2016年高考英语二轮复习训练：1-1-5 篇章结构题a 含解析

建议用时：15分钟A[2015·重庆一中一诊]The African elephant, the largest landanimal remaining on earth, is of great importance P1to African ecosystem (生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent P2the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna (稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existence W1for millions of other animals that live in its habitat (栖息地)．It is the elephant's great desire W2for food that makes it a disturber of the en v ironment and an important builder of its habitat.SIn its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in P3numerous W3open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters.Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations W4，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant eaters to move around and for small plant eaters to get their food as well.What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientistssay, many other animals will also disappear from v ast W5areas offorest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。

1．What is the passage mainly about?A．Disappearance of African elephants.B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.C．The effect of African elephants' search for food.D．The eating habit of African elephants.答案：C 考查主旨大意。

本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。

故C正确。

2．What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?A．Fixing the time. B．Worsening the state.C．Improving the quality. D．Deciding the conditions.答案：D 考查词义猜测。

根据文章“As a big plant eater, itlargely shapes the forest-and-savanna(稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”说明非洲大象塑造了草原的环境，也决定了其他动物的生存条件。

故D项正确。

3．What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?A．They result from the destruction of rain forests.B．They provide food mainly for African elephants.C．They are home to many endangered animals.D．They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.答案：D 考查细节理解。

根据文章“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces arenumerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters”．说明开放的空间对于其他的食草动物也很重要。

故D项正确。

4．The passage is developed mainly by________.A．showing the effect and then explaining the causesB．pointing out similarities and differencesC．describing the changes in space orderD．giving examples答案：A考查篇章结构。

本文主要通过描述大象的行为带来的具体影响以及对这些影响的原因的解释。

故A项正确。

W重点词汇1．existence n. 存在2．desire v．/n. 欲望；要求3．numerous adj. 许多的；很多的4．situation n. 情况；形势5．vast adj. 广阔的；巨大的P重点短语1．of great importance 很重要的2．to a great extent 在很大程度上3．result in 导致S句式仿写原文：It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. (强调句型)译文：正是大象对食物的欲望使它成为环境的破坏者和栖息地的修建者。

仿写：It_was_the_culture_rather_than_the_language_that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化而不是语言，使他很难适应国外的新环境。

B[2015·西安下学期月考] With the de v elopment of P1society, thechoice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before. However, every coin has two sides. Many facts suggest that children are o v er w eight W1and the situation is getting worse,according to the statistics W2. I feel there are a number of P2reasons forthis.Some people blame W3the fact that we are surrounded W4by shops selling unhealthy W5，fatty foods, such as fried chicken and icecream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less take-away food.There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree to P3this, because goodeating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives.There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣), it also gi v es them time to eat moreunhealthy food.S What they need is to go outside and play activegames or sports.The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, aswell as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.本文是健康类短文，本文第一段是一个中心段，提出儿童肥胖的问题，在2,3,4段中分别给出一个原因。