追寻幸福：向秀和郭象的哲学思想中英文对照清华大学韦正翔教授制作

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1.2
来自?
From where?
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向秀为河内怀人，即 现在的河南武陟县。 郭象的出生地不明。 Hsiang Hsiu was a native of Huai in Honei, the present Wuchih County in Henan Province.The birth place of Kuo Hsiang is unknown.
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3.1.3
万物之变化？
The change of all things?
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天地万物，无时而不移也。夫 礼义，当其时而用之。则西施 也。时过而不弃，则丑人也。
Heaven, Earth, and all things are ever in a state of change. His Shih exemplifies one whose manners were suitable for the occasion; the ugly woman exemplifies one who failed to cast them aside even after the proper occasion for them had passed.
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Their academic status was related to that of the Mysterious Learning. At the end of the Western Han and the beginning of the Eastern Han, the apocryphal and prognostication texts were most prevalent. With the rise of the Old Text school, however, this literature gradually fell into disfavor and the position of Confucius reverted from that of a semidivine being back once more to that of “teacher”. At the beginning of the Eastern Han and in the Period of the Three Kingdoms, there was a revival of Taoism. During the Period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Taoism became increasingly important. Taoism was called “Mysterious Learning” at that time. Noteworthy is the fact that though all these men were adherents of Taoism, some nevertheless continued to regard Confucius’ doctrine as orthodox theory. The Mysterious Learning of Hsxiang Hsiu and Kuo Hsiang, one the one hand, noticed the disadvantages of Confucianism, and on the other hand, provided the theoretical conditions for the rising of Buddhism. Company Logo
3
• 追寻幸福？
2
• After
happiness?
•学术地位？
1
• Academic status?
• 谁？
• W百度文库o?
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1
谁?
Who?
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1.1
生活于?
Lived?
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向秀和郭象为南北朝时期的魏晋玄学 代表人物。向秀字子期，其生卒年代 为221-300， 享年79岁。郭象字子玄， 卒于312年。
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3.1.4
何谓“无为”？
What is “nonactivity”?
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无为即各任其自为。无为而无 不为。主上无为于亲事，而有 为于用臣。臣能亲事，主能用 臣。
Non-activity means let things be themselves. By relying on non-activity, there will be nothing unaccomplished. The rulers non-activity consists in the management of affairs; his activity consists in the functioning of his ministers. It is the ministers who can manage affairs, but it is the ruler who can cause them to function.
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他们的学术地位与玄学的学术地位相关。 西汉末东汉初之际，为纬书及谶（chèn） 书最盛行的时代。古文经学家不用谶纬， 使孔子反于“师”之地位。东汉及三国之 际，道家学说复兴。至南北朝时，道家之 学益盛。道家之学，当时谓为玄学。玄学 家虽宗奉道家，而其中之一部分仍以孔子 学说为思想正统。而向秀与郭象的玄学一 是切中了儒家的不足之处，二是为佛学的 兴起提供了思想条件。
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3.1.2
万物之联系？
The relationships of things in the universe?
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宇宙间之任何事物，皆与其 间之他任何事物有关系。 “唇齿者，未尝相为，而唇 亡则齿寒”。
Each and every thing in the universe has relationship with each and every other thing. “The lips and teeth never deliberately act for each other, yet when the lips are gone, the teeth feel cold.”
、
译
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参考书目2
3、A History of Chinese Philosophy, Vol.1 & 2, by Yu-lan Fung (Author) , Derk Bodde(Translator)，Princeton University Press (August 1, 1983) 4、 A Short History of Chinese Philosophy by Yu-lan Fung (Author), Derk Bodde (Editor)
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1.4
主要作品?
Main Works?
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向秀和郭象合著《庄子注》
Hsxiang Hsiu and Kuo Hsiang’s collaborated work the Chuang Tzu Commentary
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2
学术地位?
Academic status?
All things are as they are of themselves and do not depend on anything else, this is called “selftransformation”. “The creating of things has no Lord; every thing creates itself”: such is the “principle of self-transformation”.
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Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction 7. Tung Chung-shu One Hundred Schools 8. Neo-Taoism Comfucius , Mencius 9/10. Buddhism (1) (2) Lao Tzu, ChuangTzu 11. Neo-Confucianism Xun Tzu, MoTzu, 12. Marxism in China Han Fei 13. Islam and Christianity 6. The sole dominating in China (TBD) position of Confucianism
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3.1
如何逍遥？
How to have the Happy Excursion?
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3.1.1
何为“独化”？
What is “selftransformation”?
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物皆自然而然，更无所待，此 谓“独化”。“造物无主，而 物各自造”，为“独化之理”。
Zhengxiang Wei Ph.D. in Philosophy Professor
Tsinghua University
weizhx@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
http://zhuyuran.blog.sohu.com/
参考书目1
1、中国哲学史（上下册） 冯友兰著，华东师范大学出版社 2011年版 2、中国哲学简史，冯友兰著，赵复三 生活.读书.新知三联书店2009年版
Hsiang Hsiu (221-300) ,styled Tzu-chi, and Kuo Hsiang (died 312), styled Tzu-hsuan, were representatives of the Mysterious Learning during the Period of Disunity. Hsiang Hsiu lived for 79 years old.
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1.3
生活经历?
Life experience?
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向秀清悟有远识，好老庄之学， 振起玄风。郭象少有才理，好老 庄，能清言。为人行薄，以秀义 不传于世，遂窃以为己注，有添 加内容，故《庄子注》可视为二 人合著之作品。
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Hsiang Hsiu was clear in understanding and far-reaching in knowledge. He had an extraordinary liking for Lao and Chuang, evoked the real spirit of Taoism. Kuo Hsiang already showed outstanding talent as a youth. He was fond of Lao and Chuang and an adept in “pure tall” ( or ch’ing t’an, the art of conversing about philosophy and abstract topics only, avoiding all mundane matters). He was a man of petty character, and on seeing that Hsiu’s treatise was not transmitted in the world, he plagiarized it and made it out to be his own commentary, and he added some contents. So the Chuang-tzu Commentary can be considered as a collaborated work.
3
追寻幸福?
After happiness?
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幸福之路 ◎ 逍遥与至人
Way of pursuing happiness: A man can get happiness through the Happy Excursion or become the “Perfect Man”.