位功率unit power, unit outputS-2-3 单位转率unit speedS-2-4 水轮机效率turbine efficiencyS-2-5 水力效率hydraulic efficiencyS-2-6 机械效率mechanical efficiencyS-2-7 容积效率volumetric efficiencyS-2-8 汽蚀cavitationS-2-9 汽蚀系数cavitation factor, cavitation coefficientS-2-10 轴向力axial forceS-2-11 比转速specific speedS-3S-3-1 最高水头maximum headS-3-2 平均水头average head, mean headS-3-3 最低水头minimum headS-3-4 水轮机流量rate of flow, discharge S-3-5 设计流量rated flow (discharge)S-3-6 水轮机功率output, capacity,horsepowerS-3-7 额定功率（出力）rated power (output)S-3-8 最大功率（出力）maximum power(output)S-3-9 额定转速rated speedS-3-10 飞逸转速runaway speedS-3-11 转速上升率percentage of speed riseS-3-12 转速下降率percentage of speeddropS-3-13 压力上升率percentage of pressureriseS-3-14 吸出高度static draft head, Staticsuction headS-3-15 射流直径jet diameterS-3-16 喷嘴直径nozzle diameterS-4 水轮机结构S-4-1 机座housingS-4-2 转轮runnerS-4-3 轮叶runner vane (blade)S-4-4 斗叶bucketS-4-5 上冠runner crownS-4-6 下环runner bandS-4-7 泄水锥runner cone, draft coneS-4-8 主轴main shaftS-4-9 主轴承main bearingS-4-10 导轴承guide bearingS-4-11 轴承体bearing housingS-4-12 轴瓦bearing padS-4-13 毕托管piton tubeS-4-14 填料箱packing housing (box)S-4-15 填料箱盖packing housing (box) coverS-4-16 压垫盖packing glandS-4-17 导水机构guide apparatusS-4-18 导叶guide vaneS-4-19 导叶臂guide vane leverS-4-20 连杆linkS-4-21 转臂rocker armS-4-22 控制机构control mechanismS-4-23 顶盖head cover, Top plateS-4-24 底环bottom coverS-4-25 止漏环（迷宫环）labyrinth sealS-4-26 控制环control ring, Adjustable ring S-4-27 接力器servo-motorS-4-28 接力器活塞servo-motor pistonS-4-29 蜗壳spiral casingS-4-30 座环stay ring, speed ringS-4-31 固定导叶stay vaneS-4-32 叶片密封装置blade seal ringS-4-33 尾水管draft tubeS-4-34 机坑里衬pit linerS-4-35 转轮体runner hubS-4-36 转轮室runner housingS-4-37 操作架cross-headS-4-38 受油器oil distributorS-4-39 操作油管，供油线oil supply lineS-4-40 水斗bucketS-4-41 喷管inlet elbowS-4-42 喷嘴nozzleS-4-43 喷针needleS-4-44 喷针杆needle stemS-4-45 折向器deflector ,jet deflectorS-4-46 射流制动器jet barkerS-4-47 蝴蝶阀butterfly valveS-4-48 球形阀rotary valve, spherical valve S-5水轮机辅助设备S-5-1 调速器governor, regulatorS-5-2 油压装置oil pressure supply system S-5-3 集油装置oil collectorS-5-4 滤水器water filterS-5-5 调压阀pressure regulatorS-5-6 空气阀air valveS-5-7 真空破坏阀vacuum break valveS-5-8旁通阀by-pass valve。
水力机械专业单词翻译(专业词汇)
水电能源学 Science of HydrOelectric Energy水电站过渡过程的特殊问题 Special Problems in the Transition of a Hydropower Station水电站计算机控制 Computer Control in Hydropower Station水电站经济运行 Economic Operation in Hydropower Station水电站控制系统分析 Analysis of Control System in Hydropower Station水电站自动化 Automation of Hydropower Station水动力学 Water Dynamics水机工艺结构分析 Technics Structure Analysis of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械测试技术 Test Technique of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械的汽蚀 Gas Etching of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械调节 Adjustment of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械强度计算 Intensity Calculation of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械原理 Principles of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械制造工艺及结构分析 Manufacturing Technique & Structure Analysis of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械制造工艺学 Manufacturing Technique for Hydraulic Machinery水力学 Hydraulics水轮机 Water-Turbine Engine水轮机调节 Water-Turbine Engine Adaptation水轮机调节系统 Adaptive System of Water-Turbine Engine水轮机水力设计 Hydraulic Design of Water Engine水轮机原理及水力设计 Principles of Water-Turbine Engine & Design of Water Engine水轮机原理与CAD Principle of Water-Turbine Engine & CAD水轮水力设计 Hydraulic Design of Water Engine水现代控制理论 Modern Theory of Water Controlling水质稳定技术 Stability Technique of Water Quality液压测试技术 Hydraulic Test Technique液压传动 Hydraulic Transmission液压传动系统 Hydraulic Power Transmission System液压传动系统设计 Hydraulic Power Transmission System Designing液压概论 Introduction to Hydraulics液压流体力学 Hydro-mechanics液压伺服系统 Hydrauservo System液压随动系统 Hydraulic Slave System液压系统的模拟机分析 Analysis of Simulator of Hydraulic System液压系统数字仿真 Digital Imitation in Hydraulic System液压系统污染控制 Pollution Control in Hydraulic System液压元件 Hydraulic Elements液压元件课程设计 Course Exercise in Hydraulic Elements平时所收集的电力词汇abrasion-Proof component of burner 燃烧器耐磨件arm-brace 撑脚ash conditoner 调灰器basket removal panel 元件盒检修护板BDV blow down valve 疏水阀，排污阀blind 堵板blind flange 法兰堵板/盲板法兰（盖calling 催交campell diagram 叶片埃贝尔曲线steam hamerring analysis 汽锤分析steam packing unloading valve 汽封卸载阀steam purity 蒸汽纯度steam seal diverting valve 汽封分流阀steam seal feed valve 汽封给水阀steam water mixture 汽水混合物steel bar 扁钢steel supporting 钢支架steel wire brush 钢丝轮steel works 钢结构step load change 负荷阶跃still air 蒸馏气体stirrup 镫形夹stoikiometric ratio 化学当量比stopper 制动器、塞子storage vessell 贮水箱stppage alarm 停转报警stranded copper cable 铜绞线电缆strength 强度strong backs 支撑stud bolt 柱头螺栓、双头螺栓sub cooling line 欠热管submerged arc welding 埋弧焊substation 配电装置substation island 电气岛superficial corrosion 表面腐蚀superheat 过热度supersaturation 过饱和supervisory instrument 监测装置supply transformer 供电变压器support trunnion 支撑端轴surfactant 表面活性剂surge 喘振suspended diode 中断二极管suspended particles 悬浮颗粒switch board 开关柜switch gear 开关柜sychronization 并网sychroscope 同步指示器、同步示波器T square 丁字尺T/G transformer 发变组tackling system 起吊系统tamped/compacted backfill 夯实回填土tanks and accessories 箱罐和附件taper land thrust bearing 斜面式推力轴承tar epoxy paint 柏油环氧漆tarpaulin 防水布temperature digital display meter 温度数显表tensile test 拉伸试验tension test 拉伸试验，张力试验tensioning rod 拉杆terminal box 接线盒terminal poit 接口termination flange 接口法兰tertiary air 三次风test connection 试验接头test permition 试验合格the expansion coordinate system 热膨胀系统theodilite\transit instrument 经纬仪thermal insulatiion for tuebine casing 汽缸保温thermo resistor 热电阻thermostat 恒温器、恒温调节器thinner 稀释剂threaded flange 螺纹法兰throudh type 直通式、穿入式through bolt 贯穿螺栓、双头螺栓thrust plate 推力板tier tube 间隔管tilting pad 可倾瓦块tilting pad bearing 可倾瓦块轴承tip shroud 围带、环形叶栅外柱面tip speed 叶顶速度toe board/plate (kick plate) 踢脚板top crown plate seal 高冠板式密封装置top girder 顶板top penthouse 顶部雨棚top plan view 俯视图torquemeter 扭矩测量仪totalnumber of welding 焊口总数trajectory 轨道、轨迹transducer board 变送器屏transfer pipe 引出管transition piece 过渡连接件transtion piece 过渡段transverse strength 弯曲强度、抗挠强度transverse stress 横向应力、弯曲应力transverse test 抗弯试验trapezoid corrugated plate seperater 梯形波形板分离器、顶帽travelling crab 小车起重机travelling hoist 移动卷扬机tread width 踏步宽度trestle 组合支架trim and grind the welding 修磨焊点trisector air preheater 三分仓空预器trunk cable pair 主电缆对trunnion air seal assembly 端轴空气密封tube exchanger 管式热交换器tubing stress analysis 管系应力分析turbidity analyser 浊度分析仪turbine lube oil and conditioning system 汽机润滑油及净化系统turning oil 循环油twisted pair conveyer 双绞线传送器undercut 坡口underflow 地流、潜流、下溢union 活接头、管节unit control 单元控制unloadding spout vent fan 卸料口通风风机unloading valve 卸载阀urgent need equipment 急需设备urgtented need equipment 急需设备u-shape hanger chains u 形曲链片吊挂装置UT ultrasonic testing 超声波探伤UTS ultimate tensible strength 极限抗拉强度vacuum belt filter 皮带真空吸滤器valve opening chart at load rejection 甩负荷阀门开启阀valve seat body seat 阀座valve spindle 阀轴、阀杆valve stem 阀杆vapor proof 防水灯variable inlet guide vane centrifugal fan 进口可调导叶离心式风机variable moning blade axial flow fan 动叶可调轴流式风机variable moving blade double stage axial fan 动叶可调双级轴流式风机variable speed driver 变速马达variables 变量vent capacity 排放量vent line 放气管ventilator valve 通风阀vernier caliper 游标卡尺vertical deflection 垂直挠度vertical movement 垂直位移vertical spindle coal pulveriser 立式磨煤机vibration isolation 隔振装置viewing lamp 观察指示灯viscosity 粘滞度、内摩擦viscous fluid 粘性液体visual examination of coating 外观质量vlve body 阀体void 无效volatily 挥发分voltage class 电压等级vortex gasket 涡流垫片wall type and retractable soot blower 墙式、伸缩式吹灰器warm air curtain 热风幕rwarming line 加热管water balance 水平衡water induction prevent control 防进水控制water level gauge 水位计water stop flange 止水法兰water supply facility island 水工岛wear hardness 可抗磨能力wear template 防磨板wearing bush 防磨套wearing plate 防磨板、护板weigh feeder 重量计量进料器weld bolt 焊接螺栓weld contamination 焊接杂质weld groove 焊缝坡口weld pass 焊道weld penetration 熔深weld preparation 焊缝坡口加工weld with shop beveled ends 工厂加工坡口焊接welder helment 面罩welding line 焊缝welding plate flange 焊接板式法兰welding rod 焊条welding rods dryer barrel 焊条保温筒welding run 焊道welding seam 对接焊缝welding technological properties 焊接工艺性能welding tool 电焊钳welding torch 焊枪welding wire 焊丝welds counting quantity 焊口统计数量wellington boot 防水长统靴whirl plate 折流板wide column 宽立柱winding resistance 绕组电阻wire feed speed 送丝速度wire netting/metal mesh 铁丝网wire wool 擦洗用的）钢丝绒，百洁丝withstand voltage test 耐压试验working medium 工质worm hole （焊缝）条虫状气孔yield strength 屈服强度yoke 磁轭、人孔压板、座架联板firproof paint 防火漆manifold valve 汇集阀saw trace 锯痕tapping point 取样点bushing current transformer 套管式电流互感器light gauge plate/sheet 薄钢板notch 槽口、凹口holding strip 压板straight edge 校正装置trailing edge 后缘lance 喷枪lighting off 点火gaseous fuel 气体燃料entrain 夹带、传输combustion air 助燃风hot stand by 热备用水利、土木、岩石专业词汇生态开发整治工程 ecological exploitation and regulation project Segregation 骨料分离Macadam 碎石Screed 抹面用的刮板南水北调 south-to-north water diversion. •,南水北调工程 divert water from the south to the north project 总规划面积the total planning area干燥少雨 dry and rainless水系 water system断流discontinuous flow沙化desertification污染源pollution source水源地waterhead area地下水开采量amount of groundwater mining供水量service discharge总体规划general planning一期工程first phase of construction总投资gross investment污水治理工程waste water treatment project污水处理厂sewage treatment plant排水管网network of drains生态防护林 ecological shelter forest总面积gross area两岸side banks防洪工程flood control project导流堤training wall基础设施 infrastructure路网road net防洪prevent or control flood汊河anabranch跌水drop河道river course复式断面compound cross section现浇混凝土on-site concrete预制混凝土precast concrete防渗结构seepage prevention示意图schematic diagram自然植被vegetation绿化带 green belt湿地wetland/marsh橡胶坝rubber damBulkhead Gate 检修门，预备门Emergency Gate 事故闸门，检修闸门Frame crane 龙门吊Frequency converter 变频机Parallel to the flow direction 顺水流方向Transverse to the flow direction 垂直水流方向SEZ special economic zone 经济特区Settlement 沉陷，沉降SE by E =southeast by east 东南偏东Supporting ring 支承环；垫环Setting retarder 缓凝剂Service gate 工作闸门Stoplog gate 叠梁门Submerged gate 水下闸门Self-collapsing gate 自溃闸门Draft tube gate 尾水闸门Backwater gate 挡潮闸门，防倒灌闸门8-tonne self propelled vibrating roller 8 吨振动碾a complete set of equipment 成套设备accumulation of stress 应力集中air-condition 空调alluvium [地]冲积层, 淤积层anti-abrasion concrete 耐磨混凝土as-built drawings 竣工图asphaltic 沥青bench 马道bid 出价，投标blasting cap 起爆雷管borehole 钻孔borrow 土料场catchment 集水区域closestool 马桶corbel-piece 牛腿CUT OFF WALL 齿槽culvert 涵洞dam base width 大坝底宽elevation 立视图，高程free draining 自由穿流genset=generate set 发电机gevr=grout enriched vibratable rcc 变态混凝土ha. 公倾hand operated vibrating roller 手扶振动碾fire hydrant 消防栓fire fighting 消防inspect 监理invert slab 底板joint venture 联营体LIFT 浇筑层mobile crane 汽车吊mortar 灰浆overhead 管理费parapet 栏杆, 低墙, 扶手, 胸墙rear elevation 后视图reservoir 水库, 蓄水池small backhoe 挖机soil nail 土锚钉sub-contractor 分包商switching station 开关站tipping trucks 自卸车truck with grout mixer and water tank 搅拌车Weathered 被风化的Release agent 脱模剂Segment gate 弧形闸门Overflow gate 溢流式闸门Overpour gate 顶溢式闸门Jet-flow gate 射流式闸门Minute - Minute of Progress Meeting 会议纪要Claim - 索赔、进度付款(Progressive claim)Contigency - 不可预见费Lump Sum - 总价，与单价项目对应Truss 桁架Client - 业主，有时用Employer 很少Consultant - 一般为设计咨询, Advisor 比Consultant 更高一级的咨询Supervisor - 监理人员fault - 断层Bench - 马道，有用berm 的Rebar 指螺纹钢筋而bar 统指钢筋Admixture 外加剂Additive 掺和料Workability 混凝土的和易性Binder of concrete 胶凝材料Diversion Tunnel 导流洞Saddle Dam - 副坝Piping - 管涌Packer Test -压水试验 Lugeon值是帷幕灌浆的主要参数倒虹吸 - SiphonCulvert - 涵管Aqueduct - 渡槽Chainage - Residual Distance （R.D.）桩号Grout - 浆液\灌浆Grout mix - 混合浆液Take of grout - 吃(耗)浆量Setting - 混凝土凝固，养护-curingTest fill - 碾压试验Seepage - 渗透Failure against seepage - 渗透破坏Failure against sliding - 滑动破坏Abutment - 坝肩Foundation pit - 基坑Joint - 节理（地质），接缝（设计）Hose - 软（皮）管Embankment - 土坝。
水泵中英文对照
2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation2.6 机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine 3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine（S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump 3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stage pump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3蜗壳spiral case4.1.4座环stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键split key4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device 4.1.26 剪断销shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板facing plates，wear plates4.1.34导叶限位块guide vane stop block4.1.35导叶接力器guide vane servomotor4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件rotating component4.1.41 转轮runner4.1.42 叶片blade4.1.43 上冠crown4.1.44 下环band4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate4.1.50 主轴main shaft4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt4.2 轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
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水轮机专用中英文对照术语（2013年6月4日从好友的空间站收藏）2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation2.6 机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine 3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine 3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine 3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine（S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine 3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine 3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine 3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump 3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump 3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stagepump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stagepump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate 3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3蜗壳spiral case4.1.4座环stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part 4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover 4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键split key4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device4.1.26 剪断销shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal 4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板facing plates，wear plates 4.1.34导叶限位块guide vane stop block 4.1.35导叶接力器guide vane servomotor 4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件rotating component4.1.41 转轮runner4.1.42 叶片blade4.1.43 上冠crown4.1.44 下环band4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring 4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate4.1.50 主轴main shaft4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
4.2.1 转轮室runner chamber4.2.2 内顶盖（支持盖）inner head cover，inner top cover4.2.3 转轮体runner hub4.2.4 转叶机构mechanism of runner blade 4.2.5 叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion4.2.6 转臂(导叶臂) rocker arm4.2.7 连杆link4.2.8 操作架crosshead 4.2.9 转轮叶片接力器runner blade servomotor4.2.10 协联装置combination device4.2.11 受油器oil head4.5蓄能泵4.5.1 吸水管suction tube4.5.2 叶轮impeller4.5.3 轮叶impeller blade，impeller vane4.5.4 叶轮后盖impeller back shroud4.5.5 叶轮前盖impeller front shroud4.5.6 蜗室spiral housing4.5.7 扩散管diffuser5性能参数5.1比能5.1.1 比能specific energy单位质量流体所具有的机械能，是位置比能、压力比能和速度比能的总和。
5.1.2位置比能potential energy5.1.3 压力比能pressure energy5.1.4 速度比能velocity energy5.2水头5.2.1 位置水头potential head5.2.2 压力水头pressure head5.2.3 速度水头velocity head5.2.4 总水头head5.2.5 毛水头gross head5.2.6 净水头net head5.2.7 额定水头rated head5.2.8 设计水头design head5.2.9 最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head5.2.10 加权平均水头weighted average head 5.2.11 蓄能泵扬程storage pump head5.2.12 蓄能泵零流量扬程no-dischargehead of storage pump5.2.13 蓄能泵最大（最小）扬程maximum （minimum）head of storage pump5.3流量5.3.1 水轮机流量turbine discharge，turbine flow rate5.3.2 蓄能泵流量storage pump discharge，storage pump flow rate5.3.3 额定流量rated discharge5.3.4 水轮机空载流量no-load discharge of turbine5.3.5 蓄能泵最大（最小）流量maximum （minmum）storage pump discharge5.4转速5.4.1 额定转速rated speed5.4.2 水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed of surbine5.4.3 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］反向飞逸转速reverse runaway speed of storage pump5.5压力5.5.1 表计压力（简称为压力）gauge pressure5.5.2 环境压力（或大气压）atmpspheric pressure5.5.3 绝对压力absolute pressure5.5.4 汽化压力vapour pressure5.6功率5.6.1 水轮机输入功率turbine input power 5.6.2 水轮机输出功率turbine output power 5.6.3 水轮机额定输出功率rated output power of turbine5.6.4 蓄能泵的输出功率storage pump output power5.6.5 蓄能泵的输入功率storage pump input power5.6.6 蓄能泵最大输入功率rated input power of storage pump5.6.7 蓄能泵零流量功率no-discharge input power of storage pump5.6.8 蓄能泵最小输入功率minimum input power of storage pump5.6.9 转轮输出功率output power of runner 5.6.10 叶轮输入功率input power of impeller5.6.11 转轮输入功率input power of runner 5.6.12 叶轮输出功率output power of impeller5.7效率5.7.1 效率efficiency5.7.2 水轮机机械效率mechanical efficiency of turbine5.7.3 蓄能泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of storage pump5.7.4 水轮机水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbine5.7.5 蓄能泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of storage pump5.7.6 相对效率relative efficiency5.7.7 加权（算术）平均效率weighted （arithmetic）average efficiency5.7.8 积分平均效率planimetric average efficiency5.8空化和空蚀5.8.1 空化cavitation5.8.2 空蚀cavitation erosion5.8.3 水轮机空化系数cavitation factor of turbine，cavitation coefficient of turbine 5.8.4 蓄能泵空化系数cavitation factor of storage pump，cavitation coefficient of storage pump5.8.5 临界空化系数critical cavitation factor 5.8.6 初生空化系数incipient cavitation factor，cavitation inception factor，initial cavitation factor5.8.7 电站空化系数plant cavitation factor 5.8.8 吸出高度static suction of turbine5.8.9 吸入高度static suction of storage pump5.8.10 蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suction head loss of storage pump5.8.11 蓄能泵空化余量（NPSH）（蓄能泵净吸上扬程）net positive suction head of storage pump5.8.12 安装高程setting elevation5.8.13 空化裕量cavitation margin5.9暂态过程5.9.1 过渡过程transient5.9.2 调节保证regulating guarantee5.9.3 水锤water hammer5.9.4 初始压力initial pressure5.9.5 水轮机最大瞬态压力maximum momentary pressure of turbine5.9.6 瞬态压力变化率momentary pressure variation ratio5.9.7 初始转速initial speed5.9.8 水轮机最大瞬态转速maximum momentary overspeed of turbine5.9.9 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的最大瞬态反向转速momentary counterrotation speed of storage pump［pump-condition of pump-turbine］5.9.10 瞬态转速变化率momentary speed variation ratio6渗道参数6.1 转轮（叶轮）公称直径runner（impeller）diameter6.2 叶片开口blade opening6.3 叶片正（背）面pressure（suction）side of blade6.4 叶片进（出）水边leading（trailing）edge 6.5 叶片转角blade rotating angle6.6 叶片倾角blade tilt angle6.7 叶片安放角blade angle6.8 蜗壳包角nose angle6.9 导叶高度guide vane height6.13 肘形尾水管深度depth of elbow draft tube6.14 节圆直径pitch diameter6.15射流直径jet diameter6.16射流直径比jet ratio6.17 射流入射角jet inclined angle6.18 射流椭圆ellipsed of inclined jet（when reaching the wheel vane）7试验方面7.1试验类型7.1.1 原型（机）proto type7.1.2 模型（机）model7.1.3 验收试验acceptance test7.1.4 装配试验assembly test7.1.5 模型试验model test7.1.6 性能试验performance test7.1.7 特性试验characteristic test7.1.8 飞逸试验runaway speed test7.1.9 力特性试验force characteristic test 7.1.10 负载试验load test7.1.11 甩负荷试验load rejection test7.1.12 耐压试验pressure test7.1.13 效率试验efficiency test7.1.14 空化试验cavitation test7.1.15 压力脉动试验pressure fluctuation test7.1.16 补气试验air admission test7.1.17 水轮机功率试验turbine output test 7.2运行工况7.2.1 （运行）工况operating condition7.2.2 最优工况optimum operating condition 7.2.3 飞逸工况runaway speed operating condition7.2.4 空载工况no-load operating condition 7.2.5 相似工况similar operating condition 7.2.6 协联工况combined condition7.3 力特性7.3.1 力特性force character7.3.2 导叶力特性guide vane force character 7.3.3 叶片力特性blade force character7.3.4 水推力hydraulic thrust7.3.5 径向力radial force，lateral force7.4单位量7.4.1 单位转速unit speed7.4.2 单位流量unit discharge7.4.3 单位功率unit power7.4.4 单位飞逸转速unit runaway speed7.4.5 单位水推力unit hydraulic thrust7.4.6 单位水力矩unit hydraulic torque7.4.7 水轮机比转速specific speed of turbine7.4.8 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的流量比转速discharge specific speed of storage pump7.4.9 最优比转速optimum specific speed 7.4.10 （水轮机）压力脉动（turbine）pressure fluctuation7.5特性曲线7.5.1 （水轮机）综合特性曲线（turbine）efficiency hill diagram，combined characteristic curve7.5.2 （水轮机）运转特性曲线（turbine）performance curve7.5.3 飞逸特性曲线runaway speed curve 7.5.4 水泵水轮机全特性complete characteristics of pump-turbine。