主谓一致-讲义及练习

主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。

寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。

如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprisedwhen they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：①注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案BThe writer and artist has come.;!②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with--- except, but, besides, including ---like, as well as, ---rather than, more than, no less than,等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。

如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。

如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。

如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。

这些词有crew, company, committee ,family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。

如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：⑴集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情况下都用复数形式.如：The police are looking for the lost child. Are there any police around⑵works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。

.①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。

②Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各种办法都试过了。

这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。

（但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。

）7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

>8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.9, ）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。

如：A large quantity of people are needed here. 但large quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

如: Large quantities of food / books are on the table.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。

如：Which is your bag / Which are your bags / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

如：“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。

如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。

如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些学科名词是以–ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works(单复数同形)等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.The steel works in the country produce more steel than those in that country.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 而The pairs of shoes under the bed are his.·8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。