21世纪大学英语读写教程IV课后答案

A部分完型填空Unit 1There are many paths to greatness. Some people go down in history for their 1)_ influential _ political leadership. Other are remembered for spectacular scientific 2)__ breakthroughs _ for composing great symphonies, or writing 3)__ brilliant __ poetry. But whatever path they take, great people seem to 4)__ share __ a few common characteristics. They are relentlessly 5)__ optimistic __ and persistent; they have both intellectual skills and the ability to work well with other people; and they love their work. In fact, 6)_ for _these people, work is more like an obsession than a job. Of course, many of the questions about greatness 7)__ remain __ , unanswered. What roles so genetics and environment 8)__ play __ in the question How can we know who among our 9) contemporaries will be remembered as great and which people, though famous today, will be 10)__ forgotten __ in the future It’s also possible that our 11)_ view _ of who is great is not always fair or accurate. For example, the of 12)_ achievement__women are not recognized as often as they should , we can’t even be 13)__ sure__ if it is really good to be great. Maybe the happiest people are the normal ones. Normal people aren’t endowed 14)_ with _ what it takes to be great, but th ey also don’t have to worry 15)_ about _ the burdens of history.Unit 2Gratitude is defined as the art of showing 1)__appreciation __ for every kindness, great and small. Usually, 2)__expressing _ gratitude costs very little, but its rewards can be great. When gratitude is owed but not given, however, as when we 3)_ fail _ to recognize a ge nerous act on someone else’s 4)_ part _, this denial can lead to sore feelings, and even resentment. Sometimes, truly deep gratitude calls for personal sacrifice. One 5) _ example __ is a mother of world war II soldier who traveled from her home 6)_ through __ the U. S. to visit the French family who had 7)___ sheltered ___ her son from Nazis. She was driven to 8)__ do this unselfish generosity which this family had shown her son. But gratitude can 9)_ also _ be shown by very simple acts. We can start 10)__ by __ making sure that, in one way or another, we thank the family members and 11)_coworkers__ who help us every day. In sum, the 12)_ key _to gratitude is thoughtfulness, or 13)_taking __ pains to consider the feeling of others as well as out own. Being generous and 14)_ unselfish _ with our affection and sentiments is one thing we all can do to make the world a more pleasant place. For all of these 15)_ reasons _ gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much..Unit 3Traditional western ways of thinking can often lead to an 1)_ impasse _ when we are confronting a truly difficult problem. This happened to Dr. Edward Jenner when he was trying to 2)_ come _ up with a vaccine for the deadly disease known as smallpox. Jenner was 3)_ able _to solve the problem he faced by changing the 4)_ framework within whichhe looked at it. Rather than focusing on people who had smallpox, he 5) looked carefully at those who seemed never to get the disease. This change in 6)_tactics _ is an example of what is known as “lateral thinking.” The term means choosing not to approach a problem head-on, but instead looking at it 7)__sideways _. In lateral thinking, being able to take in and 8)_ consider _ all kinds of ideas, no matter how unlikely they might seem, is of the 9)_ utmost _ significance. Lateral thinking can help all kinds of people, from smokers who want to give 10)__ up _ their habit, to archers who need to relax in order to perform 11)_ at _ their best. This idea does not 12)_ imply that solutions which come from vertical thinking are always deeply 13) flawed _ . The truth is that different ways of thinking have different 14)_advantages when you get stuck struggling with a problem head-on, thinking laterally can help you to shift your point of view and perhaps see a 15)_ solution you wouldn’t other wise notice.Unit 4A recent educational experiment showe d that the difference between “gifted” children and regular ones may have as much as to do with 1)__expectations__ as with intelligence. An elementary school teacher was 2)_deceived__ into thinking that her students were above average in intelligence. She then 3)__managed__ to get them to do outstanding work, even though their true IQs were well within the normal range. It seems that her belief in her students’ intelligence was enough to turn them 4)_into_ better ’s difficult to 5)__pinpoint __exactly how such beliefs are expressed. It 6)__may __have to do with how a teacher talks to the class: many positive, supportive expressions and few expressions of impatience, annoyance, or 7) communication, including 8)_facial __expressions, probably plays a role too. But one thing is clear: labels and expectations 9)__strongly _ influence results. Outside of the classroom, labeling can, as 10) often__ as not, have a negative effect. The labels we put on different social groups are usually not 11)__inclusive__. In fact, they are often sexist or racist. Of 12)__course__ , there is good and bad in all kinds of people. But we 13)__tend__to accept some ideas about certain groups more readily than about others. The school experiment shows that such labels havea 14)__great__ deal of power. But when labels are unfair and negative they can be very15)__damaging__.Unit 5When I came to prison, my reading skills were 1)__ terrible __ and my penmanship was worse. But because I wanted to 2)__ emulate__ some of the more well-read inmates, I decided to do something about it, I began by copying 3)__over _ the dictionary. You know the dictionary had all kinds of information. It’s someth ing like an encyclopedia in 4)_ miniature _. But the most important result 5)_ of _ studying dictionary was that it gave me the word 6)_base __ I needed to read 7)_effectively __. Soon, I could pick up8)_almost _ any book and read it. I checked 9)_ out _ all kinds of books from the prison library, both non-fiction and literature. I love to read so much that I could I always find myself 10)_ engrossed _in something when “lights out” came. I was so 11)__ hungry __ for knowledge that I would then lie on the floor and read by the faint 12)_ glow _of the hallwaylight until I heard the guard coming back down along the corridor. Many people say that no true 13)__ rehabilitation _ is possible in prison. But I felt that I learned more there than I could have in any college, even if no degree was 14)__ conferred __ on me. After all, where else could I have 15)_ combated _ my own ignorance more effectively than in a place where I could be left alone and allowed to read for up to 15 hours per dayUnit 6what does a young child’s abilit y not to eat a marshmallow 1) _ have _ to do with success in life Quite a lot, as it turns out. The 4-year-old who is able to 2)__ hold out __ in order to receive a second treat is 3)_ demonstrating _ more self-control than will serve him or her well as an adult. T his ability to control one’s 4)__ impulses __ is just one part of what is called Emotional Intelligence. The children who demonstrate it will grow up to be better adjusted and 5)_ more _successful. Those kids who don’t have it are less likely to succeed when it comes to meeting challenges and 6)_ dealing _ with life’s frustration. In the past, our concept of intelligence was mainly limited 7)__to _ the kinds of skills that 8)_enabl__ one to do well in school. But Emotional Intelligence 9)_redefines _ what it means to be smart by focusing on how the mind 10)_ processes _ feelings rather than ideas. There are many ways in which an understanding of Emotional Intelligence can be every 11)_ handy _. It can help parents 12)_ raise _ their children, help corporations manage employees, and help solve many social problems. These ideas are not very controversial, but some other13) _ aspects _ of Emotional Intelligence are. For example, some scholars are offended at the idea that such a 14)__ complex _ and abstract idea would be reduced to a simple numerical measure in the 15)_ form _ of an “EQ”.Unit 7As a child, I identified much more 1) strongly with my mother than with my father. She and I are both somewhat 2)_ shy _ introverted people who like to read. My father is a man of action 3)_rather _ than words. While my mother and I tend to worry a lot, my father is an 4)_ optimist _ who’s never had a sleepless night in his life. When I was young, my father and I fought 5)_ constantly _. Since I became an adult, however, he and I have pretty much 6)_made _ our peace. Although he didn’t 7)__support __ my decision to become a writer, I know that he is proud of my success. And he is less 8)_ stubborn __ than he used to be. As he has aged, he is now willing to ask for help sometimes, to call a 9)_ plumber _ if the job is too difficult for him. Now we are on 10)_ even _ ground. Recently, I met with my father to 11)_ talk _ about plans for his estate. My father told me he had taken care 12)__ of __ the business. The Navy would burn his ashes and scatter them at sea. This way, his death wouldn’t be a 13)_ burden__ to me. I had no way to let him know how 14)_ much_ I wanted to burdened by this responsibility. So I just reached across the table and took of hold his hand, trying to 15)_ stop _ the tears.Unit 8The Athenians and the Visigoths were extraordinarily different cultures with 1)_conflicting _values and traditions. The Athenians respected education and considered the quest 2)_for _ knowledge a most noble pursuit. To the Visigoths, on the other hand, knowledge was 3)_ pointless _ unless it could be used to earn money or gain power over others. Athenians had a great 4)_ regard _ for fine art. They wrote profoundly touching epic poems and plays which exalt the spirit of audiences 5)_ to _ this day. To the Visigoths, art had no value beyond its 6)_popularity _ at the moment. Athenians practiced political democracy with a tremendous 7)_ vigor _ . They placed great value on tradition, social restraint, and continuity. They sought 8)moderation in all things and created the concept of ecology. At the 9)_ peak of their power, the Visigoths overran Europe desecrating buildings, destroying works of art, and ushering 10)_ in _ the period known as the Dark Ages. It took Europe almost a thousand years to 11)_ recover _ from their ravages. These two cultures are still 12)_ relevant _ today because we all must choose which group to align ourselves 13)_ with _ . 14)_ Although _ the university is an inherently Athenian institution, not all of the students it educates or even all of the professors on its faculty hold Athenian values in 15)_high_ esteem. It is a personal choice whether to sink to the depths of life as a modern Visigoth or to dedicate oneself to the more exalted pursuit of becoming a contemporary Athenian.A部分练习翻译答案Unit 11.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。