信息管理系统-英文文献
信息管理系统_英文文献
Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has different management thought, the corresponding is corresponding with the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MIS for short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA) and database, model base, method base, knowledge base, and exchangeinformation with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them, especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside is inseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the software and hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharing network of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis. Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product of "post-industrial economy", at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network and communication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. Worldadvanced developed countries has established a perfect system of management information system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a "gold card", "Jin Guan", "golden bridge" project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards the knowledge economy, whether it is a management information system based on industrial economy, there are a few experts and management oriented expert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination of the development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful companies are dependent onthe ability of the operation of the global network application and development of the enterprise's economic activity is likely to break through the boundaries and become a global activity. Relying on the management information system of the networked enterprise may establish a worldwide sales network, the multinational company, can track the order, delivery, settlement, participate in the competition of the world market. In haier group, for example, more than 10800 kinds of products in the market involve hundreds of countries, tens of thousands of dealers, 50000 outbound product every day, every day more than the average settlement funds of 276 million yuan. For such a complex system, if not for networked management, as long as the one over one thousand link error, can make the enterprise bankruptcy.Management information systems involve economics, management, operations research, statistics, computer science, such as different subjects, is closely related to the interdisciplinary comprehensive cross of a new discipline. Is a worldwide made remarkable development of the discipline. Research and teaching in the field of management information system in China is faced with accelerated development, and the urgent needs and challenges in line with international standards. The wide application of management information system to promote the professional development of management information system, this is the sign of the mature management information system course. Global information is causing profound changes in today's world, reshaping the world political, economic, social, cultural and military development new pattern. Accelerate thedevelopment of information technology, has become the common choice of the world. Informatization development cannot leave the construction of management information system, information only through for effective process management, build a management information system can play its role. The development of global informationization also reflects the globalization of management information system development.Enterprise information management system (EIMS) is the use of modern management ideas and methods, the adoption of the electronic computer, software and network communication technology, to the enterprise management decision in the process of information collection, storage, processing, analysis, to assist the enterprise daily business process until the formulation and optimization of decision scheme, and tracking, supervision, control, adjust the whole management process of the man-machine system.With the acceleration of economic development, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is becoming more and more competition is increasingly fierce. Due to the increasingly homogenized products, enterprise competition goal from pure product competition to supply chain competition, enterprise concern also from pure sales to expand into, sales and stock of each link. The application of network technology and e-commerce breakthrough the limitations of time and space, to the development of small and medium-sized enterprise to bring more opportunities, but also more increase the intensity of the competition between the enterprises. Using themodern computer information management technology, can improve the utilization rate of funds and settlement speed, reduce inventory, speed up the overall operating efficiency, so that enterprises in the fierce competition in the invincible position.Because enterprise is the profit maximization as the goal of economic organizations, the main purpose of the information resources management is to play to the information society benefit and potential value-added features, to complete the enterprise production, management, sales work, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, but also to improve the social benefits. In general, the main content of enterprise information resource management work include: (1) the management of information resources; (2) the management of the people; (3) the management of the information work.As the global economic integration and the establishment of market economic system and the rapid development of modern information technology, enterprise survival and the fundamental changes have taken place in the internal and external environment of competition, the enterprise information and information management and international standards. Enterprise informationization is, not only the extension of information technology, more important is the extension of enterprise management and organization. The essence of the enterprise information is supported by information technology, managers in time the use of information resources, grasp the market opportunities, to make decisions in a timely manner. Enterprise informatizationnot only should attach importance to technology research, therefore, more should attach great importance to the integration of information resources management, to avoid repetition of information resources, dispersed, waste and low efficiency, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Therefore, the enterprise information resources development and utilization is the core of the enterprise information construction, is also the starting point and the ultimate aim of the enterprise informatization.The role of information management system: 1. Knowledge, ensure that each member can be Shared within the organization. 2. Ensure the timeliness of knowledge acquisition. Information management system solved the cross-regional, across time, across units, access barriers between across different departments and employees, as long as it is on the premise of have permission, knowledge demanders can quickly find all kinds of knowledge they need through the system. 3. Improve organization or individual tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and ensure the effective transformation between the two. The emergence of knowledge economy makes the management information system has quickly become the key strategic resource of the enterprise. We put a lot of knowledge, as it were, condensed into the management information system and decision support system. Revolutionary will rely on the management information system of business administration, business process reengineering, management, led by the centralized to decentralized leadership development, customer relationship management, supply chain management, e-commerce, etc.All with the application and development of management information system of the intimate contact. Should see the application of information technology, is essentially make information been fully made use of the information society the dominant resources. Say so: the promotion of information technology is a means, the use of information is the true goal.Conclusion: the management information system development is a high-risk and high-yield of engineering. Put forward rational unified direction is caused by the management information system development has been very low success rate. It is estimated that in the 80 s China enterprise information the success rate of only 20%, this means that a large number of waste and loss of money. For a long time, people from different aspects to solve these problems, mainly from the perfect management system, strengthen the management of data, implement head principle, strengthen personnel training and raise the scientific nature of the development method and so on. Management information system of network greatly increased the possibility of information resources sharing between enterprises and enterprises. It's on, in, the downstream enterprises to establish virtual enterprise to create the conditions. In order to quick response to customers personalized needs development, the enterprise can through the Internet, with the help of other enterprise resources around the world to realize the integrated management.。
管理信息系统(英文文献)
Decision models for information systems management Kweku-Muata Osei-Bryson&Ojelanki NgwenyamaPublished online:1May2008#Springer Science+Business Media,LLC20081IntroductionIn the last two decades,information systems(IS)manage-ment decision making has become more complex.Every-day,IS managers in organizations of all over the world manage billions dollars of assets and must make complex decisions that involve information security,outsourcing, disaster recovery,software,hardware and vendor selection, investment strategies,timing the implementation of com-plex software systems(such as enterprise resource planning (ERP)).Inadequate understanding of these decision prob-lems,poor decision analysis,and bad judgment can result in catastrophic outcomes for companies.However,there has been limited research on decision models and frame-works that could assist information technology(IT) managers with these complex decision problems.While there are researchers working in these areas,much of their work appears in journals outside the field of IS.The primary objective of this special issue of Information Systems Frontiers is to focus on providing solutions to significant IS management problems and to provide strategic knowledge for practicing managers.A second objective of this special issue to give impetus to the development of a line of research that would continue to focus attention on providing solutions for the many emerging complex problems that IS managers may face. 2Information systems decision contextInformation systems management decision problems such as information security,outsourcing,disaster recovery, software,hardware and vendor selection,investment strat-egies,timing the implementation of complex software systems(such as ERP)are extremely complex and can adversely impact the performance of the firm.The complexity of these decision problems derive from organi-zation and environmental conditions that include(a) multiple stakeholders with different goals and risk prefer-ences(b)multiple objectives and value trade-offs;(c) competitive environments with risk and uncertainty;and (d)inter dependencies,indefinite time horizons and strategic impacts of decision.Under these conditions decision makers often have difficulties identifying decision alternatives and must be creative and careful in their analysis,as the consequences of poor IS decision making found in the literature show(Lyttinen and Robey1999;Yeo 2002;Ngwenyama et al.2007).When managers face complex IS problems,decision analysis frameworks and methods can be extremely useful when they assist:(1) interrogating the problem domain;(2)structuring decision problems and generating alternatives;(3)analyzing alter-natives and assessing their impacts;(4)determining the preferences of decision makers;(5)evaluating and com-paring decision alternatives,and,analysis of implications. However,while general theories and frameworks exists for decision analysis,the complexity and diversity of IS problems necessitate research and development of frame-Inf Syst Front(2008)10:277–279DOI10.1007/s10796-008-9082-7K.-M.Osei-Bryson(*)The Information Systems Research Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,V A23284,USAe-mail:KMOsei@O.NgwenyamaInstitute for Research on Technology Management, Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canadae-mail:Ojelanki@Ryerson.caworks and models specific to the class of decision problems that IS managers face.3The papersIn this special issue we present eight papers that present a range of approaches and address a wide range of IS decision problems.In general the papers can be classified into two categories,frameworks for decision analysis and decision models.One of the papers presents a conceptual framework;five of the papers present structured decision analysis frameworks,and three present decision-theoretic based models.While all the papers follow the design science paradigm of research,the decision framework papers present empirical cases,and the decision-theoretic papers present demonstrations of analysis using the models.The Samoilenko paper(Information Systems Fitness and Risk in IS Development:Insights and Implications from Chaos and Complex Systems Theories)outlines a framework and principles for analyzing IS fitness and risk based on chaos and complexity theory.Samoilenko approach is more in the tradition of appreciative decision making,where the focus is on ways of thinking to help the decision maker appreciate the problem situation.Aydin and Bakker(Analyzing IT Maintenance Outsourcing Decision from a Knowledge Management Perspective)also follow this tradition but from an empirically grounded perspective outlining a framework for decision analysis of knowledge management issues in IS outsourcing.They focus mainly on strategies for interrogating the problem domain and structur-ing the decision problem.Alaranta and Henningsson(An Approach to Analyzing and Planning Post-Merger IS Integration:Insights from Two Field Studies)outline a framework and approach for post-merger information sys-tems integration planning.Post-merger IS integration is a complex multidimensional problem that is challenging many IS managers.Alaranta and Henningsson discuss the key decisions of the planning process and suggest strategies for approaching them.An important feature of their approach is its grounding in empirical case studies of favorable and unfavorable strategies.The Scheepers and Scheepers(A Process-focused Decision Framework for Analyzing the Business Value Potential of IT Investments)framework focuses on analyzing IT investments from the perspective of business value creation.These authors develop a model for exploring the business value potential of IT at the business process level;a challenging undertaking necessary for cost-benefit analysis.The last of this category is that of Barclay(Towards An Integrated Measurement of IS Project Performance:The Project Performance Scorecard),who presents a framework and approach for evaluating project performance based on existing theoretical models of IS success and the Balanced Scorecard.She focuses on defining dimensions of project measurement that are of interest to different stakeholders and a process for eliciting preferences.The three decision-theoretic papers also vary in topics that they cover.Like Barclay,Plaza(Team Performance and Information System Implementation Application of the Progress Curve to the Earned Value Method in an Information System Project)is concerned with IS project performance but comes to the issue from a different perspective.Plaza is interested in predicting implementa-tion times(and cost)for large scale IS projects and proposes a decision model based on the earned value method and the learning curve.Rao and Osei-Bryson(An Approach for Incorporating Quality-Based Cost–Benefit Analysis in Data Warehouse Design)focus on an aspect of data warehouse design where the major concern is the determination of the data that are to be produced and stored in the data warehouse.They present a cost-benefit model that incorporates quality issues in data warehouse design. Finally Turetken(Is Your Back-Up IT Infrastructure in a Safe Location?)presents a multi-criteria decision model for location of the IT infrastructure for business continuity planning.4Contribution of this issueThis issue of ISF makes a contribution to theory and practice of IS management from the following perspectives:(1)The papers present frameworks and models that have immediate application to various classes of IS decision problems.(2) The papers present possibilities for further research into decision models for the problems that the authors have addressed.However,this research can evolve along different lines:(a)the development of decision support systems for the addressed problems;(b)other approaches or techniques that might be applicable for extending the breadth and depth of the current approaches;(c)alternative approaches can be proposed for the set of problems and comparative analysis can be conducted.We wish to express our appreciation to all the authors who submitted papers.We also wish to express our gratitude to all the reviewers who diligently reviewed the papers in order to ensure that that there was appropriate quality and fit. ReferencesLyytinen,K.,&Robey,D.(1999).Learning failure in information systems rmation Systems Journal,9,85–101. Ngwenyama,O.,Guergachi,A.,&McLaren,T.(2007).Using the learning curve to maximize IT productivity:A decision analysismodel for timing software upgrades.International Journal of Production Economics,1005,524–535.Yeo,K.(2002).Critical failure factors in information systems projects.International Journal of Project Management,20,241–246. Kweku-Muata Osei-Bryson is Professor of Information Systems at Virginia Commonwealth University.He has also worked as an Information Systems practitioner in industry and government.He holds a Ph.D.in Applied Mathematics(Management Science& Information Systems)from the University of Maryland at College Park.His research areas include:Data Mining,Database Systems, Knowledge Management,IS Security,e-Commerce,Decision Support Systems,IT&Productivity,IS Outsourcing.He has published papers in various journals including:Journal of Database Management, Information Systems Frontiers,European Journal of Information Systems,Information&Management,Information Systems Journal, Journal of the Association for Information Systems,Expert Systems with Applications.He serves as an Associate Editor of the INFORMS Journal on Computing,on the Editorial Board of the Computers&Operations Research journal and the International Advisory Board of the Journal of the Operational Research Society.Ojelanki Ngwenyama,MS,(Roosevelt),MBA(Syracuse),Ph.D. (Computer Science,SUNYBinghamton),is Professor of Information Technology Management and Director of the Institute for Research on Technology Management and Organizational Learning at Ryerson University,Canada.Prior to joining Ryerson in2004,Ojelanki was Professor of Information Systems at Virginia Commonwealth Univer-sity.He is currently Visiting Research Professor at Aalborg University in Denmark,and University of Jyväskyläin Finland.Ojelanki’s current research focuses on ICT and productivity,IT management, software process improvement,non-traditional research methods in information systems and ICT and development.He was an Associate Editor for MISQ(2004-2001)and is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Scandinavian Journal of Information System. He has also served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Information Technology and People and Journal of the Association of Information Systems and ICIS.。
外文文献--医院信息管理系统
1 DatabaseDatabases offer great opportunities for productivity. In fact, in corporate libraries，electronic databases are now considered more valuable than books and journals. However, maintaining databases means users must make constant efforts to keep them from being tampered with or misused.1、Strategic usesDatabases help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future。
To support the needs of managers and other business professionals，many organizations collect data from a variety of internal and external databases。
This data is then stored in a special type of database called a data warehouse. A technique called data mining is often used to search these databases to look for related information and patterns。
There are hundreds of databases available to help users with both general and specific business purposes，including：Business directories providing addresses，financial and marketing information, products, and trade and brand names。
外文文献--医院信息管理系统
1 DatabaseDatabases offer great opportunities for productivity. In fact, in corporate libraries，electronic databases are now considered more valuable than books and journals. However, maintaining databases means users must make constant efforts to keep them from being tampered with or misused.1、Strategic usesDatabases help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future。
To support the needs of managers and other business professionals, many organizations collect data from a variety of internal and external databases。
This data is then stored in a special type of database called a data warehouse。
A technique called data mining is often used to search these databases to look for related information and patterns。
There are hundreds of databases available to help users with both general and specific business purposes, including：Business directories providing addresses, financial and marketing information, products，and trade and brand names.Demographic data，such as county and city statistics，current estimates on population and income, employment statistics，census data , and so on.Business statistical information, such as financial information on publicly traded companies，market potential of certain retail stores，and other business data and information.Text databases providing articles from business publications，press releases, reviews on companies and products, and so on。
信息管理系统-英文文献完整版.docx
Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has different management thought, the corresponding is corresponding with the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MIS for short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA) and database, model base, method base, knowledge base, and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them,especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside is inseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the software and hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharing network of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis.Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product of "post-industrial economy", at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network and communication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. World advanced developed countries has established a perfect system of managementinformation system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a "gold card", "Jin Guan", "golden bridge" project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards the knowledge economy, whether it is a management information system based on industrial economy, there are a few experts and management oriented expert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination of the development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful companies are dependent on the ability of the operation of the global network application and development of the enterprise'seconomic activity is likely to break through the boundaries and become a global activity. Relying on the management information system of the networked enterprise may establish a worldwide sales network, the multinational company, can track the order, delivery, settlement, participate in the competition of the world market. In haier group, for example, more than 10800 kinds of products in the market involve hundreds of countries, tens of thousands of dealers, 50000 outbound product every day, every day more than the average settlement funds of 276 million yuan. For such a complex system, if not for networked management, as long as the one over one thousand link error, can make the enterprise bankruptcy.Management information systems involve economics, management, operations research, statistics, computer science, such as different subjects, is closely related to the interdisciplinary comprehensive cross of a new discipline. Is a worldwide made remarkable development of the discipline. Research and teaching in the field of management information system in China is faced with accelerated development, and the urgent needs and challenges in line with international standards. The wide application of management information system to promote the professional development of management information system, this is the sign of the mature management information system course. Global information is causing profound changes in today's world, reshaping the world political, economic, social, cultural and military development new pattern. Accelerate the development of information technology, has become the common choice of theworld. Informatization development cannot leave the construction of management information system, information only through for effective process management, build a management information system can play its role. The development of global informationization also reflects the globalization of management information system development.Enterprise information management system (EIMS) is the use of modern management ideas and methods, the adoption of the electronic computer, software and network communication technology, to the enterprise management decision in the process of information collection, storage, processing, analysis, to assist the enterprise daily business process until the formulation and optimization of decision scheme, and tracking, supervision, control, adjust the whole management process of the man-machine system.With the acceleration of economic development, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is becoming more and more competition is increasingly fierce. Due to the increasingly homogenized products, enterprise competition goal from pure product competition to supply chain competition, enterprise concern also from pure sales to expand into, sales and stock of each link. The application of network technology and e-commerce breakthrough the limitations of time and space, to the development of small and medium-sized enterprise to bring more opportunities, but also more increase the intensity of the competition between the enterprises. Using the modern computer information management technology, can improve the utilization rate of fundsand settlement speed, reduce inventory, speed up the overall operating efficiency, so that enterprises in the fierce competition in the invincible position.Because enterprise is the profit maximization as the goal of economic organizations, the main purpose of the information resources management is to play to the information society benefit and potential value-added features, to complete the enterprise production, management, sales work, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, but also to improve the social benefits. In general, the main content of enterprise information resource management work include: (1) the management of information resources; (2) the management of the people; (3) the management of the information work.As the global economic integration and the establishment of market economic system and the rapid development of modern information technology, enterprise survival and the fundamental changes have taken place in the internal and external environment of competition, the enterprise information and information management and international standards. Enterprise informationization is, not only the extension of information technology, more important is the extension of enterprise management and organization. The essence of the enterprise information is supported by information technology, managers in time the use of information resources, grasp the market opportunities, to make decisions in a timely manner. Enterprise informatization not only should attach importance to technology research, therefore, more should attach great importance to the integration of information resources management, to avoid repetition ofinformation resources, dispersed, waste and low efficiency, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Therefore, the enterprise information resources development and utilization is the core of the enterprise information construction, is also the starting point and the ultimate aim of the enterprise informatization. The role of information management system: 1. Knowledge, ensure that each member can be Shared within the organization. 2. Ensure the timeliness of knowledge acquisition. Information management system solved the cross-regional, across time, across units, access barriers between across different departments and employees, as long as it is on the premise of have permission, knowledge demanders can quickly find all kinds of knowledge they need through the system. 3. Improve organization or individual tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and ensure the effective transformation between the two. The emergence of knowledge economy makes the management information system has quickly become the key strategic resource of the enterprise. We put a lot of knowledge, as it were, condensed into the management information system and decision support system. Revolutionary will rely on the management information system of business administration, business process reengineering, management, led by the centralized to decentralized leadership development, customer relationship management, supply chain management, e-commerce, etc. All with the application and development of management information system of the intimate contact. Should see the application of information technology, is essentially make information been fully made use of the information society thedominant resources. Say so: the promotion of information technology is a means, the use of information is the true goal.Conclusion: the management information system development is a high-risk and high-yield of engineering. Put forward rational unified direction is caused by the management information system development has been very low success rate. It is estimated that in the 80 s China enterprise information the success rate of only 20%, this means that a large number of waste and loss of money. For a long time, people from different aspects to solve these problems, mainly from the perfect management system, strengthen the management of data, implement head principle, strengthen personnel training and raise the scientific nature of the development method and so on. Management information system of network greatly increased the possibility of information resources sharing between enterprises and enterprises. It's on, in, the downstream enterprises to establish virtual enterprise to create the conditions. In order to quick response to customers personalized needs development, the enterprise can through the Internet, with the help of other enterprise resources around the world to realize the integrated management.。
信息管理与信息系统论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
信息管理与信息系统论文中英文资料外文翻译文献Construction of Network Management Information System of Agricultural Products Supply Chain Based on 3PLsAbstractThe necessity to construct the network management information system of 3PLs agricultural supply chain is analyzed, showing that 3PLs can improve the overall competitive advantage of agricultural supply chain. 3PLs changes the homogeneity management into specialized management of logistics service and achieves the alliance of the subjects at different nodes of agricultural products supply chain. Network management information system structure of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs is constructed, including the four layers (the network communication layer, the hardware and software environment layer, the database layer, and the application layer) and 7 function modules (centralized control,transportation process management, material and vehicle scheduling, customer relationship, storage management, customer inquiry, and financial management).Framework for the network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs is put forward. The management of 3PLs mainly includes purchasing management, supplier relationship management, planning management, customer relationship management, storage management and distribution management. Thus, a management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises is obtained. The network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs has realized the effective sharing of enterprise information of agricultural products supply chain at different nodes, establishing a long-term partnership revolving around the 3PLs core enterprise, as well as a supply chain with stable relationship based on the supply chain network system, so as to improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products, and to explore the sales market for agricultural products.Key words3PLs (third party logistics)，Agricultural products supply chain, Network management information system, China3PLs means that production enterprises entrust the logistics activity to the professional logistics service firms in order to concentrate efforts on core business, to keep close contact with logistics enterprise through information system, and to achieve a logistics operation and management mode with full control in logistics. According to the 3PLs requirements forinformation technology, supply chain management information system based on 3PLs is a supply chain management mode with 3PLs enterprises as the core, using EDI technology, GIS/GPS system, B/S mode and other technologies. Integration, processing and application of 3PLs enterprises in supply chain management information system are fully applied in order to reduce the cost of logistics and to improve the service level of logistics.At present, management information technology in China is just at the initial stage. The existing management information system offers insufficient information for the 3PLs enterprises which are engaged in the circulation of agricultural products.Besides, its construction of logistics data processing system is imperfect, having not realized the truly professional 3PLs enterprises for the circulation of agricultural products with information technology. At the same time, 3PLs enterprise for agricultural products has just started in China. And logistics applied in the agricultural supply chain with 3PLs enterprise as the core is time-consuming, inefficient and low-level, which can hardly meet the needs of the rapid development of rural market and social productive forces. Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to construct a management information system for agricultural products supply chain under the current Internet environment. Problems in the management of the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed, and a network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs is constructed in order to offer references for the information management in the supply chain of agricultural products in China.1 Necessity of constructing the network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLsAgricultural products are seasonal, perishable and vulnerable. With the improvement of income level，consumers have increasingly high requirements for the diversification, personalization, just-in-time nature, and environment protection of agricultural products, which requires faster, more professional，and better organized logistics. At the same time, supply chain of agricultural products has the characteristics of the special purpose of funds, the uncertainty of market, and the unbalanced development of market. Thus, the support of supply chain management information system is needed during the circulation of agricultural products. Construction of market integration,as well as the integration of production, supply and marketing,urgently needs a new management information system of agricultural products, as well as an accompanying legal support system, in order to reduce the cost and to increase the profit for agricultural enterprises. And the application of 3PLs in the supply chain of agricultural products can solve this problem.Therefore, we should give full play to the central hub function of 3PLs enterprises in agricultural products supply chain, increase the input in the informationization of agricultural products supply chain, and promote the construction of logistics operation system and management information system.1 .1 Improving the overall competitive advantage of agricultural products supply chain by 3PLs3PLs is a new logistics organizational form established by modern information technology, as well as a kind of complementary and win-win strategic alliance by signing contract with the party being served. Taking 3PLs as the professional and core enterprise in the production and circulation of agricultural products can help to realize resource consolidation of the construction and organization of the whole supply chain of agricultural products. The specialization of raw materials and the service for product distribution have greatly improved the logistics efficiency of traditional enterprise. At the same time, construction of the management information system ofagricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs has made up for the shortage of information in agricultural market, has improved the efficiency of the flow of agricultural products, has connected all the links in the supply chain into an organic whole in an reasonable and effective way,and has enhanced the overall competitive advantage and economic benefits. 3PLs platform has greatly brought down the production and circulation processes of traditional agricultural enterprises, and has reduced the costs in raw material procurement and product distribution, so as to better adapt to the changes in market demand, to realize the rational distribution of resources, and to improve the overall competitiveness of the supply chain of agricultural products.1 .2 Changing the homogeneity management to specialized operation of logistics service by 3PLsDue to the characteristics of agricultural products, market requirement for logistics varies widely. Since traditional enterprises try to obtain the competitive advantage, there is fierce market competition in commodity circulation. Therefore, behavior of logistics market shows the characteristics of homogeneity and the profit is getting lower and lower. In order to seize the customer, some enterprises even take a loss. 3PLs enterprises share business risk with partners and carry out operation according to the items number, time and cost of customer by integration and utilization of resources. As a means of the supply chain integration of agricultural products, specialized operation of 3PLs can help the stakeholders of supply chain to obtain more demand information of agricultural products, and can reduce the circulation cost of agricultural products.1 .3 Alliance of the subjects in supply chain nodes of agricultural products by 3PLs3PLs stresses the relationship of “mutual complementarity, benefit sharing, information sharing” among the stakeholders in different nodes of supply chain. Development of the agricultural producer, supplier and retailer is limited if they rely only on their own resources. 3PLs enters into the outside service market, integrates the resources through the way of strategic alliances, ensures that the subject focuses its attention on core business, reduces the cost by scale effect, enhances the anti-risk strength, and helps to achieve quick response to market demand by information sharing.At the same time, contract-0riented 3PLs enterprises unify the interests of all subjects in supply chain of agricultural products, emphasize the strategic partnership of both parties,and alleviate market competition of related industries in agricultural markets. Subjects in both downstream and upstream of the supply chain share information and establish long-term partnership with 3PLs enterprises as the core.2 Construction of the network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs2.1 Construction of structural system3PLs platform is used to offer network communications and system services to the subjects in agricultural supply chain. Fig. 1 illustrates the structural system of network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs.Fig.1 Structural system of network management information system of agricultural supplychain based on 3PLsFig. 1 illustrates that the basic hardware of the system is combined by the network transmission media and network equipment, that is the network communication layer. Hardware facilities, corresponding system software, operation system and netmanager software together constitute the software and hardware environment layer.This layer provides necessary software and hardware facilities for 3PLs enterprises during the data storage and management of agricultural products. Database layer is responsible for the management of data source in agricultural information resources and network systems, and offers data integration to the application layer. 3PLs standard system includes the overall standard, network infrastructure standard, application support standard, application standard, information security standard, and management standard. Safety system of 3PLs includes the security management, security infrastructure, and security service.This system is composed of 7 function modules, such as the centralized control module, transportation process management module, material and vehicle scheduling module, customer relationship module, storage management module, customer query module, and financial management module(Fig. 2),the function of which is to ensure the information fluency and system security of 3PLs enterprises during the operation and integration of resources. These modules have improved the service module of different nodes in agricultural supply chain and have reduced the operation risk of system, so that the system becomes more structured, perfect, and rational.2.2 Framework of management systemBased on the existing research result，the business and module of modern logistics management，and the management information systems，Fig.3 reports the management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises according to the circulation of agricultural products from the manufacturer，supplier，and retail terminal to the consumer.Fig．2 Function modules of 3PLs network management information systemFig.3 The management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises Fig.3 shows the framework of network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs. The whole system, running under an open 3PLs, is formed by four layers of network communication layer, software and hardware environment layer, database layer and application layer. In the application layer, 3PLs, as the core of management information system of agricultural supply chain, plays the role of information processing center. It mainly manages the plan, inventory, and other subsystems, supervises subsystem through supplier relationship, conducts information interaction with procurement management subsystem and the supplier, and carries out information interaction with the supplier, producer and consumer through customer relationship management subsystem and sales management subsystem. Besides, 3PLs is also responsible for logistics management and control through the distribution management subsystem. Management of 3PLs mainly includes the 7 modules of purchasing management, supplier relationship management, planning management, customer relationship management, sales management, inventory management and distribution management. Through the effectiveintegration and coordination between 3PLs and the business with partner at the downstream and upstream of agricultural supplier chain, management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises is formed using the logistics information system to realize the integration of logistics and information flow.In general，3PLs enterprise is still in the initial stage in China. Management information system of agricultural supply chain is not perfect, which can not meet the current needs of the rapid development and agricultural products circulation in rural China. Thus, there is an urgent need to build a new mode of agricultural logistics, so as to reduce the process of sales turnover, to lower the production cost of 3PLs enterprises, to improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products, and to expand the sales market of agricultural products.3 ConclusionDeveloping modern 3PLs is an inevitable trend of market development. Design and development of management information system based on 3PLs can bring spillover benefits to the producer, supplier and retailer of agricultural products.Under the current Internet environment, management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs must be established based on the specific characteristics of operation mode and the actual business situation of 3PLs enterprises, so as to establish a management information system suitable for a given enterprise. From the perspective of overall integration of resources, the network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs established has connected the interests of different nodes in agricultural supply chain into an organic whole, has effectively eliminated the barriers to information flow, and has increased the profits of agriculture-related enterprises and farmers. At the same time, according to the characteristics of agricultural enterprises in China, a rational agricultural products logistics mode of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprise is established, which offers a reference for the management of agricultural supply chain in China.基于第三方物流的农产品供应链网络管理信息系统的建设摘要本文对构建网络农业第三方物流供应链管理信息系统的必要性进行了分析，表明第三方物流可以提高农产品供应链的整体竞争优势。
外文文献之数据库信息管理系统简介
外文文献之数据库信息管理系统简介Introduction to database informationmanagement systemThe database is stored together a collection of the relevant data, the data is structured, non-harmful or unnecessary redundancy, and for a variety of application services, data storage independent of the use of its procedures; insert new data on the database , revised, and the original data can be retrieved by a common and can be controlled manner. When a system in the structure of a number of entirely separate from the database, the system includes a "database collection."Database management system (database management system) is a manipulation and large-scale database management software is being used to set up, use and maintenance of the database, or dbms. Its unified database management and control so as to ensure database security and integrity. Dbms users access data in the database, the database administrator through dbms database maintenance work. It provides a variety of functions, allows multiple applications and users use different methods at the same time or different time to build, modify, and asked whether the database. It allows users to easily manipulate data definition and maintenance of data security and integrity, as well as the multi-user concurrency control and the restoration of the database.Using the database can bring many benefits: such as reducing data redundancy, thus saving the data storage space; to achieve full sharing of data resources, and so on. In addition, the database technology also provides users with a very simple means to enable users to easily use the preparation of thedatabase applications. Especially in recent years introduced micro-computer relational database management system dBASELL, intuitive operation, the use of flexible, convenient programming environment to extensive (generally 16 machine, such as IBM / PC / XT, China Great Wall 0520, and other species can run software), data-processing capacity strong. Database in our country are being more and more widely used, will be a powerful tool of economic management.The database is through the database management system (DBMS-DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) software for data storage, management and use of dBASELL is a database management system software.Information management system is the use of data acquisition and transmission technology, computer network technology, database construction, multimediatechnology, business needs, such as the establishment of a management platform, the platform constructed on the basis of pure software business management system (to meet the business needs for the purpose), achieving operational systems of data and information sharing, and based on this structure enquiries, schedulingor decision-making system.Information system can be manual or computer-based, independent or integrated, batch or on-line. The information system is usually the various types of combination. That is, of course, it can not be independent and is integrated.1. Independent system to meet a specific application areas (eg, personnel management) design. Independent system with its own documents, which are inevitable with a certain degree of redundancy.2. Integrated information systems through their use of the data were combined. Resource sharing system using a database to achieve integrated objectives. For example, the normal wage system requirements from the human resources and accounting systems found in the data.3. Artificial system has been developed based on a variety of computer information systems. So far, in a computerized artificial, and still lacks design experience (or) lack of information between users and service personnel exchanges. That is to say, computer-based workflow system directly from the manual system workflow. Often, these systems are independent, and the computer just as a data processor. In the design of these systems, with little regard to their integrated to the end of intent.4. Information systems according to a batch, on-line processing or both combination classification. In a batch system, and data will be handled in batches or reports. For example, banks will be a large number of cheque code, and then the end of the day, in batches of cheques, sorting and processing. Also, in order to prevent an airline ticket T alas in Atlanta and another at the same time point of sale outlets from Los Angeles to San Francisco, the last one a flight tickets, airlines must be on-line booking system, in order to reflect the current status of the database. Most on-line information system is successful batch requirements. even if the information resources management (IRM) system, and the potential of the computer information system has been widely recognized, most of the systems is still independent batch system. Now most of these systems have lost value, but was re-designed as an integrated, online system. By definition, we can see the comprehensive requirements of business managers and company leaders closercooperation. Information services professionals as consultants, and the integrated information system and business areas of conflict and differences should be resolved by the user groups. Resolve these differences in order to achieve a comprehensive environmental information services staff to the challenges posed by the user manager.数据库信息管理系统简介数据库是存储在一起的相关数据的集合，这些数据是结构化的，无有害的或不必要的冗余，并为多种应用服务；数据的存储独立于使用它的程序；对数据库插入新数据，修改和检索原有数据均能按一种公用的和可控制的方式进行。
软件工程毕业论文外文文献—信息管理系统简介
外文原文The information management system brief introductionA．output background of the management information systemThe information is a kind of resources, in pass by of 30 years, the every trade usually all had not a few managers and administrations the mastermind treated the data processing and calculators isolatedly.Result in the reason of this kind of viewpoint is, the data processing( DP) and the information service( IS) the personnel does not wish to use easily drive the language that customer( namely the personnel of" usage" calculator) comprehend and customer carries on the exchanges.The manager lacks the interest and inabilities as dint to this kind of exchanges, cause defer the development of the calculator system, thus fostering to live in isolation in many other aspects and the phenomenon of the redundancy labor.Communicate with the information attendant in the customer aspect, there is no an unit hope can make perfect, but, have some units indeed to have already obtained the more very successful experience.The customer thinks with some units of the information attendant match tacit understanding:This kind of successful reason lie in, the customer has already controled basic knowledge of the calculator and the information resources management.It is thus clear that, customer the manager controls the knowledge of this aspect is very necessary.Perfectly right, the information serve what professional personnel is to have this aspect knowledge, but to use a manager to acquire these knowledges, must pass the regular study, reading and fulfillments.Together between the information attendant relation of appropriate processing customer, can strengthen the both parties to work in coordination.For building up and supporting an information system of high quantity, the everyone must respect the will of the other party.The good and bad of the system quantity is direct to become the direct proportion with customer and a quality for work in coordination of the information attendant.Every those customer managers who would not like to control the basic knowledge of relevant calculator and the information resources management aspects and administration mastermind, will become the behind the time necessarily, participate the development trends that the information system develops the process directly in current this kind of encouragementcustomer especially under.Recommend in the past, customer manager to a large extent is depend on the information attendant, the information system that development and realizations need of.Owing to the information service needs the continuous development variety, leaving the responsibility that discriminates and raises the system now to customer- this is also a reason should of.The customer participates the development of the information system morely, this kind of trend as early as 70's the middle started, and, from that time hereafter develop constantly, have already entered the information attendant now together ages of the customer cooperation.Because only have the customer to even understand that they want to get from the information system by themselves what.The customer participates the typical model case performance of the information resources management( IRM) in the distribute type data processing( DDP) aspect.In this aspect, the customer not only need to attend the development of the system, and but also need to be responsible for the hardware equipments that manage the system movement's demand and personnel.People did not know until most in the last few years:The information is a kind of resources, must take into the exploitation to this kind of worthy resources, don't make it the white white run to waste.In compete the environment of the vehemence, manager and administration the mastermind must make use of the information availably, otherwise hard have a foothold in the invincible position.In the past, manager only the calculator see is a saving money of tool, but now, the calculator is see is a tool that created the profits.Each companies have a great deal of of, didn't°yet discover of, can make use of the potential of the calculator and the information resources.Discover this kind of potential the knowledge level of the calculator and the information processing that demand have, is most managers and the administration mastermind's what lies in one's powers of.B．basic type of the information systemThe information system can be artificial or according to calculator of, independent or comprehensive of, become to criticize processing of or machine of.The usual information system is the combination of above-mentioned various type.Certainly it can't be independent again comprehensive,1.The independent system is for satisfying a certain and particular applied realm( such as, personal management) but design.The independent system contain itsown document, these documents take to have the certain redundancy by all means.2.The comprehensive information system passes the data that they use but drive comprehensive together.The system makes use of a database with commonly shared resources to attain the comprehensive purpose.For example, the wages system requests to find out the data from the human resource system and accountancy's systems in go order.3.Taking the artificial system as the foundation has already developped a calculator information system of various each kind.So far, while carry on the artificial" the calculator turn", still lack to design the experience and( or) the want for information attendants and exchanges between customers.Also is to say, drew lessons from the workflow of the artificial system directly according to the workflow of the system of the ually these systems are independent, and used to only the calculator to handle the machine for the data.While design these systems, few in consideration of end want intention that they synthesize.4.The information system also can press criticize processing, the machine processing or two combinationses to categorize.In become criticize handle system, divide business and datas to criticize a ground of processing or the creation statement.For example, the bank code a great deal of check, then at a day end, criticize the place check separately, row preface and carry on the processing.Again such as, for prevent°froming the airline pulling in the tower a sell the ticket to order with in Atlanta of another sell the last ticket that the ticket orders to sell some one service gone to San Francisco from Los Angeles at the same time, the airline system book the ticket to must be the machine of , with the current appearance of the reflection database.Most s machine information system also has results to show the request of criticize the processing.Even appeared the information resources management( IRM) system, and after the potential of the calculator information system got extensive acknowledgement, most systems are still independent criticize to handle the system.Now these system in the most has already lost the use value, and is re- designed comprehensive of, the system of the machine .Pass the definition can know,"ing comprehensive" to request the business realm manager and company the leadership cooperates closely.The information serve the professional personnel and can be the adviser, but relevant comprehensive information system and the business realm of conflict and difference then should be solve by the customer group.Environment that solves these differences to synthesizewith the real realization is the information attendant to customer the manager put forward of challenge.C．social influence of the information systemThe social influence of various company information system is the responsibility that the information serves the manager and professional realm managers.Should check all plans in of and existing information system, to distinguish whether these systems will bring the harmful society influence or not.Should check the existing system with regularity specially.The society influence may be internal, be also likely to be exterior or two and but have it.The serious degree of affect will involve from the officers and workers not like this kind of short date of a certain new method to affect because the calculator turns but makes some officers and workerses reduce such long-term influence.These circumstances explained the information system harmful internal society influence.If know that the particular and applied system that a certain calculator of realization( under the condition of some, only is design) turn will bring the harmful society influence in advance, so customer the manager should serve the manager and company management section with information to cooperate, responding this kind of influence to contract to minimum extent.The exterior society influence involves with those person who the company has the friendly intercourse.( customer, client, attendant, creditor etc.)The change of a certain procedure is also possible to bring important influence to the image of the companies, thus also affecting the profits of the company.For example, a very and greatly the nationwide public enterprise company decision repeal is in 12 service organizations of small town, then request the residents of these towns and will pay to mail the company originally department, that company did not estimate the influence that this kind of change on the policy bring.The residents are angry with can't directly hand over style give native organization.Unique result is the organization that the public enterprise company must re- set up those places, and examine from the beginning lately- install accept the debt system.D．the function and the responsibility of the customer and the information service departmentA quantity of information system and a benefits with future company, on the very big degree dependence hence denied to rule the function and the responsibility of the customer andthe information service department clearly.The function and responsibilities of the underneath are in keeping with to most units, however for ising suitable for own circumstance and shoulding still make a little amount of modification.The function and the responsibility of the customer:1.The information system policy committee( ISPC).The information serves the deluxe coordination commission, usually being leader by the high class of the customer to constitute.Therefore, the responsibility of that committee is the responsibility of the customer.ISPC approval to some gravenesses request that information serve, build up having the initiative the class system, solve the difference between each section and build up the first- degree information service counterplan of company.2.Accept the reform.The calculator turn, in regard to its essence, mean the reform.But the person does not wish to accept the reform essentially.The whole section brush-off of the some business realm carries out the circumstance of an information system not seldom seen.Even if to the personnel assurance of that section and they also believe that the end product will raise the rate of production that they work and make under personal satisfied circumstance, also still such.The manager of the customer has the responsibility creation the appropriate environment to accept the ineluctable reform- carry out a calculator information system in that company.Perform is one of the best paths that encouragement accepts to reform probably.Perform a successful information system( is the company inner part in spite of of or exterior of) needs to cost some time properly.Should encourage the people to carry on the exchanges with those persons who turns the aspect to be subjected to" frustrate" in the calculator.3.The system service claim.The plait writes the service claim and hands over is the responsibility of the end customer for the information service department.4.To the support of the information service item.Isn't the member of an item set even if, customer the manager still should participate the activity of the item, because the end product of the item set is end will to the method, work of the section and succeed to produce the important influence.Should request the customer manager is after each important stage complete" the signing approve".Some customer managers exist a kind of innocent viewpoint,they think that the normal progress of the item is a naturally of, but system will completely according to hope to was so complete, the procedure that signing approve is the responsibility of the customer, and for the success of the item is to go to pass important.This kind of signing not only mean the satisfied approval that designs to the basic system, and but also mean the approbation toward the detailed function manual.Manager and their employees of customers should meet the relevant item to constitute the member, comprehending and agreeing with the system suggest for them every way to carry on the pit actually.At the stage of Ⅱend can't still over-emphasize the importance of the signing approbation, because the that time system function a manual still" is freeze of".At the system of the modification ratio that stage of Ⅱdo realization after do the manpower that same modification need to want to be little and have to have another.For example, may need a person only to the modification of some document design to can complete no longer than a day in stage of Ⅱ , but after system carry out, do the same modification and may request several individuals to do a few months.The customer should find out the blemish as early as possible, and before understanding the system thoroughly, before use the section satisfaction, do not sign the approbation.cate.The manager of the customer and customer the personnel is responsible for the training that provides the business to the information attendant.( for example, stock method, the open account principle...etc.)According to the size of the item set, this kind of training can summit the form to carry on with the personal form or group.If customer the manager can recommend some informations sources( such as book, magazine, regular course...etc.) that can make use of also helpful to training.The customer also may need to be some to have something to do with training of calculator and the information system of knowledge.The information service department will be responsible for this kind of training.The customer just attends the training.The contents of this kind of training includes to be like how to use the calculator hardware, according to the work principle of the calculator system and involve the training of not deeply general calculator knowledge etc. topic.6.The data records to go into.According to the scope that the traditional information service working talent distribute, the customer group may participate almost all aspects of theinformation service.( include to record to go into the program design from the data)At least, the customer section wants to be responsible for the importation of the system.In the machine system, the data importation still include to is a readable form of machine the original data conversion that comes from the video frequency manifestation equipments.In become criticize handle system, the customer is responsible for completing accurate and legal original data.Then record these original datas criticize separately erupt the data of send to the information service into the section.This kind of a serious problem that becomes to criticize to turn to record the processing is many character lists are" illegal" in the original data, this will cause to usually make a phone call for the customer section or seek to come or saved into in the database bad or the data of the mistake.The manager of the customer should know the legitimacy and the accuracy equal importance of the character list.Should encourage the importance that clerk's personnel knows accurate and clean and neat twos.7.For provide of information service hand over the fee.According to the dissimilarity of each company policy, the service that the customer section may provide to the information service department pay all or parts of expenses or not pay, have already adopted a typical model to charge those companies of system and will consult with, analyze the member and program designs service, use the hardware machine and use to save the machine and materials to the inner part, charge to the customer open account. 8.The periodical evaluation information system.An information system( its ownership) from the customer section own, not from the information service department own.Therefore, carry on to their information system the regular commentary with regularity is the customer manager's responsibility.These comment on, will rise a kind of aggressive function for the improvement system.The function and the responsibility of the information service department:1.Keep advanced sex on the technique.Because the technique of the modern is in the variety everyday, the company can't neglect to decline low cost and suggest the opportunity of the high performance.For making use of the existing technique, the information attendant must be join force to keep advanced sex on the technique with one mind.The information service department and customers manage the technique invention that the section should notice to those to raise the rate of production and efficiency probably.2.Rise to promote the function.In the aspects of discovering the new information system and raising the existing information system, the information attendant should rise to promote the function.Any improvement data processing or management make policy the opportunities of the process and should cause concerning the business realm manager's attention.3.Provide to suggest the source.The information attendant is to provide the suggestion and advisory headsprings toward the customer group.The information service department should provide an organization( for example, customer contact section), for the purpose of customer can pass that organization request suggestion of the relevant calculator and the information processing.4.Help the customer in system develop process.The system development process press half to half of comparisons, from the expert of the business realm with( the information system aspect) technique the expert combine together, developping together a take calculator as the basal information system.By 1980, it is the responsibility of the information service department that popular viewpoint is the system development in customer and the information attendants.Today, the information system is own by customer, therefore, the system development is the responsibility of the customer.The responsibility of the information service department is an information system item that"s help" the customer to carry out them.5.Provide the movement ability for the information system.The information service department is responsible for a part that produces the system to have something to do with hardware.Certainly, this is is not suitable for in to distribute the data processing environment also.So-called have something to do with hardware the part includes the engine room, control, output's to send out to record to go into with data.( only rightness become criticize to handle the environment)The responsibility concerning database, sometimes will produce to confuse.The company database is saving saving equipments at the big capacity that be control by the information attendant and operate up.The managing person of the database is responsible for the physics and logical maintenances of the database.However, to any change of the database is to is carried on the push by the customer importation, therefore, the accuracy of the database is from the customer be responsible for, not database managing person is responsible of.6.Support the data of the information system.To the whichever and existing informationsystem, the complete set data includes the " circulate the order", the database data( may support one or several information systemses) and user's manuals of the system and program design data, the calculator operator.Must reflect to any improvement of the system in above- mentioned data, these datas are distribute by the information attendant and support.7.For the company whole turn to provide the help.The data becomes comprehensive( combination) tool of company.Each company, the education section and the government agency all exist the redundancy in the data and procedureses.The information service department contain responsibility provide the ability( hardware and expert) on the technique to remove this kind of phenomenon.8.Provide to educate the project( outline) toward the customer.Nowadays widespread viewpoint is, the customer handle the education of the aspect in the calculator and information, having the important influence successfully for an unit.The manager of the customer and deluxe administration leadership is making use of the professional public lecturer and facing to the book and the inner part colloquium of the customer well.The information service department be responsible for organize the customer manager of internal public lecturer.Handle the knowledge in the calculator and information, exist thus a kind of request, educate the reasonable charges to the customer namely, even in the small companyalso such.外文翻译信息管理系统简介一．管理信息系统产生的背景信息是一种资源,在过去的 30 年中，各行各业往往都有不少管理人员和行政首脑孤立地看待数据处理和计算机。
信息管理与信息系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
信息管理与信息系统中英文对照外文翻译文献一、引言在当今数字化和信息化的时代，信息管理与信息系统（Information Management and Information System，简称 IMIS）成为了企业和组织运营中至关重要的组成部分。
有效的信息管理能够帮助企业提高决策效率、优化业务流程、增强竞争力。
而信息系统则为信息的收集、存储、处理和传播提供了技术支持。
为了更深入地了解这一领域，我们对相关的外文文献进行了翻译和研究。
二、信息管理的概念与重要性信息管理是指对信息资源进行规划、组织、领导和控制的过程。
其目的是确保信息的准确性、完整性、及时性和可用性，以满足组织内部不同层次的需求。
在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中，信息已成为一种宝贵的资源，企业能否有效地管理和利用信息，直接关系到其生存和发展。
例如，一家制造企业通过对市场需求信息、生产过程信息和供应链信息的有效管理，可以实现精准的生产计划，降低库存成本，提高客户满意度。
同时，信息管理还能够帮助企业识别潜在的市场机会和风险，为战略决策提供有力支持。
三、信息系统的类型与功能信息系统主要包括事务处理系统（Transaction Processing System，TPS）、管理信息系统（Management Information System，MIS）、决策支持系统（Decision Support System，DSS）和企业资源规划系统（Enterprise Resource Planning，ERP）等。
事务处理系统主要用于处理日常的业务交易，如订单处理、库存管理等。
管理信息系统则提供了综合的信息报告，帮助管理人员进行监督和控制。
决策支持系统通过数据分析和模型构建，为管理层的决策提供支持。
企业资源规划系统则整合了企业的各种资源，实现了业务流程的集成和优化。
以一家跨国零售企业为例，其使用的企业资源规划系统能够实现全球范围内的库存实时监控、采购协同和财务统一管理，大大提高了运营效率和管理水平。
外文文献--医院信息管理系统
1 DatabaseDatabases offer great opportunities for productivity. In fact, in corporate libraries，electronic databases are now considered more valuable than books and journals。
However, maintaining databases means users must make constant efforts to keep them from being tampered with or misused。
1、Strategic usesDatabases help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future。
To support the needs of managers and other business professionals，many organizations collect data from a variety of internal and external databases。
This data is then stored in a special type of database called a data warehouse. A technique called data mining is often used to search these databases to look for related information and patterns。
There are hundreds of databases available to help users with both general and specific business purposes，including：Business directories providing addresses，financial and marketing information，products，and trade and brand names.Demographic data，such as county and city statistics, current estimates on population and income，employment statistics，census data ，and so on.Business statistical information，such as financial information on publicly traded companies, market potential of certain retail stores, and other business data and information.Text databases providing articles from business publications, press releases，reviews on companies and products，and so on.Web databases covering a wide range of topics including all of the above。
信息管理系统-英文文献
Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has different management thought, the corresponding is corresponding with the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MIS for short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA) and database, model base, method base, knowledge base, and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them, especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside is inseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the softwareand hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharing network of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis.Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product of "post-industrial economy", at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network and communication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. World advanced developed countries has established a perfect system of management information system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a "gold card", "Jin Guan", "golden bridge" project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards the knowledge economy, whether it is a management information system basedon industrial economy, there are a few experts and management oriented expert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination of the development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful companies are dependent on the ability of the operation of the global network application and development of the enterprise's economic activity is likely to break through the boundaries and become a global activity. Relying on the management information system of the networked enterprise may establish a worldwide sales network, the multinational company, can track the order, delivery, settlement, participate in the competition of the world market. In haier group, for example, more than 10800 kinds of products in the market involve hundreds of countries, tens of thousands of dealers, 50000 outbound product every day, every day more than the average settlement funds of 276 million yuan. For such a complex system, if not for networked management, as long as the one over one thousand link error, can make the enterprise bankruptcy.Management information systems involve economics, management, operations research, statistics, computer science, such as different subjects, is closely related to the interdisciplinary comprehensive cross of a new discipline. Is a worldwide made remarkable development of the discipline.Research and teaching in the field of management information system in China is faced with accelerated development, and the urgent needs and challenges in line with international standards. The wide application of management information system to promote the professional development of management information system, this is the sign of the mature management information system course. Global information is causing profound changes in today's world, reshaping the world political, economic, social, cultural and military development new pattern. Accelerate the development of information technology, has become the common choice of the world. Informatization development cannot leave the construction of management information system, information only through for effective process management, build a management information system can play its role. The development of global informationization also reflects the globalization of management information system development.Enterprise information management system (EIMS) is the use of modern management ideas and methods, the adoption of the electronic computer, software and network communication technology, to the enterprise management decision in the process of information collection, storage, processing, analysis, to assist the enterprise daily business process until the formulation and optimization of decision scheme, and tracking, supervision, control, adjust the whole management process of the man-machine system.With the acceleration of economic development, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is becoming more and more competition is increasingly fierce. Due to the increasingly homogenized products, enterprise competition goal from pure product competition to supply chain competition, enterprise concern also from pure sales to expand into, sales and stock of each link. The application of network technology and e-commerce breakthrough the limitations of time and space,to the development of small and medium-sized enterprise to bring more opportunities, but also more increase the intensity of the competition between the enterprises. Using the modern computer information management technology, can improve the utilization rate of funds and settlement speed, reduce inventory, speed up the overall operating efficiency, so that enterprises in the fierce competition in the invincible position. Because enterprise is the profit maximization as the goal of economic organizations, the main purpose of the information resources management is to play to the information society benefit and potential value-added features, to complete the enterprise production, management, sales work, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, but also to improve the social benefits. In general, the main content of enterprise information resource management work include: (1) the management of information resources; (2) the management of the people; (3) the management of the information work.As the global economic integration and the establishment of market economic system and the rapid development of modern information technology, enterprise survival and the fundamental changes have taken place in the internal and external environment of competition, the enterprise information and information management and international standards. Enterprise informationization is, not only the extension of information technology, more important is the extension of enterprise management and organization. The essence of the enterprise information is supported by information technology, managers in time the use of information resources, grasp the market opportunities, to make decisions in a timely manner. Enterprise informatization not only should attach importance to technology research, therefore, more should attach great importance to the integration of information resources management, to avoid repetition of information resources, dispersed, waste and lowefficiency, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Therefore, the enterprise information resources development and utilization is the core of the enterprise information construction, is also the starting point and the ultimate aim of the enterprise informatization.The role of information management system: 1. Knowledge, ensure that each member can be Shared within the organization. 2. Ensure the timeliness of knowledge acquisition. Information management system solved the cross-regional, across time, across units, access barriers between across different departments and employees, as long as it is on the premise of have permission, knowledge demanders can quickly find all kinds of knowledge they need through the system. 3. Improve organization or individual tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and ensure the effective transformation between the two. The emergence of knowledge economy makes the management information system has quickly become the key strategic resource of the enterprise. We put a lot of knowledge, as it were, condensed into the management information system and decision support system. Revolutionary will rely on the management information system of business administration, business process reengineering, management, led by the centralized to decentralized leadership development, customer relationship management, supply chain management, e-commerce, etc. All with the application and development of management information system of the intimate contact. Should see the application of information technology, is essentially make information been fully made use of the information society the dominant resources. Say so: the promotion of information technology is a means, the use of information is the true goal.Conclusion: the management information system development is a high-risk and high-yield of engineering. Put forward rational unified direction is caused by the management information system development has been very lowsuccess rate. It is estimated that in the 80 s China enterprise information the success rate of only 20%, this means that a large number of waste and loss of money. For a long time, people from different aspects to solve these problems, mainly from the perfect management system, strengthen the management of data, implement head principle, strengthen personnel training and raise the scientific nature of the development method and so on. Management information system of network greatly increased the possibility of information resources sharing between enterprises and enterprises. It's on, in, the downstream enterprises to establish virtual enterprise to create the conditions. In order to quick response to customers personalized needs development, the enterprise can through the Internet, with the help of other enterprise resources around the world to realize the integrated management.。
信息系统与信息管理的参考文献
信息系统与信息管理的参考文献I. 信息系统与信息管理的概念和发展1. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.本书通过对信息系统的介绍和解释，帮助读者了解信息技术如何与组织中的各个层面相互作用，从而推动组织变革和创新。
2. McLeod, R., Schell, G. (2008). Management Information Systems (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.该书深入探讨了信息系统的概念和原理，以及信息系统如何影响管理和组织运作。
适用于希望深入了解信息系统的读者。
II. 信息系统与信息管理的技术和应用1. Turban, E., Leidner, D., McLean, E., Wetherbe, J. (2005). Information Technology for Management: Transforming Organizations in the Digital Economy (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.该书介绍了信息技术在现代组织中的应用，包括电子商务、企业资源规划系统、数据挖掘和知识管理等方面的技术和应用。
2. Davis, G. B., Olson, M. H. (1985). Management Information Systems: Conceptual Foundations, Structure, and Development (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.这本经典的著作介绍了管理信息系统的概念框架和结构，以及信息系统的发展和演变过程。
外文文献—管理信息系统
附录Ⅰ外文资料：Management Information SystemsWriter: Raymond McLeod, Jr·George Schell ，2007Information is one of the main resources available to the manager. Information can be managed just as any other resource, and interest in this topic stem from two influences. First, business has become more complex, and second, the computer has achieved improved capabilities.Computer information is used by managers, non-managers, and persons and organizations within the firm’s environment. Managers are found on all orga nizational levels of the firm and in all business areas. Managers perform functions and play roles; to be successful and they need skill in communication and problem solving. Managers should be computer literate, but, more important, they should be information literate.It is helpful if the manager has an ability to see his or her unit as a system composed of subsystems and existing within a larger super system. The firm is a physical system, but it is managed through a conceptual system. The conceptual system consists of an information processor that transforms data into information and represents the physical resources.The first major computer application was used to process accounting data. That application was followed by four others: management information systems, decision support system, the virtual office, and knowledge-based system. All five of these applications compose the computer-based information system.What are the information resources?The first efforts to engage in information management focused on data. These efforts occurred in conjunction with widespread adoption database management systems during the 1970s and 1980s. Firms reasoned that if they managed their data by implementing computer-based DBMSs, they would, in effect, manage their information.A broader view, however, is that you can manage information by managing the resources that produce the information. In other words, rather than concentrate on the input (the data)and the output (the information), attention should also be given to the information processor that transforms the input into the output. This processor includes the hardware and software, as well an the persons who develop, operate, and use the systems. Also included are the facilities that house the resources.Main Type of Resource sThe manager managers five main type of resources:●Personnel●Material●Machines(including facilities and energy)●Money●Information(including data)The task of the manager is to manage these resources in order to use them in themost effective way. The first four resource types are tangible; they exist physically and can be touched. We use the term physical resource to describe them. The fifth resource type, information, is not valuable form what it represents. That is we use the term conceptual resource to describe information and data. Managers use conceptual resources to manage physical resources.How Information is managedIt is easy to see how a manager managers physical resources, but management applies equally well to conceptual resources. The manager ensures that the necessary raw data is gathered and then processed into usable information. He or she then ensures that appropriate individuals receive the information in the proper form at the proper time so that it can be used. Finally, the manager discard information that has outlived its usefulness and replaces it with information that is current and accurate. All of this activity-acquiring information, using it in the most effective way, and discarding it at the proper time-is called information management.Increasing Complexity of Business ActivityBusiness has always been complex, but it is more so today than ever before. All firms are subject to international economic influences and compete in a worldwide marketplace, the technology of business is becoming more complex, the time frame for taking action is shrinking, and there are social constrains.International economic influences Firms of all size are subject to economic influences that can originate anywhere in the world. Such influence can be seen in the relative values of the currencies of each nation. Buyers make purchases in those countries where their currencies have the greatest value. For example, when Mexico devalued its peso during the late 1980s, tourists decided to take their vacations there, rather than in place like Hawaii.Worldwide competition Firms no longer compete in only their own geographic area. Rather, competition exists on a worldwide scale. The effects of this competition can be seen in the imports from foreign countries. The decision by General Motors in the early 1990s to close many of its plans indicates that even industry giants are not insulated from the effects of competition which can originate anywhere in the world.Increasing complexity technology We see example of technology in business every day-barcode scanners in supermarkets, computer-based airline reservation systems, automated teller technology that we do not see-factory robots and automated merchandise storage-and-handling equipment, for example. Firms invest in this technology to perform necessary operation. Just think what would happen if the L.L.Bean mail-order operation in Maine or Harrods’s department store in London could no longer use their computer!Shrinking time frames All phases of business operations are performed more rapidly than ever before. Sales representatives engage in telemarketing to contact their customers within seconds by telephone, sale orders are transmitted electronically from one computer to another, and manufacturers schedule raw material deliveries to arrive “just in time.”Social constraints Oddly enough, not all pressures favor production; some favor nonproduction. This is true in the case of products and services that society findsundesirable. Business decisions must be based on economic factors, but social costs and payoffs must be considered as well. Plant expansion, new products, new products, new sales outlets, and similar actions must all be weighed in term of their environmental impact.Each of these influences contributes to the complexity of business.Physical systems and conceptual systemsThe business firm is a physical system, composed of physical resources. A conceptual system, on the other hand, is a system that uses conceptual resources-information and data-to represent a physical system. A conceptual system exists, for example, as mental images in the manager’s mind, as figures or lines on a sheet of paper, or in the electronic form of the computer’s storage.The computer is a physical system, but the data and information stored in it can be viewed as a conceptual system. The date and information represent one or more physical system. How the date and information are stored is unimportant. What is important is what the data and information represent. The physical system is important for what it is; the conceptual system is important for its representation of the physical system.What stimulated end-user computing?End-user computing evolved because of four main influences.●An increase in computer literacy During the early 1980s, good computereducation programs at both the college and precollege level began to have an impact. Management ranks, especially on the lower levels, began to fill with computer-literate people.●The information services backing Information specialists have always had morework than they can handle. This situation became critical during the early 1980s, when users began making demands on information services for additional systems support. Information services could not respond quickly enough, and backlogs built up. Some users had to wait two or three year for their jobs to work their way through the backlog.●Low-cost hardware During this period, the market becomes flooded withlow-cost microcomputers. Users could obtain their own hardware by placing an order at the local computer store by telephone and making payment for the petty cash fund.●Prewritten software Both hardware and software firms produced software thatwould perform basic accounting tasks as well as provide information for decision making. This prewritten software offered enhanced support and ease of use, and it enabled firms and individual users with little or no computer expertise to implement computer-based system.The combination of these four influences accounted for the explosion of end-user computing.System ElementsNot all systems have the same combination of elements, but a basic configuration is illustrated in figure 1.5. Input resources are transformed into output resources. The resources flow from the input element, through the transformation element, and to theoutput element. A control mechanism monitors the transformation process to ensure that the system meets its objectives. The control mechanism is connected to the resource flow by means of a feedback loop, which obtains information from the system output and makes it available to the control mechanism. The control mechanism compares the feedback signals to the objectives and directs signals to the input element when it is necessary to change the system operation.When this arrangement of elements is used to explain a heating system, for example, the input represents the fuel, such as natural gas or coal. Combustion is the heating process that transforms the fuel into heat-the output. The control mechanism is the thermostat, the feedback loop is the wiring that connects the thermostat to the heater, and the objective is the temperature that is dialed into the thermostat.When the system elements represent a manufacturing firm, the input resources are the raw materials, which are transformed into finished products or services by the manufacturing process. The control mechanism is the firm’s management, the objectives are the goals that the firm seeks to achieve, and the feedback loop is the flow of information both to and from management.中文译文：管理信息系统作者：Raymond McLeod, Jr·George Schell 信息是管理者可以使用的主要资源之一。
管理信息系统大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：管理信息系统文献、资料英文题目：Management Information System 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14英文原文The Source Of Article：Russ Basiura, Mike BatongbacalManagement Information SystemIt is the MIS(Management Information System ) that we constantly say that the management information system , and is living to emphasize the administration , and emphasizes that it changes into more and more significantly and more and more is universalized in the contemporary community of message . MIS is a fresh branch of learning, and it leaped over several territories, and for instance administers scientific knowledge, system science, operational research, statistic along with calculating machine scientific knowledge. Is living on these the branches of learning base, and takes shape that the message is gathered and the process means, thereby take shape the system that the crossbar mingles.1. The Management Information System Summary20 centuries, in the wake of the flourishing development of whole world economy, numerous economists propose the fresh administration theory one by one. Xi Men propose the administration and was dependent on idea to message and decisi on of strategic importance in the 50’s 20 centuries. The dimension of simultaneous stage is admitted issuing cybernetics, and he thinks that the administration is a control procedure. In 1958, Ger. write the lid: “ the administration shall obtain without delay with the lower cost and exact message, completes the better control “. This particular period, the calculating machine starts being used accountancy work. The data handling term has risen.In 1970, Walter T.Kennevan give administration that has raised the only a short while ago information system term to get off a definition: “ either the cover of the book shape with the discount, is living appropriately time to director, staff member along with the outside world personnel staff supplies the past and now and message that internal forecasting the approaching relevant business reaches such environment, in order to assist they make a strategic decision”. Is living in this definition to emphasize, yet does not emphasize using the pattern, and mention the calculating machine application in the way of the message support decision of strategic importance.In 1985, admonishing information system originator, title Buddhist nun Su Da university administration professor Gordon B.Davis give the management information system relatively integrated definition, in immediate future “ administer the information system is one use calculating machine software and hardware resources along with data bank man - the engine system.It be able to supply message support business either organization operation, administration or the decision making function. Comprehensive directions of this definition management information system target and meritorious service capacity and component, but alsomake known the management information system to be living the level that attains at that time.1.1 The Developing History of MISThe management information system is living the most primarily phase is counting the system, the substance which researched is the regular pattern on face between the incremental data, it what may separate into the data being mutually related and more not being mutually related series, afterwards act as the data conversion to message.The second stage is the data are replaced the system, and it is that the SABRE that the American airline company put up to in the 50’s 20 centuries subscribes to book the bank note system that such type stands for. It possess 1008 bank note booking spots, and may access 600000 traveler keep the minutes and 27000 flight segments record. Its operation is comparatively more complex, and is living whatever one “spot ”wholly to check whether to be the free place up some one flight numbers. Yet through approximately attending school up to say, it is only a data and replaces the system, for instance it can not let know you with the bank note the selling velocity now when the bank note shall be sell through, thereby takes remedying the step. As a result it also is administer information system rudimentary phase.The third phase is the status reports system, and it may separate into manufacture state speech and service state and make known and research the systems such as status reports and so on. Its type stands for the production control system that is the IBM corporation to the for instance manufacture state speech system. As is known to all, the calculating machine corporation that the IBM corporation is the largest on the world, in 1964 it given birth to middle-sized calculating machine IBM360 and causes the calculating machine level lift a step, yet form that the manufacture administration work. Yet enormously complicatedly dissolve moreover, the calculating machine overtakes 15000 difference components once more, in addition the plant of IBM extends all over the American various places to every one components once more like works an element, and the order of difference possess difference components and the difference element, and have to point out that what element what plant what installation gives birth to, hence not merely giving birth to complexly, fitting, installation and transportation wholly fully complex. Have to there be a manufacture status reports system that takes the calculating machine in order to guarantee being underway successfully of manufacture along with else segment as the base. Hence the same ages IBM establish the systematic AAS of well-developed administration it be able to carry on 450 professional work operations. In 1968, the corporation establishes the communal once more and manufactures informationsystem CMIS and runs and succeeds very much, the past needs 15 weeks work, that system merely may be completed in the way of 3 weeks.It is the data handling system that the status reports system still possess one kind of shape , and that it is used for handles the everyday professional work to make known with manufacture , and stress rests with by the handwork task automation , and lifts the effectiveness with saves the labor power . The data handling system ordinarily can not supply decision of strategic importance message.Last phase is the support systems make a strategic decision, and it is the information system being used for supplementary making a strategic decision. Thatsystem may program and the analysis scheme, and goes over key and the error solve a problem. Its proper better person-machine dialogue means, may with not particularly the personnel staff who have an intimate knowledge of the calculating machine hold conversation. It ordinarily consists of some pattern so as to come into being decision of strategic importance message, yet emphasize comprehensive administration meritorious service capacity.1.2 The Application of Management Information SystemThe management information system is used to the most base work, like dump report form, calculation pay and occurrences in human tubes and so on, and then developing up business financial affairs administrations and inventory control and so on individual event operational control , this pertains to the electron data handling ( EDP Data Processing ) system . When establish the business data bank, thereby possess the calculating machine electric network to attain data sharing queen , the slave system concept is start off , when the implementation the situation as a whole is made program and the design information system ,attained the administration information system phase . In the wake of calculating machine technique progress and the demand adjust the system of people lift further, people emphasize more furthermore administer the information system phase. Progress and people in the wake of the calculating machine technique lift at the demand adjust the system further, people emphasize more furthermore to administer the information system whether back business higher level to lead makes a strategic decision this meritorious service capacity, still more lay special emphasis on the gathering to the external message of business and integrated data storehouse, model library , means storehouse and else artificial intelligence means whether directly to decision of strategic importance person , this is the support system ( DDS ) mission making a strategic decision.There is the part application that few business start MIS inner place the limit of the world at the early days of being living in the 70’s 20 centuries. Up a t the moment, MIS is living, and there be the appropriatePopularization rate in every state nation in world, and nearly covered that every profession reaches every department.1.3 The Direction of MIS DevelopmentClose 20 curtains; external grand duke takes charge of having arisen3 kinds of alternations:A. Paying special attention to the administration being emphasized toestablishing MIS’s system, and causing the administration technique headfor the ageing.B. The message is the decision of strategic importance foundation, and MISsupplies the message service in the interest of director at all times.C. Director causes such management program getting in touch with togetherwith the concrete professional work maneuver by means of MIS. not merelybig-and-middle-sized business universally establish MIS some small-sizebusiness also not exceptions of self, universally establish the communal datanetwork, like the electronic mail and electron data exchange and so on, MISsupplied the well support environ ment to the application of Intranet’stechnique to speedily developing of INTERNET especially in the past fewyears in the interest of the business.Through international technique development tendency is see, in the 90’s 20 centuries had arisen some kinds of brand-new administration technique.1. Business Processes Rebuild (BPR)A business should value correctly time and produce quality, manufacturing cost and technical service and so on several section administrations, grip at the moment organization and the process compose once more,andcompletes that meritorious service capacity integrationist, operation processization and organization form fluctuation. Shall act as the service veer of middle layer management personnel staff the decision of strategic importance of the director service?2. Intelligentization Decision Support System (IDSS)The intelligentization decision of strategic importance support system was sufficiently consider demand and the work distinguishing feature of business higher level personnel staff.3. Lean Production (LP)Application give birth to on time, comprehensive quality control and parallel project that picked amount is given birth to and so on the technique, the utmost product design cutting down and production cycle, raise produce quality and cuts down the reproduced goods to reserve, and is living in the manufacture promote corps essence, in order to meet the demand that client continuously changes.4. Agile Manufacture (AM)One kind of business administration pattern that possess the vision, such distinguishing feature is workers and staff members’ quality is high, and the organization simplifies and the multi-purpose group effectiveness GAO message loading is agile and answers client requires swiftly.2. The Effect To The Business Administration of MIS DevelopmentThe effect to the business administration of the management information system development is administered the change to business and business administration of information system development and come into being and is coming into being the far-reaching effect with.Decision of strategic importance, particularly strategic decision-making may be assisted by the administration information system, and its good or bad directly affects living and the development up the business. The MIS is impeding the orientation development that the administration means one another unites through quality and ration. This express to utilize the administration in the calculation with the different mathematical model the problem in the quantitative analysis business.The past administer that the problem is difficult to test, but MIS may unite the administration necessaries, and supply the sufficient data, and simulates to producethe term in the interest of the administration.In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit.This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. In The wake of the news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term.At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution.The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better development against MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS.。
information systems management英文原文+翻译 学生信息管理系统的设计与发展 文献翻译
The Design and Development of the Students' Information Management SystemAs information technology advances, various management systems have emerged to change the daily lives of the more coherent, to the extent possible, the use of network resources can be significantly reasonable reduction of manual management inconvenience and waste of time.Accelerating the modernization of the 21st century, the continuous improvement of the scientific and cultural levels, the rapid growth of the number of students will inevitably increase the pressure information management students, the inefficient manual retrieval completely incompatible with the community\'s needs. The Student Information Management Systemis an information management one kind within system, currently information technique continuously of development, the network technique has already been applied in us extensively nearby of every trade, there is the network technical development, each high schools all make use of a calculator to manage to do to learn, the school is operated by handicraft before of the whole tedious affairs all got fast and solve high-efficiencily, especially student result management the system had in the school very big function, all can be more convenient, fast for the student and the teacher coming saying and understand accurately with management everyone noodles information. AbstractIt is a very heavy and baldness job of managing a bulky database by manpower. The disadvantage, such as great capacity of work, low efficiency and long period, exist in data inputting, demanding and modification. So the computer management system will bring us a quite change.Because there are so many students in the school, the data of students' information is huge, it makes the management of the information become a complicated and tedious work. This system aims at the school, passing by practically of demand analysis, adopt mighty VB6.0 to develop the student information managementsystem. The whole system design process follow the principle of simple operation, beautiful and vivid interface and practical request. The student information management system including the function of system management, basic information management, study management, prize and punishment management , print statement and so on. Through the proof of using, the student information management system which this text designed can satisfy the school to manage the demand of the aspect to students' information. The thesis introduced the background of development, the functions demanded and the process of design. The thesis mainly explained the point of the system design, the thought of design, the difficult technique and the solutions. The student managed the creation of the system to reduce the inconvenience on the manpower consumedly, let the whole student the data management is more science reasonable.The place that this system has most the special features is the backstage database to unify the management to student's information.That system mainly is divided into the system management, student profession management, student file management, school fees management, course management, result management and print the statement.The interface of the system is to make use of the vb software creation of, above few molds pieces are all make use of the vb to control a the piece binds to settle of method to carry out the conjunction toward the backstage database, the backstage database probably is divided into following few formses:Professional information form, the charges category form, student the job form, student the information form, political feature form of student, the customer logs on the form The system used Client/Server structure design, the system is in the data from one server and a number of Taiwan formed LAN workstations. Users can check the competence of different systems in different users submit personal data, background database you can quickly given the mandate to see to the content.Marks management is a important work of school,the original manual management havemany insufficiencies,the reasons that,students' population are multitudinous in school,and each student's information are too complex,thus the work load are extremely big,the statistics and the inquiry have been inconvenient.Therefore,how to solve these insufficiencies,let the marks management to be more convenient and quickly,have a higher efficiency,and become a key question.More and more are also urgent along with school automationthe marks management when science and technology rapid development,therefore is essential to develop the software system of marks register to assist the school teaching management.So that can improve the marks management,enhance the efficiency of management.Systems Analysis and Design SystemsWorking under control of a stored program, a computer processes data into information. Think about that definition for a minute. Any given computer application involves at least three components: hardware, software, and data. Merely writing a program isn’t enough, because the program is but one component is in a system.A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective. For example, consider a payroll system. Its objective is paying employees. What components are involved? Each day, employees record their hours worked on time cards. At the end of each week, the time cards are collected and delivered to the computer center, where they are read into a payroll program. As it runs, the program accesses data files. Finally, the paychecks are printed and distributed. For the system to work, people, procedures, input and output media, files, hardware, and software must be carefully coordinated. Note that the program is but one component in a system.Systems AnalysisComputer-based systems are developed because people need information. Those people,called users, generally know what is required, but may lack the expertise to obtain it. Technical professionals, such as programmers, have the expertise, but may lack training in the user’s field. To complicate matters, users an d programmers often seem to speak different languages, leading to communication problems. A systems analyst is a professional who translates user needs into technical terms, thus serving as a bridge between users and technical professionals.Like an engineer or an architect, a systems analyst solves problems by combining solid technical skills with insight, imagination, and a touch of art. Generally, the analyst follows a well-defined, methodical process that includes at least the following steps: Problem definitionAnalysisDesignImplementationMaintenanceAt the end of each step, results are documented and shared with both the user and the programmers. The idea is to catch and correct errors and misunderstandings as early as possible. Perhaps the best way to illustrate the process is through example.Picture a small clothing store that purchases merchandise at wholesale, displays this stock, and sells it to customers at retail. On the one hand, too much: stock represents an unnecessary expense. On the other hand, a poor selection discourages shoppers. Ideally, a balance can be achieved: enough, but not too much.Complicating matters is the fact that inventory is constantly changing, with customer purchases depleting stock, and returns and reorders adding to it. The owner would like to track inventory levels and reorder any given item just before the store runs out. For a single item, the task is easy-just count the stock-on-hand. Unfortunately, the store has hundreds of different items, and keeping track of each one is impractical. Perhaps a computer might help.Problem DefinitionThe first step in the systems analysis and design process is problem definition. Theanalyst’s objective is determining what the user needs. Note that, as the process begins, the user possesses the critical information, and the analyst must listen and learn. Few users are technical experts. Most see the computer as a “magic box,” and are not concerned with how it works. At this stage, the analyst has no business even thinking about programs, files, and computer hardware, but must communicate with the user on his or her own terms.The idea is to ensure that both the user and the analyst are thinking about the same thing. Thus, a clear, written statement expressing the analyst’s underst anding of the problem is essential. The user should review and correct this written statement. The time to catch misunderstandings and oversights is now, before time, money, and effort are wasted. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, the analyst performs a feasibility study. The study, a brief capsule version of the entire systems analysis and design process, attempts to answer three questions:1.Can the problem be solved?2.Can it be solved in the user’s environment?3.Can it be solved at a reasonable cost?If the answer to any one of these questions is no, the system should not be developed. Given a good problem definition and a positive feasibility study, the analyst can turn to planning and developing a problem solution.AnalysisAs analysis begins, the analyst understands the problem. The next step is determining what must be done to solve it. The user knows what must be done; during analysis, this knowledge is extracted and formally documented. Most users think in terms of the functions to be performed and the data elements to be manipulated. The objective is to identify and link these key functions and data elements, yielding a logical system design. Start with the system’s basic functions. The key is keeping track of the stock-on-hand for each product in inventory. Inventory changes because customers purchase, exchange, and return products, so the system will have to process customer transactions. The store’s owner wants to selectively look at the inventory level for any product in short supply and,if appropriate, order replacement stock, so the system must be able to communicate with management. Finally, following management authorization, the system should generate a reorder ready to send to a supplier.Given the system’s basic functions, the analyst’s next task is gaining a sense of their logical relation. A good way to start is by describing how data flow between the functions. As the name implies, data flow diagrams are particularly useful for graphically describing these data flows. Four symbols are used. Data sources and destinations are represented by squares; input data enter the system form a source, and output data flow to a destination. Once in the system, the data are manipulated or changed by processes, represented by round-corner rectangles. A process might be a program, a procedure, or anything else that changes or moves data. Data can be held for later processing in data stores, symbolized by open-ended rectangles. A data store might be a disk file, a tape file, a database, written notes, or even a person’s memory. Finally, data flow between sources, destinations, processes, and data stores over data flows, which are represented by arrows. Preliminary data flow diagram for the inventory system. Start a CUSTOMER. Transactions flow from a customer into the system, where they are handled by Process transaction. A data store, the STOCK, holds data on each item in inventory. Process transaction changes the data to reflect the new transaction. Meanwhile, MANAGEMENT accesses the system through Communicate, evaluating the data in STOCK and, if necessary, requesting a recorder. Once a reorder is authorized, Generate reorder sends necessary data to the SUPPLIER, who ships the items to the store. Note that, because the reorder represents a change in the inventory level of a particular product or products, it is handled as a transaction.The data flow diagram describes the logical system. The next step is tracing the data flow. Start with the destination SUPPLIER. Reorders flow to suppliers; for example, the store might want 25 pairs of jeans. To fill the order, the supplier needs the product description and the reorder quantity. Where do these data elements come from? Since they are output by Generate reorder, they must either be input to or generated by this process. Data flow into Generate reorder for STOCK; thus, product and reorder quantities must be stored inSTOCK.Other data elements, such as purchased and the purchase quantity, are generated by CUSTOMER. Still others, for example selling price and reorder point, are generated by or needed by MANAGEMENT. The current stock –on-hand for a given item is an example of a data element generated by an algorithm in one of the procedures. Step by step, methodically, the analyst identifies the data elements to be input to, stored by, manipulated by, generated by, or output by the system.To keep track of the data elements, the analyst might list each one in a data dictionary. A simple data dictionary can be set up on index cards, but computerized data dictionaries have become increasingly popular. The data dictionary, a collection of data describing and defining the data, is useful throughout the systems analysis and design process, and is often used to build a database during the implementation stage.The idea of analysis is to define the system’s major functions and data elements methodically. Remember that the objective is translating user needs into technical terms. Since the system starts with the user, the first step is defi ning the user’s needs. Users think in terms of functions and data. They do not visualize programs, or files, or hardware, and during this initial, crucial analysis stage, it is essential that the analyst think like a user, not like a programmer.Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries are useful tools. They provide a format for recording key information about the proposed system. Also, they jog the analyst’s memory; for example, if the analyst doesn’t have sufficient information to complete a data dictionary entry, he or she has probably missed something. Perhaps most importantly, the data flow diagram and the data dictionary document the analyst’s understanding of the system requirements. By reviewing these documents, the user can correct misunderstanding or oversights. Finally, they represent an excellent starting point for the next step, design.DesignAs we enter the design stage, we know what the system must do, and thus can begin thinking about how to do it. The objective is to develop a strategy for solving the problem.At this stage, we are not interested in writing code or in defining precise data structures; instead, we want to identify, at a black box level, necessary programs, files, procedures, and other components.The data flow diagram defines the system’s necessary functions; how might they be implemented? One possibility is writing one program for each process. Another is combining two or more processes in a single program; there are dozens of alternative solutions. Let’s focus on one option a nd document it.A system flowchart uses symbols to represent programs, procedures, hardware devices, and the other components of a physical system. Our flowchart shows that transaction data enter the system through a terminal, are stored on an inventory by a data collection program, and then are stored on an inventory file. Eventually, the inventory file is processed by a Report and reorder program. Through it, management manipulates the data and authorizes reorders.Look at the system flowchart. It identifies several hardware components, including a computer, a disk drive, a data entry terminal, a printer, and a display terminal. Tow programs are needed: Process transaction and Report and reorder. In addition to the hardware and the programs, we’ll need dat a structures for the inventory file and for data flows between the I/O devices and the software. Note that system flow chart illustrates one possible solution; a good analyst will develop several feasible alternatives before choosing one.The flowchart maps the system, highlighting its major physical components. Since the data link the components, the next task is defining the data structures. Consider, for example, the inventory file. It contains all the data elements from the data store STOCK. The data el ements are listed in the data dictionary. Using them, the file’s data structure can be planned.How should the file be organized? That depends on how it will be accessed. For example, in some applications, data are processed at regular, predictable intervals. Typically, the data are collected over time and processed together, as a batch. If batch processing is acceptable, a sequential file organization is probably best.It is not always possible to wait until a batch of transactions is collected, however. For example, consider an air defense early warning system. If an unidentified aircraft is spotted, it must be identified immediately; the idea of waiting until 5:00 p. m because “that’s when the air defense program is run” is absurd. Instead, because of the need for quick response, each transaction must be processed as it occurs. Generally, such transaction processing systems call for direct access file.Our inventory system has tow programs. One processes transactions. A direct access inventory file seems a reasonable choice. The other allows management to study inventory data occasionally; batch processing would certainly do. Should the inventory file be organized sequentially or directly? Faced with such a choice, a good analyst considers both options. One possible system might accept transactions and process them as they occur. As an alternative, sales slips might be collected throughout the day and programs would deal with direct access files; in the second system, they would be linked to sequential files. A program to process direct access data is different from a program to process sequential data. The data drive the system. The choice of a data structure determines the program’s structure. Note that the program is defined and planned in the context of the system.ImplementationOnce the system’s major components have been identified, we can begin to develop them. Our system includes two programs, several pieces of equipment, and a number of data structures. During implementation, each program is planned and written using the techniques described in Chapter 7. Files are created, and their contents checked. New hardware is purchased, installed, and tested. Additionally, operating procedures are written and evaluated. Once all the component parts are ready, the system is tested. Assuming the user is satisfied, the finished system is released.SummaryA system is a collection of hardware, software, data, and procedural components that work together to accomplish an objective. A program is but one component in a system. System are planned and designed by system analysts who generally follow a well-defined,methodical process. The first step in the process is problem definition, when the analystattempts to discover exactly what the user needs. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, a feasibility study is conducted to determine if the problem can be solved. Given a clear problem definition, analysis begins. During this stage, the analyst develops a logical model of the system. Key functions are linked through a data flow diagram. Using the diagram as a tool, the data flows are traced, and the system’s data elements are identified and recorded in a data dictionary. After the logical system isreviewed with the user, design begins.During design, the analyst develops a model of the physical system. A system flowchart can be used to map the system, defining each physical component as a symbol. A good systems analyst considers a number of alternative solutions to the problem before settling on one. Implementation follows design. Programs are planned and written; hardware is ordered and installed; procedures are written; files and databases are initialized; and, finally, the pieces are assembled and tested. Following release of the system, maintenancebegins.学生信息管理系统的设计与发展随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不便及时间的浪费.二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。
信息管理系统英文文献
信息管理系统英文文献英文文献-信息管理系统Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has differentmanagement thought, the corresponding is correspondingwith the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MISfor short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system andbase, knowledge base, method base, model database, and (OA)exchange information with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them, especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside isinseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the software and hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharingnetwork of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis.Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product ofpost-industrial economy, at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network and communication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. World advanced developed countries has established a perfect system of managementinformation system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a gold card, Jin Guan, golden bridge project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards theknowledge economy, whether it is a management information system based on industrial economy, there are a few experts and management orientedexpert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination ofthe development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful。
information-systems-management英文原文+翻译-----学生信息管理系统的设计与发展---文献翻译
The Design and Development of the Students' Information Management SystemAs information technology advances, various management systems have emerged to change the daily lives of the more coherent, to the extent possible, the use of network resources can be significantly reasonable reduction of manual management inconvenience and waste of time.Accelerating the modernization of the 21st century, the continuous improvement of the scientific and cultural levels, the rapid growth of the number of students will inevitably increase the pressure information management students, the inefficient manual retrieval completely incompatible with the community\'s needs. The Student Information Management Systemis an information management one kind within system, currently information technique continuously of development, the network technique has already been applied in us extensively nearby of every trade, there is the network technical development, each high schools all make use of a calculator to manage to do to learn, the school is operated by handicraft before of the whole tedious affairs all got fast and solve high-efficiencily, especially student result management the system had in the school very big function, all can be more convenient, fast for the student and the teacher coming saying and understand accurately with management everyone noodles information. AbstractIt is a very heavy and baldness job of managing a bulky database by manpower. The disadvantage, such as great capacity of work, low efficiency and long period, exist in data inputting, demanding and modification. So the computer management system will bring us a quite change.Because there are so many students in the school, the data of students' information is huge, it makes the management of the information become a complicated and tedious work. This system aims at the school, passing by practically of demand analysis, adopt mighty VB6.0 to develop the student information managementsystem. The whole system design process follow the principle of simple operation, beautiful and vivid interface and practical request. The student information management system including the function of system management, basic information management, study management, prize and punishment management , print statement and so on. Through the proof of using, the student information management system which this text designed can satisfy the school to manage the demand of the aspect to students' information. The thesis introduced the background of development, the functions demanded and the process of design. The thesis mainly explained the point of the system design, the thought of design, the difficult technique and the solutions. The student managed the creation of the system to reduce the inconvenience on the manpower consumedly, let the whole student the data management is more science reasonable.The place that this system has most the special features is the backstage database to unify the management to student's information.That system mainly is divided into the system management, student profession management, student file management, school fees management, course management, result management and print the statement.The interface of the system is to make use of the vb software creation of, above few molds pieces are all make use of the vb to control a the piece binds to settle of method to carry out the conjunction toward the backstage database, the backstage database probably is divided into following few formses:Professional information form, the charges category form, student the job form, student the information form, political feature form of student, the customer logs on the form The system used Client/Server structure design, the system is in the data from one server and a number of Taiwan formed LAN workstations. Users can check the competence of different systems in different users submit personal data, background database you can quickly given the mandate to see to the content.Marks management is a important work of school,the original manual management havemany insufficiencies,the reasons that,students' population are multitudinous in school,and each student's information are too complex,thus the work load are extremely big,the statistics and the inquiry have been inconvenient.Therefore,how to solve these insufficiencies,let the marks management to be more convenient and quickly,have a higher efficiency,and become a key question.More and more are also urgent along with school automationthe marks management when science and technology rapid development,therefore is essential to develop the software system of marks register to assist the school teaching management.So that can improve the marks management,enhance the efficiency of management.Systems Analysis and Design SystemsWorking under control of a stored program, a computer processes data into information. Think about that definition for a minute. Any given computer application involves at least three components: hardware, software, and data. Merely writing a program isn’t enough, because the program is but one component is in a system.A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective. For example, consider a payroll system. Its objective is paying employees. What components are involved? Each day, employees record their hours worked on time cards. At the end of each week, the time cards are collected and delivered to the computer center, where they are read into a payroll program. As it runs, the program accesses data files. Finally, the paychecks are printed and distributed. For the system to work, people, procedures, input and output media, files, hardware, and software must be carefully coordinated. Note that the program is but one component in a system.Systems AnalysisComputer-based systems are developed because people need information. Those people,called users, generally know what is required, but may lack the expertise to obtain it. Technical professionals, such as programmers, have the expertise, but may lack training in the user’s field. To complicate matters, users an d programmers often seem to speak different languages, leading to communication problems. A systems analyst is a professional who translates user needs into technical terms, thus serving as a bridge between users and technical professionals.Like an engineer or an architect, a systems analyst solves problems by combining solid technical skills with insight, imagination, and a touch of art. Generally, the analyst follows a well-defined, methodical process that includes at least the following steps: Problem definitionAnalysisDesignImplementationMaintenanceAt the end of each step, results are documented and shared with both the user and the programmers. The idea is to catch and correct errors and misunderstandings as early as possible. Perhaps the best way to illustrate the process is through example.Picture a small clothing store that purchases merchandise at wholesale, displays this stock, and sells it to customers at retail. On the one hand, too much: stock represents an unnecessary expense. On the other hand, a poor selection discourages shoppers. Ideally, a balance can be achieved: enough, but not too much.Complicating matters is the fact that inventory is constantly changing, with customer purchases depleting stock, and returns and reorders adding to it. The owner would like to track inventory levels and reorder any given item just before the store runs out. For a single item, the task is easy-just count the stock-on-hand. Unfortunately, the store has hundreds of different items, and keeping track of each one is impractical. Perhaps a computer might help.Problem DefinitionThe first step in the systems analysis and design process is problem definition. Theanalyst’s objective is determining what the user needs. Note that, as the process begins, the user possesses the critical information, and the analyst must listen and learn. Few users are technical experts. Most see the computer as a “magic box,” and are not concerned with how it works. At this stage, the analyst has no business even thinking about programs, files, and computer hardware, but must communicate with the user on his or her own terms.The idea is to ensure that both the user and the analyst are thinking about the same thing. Thus, a clear, written statement expressing the analyst’s underst anding of the problem is essential. The user should review and correct this written statement. The time to catch misunderstandings and oversights is now, before time, money, and effort are wasted. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, the analyst performs a feasibility study. The study, a brief capsule version of the entire systems analysis and design process, attempts to answer three questions:1.Can the problem be solved?2.Can it be solved in the user’s environment?3.Can it be solved at a reasonable cost?If the answer to any one of these questions is no, the system should not be developed. Given a good problem definition and a positive feasibility study, the analyst can turn to planning and developing a problem solution.AnalysisAs analysis begins, the analyst understands the problem. The next step is determining what must be done to solve it. The user knows what must be done; during analysis, this knowledge is extracted and formally documented. Most users think in terms of the functions to be performed and the data elements to be manipulated. The objective is to identify and link these key functions and data elements, yielding a logical system design. Start with the system’s basic functions. The key is keeping track of the stock-on-hand for each product in inventory. Inventory changes because customers purchase, exchange, and return products, so the system will have to process customer transactions. The store’s owner wants to selectively look at the inventory level for any product in short supply and,if appropriate, order replacement stock, so the system must be able to communicate with management. Finally, following management authorization, the system should generate a reorder ready to send to a supplier.Given the system’s basic functions, the analyst’s next task is gaining a sense of their logical relation. A good way to start is by describing how data flow between the functions. As the name implies, data flow diagrams are particularly useful for graphically describing these data flows. Four symbols are used. Data sources and destinations are represented by squares; input data enter the system form a source, and output data flow to a destination. Once in the system, the data are manipulated or changed by processes, represented by round-corner rectangles. A process might be a program, a procedure, or anything else that changes or moves data. Data can be held for later processing in data stores, symbolized by open-ended rectangles. A data store might be a disk file, a tape file, a database, written notes, or even a person’s memory. Finally, data flow between sources, destinations, processes, and data stores over data flows, which are represented by arrows. Preliminary data flow diagram for the inventory system. Start a CUSTOMER. Transactions flow from a customer into the system, where they are handled by Process transaction. A data store, the STOCK, holds data on each item in inventory. Process transaction changes the data to reflect the new transaction. Meanwhile, MANAGEMENT accesses the system through Communicate, evaluating the data in STOCK and, if necessary, requesting a recorder. Once a reorder is authorized, Generate reorder sends necessary data to the SUPPLIER, who ships the items to the store. Note that, because the reorder represents a change in the inventory level of a particular product or products, it is handled as a transaction.The data flow diagram describes the logical system. The next step is tracing the data flow. Start with the destination SUPPLIER. Reorders flow to suppliers; for example, the store might want 25 pairs of jeans. To fill the order, the supplier needs the product description and the reorder quantity. Where do these data elements come from? Since they are output by Generate reorder, they must either be input to or generated by this process. Data flow into Generate reorder for STOCK; thus, product and reorder quantities must be stored inSTOCK.Other data elements, such as purchased and the purchase quantity, are generated by CUSTOMER. Still others, for example selling price and reorder point, are generated by or needed by MANAGEMENT. The current stock –on-hand for a given item is an example of a data element generated by an algorithm in one of the procedures. Step by step, methodically, the analyst identifies the data elements to be input to, stored by, manipulated by, generated by, or output by the system.To keep track of the data elements, the analyst might list each one in a data dictionary. A simple data dictionary can be set up on index cards, but computerized data dictionaries have become increasingly popular. The data dictionary, a collection of data describing and defining the data, is useful throughout the systems analysis and design process, and is often used to build a database during the implementation stage.The idea of analysis is to define the system’s major functions and data elements methodically. Remember that the objective is translating user needs into technical terms. Since the system starts with the user, the first step is defi ning the user’s needs. Users think in terms of functions and data. They do not visualize programs, or files, or hardware, and during this initial, crucial analysis stage, it is essential that the analyst think like a user, not like a programmer.Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries are useful tools. They provide a format for recording key information about the proposed system. Also, they jog the analyst’s memory; for example, if the analyst doesn’t have sufficient information to complete a data dictionary entry, he or she has probably missed something. Perhaps most importantly, the data flow diagram and the data dictionary document the analyst’s understanding of the system requirements. By reviewing these documents, the user can correct misunderstanding or oversights. Finally, they represent an excellent starting point for the next step, design.DesignAs we enter the design stage, we know what the system must do, and thus can begin thinking about how to do it. The objective is to develop a strategy for solving the problem.At this stage, we are not interested in writing code or in defining precise data structures; instead, we want to identify, at a black box level, necessary programs, files, procedures, and other components.The data flow diagram defines the system’s necessary functions; how might they be implemented? One possibility is writing one program for each process. Another is combining two or more processes in a single program; there are dozens of alternative solutions. Let’s focus on one option a nd document it.A system flowchart uses symbols to represent programs, procedures, hardware devices, and the other components of a physical system. Our flowchart shows that transaction data enter the system through a terminal, are stored on an inventory by a data collection program, and then are stored on an inventory file. Eventually, the inventory file is processed by a Report and reorder program. Through it, management manipulates the data and authorizes reorders.Look at the system flowchart. It identifies several hardware components, including a computer, a disk drive, a data entry terminal, a printer, and a display terminal. Tow programs are needed: Process transaction and Report and reorder. In addition to the hardware and the programs, we’ll need dat a structures for the inventory file and for data flows between the I/O devices and the software. Note that system flow chart illustrates one possible solution; a good analyst will develop several feasible alternatives before choosing one.The flowchart maps the system, highlighting its major physical components. Since the data link the components, the next task is defining the data structures. Consider, for example, the inventory file. It contains all the data elements from the data store STOCK. The data el ements are listed in the data dictionary. Using them, the file’s data structure can be planned.How should the file be organized? That depends on how it will be accessed. For example, in some applications, data are processed at regular, predictable intervals. Typically, the data are collected over time and processed together, as a batch. If batch processing is acceptable, a sequential file organization is probably best.It is not always possible to wait until a batch of transactions is collected, however. For example, consider an air defense early warning system. If an unidentified aircraft is spotted, it must be identified immediately; the idea of waiting until 5:00 p. m because “that’s when the air defense program is run” is absurd. Instead, because of the need for quick response, each transaction must be processed as it occurs. Generally, such transaction processing systems call for direct access file.Our inventory system has tow programs. One processes transactions. A direct access inventory file seems a reasonable choice. The other allows management to study inventory data occasionally; batch processing would certainly do. Should the inventory file be organized sequentially or directly? Faced with such a choice, a good analyst considers both options. One possible system might accept transactions and process them as they occur. As an alternative, sales slips might be collected throughout the day and programs would deal with direct access files; in the second system, they would be linked to sequential files. A program to process direct access data is different from a program to process sequential data. The data drive the system. The choice of a data structure determines the program’s structure. Note that the program is defined and planned in the context of the system.ImplementationOnce the system’s major components have been identified, we can begin to develop them. Our system includes two programs, several pieces of equipment, and a number of data structures. During implementation, each program is planned and written using the techniques described in Chapter 7. Files are created, and their contents checked. New hardware is purchased, installed, and tested. Additionally, operating procedures are written and evaluated. Once all the component parts are ready, the system is tested. Assuming the user is satisfied, the finished system is released.SummaryA system is a collection of hardware, software, data, and procedural components that work together to accomplish an objective. A program is but one component in a system. System are planned and designed by system analysts who generally follow a well-defined,methodical process. The first step in the process is problem definition, when the analystattempts to discover exactly what the user needs. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, a feasibility study is conducted to determine if the problem can be solved. Given a clear problem definition, analysis begins. During this stage, the analyst develops a logical model of the system. Key functions are linked through a data flow diagram. Using the diagram as a tool, the data flows are traced, and the system’s data elements are identified and recorded in a data dictionary. After the logical system isreviewed with the user, design begins.During design, the analyst develops a model of the physical system. A system flowchart can be used to map the system, defining each physical component as a symbol. A good systems analyst considers a number of alternative solutions to the problem before settling on one. Implementation follows design. Programs are planned and written; hardware is ordered and installed; procedures are written; files and databases are initialized; and, finally, the pieces are assembled and tested. Following release of the system, maintenancebegins.学生信息管理系统的设计与发展随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不便及时间的浪费.二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。
外文文献—管理信息系统的起源与发展.doc
附录The Origin and Development of the Management Information System The history of the Management Information System are not long, has studied the time with more than 40 years about its system till now, as a new developing discipline, its development course has roughly gone through following several stages:The word of Management Information System (MIS) appeared in the 1960s first, university Professor, G.B.Davis of management college, Minnesota of U.S.A., lead colleague of him begin further investigation, the MIS of field. The appearance of the MIS, has brought the revolutionary change to management in the future, people can not imagine today's status and function in the business activities of all organizations of the MIS at all at that time, especially the development at full speed of the technology of the computer with science and technology, the MIS, this discipline, is being perfected constantly, occupy quite important position during nowadays fierce market competition.The use of information is not a patent of the modern society. The period of Three Kindoms Zhu Ge-liang " grass ship borrow arrow " that women and children know all, astronomy, geographical information model of magical effect. Such an example can be found everywhere at all times and in all lands, only the understanding of information was not far as the understanding of information of today at that time, it is incomparable too in information treatment technology, method and means. The development of any discipline is all closely linked to environment and condition of the society at that time, economic, technology. The MIS is the same too, after the mankind enters the industrial society, out of the requirements for survival and development, people begin to try to use more advanced equipment and technical treatment and use information. At the beginning of the 19th century at the end of the 18th century, the appearance of the card punch, people felt the revolutionary era of information processing has already comes, this is leap of information processing before a computer appears.Entering the fifties, the mankind invented the computer, though the computer at that time and our computer of today were unable to compare, but people have still seen its development potentiality in information processing, then try to make use of it to assist people to manage one's own business in conditional beginning, replace and deal with a large number of data artificially with the computer. It seems today that the MIS is from the life beginning to really come into people at this moment. It is earliest and using the best system of the result to be should be EDP to deserve to be called the MIS, namely we call that the electronic data handling system (Electronic Data Processing) now. EDP kept using until the 1990s, did not withdraw from the stage gradually until INTERNET is popularized. In middle period of the fifties, people began to realize it with the development of industrialized society, production scale and field are expanding constantly, the constant improvement of the production automation level, production and circulation grow with each passing day, make the information related to producing expand at double, therefore the management is more and more complicated. It is organizations' common expectation that the treatment to information is required in time, accurate. Then General Electric Co. Limited of U.S.A. used the computer to calculate and calculate with the cost accounting the earliest computer salary in 1954, this is an early shape of the MIS, and a masterpiece of EDP. U.S.A. use computer carry on pioneer of data processing, among computer of nearly 3,000 of U.S.A. will it be the end the fifties, nearly 80% is used in the work oftreatment of the data, its range of application is very extensive, include various large-scale enterprises, service trades, institutions, etc. SABRE of American Airlines is it book tickets system the typical representative, EDP of period, to make an appointment, than ahead salary and cost accounting system advanced system, the system can assign U.S.A. any airline any course plane seat of flight any. It consist of 1008 reservation order, assign 76000 seat, can deposit and withdraw 600000 passenger fly the record, but it can't tell people further detailed information, still belongs to primary stage of the MIS. Even so, the application in data processing of the computer, has promoted the development of computer hardware and software greatly, and then has promoted the development of industry of the whole computer. The first data processing language COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) in the world is the birth this period. From the sixties to the seventies, this was that the MIS developed the most important period. During the time in the past 20 years, the MIS is no matter from the theory, have all made the basic achievement from the respect of practising. Begin forming and application for the MIS of representatives with the real-time process system, the essential feature of this kind of system carries on comparatively comprehensive data processing to the information content of a certain limit, can offer information in good time, to such information as the picture, characters, sound, chart, etc., adopt the file or the text way to carry on inputting, processing, and transmitting of information. In the seventies, the western developed country represented by U.S.A. began extensive study and application to the MIS, as what has been studied is deepened constantly, people not merely expect to it that there is break-through of quantity in data processing, and expect even more in the respect of the quality, namely there is a new content in overall management of information. An overall but huge production status information is reported to systematic COPICS and developed successfully by IBM, this system is including designing and producing the data management subsystem, user's order subsystem, predict subsystem, main production schedule on system, cost, accounting subsystem, stock control subsystem and make activity program subsystem mean a lot of subsystems, distributed in each department of enterprises, information is collected in real time, offer decision and management data. The great majority in the 1980s of our country used the system to belong to this kind of basically, this kind of software realized the basic thought of the MIS basically. Combine the computer closely with management activity because of the preliminary application of the MIS in this period, make the whole enterprise form a height computerization, highly informationalized organization, have improve the operation efficiency of enterprises greatly, has improved work quality. But people still just realize the function that the computer is in managing tentatively, have just seen the speed of the computer, has not realized the real intension of the MIS. Then, on one hand the scholars carry on further research to the problem in practice of the MIS, have begun the exploration of the theory again on the other hand. Basic theories and basic conception of the MIS whom middle and later periods form in the 1970s mostly, especially the development and application of DSS (DSS), have opened up new world. People think, the new application mode in management of the computer, should pay attention to the support to decision, therefore developing direction of the MIS, should can offer decision, system with friendly user's interface that information support for policymaker that organize one. The thought of DSS has got the attention of the academia and must use the fast development quickly, this is exactly a marrow of the MIS, this kind of thought is still supporting the MIS of today.Entering the eighties, the software and hardware technology of the computer began its high-speed developing period. Because there is guarantee of technology, the thing that can only want to can't be donein a lot of befores can all be very easy to realize. The mankind has not only entered and managed times with no paper at all but also begin to enter the times of management based on artificial intelligence, people begin to study and apply the artificial intelligence theory to business administration and combine with DSS etc., the expert system used in management begins to appear too. This kind of system has offered a tool to the reasoning structure of the expert system and knowledge base editor besides offering user's enormous model storehouse, users can use knowledge base and reasoning organization in the system to carry on reasoning to the decision question, get relevant conclusions. The mid-or late-1980s, have presented the high level and in charge of the information system in succession (Executive Information Systems, EIS) and the strategic information system (Strategy Information Systems, SIS). The former is that one kind faces the top management team's DSS while organizing in fact, the latter is mainly the decision support to strategy and policy of organizing.In the 1990s, human entry reached information age. This period, people's understanding that information is new, and pay great attention. Information as basic resource of enterprise, become from one status of supporting role all enterprise produce and manage main role of course nowadays already. Nobody's enormous function on information has any suspicion in modern enterprises, people know clearly, has ignored the control over information, working efficiency and work quality are difficult to improve, it is difficult to keep unbeaten in the fierce market competition. The trend of the economic globalization has already been invented apparently, the rival from both home and abroad will be stronger and stronger, today of treatment technology high development of information, mean grasping the most advanced tool of production too after grasping the information resources, thus have the initiative in hands in keen competition. On the other hand, the development of information industrialization has advanced the process of industry's informationization too, the status in people's production, living of information industry represented by Internet is rising constantly, the information management has already become key technology of supporting enterprises. The 1990s were the times that the MIS was developed rapidly, such advanced persons as ERP, MRPII, JIT, OPT, etc. produced the office procedure to combine with the MIS closely, become ripe on behalf of modern enterprise gradually in management, modern the MIS whether concept of the MIS of information age take shape gradually. Since later stage of the 1990s, the concepts of knowledge economy and information management have already been accepted by people, and begin application in enterprises with better foundation. The MIS is being perfected with development constantly in the new social environment, economic environment, face the problem that a lot of are new at the same time. Enter 21st century, information become primary key element, enterprise of resource already, control over information and is it have new intension also to use. Get in touch closer in the MIS, other methods and technology of information age, the transformations of e- commerce, knowledge economy, modern enterprise's course, are all focuses in the 21st century. Internet and Intranet permeate through enterprises, present the MIS is not confined to the management respects of enterprises either, the reliance on information of enterprise of today was incomparable at any time in the past.The MIS is a developing concept, its development comes from the enterprise and the society to its demand. People proposed " information management and information system " in order to replace the MIS at the end of the 20th century, have contained five respects in the specialized catalogue in the past in our country: Namely the MIS, economic information management, scientific and technological information management, informatics and forestry's information management. The content that natural informationmanagement and information system study is far above these, but we can see clearly from it the MIS is no longer the simple concept in the past. Modern the formulation of the MIS can include two kinds of meaning: One kind is broadly-defined, namely the one that include with various kinds of shapes, various kinds of modes is used in the computer system of economy, management field. Because modern the application of the MIS is wider and wider, people have already generally used the information system now (Information Systems, IS) one word comes to point the system in this meaning; Another kind is narrowly-defined, namely mainly refer to the system offering information to the administrative staff at all levels of enterprises. It is usually that one is used in data processing, such information processing, integrated computer information system (L- P10-11) processed and conveyed inside enterprises as activity dealing with, information report, etc. ERP, BPR, INTERNET, E-COM give modern the MIS pour into vigor, it is no longer the question of surviving, but the problem of how to develop and improve.译文：管理信息系统的起源与发展管理信息系统的历史不长，到现在为止对其系统研究只有四十几年的时间，作为一个新兴学科，它的发展历程大致经历了以下几个阶段：管理信息系统（Management Information Systems, MIS）一词最早出现在六十年代，美国明尼苏达大学管理学院G.B.Davis 教授率领他的同仁们开始了管理信息系统领域的深入研究。
外文文献--医院信息管理系统
1 DatabaseDatabases offer great opportunities for productivity. In fact, in corporate libraries，electronic databases are now considered more valuable than books and journals. However，maintaining databases means users must make constant efforts to keep them from being tampered with or misused。
1、Strategic usesDatabases help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future。
To support the needs of managers and other business professionals，many organizations collect data from a variety of internal and external databases。
This data is then stored in a special type of database called a data warehouse。
A technique called data mining is often used to search these databases to look for related information and patterns.There are hundreds of databases available to help users with both general and specific business purposes, including：Business directories providing addresses, financial and marketing information，products, and trade and brand names。
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信息管理系统-英文文献Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has different management thought, the corresponding is corresponding with the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MIS for short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA) and database, model base, method base, knowledge base, andexchange information with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them, especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside is inseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the software and hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharing network of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis.Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product of "post-industrial economy", at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network andcommunication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. World advanced developed countries has established a perfect system of management information system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a "gold card", "Jin Guan", "golden bridge" project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards the knowledge economy, whether it is a management information system based on industrial economy, there are a few experts and management oriented expert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination ofthe development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful companies are dependent on the ability of the operation of the global network application and development of the enterprise's economic activity is likely to break through the boundaries and become a global activity. Relying on the management information system of the networked enterprise may establish a worldwide sales network, the multinational company, can track the order, delivery, settlement, participate in the competition of the world market. In haier group, for example, more than 10800 kinds of products in the market involve hundreds of countries, tens of thousands of dealers, 50000 outbound product every day, every day more than the average settlement funds of 276 million yuan. For such a complex system, if not for networked management, as long as the one over one thousand link error, can make the enterprise bankruptcy.Management information systems involve economics, management, operations research, statistics, computer science, such as different subjects, is closely related to the interdisciplinary comprehensive cross of a new discipline. Is a worldwide made remarkable development of the discipline. Research and teaching in the field of management information system in China is faced with accelerated development, and the urgent needs and challenges in line with international standards. The wide application ofmanagement information system to promote the professional development of management information system, this is the sign of the mature management information system course. Global information is causing profound changes in today's world, reshaping the world political, economic, social, cultural and military development new pattern. Accelerate the development of information technology, has become the common choice of the world. Informatization development cannot leave the construction of management information system, information only through for effective process management, build a management information system can play its role. The development of global informationization also reflects the globalization of management information system development.Enterprise information management system (EIMS) is the use of modern management ideas and methods, the adoption of the electronic computer, software and network communication technology, to the enterprise management decision in the process of information collection, storage, processing, analysis, to assist the enterprise daily business process until the formulation and optimization of decision scheme, and tracking, supervision, control, adjust the whole management process of the man-machine system. With the acceleration of economic development, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is becoming more and more competition is increasingly fierce. Due to the increasingly homogenized products, enterprise competition goal from pure product competition tosupply chain competition, enterprise concern also from pure sales to expand into, sales and stock of each link. The application of network technology and e-commerce breakthrough the limitations of time and space, to the development of small and medium-sized enterprise to bring more opportunities, but also more increase the intensity of the competition between the enterprises. Using the modern computer information management technology, can improve the utilization rate of funds and settlement speed, reduce inventory, speed up the overall operating efficiency, so that enterprises in the fierce competition in the invincible position.Because enterprise is the profit maximization as the goal of economic organizations, the main purpose of the information resources management is to play to the information society benefit and potential value-added features, to complete the enterprise production, management, sales work, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, but also to improve the social benefits. In general, the main content of enterprise information resource management work include: (1) the management of information resources; (2) the management of the people; (3) the management of the information work.As the global economic integration and the establishment of market economic system and the rapid development of modern information technology, enterprise survival and the fundamental changes have takenplace in the internal and external environment of competition, the enterprise information and information management and international standards. Enterprise informationization is, not only the extension of information technology, more important is the extension of enterprise management and organization. The essence of the enterprise information is supported by information technology, managers in time the use of information resources, grasp the market opportunities, to make decisions in a timely manner. Enterprise informatization not only should attach importance to technology research, therefore, more should attach great importance to the integration of information resources management, to avoid repetition of information resources, dispersed, waste and low efficiency, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Therefore, the enterprise information resources development and utilization is the core of the enterprise information construction, is also the starting point and the ultimate aim of the enterprise informatization.The role of information management system: 1. Knowledge, ensure that each member can be Shared within the organization. 2. Ensure the timeliness of knowledge acquisition. Information management system solved the cross-regional, across time, across units, access barriers between across different departments and employees, as long as it is on the premise of have permission, knowledge demanders can quickly find all kinds of knowledge they need through the system. 3. Improve organization or individual tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and ensure the effective transformationbetween the two. The emergence of knowledge economy makes the management information system has quickly become the key strategic resource of the enterprise. We put a lot of knowledge, as it were, condensed into the management information system and decision support system. Revolutionary will rely on the management information system of business administration, business process reengineering, management, led by the centralized to decentralized leadership development, customer relationship management, supply chain management, e-commerce, etc. All with the application and development of management information system of the intimate contact. Should see the application of information technology, is essentially make information been fully made use of the information society the dominant resources. Say so: the promotion of information technology is a means, the use of information is the true goal.Conclusion: the management information system development is a high-risk and high-yield of engineering. Put forward rational unified direction is caused by the management information system development has been very low success rate. It is estimated that in the 80 s China enterprise information the success rate of only 20%, this means that a large number of waste and loss of money. For a long time, people from different aspects to solve these problems, mainly from the perfect management system, strengthen the management of data, implement head principle, strengthen personnel training and raise the scientific nature of the development method and soon. Management information system of network greatly increased the possibility of information resources sharing between enterprises and enterprises. It's on, in, the downstream enterprises to establish virtual enterprise to create the conditions. In order to quick response to customers personalized needs development, the enterprise can through the Internet, with the help of other enterprise resources around the world to realize the integrated management.。