2012年青岛科技大学环境工程学考研试题

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青岛科技大学电路考研真题试题2008——2012、2016、2017年

5图6图7 所示电路，已知当,1V S U ==S I 。

求当,时，3V S U =2A S I =U图 9所示双口网络的Z ，Y ，H 参数。

(20分)Ω2Ω21I 2I青岛科技大学二O 一O 年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：电路注意事项：1．本试卷共八道大题（共计12个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。

要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ 一、简答题 (5小题, 共36分)1.理想电压源和电阻并联的等效电路是什么？从两个不同角度说明结论的正确性。

（6分）2.说明电阻Y -△转换化简电阻的原理。

（6分）3.互易定理成立的条件是什么？如果网络N 内含有耦合电感元件，那么互易定理还成立吗？说明理由。

（8分）4.给出含耦合的两个电感元件并联的等效电感公式，并加以证明。

（8分）5.画出用二瓦特计法测量三相功率的电路来，并以负载为三角形联接为例，证明结论。

（8分）二、求图1所示电路的输入电阻。

（15分）ab R第 1 页（共 3 页）图1三、在图2所示电路中，用戴维宁定理和回路电流法分别求电流。

（各12分，共24分）1I四、在图3所示正弦稳态电路中，已知，，，Ω==1021R R Ω=101L ωΩ=51Cω求：(1) 闭合，断开时的电流；（5分）V U 100=1S 2S I(2) 、都闭合时的电流及电流表的读数。

（10分）1S 2S I五、在图4中网络N 仅由电阻组成，根据图(a)和(b)的已知情况，求图(c)中的电流和（15分） 1I 2I第 2 页（共 3 页）图2图3图4六、图5所示电路中，V ，，，，t u s 100cos 2100=H L 4.01=H L 6.02=H M 2.0=F C μ500=，调节，使负载获最大有功功率。

青岛科技大学电路2007--2012,2016年考研真题

第页（共26页） 1 青岛科技大学
二○一六年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：电路
注意事项：1．本试卷共12道大题（共计12个小题），满分150分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。

要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡
﹡﹡
1、图1所示三相对称电路（感性）中，当S 打开时，A 2电流表读数为3
A ，且2P =1P 。

求：（1）当S 打开时，其它二个电流表的读数；（2）若将S 闭合，则图中各电流表和功率表的读数分别（用1
P 表示）是多少？（12分）。

A1
A2
A3W1**
W2**A B C
Z Z Z S
图1 图2
2、图2电路中1i =0.6A ，求i 和X R 。

（10分）
3、在图3(b)所示电路中，2A I =且S 6A I =，求图3(a)电路的I 。

（10分）
4、图4所示正弦稳态电路中，U=15V ，I=5A ，R=5Ω。

求：（1）I L 及L ω，（2）电路的S 、P 、
Q 、cos ϕ 。

(12分)
5、在图5所示电路中，如果换路前电路已处于稳态，开关在位置1上，换路后合到位置2。

青岛科技大学2011年-2012年考研试题243法语

27. La voiture de Marie est____la rue .
A. sur B. dans C. près D. pour
28. Ils travaillent de 14 à 16 heures___.
A. par le jour B. par jour C. en un jour D. dans un jour
seule dans un petite chambre.
A. tout B. tous C. toute D. toutes
20. Vous pouvez trouver de bons restaurants en France
.
A. n’importe qui B. n’importe comment C. n’importe où D. n’importe quoi
9. Pierre et Anne
(habiter) à Paris pendant deux ans.
10. Il y avait longtemps que nous ___ (décider) d‘aller nous installer à la campagne.
11. Avant quand il
页）
第 3 页（共 7
est persuadé qu’il （pleuvoir）.
2. A cause de vous, je
(louper) mon train hier matin.
3. Une fois que vous______(finir), nous pourrons partir.
4. C’est une aventure
elle ne s’est plus rappelée.

青岛科技大学历年录取分数线

文学外国语言文学类英语 587 603 第二批
外国语言文学类俄语 587 597 第二批
外国语言文学类德语 587 609 第二批
外国语言文学类日语 589 600 第二批
外国语言文学类朝鲜语 585 590 第二批
理学数学类数学与应用数学 595 624 第一批
电气信息类电气工程及其自动化 585 632
电气信息类自动化 579 592
电气信息类通信工程 583 593
电气信息类计算机科学与技术 573 588
电气信息类信息工程 572 591
电气信息类软件工程 515 565
电气信息类集成电路设计与集成系统 577 591
轻工纺织食品类包装工程 600 618
轻工纺织食品类印刷工程 599 614
生物工程类生物工程 573 592
医学药学类药物制剂 574 589
管理学管理科学与工程类工业工程 565 585
工商管理类工商管理 570 589
工商管理类市场营销 564 571
2004 -- -- -- -- 不详
2001 -- 570.00 -- -- 不详
2011年
专业大类专业小类具体专业平均分最高分批次
经济学经济学类国际经济与贸易 562 602
法学法学类法学 564 570
社会学类社会工作 561 566
材料科学类材料化学 592 603
环境科学类环境科学 589 599
工学材料类金属材料工程 590 602
材料类无机非金属材料工程 ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้89 604

【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】环境科学综合2012

青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：837 科目名称：环境科学综合（共3页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效1、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）（1）光化学烟雾（2）生化需氧量（3）环境容量（4）节能减排（5）环境规划（6）PM10（7）土壤净化（8）水体污染（9）固体废物（10）清洁生产2、简答（每题10分，共70分）（1）城市污水三级处理的步骤（2）汽车尾气污染的危害及其防治对策（3）城市垃圾资源化系统技术措施（4）温室效应的原因及其防治对策（5）可持续发展的涵义（6）城市噪声的控制方法（7）环境规划的分类3.论述题（每个问题5分，共30分）（1）2011年3月以来，浙江省湖州市发生血铅超标事件，严重损害公众健康，造成恶劣社会影响。

经调查此次血铅超标事件是因企业违法违规生产、职工卫生防护措施不当，县、镇政府未实现防护距离内居民搬迁承诺，地方政府及相关部门监管及应对不力造成的。

2011年6月份，云南省陆良化工实业有限公司的5000余吨剧毒铬渣被两名承运人非法倾倒在云南曲靖市麒麟区农村，造成附近农村77头牲畜死亡，农田遭污染状况还需进一步评估。

事件调查中发现陆良化工公司有超过14万吨的铬渣在珠江正源的南盘江边长期堆放。

请根据以上材料论述如下问题：①铅、铬等重金属污染的特点②重金属元素在土壤中的污染特征③土壤重金属污染防治对策（2）在2009年9月22日联合国气候变化峰会上，国家主席胡锦涛宣布：中国争取到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年有显著下降。

11月25日，国务院总理温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议，研究部署下一阶段应对气候变化工作，明确了到2020年中国控制温室气体排放的行动目标，并提出相应的政策措施和行动。

此次会议上，我国政府决定到2020年全国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40-45%。

低碳经济作为一种以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式，在全球共同应对气候变化的背景下应运而生，并被专家认为是一场涉及生产方式、生活方式和价值观念的全球性革命。

青岛科技大学2012年研究生入学考试环境化学试卷

1 1 O 2 H e H 2O 4 2
2H 2e H 2 (g )
的。
12、持久性有机污染物 13、逆温层 16、水体富营养化 17、LD50
14、海陆风
pE 0 20.75V
pE 0 0V
五、分析论述题（20分） 26、某市一家金属冶炼厂的含铅废水经化学处理后排入水体中，排污口
5、总碱度的表达式为
，CO2酸度的表达式为
6、诱发重金属从悬浮物或沉积物中释放出来的主要因素有：，。
7、丙酮酸在有氧条件下，通过________辅酶，转化为________，然后与草酰乙酸反应生成________，进入________循环过程。 8、物质通过生物膜的方式有________、被动扩散、________、主动转运、______。 9、光化学烟雾的形成条件：① ；②NO； ③烃类化合物；④ 。
华慧考博—考博第一品牌
华慧网考博咨询QQ：400 的升高气温的降低率称为大气垂直递减率，通常用Γ来表示，在对流层中，一般Γ是零的，但出现逆温的时候，气温是随高度的增加而二、名词解释（每题4分，共28分） 11、谷胱甘肽结合 15、生物转运三、简答题（50分） 18、简述分配作用和吸附作用的区别。（7分） 19、简述多糖微生物降解的基本途径。（8分） 20、什么是电子活度pE？它和pH的区别是什么？（7分） 21、大气颗粒物按其粒径大小可以分为几类？（7分） 22、影响酸雨形成的因素主要包括哪些?（8分） 23、什么是土壤的盐基饱和度？试分析土壤的盐基饱和度与其缓冲性能的关系。（7分） 24、简述毒作用过程。(6分) 四、公式推导（15分） 25、推导水的氧化-还原限度，相应的氧化反应为：
华慧考博—考博第一品牌

青岛科技大学2012年研究生入学考试英语试卷

青岛科技大学二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语注意事项：1．本试卷共6道大题（共计 47 个小题），满分100 分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。

要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡PART I. READING COMPREHENSION (38%)Directions: Read the passages given below and choose the best answer to the questions attached to each of them.Passage OneQuestions 1-3 are based on the following passage.If you like the idea of staying with a family, living in house might be the answer. Good landladies---those who are superb cooks and launders, are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guest and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity. The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes. If you are lucky, the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may be done for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship .For the less fortune,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to visit, and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guest are living under the same roof.The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing, with the added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what, and in what proportion. One person may spend hours on the phone, while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with guest, how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace, especially if you are student and want to study?Conversely, flat sharing can be very cheap, there will always besomeone to talk to and go out with, and the chores ,in theory, can beshared.1.According to the passage ,landladies are ________　ually strict.　B. always mean.　C. adequately competent.　D. very popular with their guest.2.What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing ?　A. Problems of sharing and paying.　B. Differences in living habits.　C. Shared cooking and bathroom facilities.　D. Restriction to invite friends to visit.3.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing?　A. Rent is affordable　B. There is companionship.　C. Housework.D. There is peace and quiet.Passage TwoQuestions 4-8 are based on the following passage. I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks.I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not abad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I tryto think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was sellingskirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in thewomen of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of theskirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green,and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriendsand I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hairand , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if sheunderstood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well). I looked back down at the skirts. They add designs in them: squaresand triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. Idecided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her overthe price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness. She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy. The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course. I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy. I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me! There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.4. Which of the following in NOT correct?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D. The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.5. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because womanA. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B. thought she could still make much money.C. was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.6. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A. The skirts were cheap and pretty.B. She liked the patterns on the skirts.C. She wanted to do something as compensation.D. She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.7. When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not becauseA. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B. she was afraid of crying in public.C. she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D. she had to show in public that she was strong.8. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A. she suddenly felt very sad.B. she liked the ribbons so much.C. she was overcome by emotion.D. she felt sorry for the woman.Passage ThreeQuestions 9-14 are based on the following passage.The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these morings. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be “self care”.Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out. “We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and realities of family life,” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable.＂School, whether we like it or not, iseducational. It always has been.”His is not popular idea. School are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?It may be easier to promote a linger school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids’ lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn’t produce a well-educated child, learning takes time and more learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition. And surely from kids. But the most important part of the conflict has been over the money.9. Which of the following is an opinion of the author’s?A.＂The kids are hanging out.”B.＂They are school children without school.”C.＂These kids are not old enough for jobs.”D. “The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.”10. The current American school calendar was developed in the 19th century according toA. the growing season on nation’s form.B. the labor demands of the industrial age.C. teachers’ demands for more vacation time.D. parents’ demands for other experiences for their kids.11. The author thinks that the current school calendarA. is still valid.B. is out of date.C. can not be revised.D. can not be defended.12. Why was Dr. Boy’s idea unpopular?A. He argues for the role of school in solving social problems.B. He supports the current school calendar.C. He thinks that school year and family life should be considered separately.D. He strongly believes in the educational role of school.13. “The long summers of forgetting take a toll ”in the last paragraph but one means thatA. long summer vacation slows down the progress go learning.B. long summer vacation has been abandoned in Europe.C. long summers result in less learning time.D. long summers are a result of tradition.14. The main purpose of the passage isA. to describe how American children spend their summer.B. to explain the needs of the modern working families.C. to discuss the problems of the current school calendar.D. to persuade parents to stay at home to look after their kids. Passage FourQuestions 15-19 are based on the following passage.Women's minds work differently from men's. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex inte11ectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the Corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the Corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is "What?", and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the Corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word - handling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at“language subjects”and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan't know for a while, partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain ,and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.15. Which of the fo11owing statements is CORRECT?A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.16. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________ factors.A. biologicalB .psychologicalC. physicalD .social17."these differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those inA. skills of men and women.B. school subjects.C. the brain structure of men and women.D. activities carried out by the brain.18. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work onA. the brain structure as a whole.B. the functioning of part of the brain.C. the distinction between the sexes.D. the effects of the corpus callosum.19. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D. To suggest new areas in brain research.PART II CLOZE (15%)Directions: Choose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary. base create evoke suffice handdeeply poorly dispose degree dependvary religious present movement endeavorEverything that the human race has done and thought is concerned with the satisfaction of (1)__________ felt needs and the assuagement of pain. One has to deep this constantly in mind if one wishes to understand spiritual (2)___________ and their development. Feeling and longing are the motive force behind all human (3)___________ and human creation, in however exalted a guise the latter may (4)__________ themselves to us. Now what are the feelings and needs that have led men to(5)__________ thought and belief in the widest sense of the words? A little consideration will (6)___________ to show us that the most(7)___________ emotions preside over the birth of religious thought and experience. With primitive man it is above all fear that (8)__________ religious notions—fear of hunger, wild beasts, sickness, death. Since at this stage of existence understanding of causal connections is usually (9)__________ developed, the human mind (10)__________ illusory beings more or less analogous to itself on whose wills and actions these fearful happenings (11)___________. Thus one tries to secure the favor of these beings by carrying out actions and offering sacrifices which, according to the tradition (12)_________ down from generation to generation, propitiate them or make them well (13)___________ toward a mortal. In this sense I am speaking of a religion of fear. This, though not created, is in an important (14)___________ stabilized by the formation of a special priestly caste which sets itself up as a mediator the people and the beings they fear, and erects a hegemony on this (15)________. PART III TRANSLATION (15%)（I）．Translate the following into Chinese:（10%）1. This discovery suggests that life is probably a pretty ordinary phenomenon that occurs any place you give it half a chance.2. But I find it helpful to consider what might have happened in my own marriage if a copy of me had been made to overcome infertility.3. Forty years after the Wright Brothers’ first flight, by contrast, commercial air travel was a dauntingly expensive but widespread and growing industry.4. The promissory notes of well-known individuals and bills of exchangedrawn on English merchants readily exchanged hands for severalmonths.5．When the demand becomes immoderate, consumption of drugs increases and the incidence of adverse effects and waste follows suit.（II）． Translate the following into English （5%）随着1997年许多东亚国家经济中出现的戏剧性的货币贬值，这些国家遭受了急剧而且徘徊不去的经济衰退。

青岛科技大学835化工原理2012年考研真题

页（共 3 页）
五、（20 分）在一直径为 1.2m 的逆流吸收塔中，用水吸收混于空气中的甲醇蒸气。甲醇吸收的平衡关系服从亨利定律，亨利系数 E=24.1kPa ，气膜吸收系数 kG=1.7 × 10-5kmol/( m2· kPa)， s· 液膜吸收系数 kL=2.4×10-5kmol/( m2· kmol/m3)。 s· 进塔气体含甲醇 5.2% （体积），要求吸收率为 95%，操作温度为 30℃，常压操作，进塔液体为纯水。已知单位时间流过塔的惰性气体量为 52kmol/h，气相总体积吸收系数 KYa=0.05kmol/(m3· s)，吸收剂 3 用量为理论最小用量的 1.5 倍。水的密度为 1000kg/m ，摩尔质量为 18kg/kmol。试求：（1）该吸收过程为气膜控制还是液膜控制？（2）出塔液体组成 X1；（3）所需填料层高度。六、（20 分）在常压下将含水量为 6%（湿基，下同）的湿物料以 5700kg/h 的流量送入干燥器中，干燥产品的含水率为 0.3%，干燥流程如本题附图所示。所用加热空气的温度为 20℃，湿度为 0.01kg(水)/kg(绝干气)。该加热空气被预热到 120℃后进入干燥器，废气出口温度为 75℃，忽略预热器向周围的热损失。设干燥过程为理想等焓干燥过程。试求：（1）绝干空气的用量；（2）预热器的热负荷；（3）将干燥器出口的废气在 101.3kPa 的恒定总压下冷却到 40℃，计算每千克干空气所能析出的水分量（40℃时水的饱和蒸汽压为 7.38kPa）（4）干燥器的热效率（忽略湿物料中水分带入系统中的焓）；。
1
5.8506 5.0452 lg A ，其中 A d d 0.8981 2 lg 2.8257 Re Re 3.7065

青岛各所大学12年录取分数

【青岛科技大学】2012年山东省录取情况一览表2012年省内录取分数情况一览表批次总计划数理科文科山东分数线青岛分数线我校录取最低分数我校录取最高分数山东分数线青岛分数线我校录取最低分数我校录取最高分数本科一批3016582582659573573616本科二批390501481562638504484548593本科二批（高密校区）140501481495634504484500567校企合作办学本科320501481496598504484中外合作办学本科385501481492638504484中外合作办学专科141180295499180398477专科高职批（高密校区）1079180251550180447543【青岛理工大学】2012年山东省录取情况（本科计划）专业科类学制学费标准2012年计划2011年计划2011年录取分数2010年录取分数2009年录取分数音乐表演（器乐）艺术四年6000109315361361音乐表演（声乐）艺术四年6000109302326310工业设计（文/理）艺术四年60005/1021477/399480/449376/404艺术设计（文/理）艺术四年600025/1540/20349/365406/339406/413绘画（文/理）艺术四年60005/515314/411399/373302/293服装设计与工程（文/理）艺术四年600016/418296/373324/377308/369会计学文史四年3740*53*40574601595财务管理文史四年3400*24*10571598595国际经济与贸易文史四年3740*89*85570601587国际商务文史四年3400*24*25570590595市场营销文史四年3400*2834570593595朝鲜语文史四年48002021539596582汉语言文学文史四年34002422520——英语文史四年48005054512597583日语文史四年48004755500597584社会工作文史四年34005351495596582广告学文史四年34005349494596582建筑学理工五年3960*62*63596605600土木工程理工四年3960*191*214591602598景观建筑设计理工四年3600*14*4590594592城市规划理工五年3960*28*27589598594工程造价理工四年3960*48*47587601598会计学理工四年3740*34*55586605585机械设计制造及其自动化理工四年3960*153*162586599599财务管理理工四年3600*15*26585603585经济学理工四年3600*27*28582596593材料科学与工程理工四年3960*21*25581593592电力工程与管理理工四年3600*30【山东科技大学】2012年山东省本科录取情况统计表省码省市科类计划录取一志愿征集志愿投档最高投档最低录取分数平均最低控制线3 7 山东省本一文科446 446 301 145 618 573 573 595.1 573理科4304 4504 4504 631 582 582 588.2 582 艺术艺设文40 40 40 543 407407/256432.35300/180广告学40 41 41 547 466 475 492 300工设文20 20 20 539 486 494 507.8 300工设理20 20 20 563 470 487509.75300 音乐学文30 28 28 476 308308/116名357.75300 音乐学理10 11 11 497 316316/20名405.6 300 本二文科180 181 181 575 508 522 542.5 484理科620 726 726 618 517 520 553.6 481 中外本科文科140 140 51 89 559 496 496 520.6 484理科340 340 121 219 594 495 495 531.6 481 软件外包理科120 104 42 62 593 496 496 541.6 481 金融外包文科80 80 80 577 496 500 521.6 484理科40 56 56 607 495 495 521 481 煤炭定向理科550 459 459 596 497 520 548.3 481 中外专科文科180 180 180 500 217 224 388.8 180理科120 120 120 500 237 241 403.8 180 本二（泰山科文科196 196 11 185 555 486 486 501 484理科344 344 62 282 586 486 486 504 481技学院）专科（泰山科技学院）文科412 319 230 89 494 189 189 358 180 理科838 760 606 154 517 183 183 384 180注：东营、烟台、威海、日照、莱芜、聊城执行省属线；淄博、枣庄、济宁、潍坊、泰安、临沂、德州、滨州、菏泽执行市属线。

青岛科技大学环境生态学2012年考研真题

4.4简述生物群落的结构特征。
5论述题（共2题每题15分小计30分）
5.1什么是r-选择和K-选择？请叙述其各自的主要相关特征。
5.2应用所学环境生态学知识，论述三峡大坝建设的利与弊。
A频度B多度C密度D盖度
2.5.提高群落多样性的捕食者是：( )
A泛化捕食者B选择竞争优势种的捕食者C选择竞争劣势种的捕食者
2.6年龄锥体左右不对称的原因是（）。
A各年龄组的个体数差异B各年龄组的死亡率不同
C各年龄组的出生率不同D各年龄组的性比不同
2.7．种群增长模型Nt+1＝Ntλ描述的是（）。
A无限环境、世代连续的种群增长；B无限环境、世代不连续的种群增长；
1.7.解释群落演替的机制的模型有、和。
1.8.根据生态系统中生物对能量的利用特征，生产力可分为
和。
1.9、是物种进化的两种动力。
1.10种群动态的最基本研究方法有、和等。
1.11阴性植物的光补偿点要比阳性植物的。
1.12自然保护区在某种意义上讲是一种"生态岛"，因此，生物地理学上的
和集合种群理论对保护区的设计具有指导意义。
3.1生态因子
3.2物种
3.3边缘效应
3.4异养生态系统
3.5生态平衡
3.6生活型
3.7环境
3.8演替
3.9优势种
3.10生态效率
4简答题（每题10分，共4题，小计）
4.1逻辑斯谛曲线可以划分为哪几个时期？请分别对各个时期的特点加以描述。
4.2生物多样性的定义、层次和涵义？
4.3环境因子和生态因子的区别与联系。
2选择题（每题2分共10题，小计20分）
2.1下列循环属于不完全循环的是：（）

青岛科技大学2012年研究生入学考试基础英语试卷

青岛科技大学二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语注意事项：1．本试卷共四道大题（共计60 个小题），满分 150 分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。

要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Part I Vocabulary and Grammar. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that you think is the most appropriate from the four choices given below. (30 points)1. The manager vowed to revenge the ______ insult of his competing counterpart yesterday.A. calculatedB. outrageousC. intentionedD. selfish2. Almost any solid ______ can be called dust if it is light enough to float in the air.A. wasteB. spotC. MetalD. speck3. We heard wolves ______ mournfully somewhere nearby in the complete darkness when we camped in the forest last weekend.A. barkingB. roaringC. howlingD. growling4. The sweater he bought last week ______ after he washed it.A. shrankB. shortenedC. decreasedD. lessened5. As a result of sluggish business, the boss of the company is urging his clerks to be ______ with electricity.A. economicsB. economicalC. stingyD. thrifty6. The minister has to provide a very ______explanation for the new medical care reform.A. compulsoryB. comprehensiveC. sophisticatedD. understanding7. They sell their military equipment to whoever needs it with the ______ purpose of making profit.A. onlyB. uniqueC. singularD. sole8. No one believed that such a little girl could ______ the things well ahead.A. reconcileB. suspectC. forsakeD. anticipate9. Tom’s lecture was careful and ______ but his words did not seem to make much sense.A. distinctB. distinguishedC. distinguishableD. distinctive10. The most ______ of all Olympic events is the decathlon (a sports competition with 10different events).A. creativeB. excitedC. gruesomeD. grueling11. As it ______ the effects of high temperatures, rhenium is a valuable ingredient in certain alloys.A. resists B withholds C. reduces D. discharges12. In ancient China, thunder was believed to be a manifestation of the______ of the gods.A. spiritB. powerC. wrathD. sorrow13. The African quality of his music is ______ in the art that people of his generation enjoyed.A. inbornB. ingrainedC. impregnatedD. included14. I am in no ______ this evening to listen to his silly jokes.A. feelingB. attitudeC. moodD. tendency15. The young scientist became known for his ______ into the distribution of the wild species in this part of the region.A. examinationB. expositionC. researchD. account16. As soon as World War II ended, Einstein urged that atomic energy______ to peaceful uses.A. be putB. is putC. will be putD. would be put17. You ______ the washing-up. I would have dong it for you.A. needn’t have doneB. didn’t need to have doneC. weren’t toD. mustn’t have done18. The professor is very busy ______ for the examination now. Please come again at some other time.A. preparingB. preparedC. being preparedD. to prepared19. Next time we go house-hunting, remember ______ the agent for very clear directions. I wasted hours ______ the last house.A. to ask; to look forB. to ask; looking forC. asking; looking forD. asking; to look for20. It is a common expression to characterize something as “light as air”, but air is ______ “light”.A. soB. ratherC. hardlyD. somewhat21. The stout fellow over there is ______ the great magician Charlie Steward, himself.A. no other thanB. none other thanC. no other thanD. no one but22. In the new movie she wore, ______ was very uncommon in the country, a scarlet coat.A. whatB. thatC. of whatD. the23. Robinson Crusoe was hungry ______ human companionship.A. forB. aboutC. ofD. with24. Among all the students in this class, Tony is the quickest one ______ figures.A. toB. forC. inD. at25. I’m very hopeful ______ passing the course.A. forB. aboutC. inD. on26. He was laid ______ for six weeks with two broken ribs.A. awayB. downC. byD. up27. The population ______ their flags to celebrate the return of their victorious team.A. hung outB. hung togetherC. hung behindD. hung over28. As a citizen it is important to ______ with your neighbors.A. keep inB. keep offC. keep outD. keep on29. The government has ______ new measures to combat inflation.A. brought inB. brought aboutC. brought onD. brought up30. The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to ______ to anyone who knows little about food values.A. put throughB. put acrossC. take inD. make overPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the following essay carefully, and then, answer the questions in Section A, B, C, and D.How to Avoid Foolish Opinions1To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but from silly ones.2If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make it yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men by simply asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I shouldn’t commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamander; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.3Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way.Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because inarithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology there is only opinion.So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on guard; you’ll probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants.4 A good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is tobecome aware of opinions held in social circles different from yours.When I was young, I lived much outside my own country, and I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice. If you can’t travel, seek out people with whom you disagree, and read a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours. If the people and the newspaper seem mad, perverse, and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them. In this opinion both parties may be right, but they can’t both be wrong. This reflection should generate a certain caution. 5For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias.This has one advantage: the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi deplored railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to remove the effect of the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantages of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you’ll find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue, and short of this, I have frequently found myself growing less dogmatic and cocksure through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.6Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides.If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are mostcriminals. The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all persuaded that our own nation is superior to others. Seeing that each nation has it characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish.Section A. Answer the following questions. (15%)31. The title of this essay is an adaptation of a phase from its first paragraph. Is there any other phrase in the first paragraph which could be used to make up a good title for the essay? If so, what is it?32. What are the “simple rules” which the author suggests in his essay? What are the examples does the author use to illustrate his rules respectively?33. What, in the author’s opinion, is the difference between knowledge and opinion?34. There is one statement in Para. 2 which is ironical, i.e. it means the opposite of what it appears. What is the statement?35. “The author’s main point is that we should not believe strongly in anything.” Is this correct? If so, why do you agree with the author? If not, how would you change the statement?Section B. Read the short extract given below and answer the questions by choosing the best alternative (a, b, c, d) under each. (10%)“If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland ison the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction.”36. The second sentence_____________(a) simply adds a further point to the argument already stated in the first sentence.(b) illustrates the point made in the first sentence.(c) builds up the argument of the first sentence by restating it from the opposite point of view.(d) makes the main point which has only been introduced by the first sentence.37. If someone else’s opinion makes us angry, it means that____________(a) our own opinion is not based on good reasons and we know this subconsciously.’(b) we are not consciously aware of having no good reason for becoming angry.(c) we are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for becoming angry.(d) there may be good reasons for his opinion but we are not consciouslyaware of them.38. The author mentions arithmetic and geography because____________(a) we should know both subjects in order to avoid foolish opinions.(b) many foolish opinions and unnecessary arguments occur in those two subjects.(c) the two opinions he has mentioned already have to do with those subjects.(d) he himself is very knowledgeable about those two subjects.39. “… your own contrary conviction” refers to ____________(a) the opinion that two and two are five and that Iceland is on the equator.(b) the fact that you know so little about arithmetic or geography.(c) the fact that you feel pity rather than anger.(d) the opinion that two and two are four and that Iceland is a long way from the equator.40. The main point of these two sentences is ____________(a) that we should feel pity rather than anger when someone disagree with us.(b) that we shouldn’t be angry with people who hold foolish opinions.(c) that one way of avoiding foolish opinions is to feel pity rather than anger.(d) that we can test our own opinion by finding out whether we feel pity or anger when someone disagrees with us.Section C. Find single words or phrases in this essay which have roughly the meanings given below. (10%)41. conscious of42. narrow-minded43. regretted the existence of44. good opinion of oneself45. ending in death or disaster46. making yourself free from47. prejudice48. thinking too highly of oneself49. unreasonable; wrong50. feel unhappy about; dislikeSection D. Match the words given under List A with the meanings given under List B. List B has some extra items. (5%)A B51. inherently (a) fierce; cruel52. episode (b) quite certain53. retort (c) answer back quickly54. cosmos (d) inside55. persecution (e) fashionable56. savage (f) unreasonable punishment57. cocksure (g) instinctively58. prevailing (h) one event in a series of events59. subconsciously (i) careful60. wary (j) going to a court of law(k) by its very nature(l) power; snow(m) universePart III Translation (50 points)Section A. Translate the following passage into English. (25%)笔者日前买了台电脑，喜滋滋地上网交友。

青岛科技大学考研历年真题之考研历年真题之环境化学2006--2012年考研真题

青岛科技大学2006年研究生入学考试试题（A）
考试科目：环境化学（答案全部写在答题纸上）
一、填空（每空2分，共40分）
1.循环经济中3R原则的三个英文单词是，，。

2.环境因素变化导致生态系统变异而产生的后果称为。

3.产生氧化性光化学烟雾的两种主要物质是，。

4.全球变暖问题除CO2外，还应考虑具有温室效应的和的作用。

5.水环境中胶体颗粒的吸附作用大体可分为表面吸附、和。

6.水环境中促成颗粒物相互碰撞产生凝聚作用的三种机理分别是，
，。

7.如果土壤胶体上吸附的阳离子有一部分为致酸离子，则这种土壤为土壤。

8.污染物由土壤向植物体内迁移的方式主要包括和两种。

9.物质在生物作用下经受的化学变化，称为。

10.受氢体如果为细胞内的分子氧，则生物氧化中有机物的氧化类型为，若为非分子氧的化合物就是。

11.毒理学把毒物剂量(浓度)与引起个体生物学的变化，如脑电、心电、血象、免疫功能、酶活性等的变化称为；
二、回答下列问题（每题6分，共30分）
1.影响大气中污染物质迁移的主要因素是什么？
2.什么是电子活度pE？它和pH的区别是什么？
3.影响重金属在土壤-植物体系中转移的主要因素是什么？举例说明。

4.请详细说明污染物质在肌体内有哪些转运过程。

5.1953年发生在日本熊本县的水俣病的致病的烷基汞物质有哪些？从化合物结构看，有什么特征？
三、下列是光化学烟雾形成的一个简化机制，按序号分别写出哪几个属于引发反应、自由基传递反应和终止反应，在该机制中，控制光化学烟雾形成速率的是哪一类？(15分)。

青岛科技大学2012年研究生入学考试英语综合考试Ⅰ试卷

青岛科技大学二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语综合考试Ⅰ注意事项：1．本试卷共6道大题（共计12个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。

要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡PART I LINGUISTICS (60 points)Section I Define the following terms (20 points)Give the definition of each term in no less than 50 words.1. paradigmatic relations2. displacement3. dialect4. applied linguisticsSection II Essay questions (40 points)Answer each of the following questions in no less than 100 words.1.What is cohort theory?2.What is speech act theory?3.What does Chomsky mean by Language Acquisition Device?4. What is the difference between langue and parole?PART II TRANSLATION (60 points)Section I Translate the following passage into Chinese (20 points) Resignation is of two sorts, one rooted in despair, the other in unconquerable hope. The man who has suffered such fundamental defeat that he has given up hope of serious achievement may learn the resignation of despair, and if he does, he will abandon all serious activity. He may camouflage his despair by religious phrases, or bythe doctrine that contemplation is the true end of man, but whatever disguise he may adopt to conceal his inward defeat, he will remain essentially useless and fundamentally unhappy. The man whose resignation is based on unconquerable hope acts in quite a different way. Hope which is to be unconquerable must be large and impersonal. Whatever my personal activities, I may be defeated by death, or by certain kinds of diseases; I may be overcome by my enemies; I may find that I have embarked upon an unwise course which cannot lead to success. In a thousand ways the failure of purely personal hopes may be unavoidable, but if personal aims have been part of larger hopes for humanity, there is not the same utter defeat when failure comes.--From “On Resignation” by Bertrand RussellSection II Translate the following passage into English (20 points)阳光滑到玻璃板上。

2012年青岛大学考研真题893环境工程综合

青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试代码：893科目名称：环境工程综合（共2页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释(每题4分，共40分)1．化学需氧量2．氧化沟3．污泥指数4. 厌氧生物处理5. 反硝化反应6．风速廓线7. 分级除尘效率8. 吸附剂的动活性9. 空间速度10. 催化剂的有效系数二、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1、下列说法不正确的是（）A.好氧生物处理废水系统中，异养菌以有机化合物为碳源B.好氧生物处理废水系统中，自养菌以无机碳为碳源C.好氧生物处理废水系统中，异养菌的代谢过程存在内源呼吸D.好氧生物处理废水系统中，自养菌的代谢过程不存在内源呼吸2、某工业废水的BOD5/COD=50，初步判断它的可生化性为（）A.较好B.可以C.较难D.不宜3、关于污泥龄的说法，不正确的是（）A.相当于曝气池中全部活性污泥平均更新一次所需的时间B.相当于工作着的污泥总量同每日的回流污泥量的比值C.污泥龄并不是越长越好D.污泥龄不得短于微生物的世代期4、下列对好氧生物处理的影响因素不正确的是（）A.温度每增加10～15℃，微生物活动能力增加一倍B.当pH<6.5或pH>9时，微生物生长受到抑制C.水中溶解氧应维持2mg/l以上D.微生物对氮、磷的需要量为BOD5:N:P=200:5:15. 厌氧消化中的产甲烷菌是（）A.厌氧菌B.好氧菌C.兼性菌D.中性菌6.污泥的含水率从99％降低到96％，污泥体积减少了（）A.1/3B.2/3C.1/4D.3/47. 关于生物法除氮过程的说法，不正确的是（）A.先硝化再反硝化B.硝化菌是好氧自养菌，反硝化菌是厌氧异养菌C.硝化要有足够的碱度，反硝化碱度不能太高D.硝化要维持足够的DO，反硝化可以低氧也可以无氧8. 二级处理主要采用（）A.物理法B.化学法C.物理化学法D.生物法9、TOD是指（）A.总需氧量B生化需氧量C化学需氧量D总有机碳含量10、介于活性污泥法和生物膜法之间的是（）A.生物滤池B.生物接触氧化池C.生物转盘D.生物流化床三、简答题（共60分）1. 何谓悬浮生长活性污泥法？何谓附着生长活性污泥法？（10分）2. 污泥沉降比，污泥指数，污泥浓度三者关系如何？试叙其在活性污泥运行中的重要意义。