代词及It用法
it的用法
语法：it的用法一.it 作人称代词1.it的最基本用法是作代词，指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法，也可以指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
如：The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.---I have broken a plate.---It (Breaking the plate) doesn’t matter.2.it也可以指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物。
如：---Is it your dog？---No, it isn’t.二.it 作非人称代词1.指时间It is half past two now.2.指距离It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.3.指温度It is very cold in the room.4.指天气A lovely day, isn’t it?/ It is a bit windy.5.指日期---What’s the date today? --- It’s May 1st, 2014.6.指季节It is winter now.7.指环境It was very quiet in the café.8.指价值---What’s the price of the T-shirt？---It is 150 yuan.三.it作形式主语1.it替代作主语的动词不定式（to do）(1) It be + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, possible, right, important, polite, clear, obvious, useful, dangerous, legal, illegal等。
It的用法
“It” 的用法1.“it”作代词。
“it”可替代物、动物、抽象事物，还可以代天气、时间、距离、环境、温度等。
也可指代上下文提到的事物或某种情况，以及不明身份、性别的人和小婴儿，也可用于电话用语中替代this或that。
E.g. ① It's fine today.(weather)② It's hot today. (temperature)③ It's four o'clock now. (time)④ It's only 200 metres from my home to our school.(distance)⑤ It's noisy outside.(circumstance)⑥ --Who is knocking at the door?--It must be John.(an unknown person)⑦ --Who is it speaking?--It's Mary.(making a phone call)2.“it”作形式主语。
（1）It be +adj. +(for sb.)+ to do sth.此处的adj.为描述事物的形容词。
如：easy, hard, difficult, necessary, possible, impossible, likely, right, wrong, important, etc.E.g. ① It's easy for us to climb the hill.② It's difficult for me to work out the maths problem.(2) It be +adj.+(of sb.)+to do sth.此处的adj.为描述人的形容词。
如：kind, nice, rude, cruel, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, crazy, etc.E.g. ① It's kind of you to help me with this problem.② It's foolish of you to believe in such a person.③ It's wise of you to choose to study abroad.(3). It be + adj.+ doing sth.It's no good/use doing sth.It's (well) worth doing.E.g. ① It's no good arguing with him.② It's no use crying over spilt milk.③ It's no good drinking too much wine.(4) It be +adj./n. +Clause.It's a pity that…It's a fact that…(It's) no wonder that…It's obvious that…It's certain that…It's strange/important/necessary that…(要用虚拟语气）(用should+动词原形)It worries/surprises sb. that…It seems/appears that…It turned out that…It (suddenly) occurred to sb. that…It strikes/struck sb. that…It's said/reported/believed… that…It doesn't matter whether…It makes no di fference whether…(5)其它句型。
it的用法归纳
it的用法归纳
1. 代词：it可以代替前面出现过的事物、物品、动物等，做主语、
宾语、表语等。
例句：I saw a bird in the tree. It was singing beautifully. （我看见了一只鸟在树上。
它唱得很美。
）。
2. 指示代词：it也可以作为指示代词，用来指代某一事物或物品。
例句：I want this book, not that one. Give me it.（我想要这
本书，不是那本。
给我它。
）。
3. 不定式：it可以作为不定式的形式，表示“它”的含义，一般表
示时间、天气等。
例句：It’s nice to see you again.（很高兴再次见到你。
）。
4. 表示真理或存在：it可以用来表示某件事或事物的存在或真相。
5. 表示强调：it可以作为强调句的主语，强调句子中重要的信息。
例句：It was him who broke the vase, not me.（是他打破了花瓶，不是我。
）。
6. 虚主语：it可以作为虚主语出现在句首，表示无人称、无性别的
动作或状态。
(完整版)It的用法总结
It的用法总结在英语中,it有许多不同的用法,它既可以用作代词(如人称代词、非人称代词)，也可以用作引导词（作形式主语或形式宾语），还可以用来构成强调句型。
.it用作代词(1) 用作人称代词在句子中作主语或宾语；指前面已经提到过的事物、动物或人，且it指特定的事物；如果指前文中提到的事物中的任何一个，用one。
one可以与any, each, every, not等连用，但one不可代替不可数名词。
—where’s your car?—it’s in the garage. 你的汽车在哪儿呢？在车库里。
(指代物品your car)did you hit it? 你打中了吗？ (指代事件)the baby cried when it was hungry.这婴儿饿时就哭。
（指代婴儿，尤指性别不详或无所谓时）—who is that?—it’s me. 是谁？我。
(指一定情景中所确定的人或事物，此时相当于指示代词，代指this和that,有时也指人)—what’s this?—it’s a box. 这是什么？一只箱子。
(2) 作非人称代词表示天气、日期、时间、温度、距离、价值、路程、度量、自然现象与环境等。
也可模糊地指一般情形或上文的部分或整个意思。
译成汉语时，it通常不一定译出来。
it’s a long time since they left. 他们走后很久了。
it’s two miles to the beach.离海滨有两英里远。
that’s just it—i can’t work when you’re making so much noise.原因就在这里——你弄出这么大的声音，我工作不了。
另外，需要注意两点：（1）“it’s time…”后面可以接不定式和介词短语表示“是做……的时候了”。
如：it’s time for supper. it’s time to have supper.(2) “it’s time…”后面还可以接一个从句，但是从句中的谓语动词一定要用过去式即虚拟语气，如：it’s time we had lunch.是我们吃饭的时候了。
it用法
三 it作形式宾语
1.动词+ it + 形容词/名词+（ for sb +）to do
think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, Keep … + that 从句
The two girls are so alike that strangers find_____ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C, her D. that
It 用法归纳
一， 指代it
二， 形式it 三，含有it的句型 四，强调it
一，it作代词
1.用来指代上文提到的事物。
The train has arrived.It arrived half an hour ago.
2. 表示时间，天气， 距离，温度等。
1.It was cold yesterday.
•`9.It替代作主语的动名词 It‘s no good/use doing… It's (well)worth doing…
例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.
`10. It takes sb. ... to do sth. “做．．．要花费某人．．．”。
that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形。
It is important that we (should) have enough rice. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
形式主语
3. It's surprising that… (should)…… …竟然……
人称代词it的用法总结
人称代词it的用法总结人称代词在英语中起着非常重要的作用，它们可以替代特定的名词或名词短语，以避免过多重复。
其中一个常见的人称代词就是"it"。
下面将详细总结"it"在不同情况下的用法。
一、指示事物或物体1. 指代单数名词：当我们第一次提到某个具体事物或物体时，可以使用"it"来指代。
例如：- Look at the beautiful flower! It is in full bloom.- The new car is expensive, but it's worth every penny.2. 指代抽象事物：当我们谈论关于天气、环境或其他抽象概念时，也可以使用"it"来指代。
例如：- It is raining heavily today.- It seems that there will be a storm tonight.3. 表示距离或方位：当我们谈论远处或方向时，常使用"it"来表示。
例如：- I can see the lake from here. It looks beautiful.- Turn left at the next intersection. It's just around the corner.二、指示时间和日期1. 表示时间：当我们描述时间时，可以使用人称代词"it"。
例如：- Is it already 10 o'clock? We need to hurry.- It's late, we should go home now.2. 指示日期：当我们谈论某个具体的日期时，也可以使用"it"。
例如：- I have an important meeting on Friday. It's going to be a long day.- The party is on Saturday night. It starts at 8 o'clock, so don't be late.三、指代动物和婴儿1. 指代动物：当我们不知道或不关心动物的性别时，可以使用"it"来指代动物。
“it”用法总结
3). It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party.
③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和 whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。 1) It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday． 2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday．
3.2.作形式主语替代不定式
1). It takes sb. ... to do sth. ＂做．．．要花费某人．．＂ It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
2). It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
代词it的基本用法 it
C-代词it的基本用法知识梳理代词it一.it用做人称代词的用法it用作代词，意为“它”，既可以指人，也可以指物。
it做人称代词，可以用来代替一个名词、短语、从句或句子，以避免他们在句中的重复。
这是可以指提到过的，也可以指未提到的，在句中做主语、表语和宾语。
1)指事物，it可以指除人以外的任何事物或动物。
I dropped my watch and it broke.我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
2)指人，it主用用于指性别不明的婴儿或只听其声不见其人的人，如：Is it a boy or a girl?是男孩还是女孩？There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.“Listen. Someone is crying.” “Oh, it must be Mary.”3）代替某些代词。
代词it可以用于代替指示代词this, that以及复合不定代词something, anyth ing, nothing等，如：“What’s this?” “It’s a new machine.”二.it用作非人称代词的用法1)it用作非人称代词用来指时间、距离、价值、天气、气温及温度等。
如It’s too late to go there now.现在去那已经太迟了。
It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一整天雨。
2)用于某些句型。
It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
It’s time to do sth. 是时候该做某事了。
It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。
It’s (about/high) time +that--从句。
某人该做某事了。
It’s first(second)time +that--从句。
某人第几次干某事。
（从句谓语动词用现在完成时）It’s +时间段+since从句。
it作为代词的用法
it作为代词的用法一、IT作为代词的用法IT（Information Technology）是指信息技术，近年来随着科技的发展和普及，IT已经渗透到了我们生活的各个领域。
在英语中，IT还有一个重要的含义，即作为代词使用时代表“它”。
这种用法在口语和书面语中都非常常见。
在本篇文章中，我们将探讨IT作为代词的用法，并详细分析其使用情境和用例。
二、表示对象1. 代替前面提到过的事物或概念：当我们先前提到某个特定的名词，并希望在后文中引用它时，可以使用IT来代指。
例如：原句：I bought a new car yesterday. It is expensive.改写句：I bought a new car yesterday. IT is expensive.这里，“It”就代替了先前提到过的“car”。
2. 无生命物体替代：人们往往会使用IT来指代没有生命的物体或概念，例如天气、时间等。
例如：原句：How is the weather today? It is sunny.改写句：How is the weather today? IT is sunny.3. 能表示抽象概念或理论时使用：有时候，在描述某个具体案例之后，我们希望引入一个抽象概念或理论来加强句子的逻辑和连贯性。
这时，IT可以用于指代这个抽象概念或理论。
例如：原句：The concept of freedom is deeply rooted in human history. It is a fundamental value.改写句：The concept of freedom is deeply rooted in human history. IT is a fundamental value.三、注意事项1. 不要过度使用：虽然IT作为代词的用法非常便捷，但我们在使用时也要注意不要过多地使用它。
如果每一个可以替换为IT的地方都使用了IT，那么文章就会显得机械和乏味。
◆代词及it用法
代词It的用法一,1．用作人称代词，代替前面提到的事物或人。
Your story is interesting, but I don't like it.你的故事很有趣，但是我不喜欢。
— What's this? — It's a panda.2．当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it 来表示What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?多漂亮的宝宝啊！是个男孩吗？3．表示时间、日期、天气、温度、距离等It's two kilometers from school to my home.从我家到学校有两公里远。
It is getting warmer and warmer now.4. 用以指前面提到过的事.Tom’mother kept telling him that he should work harder but it didn’t help.5．it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把不定式短语、动词ing 短语或名词性从句等真正的主语或宾语置于句末。
形式主语句型有：It ＋be＋adj.(n. ) ＋to do(或doing) （这类名词有a shame, an honor, a wonder,a failure, a success, a surprise, a worry, a pleasure, …）①It's impolite to speak to others with your mouth full of food.嘴里含着食物跟人说话是不礼貌的。
②He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。
③It takes efforts to do the work.做这工作需要努力。
④It is a pity that we can not go to see the film.我们不能去看电影真是遗憾。
it的用法及例句
it的用法及例句It的基本用法全部整理在下面了，大家记得收藏起来，后面经常翻看和识记这些用法，达到熟练运用。
（一）用it作人称代词1）it最基本的用法是人称代词，主要用来表示刚提到的东西以避免重复The car accelerated as it overtook me.那辆汽车一加速就超过了我。
The action of salt on ice causes it to melt.盐作用于冰而使其融化。
I don’t care what a car looks like as long as it gets me from A to B.我到不在乎汽车的样子，只要能把我从一处载到另一处就行了。
I’ve never been there but it is,by all accounts,a lovely place.我从来没去过那个地方，但人们都说那地方很好。
The boat stuck on a sandbank but we soon got it afloat again.小船在沙丘搁浅，没过多久我们就又让它自由行进了。
His book reached an even wider audience when it was filmed for television.他的书拍成电视以后，受众范围更广了。
2）也可代表抽象的事物It was acclaimed as a great discovery.它被誉为一次伟大的发现。
Will you pay cash or should I charge it to your account ? 您愿意付现金还是计入您的账？Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.交流的技术在传递事实时差别是很大的。
3）也可指动物或未知性别的婴儿- Is this your dog ?- No,it isn’t.Her baby is due next month,she hopes it will be a boy. 她怀的孩子应该下月出生，她希望是个男孩儿。
It的各种用法
It的用法I.人称代词型it (Personal it)作人称代词的it不仅可以指物或事，也可以指人。
它的主要功能是指代，代替一个词、词组或整个句子，以免重复。
如：1.A long time ago, life was very differentfrom what it is today.2.H e understood Japanese, but I was notaware of it.II.先行代词型it (Anticipatory it)1.作形式主语a)代替不定式It is necessary to have a plan before doing any kind of work.It never occurred to me to ask him for advice.How much wiser it would have been to reduce speed!b)代替V-ing形式It is nice meeting you.It is a great pleasure working with you.It wouldn’t be any good (my) talking to him.=It wouldn’t be any good for me to talk to him.c)代替主语从句It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.It seems that you know a lot about your new teacher.It is likely that he will retire next year.It is said that most people in the village live to over one hundred.2.作形式宾语a)代替不定式He found it interesting to be a touristguide.These young people made it theirbusiness to take care of the old peoplein the neighborhood.b)代替V-ing形式I don’t think it worthwhile taking toomuch trouble.c)代替宾语从句Mr. White made it clear that thestudents should prepare every lesson.I owe it to you that I passed theEnglish test.We find it a mystery that Alex hasnever mentioned his parents.III.非人称代词型it (Impersonal it)1.指时间It’s nine o’clock now.It will be Sunday tomorrow.It was nearly Christmas when I heardmother got a job at a railway station.It is ten years since we got to know eachother.2.指天气、季节It is getting hotter and hotter here.It will be summer in two weeks’ time.3.指距离It is ten miles from here.It’s only a short distance to the shoppingcenter.4.指环境或情况It’s too noisy for me to study here.Whose turn is it next?It was exciting when we watched theastronauts taking spacewalks.IV.强调型it (Emphatic it)强调句型：It + be + 被强调部分+that (指人时可用who) + 其他成分1.强调主语It was clearly the headmaster himselfwho/that opened the door.It was his working during the weekendthat exhausted him.2.强调宾语It was me whom/that he sent a New Yearcard to. (Oi)It was a New Year card that he sent me.(Od)3.强调状语It was not until he got a map that he started on his way.It might have been in the store that I lostmy purse.4.强调宾语补足语It was light blue that Ted painted hisbedroom.5.强调主语补足语It is Little Tiger that he is called.V.it的习惯用法(Idiomatic it)it的习惯用法较多出现在口语或非正式文体中，这种it已失去了它的原意。
It 的用法
It 的用法在英语中，It有许多不同的用法，它既可以用作代词（如人称代词，非人称代词），也可以用做引导词（作形式主语或形式宾语），还可以用来构成强调句型等。
一、It 用做人称代词1.It 可用作人称代词，指前面已经提到的事物，动物或人,指人主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。
He bought a dictionary and gave it to me.The bady is crying. It might be hungry.Someone is ringing. Who might it be?Professor Lee gave us a lecture yesterday. It was of great interest.【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说It's me。
二、It 用作指示代词1.在"It is/was+表语"结构中，it指明某人或某物的身份，如：①—Who is there downstairs? —It's the postman.②—Who is there talking? —It's your father.2.指代this 或that以及复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等。
①—What's that on the desk? —I guess it might be a robot.②This is your plan, isn't it? ③Nothing is wrong, is it?三、It 用作非人称代词It 用作非人称代词，常指代天气，季节，距离，时间或事物的状态。
It was raining when I left the office.It's February 14th today. It's a long time since we met last time.It's an hour's walk from my home to the school.It's so noisy in the room.四、It 用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。
it是什么代词
it是什么代词
it用作人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词。
用作替代词：it可作形式主语、形式宾语，可代替不定式、动名词或从句。
扩展资料
(1) it用作人称代词
it用作人称代词，一般指未知或不明身份的.人。
例句：Who is it in the room? Open the door!
谁在房间里啊？把门打开！
(2) it用作指示代词
作指示代词时，it的用法相当于this或that。
有时候it并不特指某件具体的事物，而是代表前面提到的、或者即将提到的某件事情。
例1：She said it was a very popular film, but I don't like it.
她说那是一部非常流行的电影，但我却不喜欢（它）。
例2：She does not really treat me as a family member, and it has hurts me badly.
她并没有把我当家人看待。
这就让我很受伤。
(3) it作非人称代词
代词it还可以用来指代时间、距离、价值、天气、温度、环境等无生命的抽象事物，无阴阳之分。
例1：—What time is it by your watch? 你的表到几点了？
—It is 9:39 9点39。
例2：It is really quiet in the woods.
小树林里真安静。
it的用法
it的用法1.It用作代词:用来指代前面提到的事情，是单数。
(1)用作人称代词，代替上文提到的人或事物。
e.g. ——Who is it?——It’s me. You’ve helped me a lot; I’ll never forget it.(2) 用以代替指示代词this或that。
e.g. ①——What’s this?——It’s a computer．②——Whose book is that?——It's hers．(3)表示时间、天气、距离、价钱等。
e.g. It’s time for lunch．It’s raining hard．It’s two miles from the school to our home．(4)在不清楚性别的情况下也可以用来指代人。
e.g. ——Someone comes to visit you at the gate of the school.——Who is it?2. it作形式主语（1）It is + difficult/ hard / easy / important / necessary + for sb. to do sth. 干某事对某人来说是怎么样的。
（2）It is + kind / good / nice / clever of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是怎么样的。
e.g. It is useful for you to learn English well.It’s too hard to understand spoken English.It is important for us to protect the environment.It’s very kind of you to help m e.（3）主语从句：that引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末。
但是为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语从句放在句后；e.g. That he is a doctor is true.=It is true that he is a doctor.It is surprising that she is so angry.That he survived the accident is a miracle.=It is a miracle that he survived the accident.①It + be +名词+ that从句；e.g. It is a fact that…It is common sense that…It’s a pity/a shame/a question/ an honor/a wonder…that…②It + be +形容词+ that从句；e.g. It is certain/clear/evident/likely/probable/better/natural that…③It + be +过去分词+ that从句；e.g. It is said/demanded/believed/reported/estimated that…④It +不及物动词+ that从句e.g. It seems/happened/follows/matters/occurred to me/struck to me that…(4) It is + 序数词+time that从句（用现在完成时）.It was + 序数词+time that从句（用现在完成时）.e.g. It is the first time that I have seen the movie.It was the third time that Tom had come to the place.(5)专题练习①It is high time _______ us to do something to improve our environment.②It is the first time that the girl ____________(see)a panda.③Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough _______ is to stop.④It is no use _________ （argue )with Bill because he will never change his mind.3. it作形式宾语(1)find / feel / think+ it + 形容词+ to do sth. 发现/感到/认为干某事是怎么样的e.g. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?I find it difficult (for Lily) to learn math well.=I find that it is difficult for Lily to learn math well.Wang Dan found it important to learn English well.(2)宾语从句：如果宾语后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将从句放到补语之后；e. g. They kept it quiet that he was dead.I heard it said that the meeting would be postponed.(3)专题练习①We find ___necessary to work hard to achieve our dream.②Susan made ________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.③I would appreciate it _____ you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.4. it用于强调句型中，其结构是: It is / was + 强调部分+ that + 原句剩余部分。
代词的用法归纳总结it that this
代词的用法归纳总结it that this代词是指代名词或代指名词的词语。
在英语中，代词可以用来替代特定的名词，从而避免重复使用相同的词汇，使语言更加简洁明了。
在本文中，我们将重点探讨三个常用的代词：it、that和this。
我们将一步一步地回答一些关于这些代词用法的常见问题，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用它们。
一、代词"it"的用法1. What is the meaning of "it"?代词"it"通常用于指代前文提到过的名词，以避免重复使用该名词。
它可以代表某个事物、动物、人或概念等。
2. How to use "it" as a subject?代词"it"可以作为主语使用。
在这种情况下，通常用于强调环境、天气、时间等抽象概念。
例如：- It is raining.（正在下雨。
）- It is hot today.（今天很热。
）3. How to use "it" as an object?代词"it"还可以作为宾语使用。
在这种情况下，它可以指代前文提到过的名词，并在句中起到名词的作用。
例如：- I bought a new car. I love it.（我买了一辆新车。
我喜欢它。
）- She saw a cat on the street. She fed it.（她在街上看见了一只猫。
她喂了它。
）4. How to use "it" for emphasis?代词"it"还可用于强调某个词或短语。
一般情况下，这种用法会将形容词、副词以及短语转换为形式主语。
例如：- It is important to study.（学习很重要。
）- It is easy to solve this problem.（解决这个问题很容易。
IT的用法
一、It用作代词：指代时间、天气、气候、距离，人或物，金钱，度量，价值，地点等→It is a book.→It is ten thirty.→It is sunny today.→It is five kilometers.→It is worth 5 yuan.→It is getting warmer and warmer.二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
→It is hard to learn English well.→It is important to be polite.It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.→It is important for us to learn English well.（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.→It is kind of you to help me.（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：It’s no good/use doing…→It is no good smoking a lot.It’s (well)worth doing…→It is worth considering.2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型（1）It is + noun +that从句→It is a pity that he passed away in the accident.（2）.It is adj. +that--clause→It is important that we should help each other.→It is necessary that we should pay attention to the earthquake.（3）It verb sb. + that--clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/ concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…→It surprised me that he died of cancer.→It worried her parents that he drank a lot.（5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）→It is said that he will come to see me.→It is reported that there is a huge earthquake in Japan.→It is known that China is a developing country.四、It 作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 的用法
13. It takes sb. ... to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主 语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂ 做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 14. It doesn’t matter whether... 该句型中whether引导的从句是真正主语， 译为 “不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter whether they are old.
部分 it既可强调现在的情况， 也可强调过去的情况。
We called on Professor Wang in his office this morning. It was we who/ that called we on Professor Wang at his office this morning. Professo It was Professor Wang r whom/ that/ who we called Wang on at his office this morning.
15. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定 式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必 须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心 的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型等于： sb. be kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
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代词及It用法代词是代替名词的词，英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等九种。
一、人称代词：(一)概述表示“我(们)”、“你(们)”、“他/她/它(们)”等的词叫人称代词，它有人称、数和格的变化，其形式列(二)人称代词的句法功能：人称代词在句中的功能是通过“格”表现出来的，不同的格表明人称代词在句中有不同的句法功能。
如：1、主格形式作主语和表语。
He was late yesterday.昨天他迟到了。
They went to the cinema together.他们一起去看电影去了。
She and I are very good friends.我和她是很要好的朋友。
---Is that Mr. Smith? 是史密斯先生吗？ ---Yes, this is he.(电话用语) 是的。
It might have been she.那或许是她。
【注】①在非正式英语，尤其是口语中，人称代词作be的表语时，通常可用其宾格形式代替主格。
如：---Who is it? 谁呀？ ---It’s me.是我。
②to be + 人称代词作主语的补足语时，人称代词用主格，作宾语的补足语时用宾格。
如：I was thought to be she.人们认为我是她。
= They thought me to be her.2、宾格形式作宾语(动词的宾语或介词的宾语)。
I bought a present for them. = I bought them a present.我给他们买了件礼物。
Mind you, this is just you and me.听着，这事只能你知我知，绝不可外传。
3、在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代替主格(尤其其后有同位语“all”时)。
He is taller than I (或me).他比我高。
He is taller than us all.他比我们都高。
【注】若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。
如：He loves you more than I.他爱你胜过我爱你。
He loves you mare than me.他爱你胜过爱我。
4、用来表示感叹时，常用宾格形式。
Dear me! 哎呀/天哪! = Goodness me!(三)代词排列次序(1—每一人称；2—第二人称；3—第三人称)1、单数：通常按2,3,1或是3,2,1人称排列。
如：Mary and I are classmates. You, he and I are good friends.2、复数：通常按1,2,3人称排列。
如：We, you and they have been invited to the party.Both we and they happened to be there.3、第三人称男女两性并用时，男先女后。
如：He and she still don’t quite agree to this plan.4、承认过失，表示不吉祥的事，或有不好的意思时，单数按1,3,2人称排列，复数按3,2,1的人称排列。
It was I and Tom that broke the window.I, he and you will be punished for being late.They, you and we should leave there at once.(四)he和she的特殊用法：he(他)和she(她)除了用来指代男人和女人外，还可用来指代动词或无生命的东西：he可指代雄性动物或庞大而又威猛之物。
如：Is the kitty a he or she? 这只小猫是公的还是母的？The cat is playing with his own tail.那只猫在玩自己的尾巴。
The moon loses her brilliance when the sun makes his appearance.太阳升起时，月亮失去了它的光辉。
【注】人们常用she/her来指代如船只、汽车、飞机、国家、城市等无生命的东西，以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。
如：---How’s your new car? 你的新车怎么样？---Terrific. She’s going like a bomb.好极了，劲儿象炸弹一样足。
(五)it的用法：It主要有两种用法：作代词和引导词用。
1、作代词：(1)、作人称代词，代替前面提到的事物或身份不明的人。
在性别不详或性别无关紧要时，也可指动物或小孩（或婴儿）。
如：I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. (NMET 93)Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is. (2000上海高考)Aluminum looks heavy but actually it is very light.铝看起来重，但实际上它却很轻。
China is a large country. It lies in the east of Asia.中国是一个大国，它位于亚洲东部。
Boys and girls, the terminal examination is coming. You must be ready for it.同学们，期末考试快到了。
你们必须做好考试的准备。
Please go and get my dictionary; it is right on the desk; have you seen it?请去把我的词典拿来；就在书桌上；看见了吗？The scientific worker trained a fish to expect its food when it heard the sound of a whistle.这位科学工作者训练一条鱼听到哨声便想进食。
---My brother has only one child. 我兄弟只有一个孩子。
---Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩？【注】①it与one, that的区别：one表示同类的但不是同一个，且只能代替前面的可数名词，相当于“a/an + 名词”；that表示同类的能够是同一个，且常接后置定语；it表示的是前面同一事物，目的是为了避免重复，可换为“the + 名词”。
如：The population of China is larger than that of Japan.I hope that there’s enough glasses for each gust to have one. (NMET 95)A table made of stone is stronger than the one made of wood.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.(NMET 2002)②it可指代前面提到的某件事情或将发生的某件事情。
如：How did I get to know him? Well, it was like this.我是怎么理解他的呢? 嗯，事情是这样的。
（it指上句中提到的某件事）We shall appreciate it if you would send us your samples soon.如贵方速寄样品来，我方将不胜感激。
（it指if从句中提到的将来的某件事）(2)、作非人称代词，表示天气、时间、距离、价值等，译成中文时一般可省略。
如：It’s getting darker. Let’s hurry.It is three miles to the railway station.---What the cost? ---It’s twenty dollars.---He was nearly drowned once. ---When was that?---It was in 1998 when he was in the middle school. (2002北京春高考)It’s six o’clock already. The bank is closed.已经六点钟了，银行下班了。
Oh, it’s very cold this winter.哦，今年冬天非常冷。
It’s twenty li from this hotel to the airport.从这家旅馆到机场有20里。
(3)、作指示代词，相当于this, that，表示心目中的人或事物。
如：---Who is making such a noise? ---It must be the children.---Whose bag is that? ---It’s my brother’s.---Who is it? ---It’s me.谁（敲门）呵？是我。
---What you mean is that practice makes perfect. 你的意思是说熟能生巧。
---That’s exactly it. 就是这个意思。
---Do you want this one? ---Yes, that’s it.你要这个吗？对，正是这个。
【注】此时it也用于指代前面整个句子所表示的意思，要特别注意与关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句用法的区别：it仅作所在句子的主语或宾语，不能起连接作用；而which具有双重作用，作从句的主语或宾语且具有连接前后两部分的功能，所以其前不能用连词and或but来连接，但which可转换成为and/ butit。
二者都能够用来代替前面整个句子所表示的意思。
如：The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. (NMET 94)Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn’t help. (NMET 93)2、作引导词：(1)、作形式主语。
真正的主语能够是动词不定式、动名词或从句。
如：In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in the important football match.(上海2001) Does it matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (NMET 95)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 95)It is difficult for me to learn English.对于我来说学习英语是困难的。