中考形容词、副词知识点

形容词&副词知识点

考点一、形容词

1、概念：形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征，用来修饰名词或不定代词，常作定语、表语、宾补

2、分类：（1）根据构成，可分为简单形容词（kind, boring…）和复合形容词（kind-hearted, hard-working）

（2）根据与所修饰的名词的关系，分为限定性形容词（a French dish, a Chinese table）

和描述性形容词（a delicious dish, a smooth table）

3、形容词的一般用法

（1）形容词+名词，作定语—a good girl（good作girl的定语）

（2）be/系动词+形容词，作表语—It is good. / It sounds great.（good表明it的状态和性质）

（3）表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语

eg：awake, alone, alive, asleep, afraid, well, ill, frightened（scared可作定语）

（4）动词+形容词(make / keep…adj.)，作宾补—Robots can make humans lazy.（humans是宾语，lazy作宾补）（5）数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词（形容词后置）

eg：two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.

（6）the+形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数—the old / young / rich / poor.

（7）形似副词的形容词—lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly

（8）以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人

eg：exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed, frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed

★★特殊的：pleasant令人愉快的人或物，pleased人感到满意愉快的

（9）一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式

eg：be glad / happy / pleased to do sth. be sorry / sad / sure to do sth.

be ready / afraid / able to do sth. be easy / difficult to do sth.

（10）只能作定语的形容词eg：little, only, wooden, woolen, elder

4、形容词的位置

（1）形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前，作定语eg：an honest boy, many beautiful fl owers…

（2）多个形容词连用——先形状，后颜色，中间夹新旧，最后是材质eg：this big new red plastic pen

①描述性形容词：对某事物的总体评价

②形状(大小, 长短)：oval, square, rectangl e, triangl e, round…, big, small, l ong, short

③新旧：new(young), ol d

④颜色：red, blue, white, black, purple, pink, yell ow, orange, green…

⑤材料：

（3）

（4）不定代词+形容词，作后置定语—something important

（5）表语形容词作定语时，通常放在不定代词的后面，常用的是alive, awake, asleep等

eg：He was the only person awake at that night. / You are the happiest children alive.

5

（1）表示“某人做某事…”

（2）表示“做某事对某人来说…”

difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible

考点二、副词

1、概念：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词及整个句子的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等

2、副词的分类

（1）时间副词：now, early, then, soon, before, ago等

（2）地点副词：home, here, there, out, above, below, outside, up, down, downstairs等

（3）程度副词：very, much, still, almost, quite, so, too等

（4）疑问副词：how, when, where, why等

（5）关系副词：when, where why（放在引导的定语从句句首）

（6）连接副词：how, where, why, whether等（引导宾语从句）

3、副词的一般用法

（1）用作状语

①修饰动词eg：He speaks English very well.

②修饰形容词eg：You have a very nice watch.

③修饰其它副词eg：You run too fast. / You did it pretty well.

④修饰整个句子eg：Luckily, He passed the exam successfully. / Suddenly, he fell into a river.

（2）用作后置定语eg：The people here are very friendly. / The weather abroad is different from ours. （3）用作表语，主要限于少数地点或方位副词，时间副词以及其它副词（in, out, on, off, up, down, over, around）eg：I am home. / He’ll be back in two minutes.

（4）用作宾补eg：I saw him out.

4、副词的位置

（1）通常放在被修饰的动词后面

eg：He passed the exam easily. / We finished this task successfully.

（2）频度副词always, often, sometimes, usually, never, seldom常放在动词之前，be动词和情态动词之后

eg：He sometimes go to school on foot. / I seldom eat out on school days.

He is often late for school.

She can always go to school in a car.

（3）程度副词放在被修饰的形容词之前

eg：He is very sad to hear that. / The boy is too young.

（4）修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps, maybe, first, now, sometimes, finally等常放在句首

eg：Perhaps / Maybe you are right. First, let’s begin our class with a song.

Now, let me tell you something important. Finally, he appeared.

（5）adv. + enough，enough后置

eg：If you have enough time, you can go now.

He runs quickly enough to get there on time.

（6）时间副词和地点副词一般在句尾，地点副词在时间副词前，时间副词也可放在句首

eg：They went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.

5、及物动词短语（后面的物是人称代词you, him, her, it, them时，必须放中间）

away：take away, put away, send away

down：take down, write down, put down

up：look up, send up, put up, dress up, ring up, give up

out：find out, wear out, sell out, try out, take out

on：put on, try on, turn on

off：turn off, take off

其它的：look over, look around

6、几个常用副词的区别

（1）how long / soon / often / far

①How long问时间和物体的长短

②How soon“多久，多块”，用于一般将来时，用“in+时间段”来回答

③How often问做某事的频率，常用“once, twice, three times…”来回答

④How far问距离的长短

（2）hard / hardly

①hard“努力地，认真地”，程度副词——work hard

②hardly“几乎不”，否定副词——He can hardly see the words on the blackboard.

（3）much too / too much

①much too+adj. / adv.原级，与too many相对，中心词是too

eg：much too cold / He finished his homework much too quickly.

②too much+不可数名词，中心词时much——He has too much time.

too much也可作程度副词——Don’t eat too much, it’s bad for your health.

（4）too, enough, so

①too…to…表示否定的意思，太…而不能